Process Of Change Research Articles

General Industrial Process Optimization Method to Leverage Machine Learning Applied to Injection Moulding

ABSTRACTThe development of machine learning (ML) technologies is driving changes across many sectors. In industrial settings, this is called the fourth industrial revolution and encompasses several technologies pushing the boundaries of industrial automation. In this study, a general industrial process optimization (GIPO) methodology is formulated in the context of Industry 4.0 and tested on an industrial injection moulding machine (IMM). GIPO aims to encourage the practical inclusion of industrial artificial intelligence at all levels of the manufacturing process, while enabling industrial equipment to adapt to a changing processing environment. Special attention is given to the generality of the methodology so that it can be extended to other applications. In the example case study presented here, GIPO combines K‐nearest neighbours classification and nearest neighbours optimization methods to optimize an injection moulding process effectively. Practical implementation conducted on the IMM demonstrates a novel methodology to leverage data mining and ML methods in a real‐world setting to improve production quality, production time and energy cost.

Make new friends, leave my friends: A dialogical investigation into transition experiences and agency in children from UK Armed Forces families

AbstractThis article provides new perspectives on the transitions of children from military families. It examines the experiences and agency of a group of UK primary‐school Service children who were undergoing far‐reaching transitions while participating in an arts‐based research project. Transitions are conceived here not as events, such as school moves, but as processes of changing, the dialogical interplay between ever‐changing socio‐cultural and physical environments and the psychological work individuals undertake in response to change. This reconceptualisation of transitions shifts attention away from children's resilience, or lack thereof, and towards unique, nuanced understandings of their subjective experiences and priorities. Presenting multimodal pieces created by three children as they explored the question, ‘What's it like to be a Service child in this school?’, I describe their diverse and agentic responses to their changing circumstances, as they sought to mitigate anticipated and past losses and perceived disadvantage and to use their transitions as positive opportunities for self‐development. Although punctuated by observable moments of change, this transition work happened over an indefinite timescale, highlighting a need for long‐term support informed by understandings of children's agency and priorities. Such support and insight may be achieved through developing spaces for multimodal dialogue with Service children.

Emotional changes and outcomes in psychotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis summarize current knowledge on emotional change processes and mechanisms and their relationship with outcomes in psychotherapy. We reviewed the main change processes and mechanisms in the literature and conducted meta-analyses of process/mechanism-outcome associations whenever methodologically feasible. A total of 121 studies, based on 92 unique samples, met criteria for inclusion. Of these, 85 studies could be subjected to meta-analysis. The emotional change processes and mechanisms most robustly related to improvement were fear habituation across sessions in exposure-based treatment of anxiety disorders (r = .38), experiencing in psychotherapy for depression (r = .44), and emotion regulation in psychotherapies for patients with various anxiety disorders (r = .37). Common methodological problems were that studies often did not ascertain representative estimates of the processes under investigation, determine if changes in processes and mechanisms temporally preceded outcomes, disentangle effects at the within- and between-client levels, or assess contributions of therapists and clients to a given process. The present study has identified a number of emotional processes and mechanisms associated with outcome in psychotherapy, most notably fear habituation, emotion regulation, and experiencing. A common denominator between these appears to be the habitual reorganization of maladaptive emotional perception. We view this as a central pan-theoretical change mechanism, the essence of which appears to be increased differentiation between external triggers and one's own affective responses, which facilitates tolerance for affective arousals and leads to improved capacity for adaptive meaning-making in emotion-eliciting situations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Dynamic processes in behavioral activation therapy for anhedonic adolescents: Modeling common and patient-specific relations.

Behavioral activation (BA) is a brief intervention for depression encouraging gradual and systematic re-engagement with rewarding activities and behaviors. Given this treatment focus, BA may be particularly beneficial for adolescents with prominent anhedonia, a predictor of poor treatment response and common residual symptom. We applied group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME) to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) treatment data to investigate common and person-specific processes during BA for anhedonic adolescents. Thirty-nine adolescents (Mage = 15.7 years old, 67% female, 81% White) with elevated anhedonia (Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale) were enrolled in a 12-week BA trial, with weekly anhedonia assessments. EMA surveys were triggered every other week (2-3 surveys per day) throughout treatment assessing current positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), engagement in pleasurable activities and social interactions, anticipatory pleasure, rumination, and recent pleasurable and stressful experiences. A multilevel model revealed significant decreases in anhedonia, t(25.5) = -4.76, p < .001, over the 12-week trial. GIMME results indicated substantial heterogeneity in variable networks across patients. PA was the variable with the greatest number (22% of all paths vs. 11% for NA) of predictive paths to other symptoms (i.e., highest out-degree). Higher PA (but not NA) out-degree was associated with greater anhedonia improvement, t(25.8) = -2.22, p = .035. Results revealed substantial heterogeneity in variable relations across patients, which may obscure the search for common processes of change in BA. PA may be a particularly important treatment target for anhedonic adolescents in BA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Meta: XR-AR-MR and Mirror World Technologies Business Impact of Metaverse

Metaverse offers opportunities for companies to create innovative business models by providing a virtual platform where they can sell products and services and interact with customers in new and unique ways. Extended Reality (XR), Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR) and Mirror World technologies are important technological pathways for the metaverse. The metaverse concept is changing organizational structures with new opportunities and shaping the workforce for the future environment. The purpose of this review article is to discuss the concept of metanomics, the business implications of the metaverse in the context of the economy, business and employee-based value, future workforce, B2B opportunities and new business models. The concept of metaptation was associated with the metaverse in later studies to be conceptualized within the framework of adaptation theory. This review concludes by asserting that as the metaverse continues to evolve, driven by advancements in XR, AR, MR, and Mirror World technologies, it will not only revolutionize traditional business models but also necessitate a new paradigm of metaptation, where businesses must continuously adapt to harness the full potential of the metaverse in the realms of economic growth, innovative B2B opportunities, workforce development, and customer engagement. In order to be successful in this dynamic change process, businesses should adopt a strategic approach to adopting these innovative technologies. These strategic steps of businesses will contribute to gaining competitive advantage by enabling them to make the most of the commercial potential of the Metaverse.

A comprehensive analysis of cermet design and thermal cyclic stability via elasto-viscoplastic crystal plasticity modeling

Ceramic-metal composites, or cermets, exhibit beneficial properties resulting in their use in many industrial applications. One challenge with cermets is mismatches in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values between the ceramic and metal phases that lead to residual stresses after processing, plasticity in the metal phase, internal stresses, and instability after thermal cycling. In order to make predictions of these properties to inform the design of cermets, we employ an incremental elasto-viscoplastic, self-consistent formulation to calculate the thermal, elastic, and plastic strains in two-phase polycrystalline cermet materials. This framework is extended to include temperature dependent properties, which are called implicitly within the temperature-dependent, incremental elasto-viscoplastic, self-consistent (TE-VPSC) model. Temperature-induced cooling and thermal cycling simulations are conducted using the TE-VPSC framework to study the residual stresses and plastic strains in the metal phases. Two materials are discussed in detail exhibiting stark differences based on the CTE between their ceramic and metal phases, WC/57-vol% Cu (exhibiting a pronounced CTE mismatch) and Y2O3/27-vol% Nb (exhibiting a negligible CTE mismatch). The model demonstrates high residual stresses in the Cu phase during processing and reverse plasticity leading to recovery of plastic strain during thermal cycling of the WC/Cu cermet. Moreover, the model demonstrates relatively low residual stresses and plasticity in Y2O3/Nb and a thermal stability point of 1251 °C, below which no plasticity develops in the cermet. We employ the TE-VPSC model as a design tool for cermets to systematically investigate the effects of process-induced microstructure variations (volume fraction, grain aspect ratio, and crystallographic texture are investigated) and compositional differences (19 compositions are explored) on the residual stress, degree of plasticity in the metal phase, and thermal stability point. The computational efficiency of the TE-VPSC framework makes it a desktop design tool that can be used to quantify the impact of changing composition, processing, and thermo-mechanical loading on the performance of the cermet, which can help reduce the number of time intensive and costly high temperature experiments.

Vegetation and Evapotranspiration Analyses on Climate Maps

This study focuses on the investigation of evapotranspiration (ET) processes under the climatic and geographical characteristics of Turkey. Evapotranspiration refers to the process by which plants transfer water vapour to the atmosphere and is an important part of the water cycle. Vegetation cover, climatic conditions and topographic structures in different regions of Turkey are among the main factors affecting evapotranspiration. In this study, the seasonal and annual variations of evapotranspiration in different regions of Turkey are discussed and the importance of this process in water resources management, agriculture, ecosystems and climate change is emphasised. This research focuses on conducting an evapotranspiration analysis in Turkey by employing imagery data from NASA Global Land Data Assimilation System Version 2 (GLDAS-2), MODIS, TerraClimate, SMAP Level-4, and Penman-Monteith-Leuning Evapotranspiration V2 (PML_V2) sources. Evapotranspiration, a pivotal process in the hydrological cycle, significantly impacts water resource management and ecosystem dynamics. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of evapotranspiration dynamics across diverse regions within Turkey. For Turkey, SSM data between 2016-2022 and LST data between 2000-2022 were obtained from MODIS images. In the study, regression analyses were performed with evapotranspiration values and SSM and LST data. The best result was a medium level relationship (R 0.56) between evapotranspiration generated from SMAP Level-4 data and LST. A high correlation (R 0.87) was observed with SSM. Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) precipitation data between 1981 and 2023 and Surface pressure (PS) data between 1981 and 2023 were obtained from MERRA image. Regression analyses were performed between evapotranspiration data and PS and Precipitation values. A moderate relationship (R 0.37) was observed between evapotranspiration and PS generated from MOD16A2 V105 data. A moderate relationship (R 0.55) was observed between evapotranspiration and precipitation generated from TerraClimate data. This study aims to contribute to the development of strategies to effectively manage water resources and improve agricultural sustainability by analysing evapotranspiration in various regions of Turkey. Understanding evapotranspiration processes under the climatic diversity and geographical structure of Turkey will be an important step in planning and managing the future use of water resources.

Monitoring Activities On Student Abilities And Obstacles During English Learning Process

This article was written to help readers understand the results of reading activities and the abilities and obstacles experienced by students during the learning process. understand the results of monitoring achievement activities and abilities and obstacles experienced by students during the learning process. Monitoring is the routine data collection and process of targeting program targets that emphasizes the process and core of change. program target-targeting process that emphasizes process and kernel changes. the quality of the services we purchase while also keeping an eye on our accounts of what is done.

Neuverteilung von Verantwortung? Brandschutzerziehung als Strategie zur Zukunftssicherung Freiwilliger Feuerwehren

Volunteer firefighters are an established institution in many rural areas across Europe. In spite of this ubiquity, many volunteer brigades have been increasingly facing challenges in discharging their functions. Issues such as undertaking necessary investments, and ensuring daytime availability have become particularly critical against the backdrop of an increase in the number of interventions. Many of the measures intended to futureproof volunteer firefighting are based on transferring responsibility to different actors. To this end developing and expanding the reach of fire safety education functions to enhance the public’s prevention and self-protection skills. The aim of this paper is to explore the process of institutional change induced by innovative initiatives, which aim to advance fire safety education. For the study, we draw on empirical research, which follows the development and mainstreaming of two projects in Austria and Germany. These initiatives aim to standardise disparate approaches and are underpinned by new forms of multi-level cooperation. Our inductive analysis identifies five key steps which define the successful long-term implementation of projects in coproduced services of general interest. We conclude with observations on the redistribution of responsibility for fire services and hazard prevention in contemporary societies.

Der demografische Wandel im Wandel

Abstract The assumptions underlying the German Federal Statistical Office’s population projections have evolved, resulting in a moderate increase in the old-age dependency ratio. Previous scenarios anticipated larger gains in life expectancy, leading to demographic aging. However, consistently heightened migration patterns have counteracted the projections. The dual aging process in demographic change has now transformed into a triple demographic transformation, which may have fiscal implications beyond demographic aging.

Climate transformation through feminist ethics of care

Aiming to mitigate negative impacts of climate change, climate adaptation policy and practice increasingly engages with nuanced and differentiated impacts of climate change. Existing adaptation approaches and research informing them largely focus on outcomes of climactic events, but lack consideration of power structures shaping these phenomena and experiences of them. From a feminist peace perspective, I posit that tackling intersectional violences of climate change necessitates greater engagement with underlying knowledge. This paper explores how ways of knowing climate change impact ways of living with it: analyzing the ground on which climate action interventions stand and the paths on which they set us.I theorize ‘climate transformation’ as processual shifts in ways of knowing a problem and solution toward norms of a feminist peace. Theory is developed abductively, based on original fieldwork in Puerto Rico and drawing on conflict transformation theory and elaborating knowledge production through feminist ethics of care. The model developed here enables analyzing orientations of current situations and change processes in relation to desirable futures. I find that actors involved in peace work and climate action in Puerto Rico foster transformation based on: caring in current relations and experience; caring through change processes affectively and reciprocally; and caring for a vision of the future through prefigurative and historicized imagination. The framework advances academic study and policy development on transformative climate action for tackling historic and intersectional violences to influence and enact particular visions of peace.

The Impact of Leadership on School Organizations: Network Analysis Approach to Systematic Review of Literature on Teaching and Learning International Survey

The purpose of this study is to review the literature on the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) for the past 10 years to identify multiple paths through which school leadership exerted influences on school organizations and organizational outcomes. Our analysis of a network, consisting of 83 nodes (variables) and 242 variable ties from 29 reviewed studies identified four emergent themes. Reviewed studies (1) overwhelmingly framed the principal as the driver and teachers as the target of change; (2) suggested nine core variables (e.g., instructional leadership) to play central roles within the reviewed studies; (3) depicted student academic achievement as a function of the principal’s instructional leadership and their job satisfaction influenced by school context, principal qualification, and organizational conditions (e.g., respect for others); and (4) suggested teacher self-efficacy as the potential bridging variable between multiple change processes. The discussion includes implications for school leadership and future research.

Five pathways into one profession: Fifty years of debate on differentiated nursing practice.

The persistence of multiple educational pathways into the nursing profession continues to occupy scholars internationally. In the Netherlands, various groups within the Dutch healthcare sector have tried to differentiate nursing practice on the basis of educational backgrounds for over 50 years. Proponents argue that such reforms are needed to retain bachelor-trained nurses, improve quality of care and strengthen nurses' position in the sector. Opponents have actively resisted reforms because they would mainly benefit bachelor-trained nurses and neglect practical experience and technical skills. This historical case study aims to provide insight in this apparent stalemate. Our analysis of this debate is informed by literature on institutional work and current debates within the historiography of nursing. This study contributes to a better understanding of this contemporary debate by examining a broader timeframe than is usually studied, and by highlighting nurses' roles in complex processes of change. We argue that, rather than being stuck in their professional development, different groups of nurses have forged their own path forward in their professional development, albeit via different strategies.

Enhancing Financial Technology Operations: A Comprehensive Evaluation Using COBIT 2019 Framework

This research aims to enhance information technology (IT) governance in a financial technology company by focusing on peer-to-peer lending services. The main challenges faced by the company involve a lack of system design details, leading to post-implementation imperfections and negative impacts on business process performance, including unnecessary delays and adjustments. The lack of transparency in system evaluation is also a hindrance caused by incomplete recording of test results. Therefore, this research aims to address these challenges by utilizing the COBIT 2019 framework. The study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing data obtained through interviews and literature studies supported by the COBIT Tool Kit. The analysis is conducted on three main objectives: security management, solution identification, and IT change management, to identify disparities between the current status and desired targets. The analysis results highlight the need for improvements in specific aspects, including the lack of system design details, more precise information in the change process, and deficiencies in recording test results. Recommendations for improvement involve the development of more detailed guidelines for system design, enhanced documentation of changes, and improvements in testing instructions and result reporting. Additionally, recommendations focus on enhancing capabilities through proactive evaluation, refining security plans, developing more adaptive solution acquisition strategies, and improving testing practices. Thus, this research underscores the importance of strategic improvements within the IT and Information Systems governance framework to shape a more effective and transparent operational environment in Financial Technology companies.

Human Understanding and Perception of Unanticipated Robot Action in the Context of Physical Interaction

Anticipating a future scenario where the robot initiates its own actions and behaves voluntarily when collaborating with humans, our research focuses on human understanding and perception of unanticipated robot actions during physical human-robot interaction. While the current literature searches for key factors that make the human-robot collaboration successful, the question of how people experience the robot’s unanticipated action as cooperative or uncooperative seems to remain open. We designed a game-based experiment (N = 35) where the participant played a “catch-falling-coins” game by moving a robotic arm. Our experiment introduced unanticipated robot actions in an “active session” where the robot targeted higher-valued coins without first informing the participants. Through semi-structured interviews and statistical analysis of questionnaires (Big Five Personality Test, SAM, NARS and CH33), we examined the participants’ understanding of the robot’s “intention” and their positive or negative perception of the robot as cooperative or uncooperative. Among the participants who understood that the robot’s “intention” was to catch the higher-valued coins, the majority of them reported a positive perception of the robot (cooperative or helpful) while this was not the case among those who did not understand the robot’s intention. We also observed relevant relationships between some personality traits and a person’s understanding of the robot’s intention. Qualitative analysis of the interviews allowed us to structure the process of perception change during the game into three phases: confusion, investigation, and adaptation. We believe that our research contributes to the study of human perception, and particularly to the relationship between a human’s understanding of unanticipated robot actions and their positive or negative perception of the robot.

Downscale Inversion of Soil Moisture during Vegetation Growth Period in Ebinur Lake Watershed

Soil moisture content is an important measure of soil health, and high-precision soil moisture trend analysis is essential for understanding regional ecological quality in the context of climate change, flood monitoring, and water cycle processes. However, in the arid regions of Central Asia, where data are severely lacking, obtaining high-spatial-resolution, continuous soil moisture data is difficult due to the scarcity of stations. Moreover, because soil moisture is easily affected by evaporation time, surface morphology, and anthropogenic factors, mature theoretical models or empirical or semiempirical models to measure soil moisture are also lacking. To investigate the distribution and trend of soil moisture in the Ebinur Lake water, in this study, microwave remote sensing and visible remote sensing data were selected as inputs, and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS-2.2) data products were downscaled using the GTWR model, which increased the spatial scale from 27,830 m × 27,830 m to 30 m × 30 m. The phenomena involved in the soil moisture change cycle, spatial distribution, temporal variation, and internal randomness distance were analyzed in the study area through wavelet analysis, Theil–Sen trend analysis, the Mann–Kendall (MK) test, and a variogram. This study obtained high-resolution continuous soil moisture data in the arid and data-scarce region in Central Asia, thus broadening the field of multisource remote sensing analysis and providing a theoretical basis for the construction of precision agriculture in northwest China.

Catalyzing Organizational Change for Equity in Graduate Education: A Case Study of Adopting Collective Impact in a College of Engineering

Graduate education in engineering is an extremely challenging, complex entity that is difficult to change. The purpose of this exploratory research paper was to investigate the applicability of the Collective Impact framework, which has been used within community organizing contexts, to organize the change efforts of a center focused on advancing equitable graduate education within engineering. We sought to understand how the conditions of Collective Impact (i.e., common agenda, backbone organization, mutually reinforcing activities, shared measurement system, and continuous communication) could facilitate the organization of equity-focused change efforts across a college of engineering at a single institution. To achieve this, we took an action research approach. We found the Collective Impact framework to be a useful tool for organizing cross-sectional partnerships to facilitate equity-focused change in graduate education; we also found the five conditions of Collective Impact to be applicable to the higher education context, with some intentional considerations and modifications. Through coordinated efforts, the Collective Impact framework can support the goal of reorienting existing decentralized structures, resource flows, and decision processes to foster bottom-up and top-down change processes to advance equitable support for graduate students.

Flexible in Curriculum to Meet the Objectives of the Program of the Institution

The curriculum planning must be adaptable to the particular needs of an educational institution. It must also be responsive to social and technological changes and meet learner’s needs arising from that change process. In particular, it must encourage effective use of new technologies as tools of learning. While students must have a large amount of flexibility in choosing their individual curricula, certain subjects, skills, and capacities should be learned by all students to become good, successful, innovative, adaptable, and productive human beings in today’s rapidly changing world.Curriculum flexibility means adopting different designs for learning to help make learning more meaningful for 21st-century learners. Some practices in education have become outmoded, and learning experiences should be redesigned to be more relevant to student interests, abilities, and cultures. An additional challenge is that with a more diverse population of students who have a broad range of abilities, innovations must be linked to curriculum goals as well as being challenging and differentiated to provide for an array of learning experiences.

Analysis of cold island effect in city parks from the perspectives of maximum and cumulative values – a case study of Xi'an City

The continuous process of urbanization and climate change has led to severe urban heat island (UHI) effects. Constructing parks with cooling capabilities is considered an effective measure to alleviate UHI effects. However, most studies only quantify the cooling effect from a maximum value perspective, lacking a measure of temperature diffusion in space. This study combines the perspectives of maximum value and accumulation to define a cold island index, quantifying the cooling effect of 40 urban parks in the main urban area of Xi'an city. The results show that, on average, urban parks can reduce the surrounding environment by approximately 2.3℃, with a cooling range of about 127.1ha, which is three times the park area. Different factors drive the measurement of the cooling effect using different cold island indexes, but all indexes are highly correlated with green space area. There are significant differences in the cooling effect among different types of parks, and overall, ecological parks have the best cooling effect. The directional spread of internal cold islands in parks is most related to park shape, while external spread is related to surrounding green spaces. The research results have practical value in the construction of parks with cooling effects and the sustainable development of cities in urban planning processes..

Bɪt] by [bɪʔ]: Variation in T-glottaling in Scottish Standard English

Abstract The present study investigates internal and external constraints conditioning variable T-glottaling, the realization of the voiceless alveolar stop /t/ as a glottal stop [ʔ], in supraregional Scottish Standard English. Drawing on phonemically annotated speech data from the Scottish component of the International Corpus of English, a total of 12,162 /t/ tokens produced by 138 speakers were extracted from eight formal speaking categories in the corpus and analyzed auditorily. The results showed that about 28% of the analyzed /t/ tokens were produced as glottal stops, with significant inter- and intra-speaker variability. The realization of T-glottaling is subject to both linguistic (phonetic context and word type) and social factors (age, gender, and speech style). Moreover, patterns of various types of T-glottaling differ from each other and constitute distinctive processes of ongoing sound change in Scotland.