Name Change Research Articles

“Who Cancelled Lee Highway?”: Expressions of White Racial Frames and Counterframes on Nextdoor

In July of 2021, the Arlington County Board, just outside of Washington, DC, voted to change a major thoroughfare – previously known as Lee Highway – to Langston Boulevard. Despite this well-publicized and openly debated name change, the sight of the new road caused an uproar on the neighborhood social media site, Nextdoor. While social media sites have been central to the mobilization efforts of racial justice activists, these same sites are also often fundamental to a growing and more visible community of white supremacists. This study focuses on the ways in which geographic proximity, through the social media site Nextdoor, constructs community-based expressions of racial justice and whiteness. Using the 151 posts and responses that were published on Nextdoor the day after the street name change in a neighborhood in Arlington, VA, this study analyses how a primarily white, upper-class neighborhood publicly communicates its understanding of race and racial justice. This study was grounded in Feagin’s (2020) concept of the white racial frame, an overarching white worldview dominant in the Global North that embraces a broad and persisting set of racial stereotypes and ideologies. Findings suggest community members engaged in equal numbers in white racial frames and counterframes. Within the white racial frames, community members used whiteness as virtuousness and non-whiteness as unvirtuous, while counter-frames primarily relied on unveiling the white racial frames used. These findings indicate the ways in which social media as a form of communication works to reinforce existing spatial hierarchies while also reimagining community participation.

A Study on the Systematic Changes in Vocational High School Beauty Departments Reflected in the National Curriculum

This study was conducted to analyze and examine the general guidelines of the national curriculum presented at the national level and to propose development strategies for enhanced beauty education. For the study, the curriculum documents were collected and analyzed according to the revision periods, from the 1st period to the 2022 revised curriculum, through the National Law Information Center and the National Curriculum Information Center website The analysis revealed that vocational high schools, which are secondary vocational education institutions, underwent a name change from “industrial high schools” to “specialized high schools” and then to “specialized vocational high schools.” In the context of establishing beauty departments within the specialized subjects, the term “specialized subjects” was first used during the 2nd period. Starting from the 7th period, the beauty department was established within the specialized subjects. Before the introduction of specialized subjects, It was part of the home economics curriculum. The period after the 7th revision was identified as the time when the beauty department and beauty subjects became more structured. During the 1st period, vocational high schools had five main fields: agriculture, industry, commerce, fisheries, and home economics. In the 2009 revision, these fields were reorganized into vocational home economics, agricultural and life sciences, commercial information, and fisheries and shipping. By the 2015 and 2022 revisions, the fields were further divided into 17 subject groups. During the 2007 and 2009 revisions, the subjects of hair beauty, skin care, and makeup were established. Starting from the 2015 revision, the subject name changed from skin care to skin beauty, and nail beauty was introduced as a new subject. Additionally, with the distinction of theory and practical courses under the names “common subjects,” “basic subjects,” and “practical subjects,” the curriculum for beauty programs became more systematic and structured. In the sociocultural context, it is important to understand how the role of vocational education is changing and to identify any issues. Feedback on these aspects should be incorporated into the curriculum.

The fossil vertebrate primary type specimens in the collection of the University of Otago Department of Geology

ABSTRACT The 47 vertebrate type specimens held in the University of Otago Geology Department are catalogued in detail. A short history of the collection is followed by lists of the type specimens under the Classes Actinopterygii, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia. A fish trace-fossil is included at the end of the Actinopterygii. Where appropriate, the name changes of the genus or species are given in chronological order. The specimens are briefly described, locality and geological age information is provided.

The name as a speech act

Drawing on the philosophy of language and anthroponymy, we aim to outline a theory of proper names, deliberately sidestepping conventional perspectives, which we have systematically addressed in previous instances. Articulating a distinctive viewpoint, grounded in the established connotations of the anthroponym (most notably its characterization as a rigid designator), we aim to demonstrate that names function as any linguistic sign, not deprived of any of its dimensions. We will also consider situations involving name changes, whether undertaken with the consent of the bearer or independently of their will. To the best of our current knowledge, the examination of proper names as speech acts has not received substantial attention in past or contemporary studies; hence, we will allocate appropriate attention to it. Furthermore, our investigation will encompass discussions on unconventional anthroponyms, addressing them as a key facet of our current research agenda.

Regional Approach to Boosting Local Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Capacity: A Critique of the East African Community Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plan of Action

Abstract The East African Community (EAC) has had a chequered history, evidenced by multiple changes of names and objectives, and a hiatus lasting more than two decades following a collapse in 1977. It was resuscitated in 1999 by its founding members (Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya). That four other partner states have since joined is a clear testament to the effectiveness of its overhaul. The community is regulated by the EAC Treaty which promotes collective actions in several areas of mutual interests. Plagued by an ongoing access-to-medicines conundrum, EAC governments have considered collective action as recommended by the Treaty. This effort began around the 2010s when policy measures aimed at exploring collective solutions were adopted with a view to replacing reliance on importation and external drug donation with a gradually developed regional pharmaceutical production capacity. EAC policies such as the Policy/Protocol on TRIPS Flexibilities, the Medicines Registration Harmonisation Initiative, the Draft Anti-Counterfeit Policy, and a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plan of Action (EAC PMP) have since been developed to achieve this ambitious goal. Using both doctrinal and empirical (semi-structured interviews) methods, this paper examines the EAC PMP – the ‘be all’ of the policies. The priority actions outlined under the plan’s six pillars and presented as a bankable pathway to self-sufficiency in pharmaceutical production are critiqued. The paper finds considerable implementation of the drug harmonisation theme, while the others (leveraging TRIPS flexibilities, ensuring coherence, and boosting research and development and technology transfer) remain largely unimplemented.

Fri rørsle for namn?

Combining autoethnographic methods with close observation of the use of personal names in identity documents, this article considers affective dimensions of personal names. Focusing especially on psychological aspects behind a decision made by the author at a young age to change his first name, the article suggests that Carl Rogers’ concept of conditions of worth offers insights into personal naming practices, while the notion of incongruence provides a useful framework for understanding some typical reasons for changing a name. The author proposes onomastic dysphoria as a term to encapsulate the extreme mismatch that an individual may experience between their own name and their self-concept. Analysing the bureaucratic implications of the name change and a subsequent naturalisation application, the article makes a case for free movement of names at an international level.

Change of the Constitutional Name of the Macedonian State and its Consequences for the Macedonians

The aim of this article is to show the complex situation of the Macedonian state and the Macedonians related to the change of the constitutional name of the country caused by Greek expectations and pressure. The article describes the consequences of the change of the constitutional name of the Republic of Macedonia. It goes on to present the analysis of the agreement between governments of the Republic of Macedonia and the Republic of Greece from 2018 year. The aim is to answer the research questions: How the agreement between Macedonian and Greek authorities influenced the situation of the Macedonians? Did the agreement have an impact on the crucial elements of the Macedonian national identity?

The main aspects of militia reorganisation in the early 1960s

The article highlights the main directions of militia transformation after the 1962 reorganisation of the republican Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR into the republican Ministry of Public Order Protection of the USSR. This transformation was not a simple change of name of this institution and its local bodies. This transformation was in line with the political and ideological views of the then leadership of the state. In fact, it was a change in the concept of law enforcement. According to the leaders of the state, in the context of the “widespread construction of communism”, the main task of the militia was to protect public order with the support of the active part of the population. It was unreasonably believed that crime in the country would steadily decrease, so the scope of militia activities in this area would be less than before. It also envisaged a weakening of the punitive function of the state, less use of violence, and an emphasis on raising the cultural level of militia officers and the population. At the same time, the role of the militia in conducting preliminary investigations was increased, which indicated that the functions of the militia in combating crime were somewhat expanded. The main tasks of the Ministry of Public Order of the Ukrainian SSR are revealed: ensuring public order, preventing and solving crimes. The article shows how the following main methods of improving the work of the militia were implemented: strengthening control over the lives of militia officers outside of working hours; holding cultural and sports events, political agitation and propaganda; and individual training activities. The sphere of activity of the State Automobile Inspection was clarified and specified, which had a generally positive impact on improving road safety. Certain steps towards democratisation of the militia taken at this time did not mean that the Communist Party’s control over this body was weakened. The legal regulation of law enforcement activities remained, as before, entirely within the purview of the Communist Party and its local representatives.

Student Resources and Retention Among Transgender and Nonbinary College Students

ABSTRACTTransgender and nonbinary (TNB) college students are more likely to drop out of college than their cisgender peers. While robust previous literature has focused on individually experienced stressors, this paper looks at the structural supports offered by the institution. One hundred and fifty‐four TNB college students were asked about the resources available on their campuses, their sense of safety on campus, and whether they intended to drop out of college. Campus resources and supports were associated with a greater sense of safety, and in turn, less of a desire to drop out of college. Some resources such as a nondiscrimination policy that includes gender identity, LGBTQ+ student organizations, all‐gender bathrooms, an LGBTQ+ resource center, and a policy allowing nonlegal name changes on official documents were more frequently reported by participants as available, while other resources such as gender inclusive housing and appropriate health services were perceived as less available. However, there was wide variability in the availability of resources. The present study suggests that TNB inclusion policies and practices should be of high priority for higher education institutions.

How ethnic name variations influence data linkage results: A population level study using public voter databases

ObjectivesIt has been shown that record linkage methods can induce bias in resulting datasets since the linkage quality may differ between ethno-racial groups. In this project, we used publicly available voter databases to investigate whether ethno-racial attributes can influence the similarities calculated using approximate string comparison functions on voters' names. ApproachWe used 11 annual snapshots of a publicly available US voter database between 2011 and 2021 with uniquely identifiable voter data. We extracted pairs of the same voter’s first and last name values from two consecutive snapshots where these values differ. We calculated string similarities and created similarity histograms for each of the available ethno-racial categories, and other sociodemographics variables such as gender and age. We characterized common patterns of name disagreements by ethno-racial groups and compared the shapes of these histograms using cumulative density distributions. Preliminary ResultsAcross the 10 snapshot pairs, eligible voters with non-missing first and last names are included (N2011/2012 = 6,193,001, N2020/2021 = 7,852,763), describing 124,009 first name changes and 485,807 last name changes. Results will be presented as a series of density plots. Using Jaro-Winkler similarity scores of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 as threshold, we examined whether match rates differ by ethno-racial categories. Conclusions and ImplicationsUsing the same string similarity function on names of individuals of different ethno-racial groups may lead to different distributions of the resulting similarity values. Understanding the patterns of ethno-racial-based name changes in your particular dataset is crucial on selecting linkage parameters that would minimise ethno-racial bias.

O DIREITO À IDENTIDADE DE GÊNERO E O USO DO NOME SOCIAL: UM COMPARATIVO BRASIL E ARGENTINA

The study aims to compare the legal frameworks of Brazil and Argentina regarding the right to gender identity and the use of a preferred name. The methodology employed consisted of a bibliographic review, consulting books, journals, articles, legal doctrine, and case law to provide the necessary foundation for the development of this study. The conclusion of this comparative analysis on the right to gender identity and the use of a preferred name in Brazil and Argentina highlights significant progress, particularly in Argentine legislation, which has proven to be more progressive and inclusive. Argentina’s Gender Identity Law, enacted in 2012, stands as a milestone in guaranteeing rights for trans individuals, allowing for the change of name and gender on official documents without the need for judicial authorization or medical diagnoses, thus ensuring greater autonomy and dignity for individuals. In Brazil, while the use of a preferred name has advanced, especially with the CNJ Resolution No. 270 and the 2018 Supreme Court decision recognizing the right to amend name and gender without surgery, challenges remain. The lack of comprehensive legislation, like Argentina’s, creates legal uncertainties and inequalities in accessing these rights. Moreover, cultural and social barriers persist, hindering the full acceptance and respect for preferred names and gender identity in everyday life.

A quantitative study of vocabulary categorization and reuse in the LIS field linked data

PurposeExploring diverse knowledge organization systems and metadata schemes in linked data, aiming to promote vocabulary usability and high-quality linked data creation within the LIS field.Design/methodology/approachWe used content analysis to select 77 articles from 13 library and information science journals around our research theme. We identified four dimensions: vocabularies participation, reuse, functions, and naming variations in linked data.FindingsThe vocabulary comprises seven main categories and their corresponding 126 vocabularies, which participate in linked data in single, two, and multiple dimensions. These vocabularies are used in the eight LIS subfields. Reusing vocabularies has become integral to linked data publishing, with six categories and their corresponding 66 vocabularies being reused. Ontologies are the most engaged and widely reused category of vocabulary in linked data practice. The mutual support among the three major categories and seven subfunctions of vocabulary promotes the sustainable development of linked data. Under a combination of factors, the phenomenon of terminology name changes and cross-usage between “vocabulary” and “ontology.”Research limitations/implicationsThis study has limitations. Although 77 articles on the topic of vocabularies applied in linked data were analyzed and presented with quantitative statistics and visualizations, the exploration of the topic tends to be a practical activity, with limited presence in scholarly articles. Moreover, this study’s analysis of the practical applications of linked data is relatively limited, and the sample literature focused on articles published in English, which may have affected the diversity and inclusiveness of the research sample.Practical implicationsPractically, this study does not confine the application of content analysis solely to the traditional exploration of knowledge organization topics, development trends, or course content. Instead, it integrates the dual perspectives of linked data and vocabularies, employing content analysis to analyze and objectively reveal the application issues of vocabularies in linked data. The conclusions can provide specific guidelines for future applications of vocabularies in the LIS subfields and contribute to promoting interoperability of vocabularies.Social implicationsThis research explores the relationship between linked data and vocabularies, highlighting the diverse manifestations and challenges of vocabularies in linked data. It provides theoretical references for the construction and further development of vocabularies considering technologies such as linked data, drawing attention to the potential and existing issues associated with linked open data vocabularies.Originality/valueThis study extends the application of content analysis to exploring vocabularies, especially Knowledge Organization Systems and metadata schemes in the LIS field linked data, highlighting the mutually beneficial interactions between linked data and vocabularies. It provides guidance for future vocabularies applications in the LIS field and offers insights into vocabularies construction and the healthy development of linked data ecosystems in the era of information technology.

Stigma in steatotic liver disease: A survey of patients from Saudi Arabia.

A recent name change of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease was primarily driven by potential stigma associated with the terminology. This stigma can be different between patients and healthcare providers and differ according to geographic regions of the world. Our aim was to better understand stigma and disease burden among patients with NAFLD enrolled in the global survey from Saudi Arabia (SA). Members of the Global NASH Council created a 68-item survey about patients' experience with NAFLD, covering history of stigmatization and discrimination due to the disease, various aspects of the disease burden [(Liver Disease Burden (LDB), 35 items, 7 domains], and perception of various diagnostic terms for NAFLD. Patients whose country of residence was SA were asked to complete the survey. The survey was completed by 804 patients with NAFLD from SA. Of all enrolled patients, 17% ever disclosed having NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to family/friends. The most commonly used term for the disease was "fatty liver" (96% used it at least sometimes, 79% frequently or always). There were 3.7% who reported experiencing stigma or discrimination (at least sometimes) due to obesity/overweight versus only 2.7% due to NAFLD. Female patients reported a history of stigmatization or discrimination more frequently than males: 5.9% versus 3.0% due to obesity ( P = 0.06) and 5.4% versus 1.8% due to NAFLD ( P = 0.01). There were 43% of patients who reported ever missing or avoiding a visit to a primary care provider due to NAFLD (48% male vs 28% female, P < 0.0001). The greatest social-emotional burden among patients with NAFLD (by LDB) was being or being identified as a person with liver disease (10% agree, 4% male vs 26% female) and feeling like they could not do anything about their liver disease (6.4% agree, 3% male vs 16% female). Regarding how patients perceived diagnostic terms, there were no substantial differences between "fatty liver disease", "NAFLD", "NASH", and "MAFLD". Stigmatization in terms of disease burden, disease-related stigma, and perception of various diagnostic terms are rarely observed in patients with NAFLD in SA. In comparison to male patients, female patients with NAFLD reported more commonly a history of stigmatization and discrimination and a significantly greater disease burden. The findings will help inform policymakers to develop programs to increase awareness and provide education about stigma related to NAFLD.

중세 유럽 대학의 운영과 조선후기 서원의 경제 운영 - 이탈리아 볼로냐 대학과 상주 옥동서원을 중심으로

There is a prevailing agreement among academic experts that medieval universities in Europe underwent a transformation from parochial and monastic schools to institutions recognized as universities during the 11th or 12th century. However, the date of the university's founding is less clear, due to a lack of empirical evidence. This is because early European medieval universities were not established by royal or ecclesiastical decree, but rather slowly developed out of the existing parochial or monastic school system. Furthermore, the understanding of higher education at the University of Bologna in Italy, University of Paris, and University of Oxford during this era differed from the contemporary notion of a university, referred to as a studium or studium generale. The studium functioned as a “studium generale,” gathering students from various regions, rather than the modern concept of a “universal study center” in universities today. The universities founded in the late 12th century were perceived as distinctively European institutions, lacking direct connections to Greek, Roman, Byzantine, or Arab educational traditions. This indicates that prior to the Middle Ages, universities as institutions comprising professors and students with specific privileges, including administrative independence, curriculum development and implementation, and degree conferral, had no precedent elsewhere in Europe. Many academic studies have found that medieval universities in Europe emerged and developed in a distinctive manner. The origins of medieval universities in Korean history can be traced back to the state-sponsored establishment and operation of Taehak and Gukhak in ancient society. These institutions were passed down and evolved into Gukjagam (國子監) during the medieval Goryeo Dynasty. The Gukjagam underwent several name changes, becoming Gukhak in 1275(King Chongryeol's first year), Sungkyunkam(成均監) in 1298, Sungkyunkwan(成均館) in 1308, respectively, and undergoing subsequent renamings until it was succeeded by Sungkyunkwan following the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty. In the early Joseon Dynasty, the state promoted the policy of Sungkyunkwan and Sahak(四 學)in the central capital, and Hyanggyo(鄕校) in the provinces, which greatly encouraged the growth of learning, with Confucianism as a national policy. However, as the hall of higher education in the Joseon Dynasty, Sungkyunkwan, which was responsible for academic education and the recruitment of officials, began to show its limitations in the late Joseon Dynasty due to the decline in the quality of its instructors and the induction of students into the dutiful ranks of the royal army(忠順衛). The decline of the governmental school(官學) became a factor in the emergence and growth of private schools(私學). Many students chose to leave the governmental school to pursue their studies in the private schools, and the purpose of the private schools was to promote education based on the political ideology of learning of way(道學), rather than to promote education as a means of promoting to educate officials. In addition, if the main cause of the decline of governmental education was the lack of academic virtue of professors, private schools were opened with the power of teachers and scholars who had both academic virtue and scholarship, and were able to grow rapidly.

How do Militant Organizations Respond to Counterterrorism? Introducing the LIVE Typology, with Examples from Proscription in Pakistan

ABSTRACT How do militant organizations respond to counterterrorism? A vast literature seeks to understand the effects of counterterrorism, examining outcomes such as levels of violence. However, violence is only one way that militant groups can respond to pressure. We focus on terrorist designation or proscription, the sanctions many states and international organizations impose on militants as an attempt to weaken them. We introduce a new typology of armed group responses to counterterrorism: (L)egal tactics like lawsuits or petitions, (I)dentity shifts like name changes or fragmentation, (V)iolence increases or decreases, and (E)conomic or financial tactics such as changing funding sources. These four approaches can be summarized by the acronym LIVE. Empirically, we illustrate the model with examples from the case of militant organizations in Pakistan, an important and under-studied case. Overall, the LIVE typology can be helpful for anticipating the repertoire of responses to counterterrorism, and for explaining armed group behavior generally.

An integrative approach to the delineation of locally endemic species: A case study of Vitis baihuashanensis (Vitaceae) and its implication for conservation management

Species definition and classification have long been the subject of controversy, and name changes can often be a source of frustration for both conservationists and the public. Vitis baihuashanensis is a critically endangered grapevine endemic to Beijing with only two remaining wild individuals. Although formerly treated as a synonym of V. amurensis, it was later listed in the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (LNKPWP) in 2021. Here, we evaluated the taxonomic identity of V. baihuashanensis based on phylogenomic inference and population genetic analysis, and tested the species boundaries under various major species concepts (biological, morphological, ecological, phylogenetic, and integrative species concepts). Phylogenetic inference revealed that the amurensis-baihuashanensis clade was monophyletic, samples of V. baihuashanensis nested within the V. amurensis node. Population genetic analysis demonstrated that V. baihuashanensis samples clustered with V. amurensis. Our findings from field observations, morphological comparisons, pollination experiments, and genetic analyses indicate that V. baihuashanensis and V. amurensis are the same species under the integrative species concept, and support the synonymy of V. baihuashanensis under V. amurensis. Given that V. baihuashanensis was listed in the LNKPWP, we suggest that it be removed in the next update of the list because of limited financial resources. Nevertheless, the two wild individuals deserve conservation attention because of their distinct leaf characteristics and potential of cold tolerance, which could have important applications in the horticulture and grape industries. Our study provides multiple lines of evidence for clarifying the identity of a taxonomically questionable species, as well as valuable suggestion with conservation and management implications.

Gateway to Dignity: Legal Name Changes for Transgender People in the United States

ABSTRACT Since the 1960s, trans people in the United States have been petitioning courts for name changes and sex marker corrections. If, under English common law everyone has the right to change their name at will without legal procedure by simply adopting a new name, why do trans people bother to change their names through formal legal procedures? This article investigates that question through interviews with trans people around the United States who had legally changed their name as well as lawyers and advocates who assisted trans people in this process, many of whom were trans-identified. Participants reported that without a legal name change, trans people face regular challenges to their dignity. Therefore, I argue that legal name changes are a gateway to dignity by assisting trans people with establishing self-worth and facilitating respectful interactions. While participants stressed that everyone should be entitled to have their chosen name respected, when that dignity is not extended, law can be a powerful tool. Court orders reflecting a name change communicate with the force of law what is the correct name for a person.

Historical Changes, Contemporary Characteristics, and Five Transformations of Environmental Design in China

Starting from the characteristics of modernization in three different historical stages since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, this paper analyses the internal changes in the professional name, subordinate disciplines and categories, and professional mission of the environmental design profession, and summarizes the changes in the characteristics of the environmental design profession in 10 aspects such as subordinate disciplines, design objects, design types, cultural characteristics, and aesthetic values on the basis of the results of the analysis, and explores five transformations of the environmental design profession in the process of China’s development in the future. The five transformations in the future development of China are to serve the harmony and beauty of the three major urban and rural spaces with “small and micro-renewal and reconstruction”; to serve the transmission of Chinese culture and the spread of Chinese civilization with “spatial heritage and innovation”; to serve the balance and sufficiency of the four functions of urban and rural settlements with “friendliness and equilibrium”; to serve the intelligence, wisdom, and enjoyment of indoor and outdoor living environment space with “scientific and technological achievements”; and to serve the co-construction, co-management, and sharing of indoor and outdoor public space in urban and rural areas with “public participation.”

PHÁT TRIỂN NĂNG LỰC TỔ CHỨC HOẠT ĐỘNG TRẢI NGHIỆM CHO SINH VIÊN SƯ PHẠM

The 2018 General Education Curriculum identifies experience and career-oriented as compulsory educational activities carried out from grade one to grade twelve. These activities replace extracurricular activities, but with changes in name, objectives, content, methods, and regulations for testing and evaluating outcomes. This raises the question of what measures teacher training institutions need to take to develop the competency of organizing experiential activities for pre-service teachers, ensuring they meet practical requirements immediately after graduation. By examining curriculum documents and drawing on practical research results, this article proposes measures to develop the competency of organizing experiential activities for pre-service teachers during their training. The proposed measures emphasize integrating and embedding the development of this competency through the teaching of specialized subjects, pedagogical subjects, and Youth Union activities. Keywords: Experiential activities; competency in organizing experiential activities; competency development; pre-service teachers.

Less Politicised – (Not) More persistent? Longitudinal study of street name change in Kyiv, Ukraine

Less Politicised – (Not) More persistent? Longitudinal study of street name change in Kyiv, Ukraine