Constant Change Research Articles

Optimizing proactive content caching with mobility aware deep reinforcement & asynchronous federate learning in VEC

Edge caching in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) can reduce backhaul strain and content access delay. However, due to the constant changes in vehicle requests, offloading applications to edge servers is crucial for efficiently anticipating and caching popular content. Additionally, conventional data-sharing techniques are inadequate for this task due to their inability to preserve the privacy of vehicular users (VU). To overcome these issues, we propose a cooperative proactive content caching system incorporating Asynchronous federated learning and Deep reinforcement learning named PCAD that leverages the strengths of Dueling Deep Q-Networks and Prioritized Experience Replay in vehicular edge computing. PCAD lowers the latency of content access by prefetching contents that are popular beforehand caching them on edge nodes and cutting the waiting time for every vehicle to complete training as well as uploading local models before updating the global model. Additionally, we investigate intelligent caching decisions based on content prediction. Comprehensive experimental evaluations indicate that our proposed approach significantly outperforms existing benchmark caching techniques. More specifically, our suggested approach works better than DDQN, c-ϵ-greedy, and PCAD without DRL methods and the cache hit rate improves by approximately 4.25%, 11.23%, and 25.82%, respectively, as the cache capacity hits 400 MB.

Navigating the Storm: Career Strategies for Today's Tumultuous Work Environment

This article provides a strategic framework to help professionals navigate their careers amid today's disruptive workplace dynamics. After outlining three primary challenges—technological disruption, economic uncertainty, and rapid organizational change—that are contributing to a more tumultuous work environment, the article introduces a career navigation model centered around developing advanced and transferable skills, cultivating a diverse professional network, establishing a strong personal brand, and prioritizing personal well-being. Examples from different industries illustrate how individuals can apply the recommended skills, networking, branding, and self-care strategies to proactively guide their career journeys through periods of turbulence. The goal is to equip professionals with research-backed guidance for strategically steering their own career paths during an era defined by disruptions, unpredictability and constant change in the world of work.

EDUCATIONAL INNOVATION TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON TEACHING THE PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE IN THE 8TH YEAR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION, IN A PUBLIC STATE SCHOOL IN MANAUS

This article aims to analyze the educational innovations developed by Portuguese language teachers in the final years of Elementary School, during the Covid 19 pandemic, and the difficulties faced by teachers in relation to the use of digital technologies in the pandemic context. In this sense, we developed qualitative research, of an exploratory nature, using as an instrument for data generation a form built, on the social network Whatsapp, for teachers from the state public network in the city of Manaus, capital of Amazonas. Furthermore, our analyzes point out the difficulties and innovations that teachers and students have suffered with the constant changes imposed by the remote teaching context with the coronavirus viral pandemic. The transformation scenario, caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, challenged both authorities and teachers in the public network of the state of Amazonas and, consequently, its capital Manaus, caused new reflections related to the use of digital educational resources to emerge in pedagogical planning. This research aims to analyze the educational innovations developed by Portuguese language teachers in Elementary School, during the Covid-19 pandemic. There was recurring concern among teachers, managers and pedagogues at all levels of education in the search for methods, techniques and activities capable of engaging students and promoting teaching appropriate to the online modality required. Despite the technological apparatus offered by the Department of Education and Sports, the joint action of students, parents and teachers, many challenges made teaching the Portuguese language difficult.

Design and Application of Modern Interior Design Style System Based on Unity3D

With the constant change of fashion trends, interior design styles are changing day by day. Based on Unity3D technology, this paper develops a system for modern interior-style design and application. Taking the residential interior as a case study, the interior style design is achieved through 3D modeling and texture rendering and then combined with the Unity3D engine to achieve scene roaming and interactive design. The system enables designers to express design concepts more intuitively and efficiently and also improves customer participation and satisfaction. Through the experience of designers and customers, the system is verified to have more practical value than traditional interior design solutions.

High thermal conductive and photothermal phase change material microcapsules via cellulose nanocrystal stabilized Pickering emulsion for solar harvesting and thermal energy storage

Phase change materials (PCMs) are promising for thermal energy storage due to their high latent enthalpy and constant phase change temperature. However, organic PCMs suffer from leaking, low thermal conductivity, and flammability. Herein, high thermal conductivity, photothermal and flame-proof docosane microcapsules with melamine-formaldehyde (MF) and polypyrrole (PPy) (C22-CMFP) were reported with cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) stabilized Pickering emulsion droplets as templates through in-situ polymerization. CNCs showed outstanding C22 Pickering emulsifying ability with the presence of NaCl and provided ideal templates for C22 microcapsules. The obtained C22-CMFP microcapsules displayed high enthalpy (205.7 J/g), C22 core ratio (86.1 %), and stability. The C22-CMFP microcapsules retained an outstanding enthalpy remaining ratio (98.9 %) after 100 times cooling/heating cycles and could tolerate 100 °C for 12 h without leaking due to the robust hybrid CMFP shell. PPy significantly improved the thermal conductivity and photothermal conversion efficiency of C22-CMFP microcapsules. The C22-CMFP microcapsules exhibited a high thermal conductivity of 0.683 W/(m·K). The maximum temperature of C22-CMFP microcapsules under light irradiation for 18 min was 60.4 °C. Moreover, C22-CMFP microcapsules showed superb flame-proof properties. This study provides a facile approach to fabricate high enthalpy, stable, thermal conductive, photothermal, and flame-proof PCM microcapsules for solar harvesting and thermal energy storage.

Design and numerical analysis of a modified core hexa–deca photonic crystal fiber for highly negative dispersion and birefringence control in optical communication bands

The paper presents a thorough investigation into the design of a Modified Core Hexa–Deca Photonic Crystal Fiber (MHD-PCF) with adjustable features to regulate dispersion and birefringence. At the target wavelength of 1550 nm, the suggested MHD-PCF exhibits extraordinary optical properties, including an ultra-high negative dispersion coefficient of − 7755 ps/(nm km) and significant birefringence of 1.905 × 10−2. The analysis entails regular changes in lattice constants and center air hole parameters, which provide insights into optical property trends. The MHD-PCF regularly exceeds existing benchmarks across a wide range of parameter adjustments. Notably, this fiber has strong nonlinearity (59.12 W−1 km−1) and low confinement loss (2.896 × 10−3 dB/cm), as well as an enhanced numerical aperture (0.5144), demonstrating its potential for efficient light coupling and supercontinuum production. These results put the Modified Core Hexa–Deca Photonic Crystal Fiber at the forefront of contemporary communication systems, and its optical enhancements and flexible features present exciting opportunities for novel Terahertz technology breakthroughs, especially in the areas of communication systems and sensing applications.

ADAPTATION OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS PARTICIPANTS TO DISTANCE EDUCATION DURING THE PERIOD OF MARTIAL STATUS

Problem statement. The forced change in the form of education in higher education, which was first caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and then by the introduction of martial law, requires all participants in the educational process to respond effectively to the emergence of new challenges. The process of adaptation to the forced transformation of the form of education is complex, both from the point of view of the technical possibilities of ensuring the quality of education, and from the point of view of the psycho-emotional state of students and teachers. It is impossible to create a comfortable educational environment without monitoring the needs of students. These needs are dynamic due to constant changes in the forms of education. Adaptation of students to new forms of education (without loss of quality) will depend on understanding their attitude to innovations in the organization of education and taking into account their opinion when planning further changes. Purpose of the article. Determining the attitude of students to the organization of education in a higher educational institution in the conditions of martial law, taking into account psychological aspects. Conclusion. The results of an online survey among students of higher education indicate the gradual adaptation of all participants in the educational process to various forms of education. In general, students are satisfied with conducting online classes according to the schedule (synchronous mode using the Zoom platform). From a psychological point of view, there are problems with concentration of attention when studying, associated with threats to health and life. The results of the survey indicate that more attention should be paid to psychological support. This can be done by offering students to study a separate elective discipline, which is aimed at obtaining skills to ensure personal protection during armed and/or informational aggression, or add to the list of mandatory topics for curatorial hours. In general, students positively evaluate the changes in the distance learning method that took place after its introduction since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. The majority of students are satisfied with the organization and conduct of education in a distance format. After the abolition of martial law in the country, the majority of master's students would choose distance learning, most bachelor's − mixed.

Assessing Salinity, Drought and High Temperature Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties: Theoretical Combination as Multifactorial Stress

ABSTRACTMaize and wheat are two important cereal crops for the food security of the world population. However, constant climate change and the intensification of anthropic activities have intensified the emergence of stressful environmental in the various agricultural production systems around the world. Therefore, in this study we evaluate the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, transpiration and grain yield of maize and wheat crops exposed to soil salinity, drought and high temperatures and determine the damage intensity of these stressing conditions and the theoretical multifactorial damage intensity. Field experiments were conducted during the 2022 and 2023 agricultural seasons in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. The treatments consisted of the cultivation of maize and wheat in three stressful production environments (soil salinity, drought and high temperatures) and a non‐stressful production environment (Control), with four repetitions. The tolerance and intensity index of abiotic stresses, as well as the intensity of theoretical multifactorial stress (salinity, drought and high temperatures), for morphological traits and grain yield, were calculated. The results reported that physiological traits and yield of maize and wheat are severely affected by drought stress conditions. High temperatures are the second abiotic stress factor that most limits physiological traits and grain yield of maize and wheat crops, being more harmful than soil salinity. The theoretical multifactorial stress has a greater negative impact on the yield of the elite maize and wheat varieties. The sum of a stressful environmental factor increases the intensity of multifactorial stress on grain yield of both cereal crops, especially for maize crop.

Transnational Identity and Humor in Bernardine Evaristo’s Mr Loverman

ABSTRACT Bernardine Evaristo’s Mr Loverman narrates the story of Barry, a closeted homosexual and an elderly Caribbean-born man who has been living in London for 50 years. Barry experiences an identity conflict due to the clash between his sexual orientation and the heteronormative norms of the Caribbean society. His sense of belonging to the Caribbean community constantly shifts because of his sexual identity affiliated with Western nation-states. This unravels his transnational identity since transnational identities are constantly positioned and repositioned in different national and/or cultural spaces. Barry’s humorous perspective, his jokes, and comic anecdotes dominate the narrative while intensifying and complicating his problematic sense of belonging. The constant change of the direction of Barry’s laughter which either targets the Caribbean or the non-heteronormative community enhances his transnational identity and compels the reconsideration of identity categories. In this sense, focusing on humor and Barry’s jokes in Mr Loverman, this study discusses that humor is employed to transgress the concept of identity by drawing attention to Barry’s transnational identity.

Retrograde Condensation in Gas Reservoirs from Microporous to Field-Scale Simulation

Hydrocarbon fields that contain non-associated gas, such as gas condensate, are highly valuable in terms of production. They yield significant amounts of condensate alongside the gas, but their unique behavior presents challenges. These reservoirs experience constant changes in composition and phases during production, which can lead to condensate blockage near wells. This blockage forms condensate bridges that hinder flow and potentially decrease gas production. To address these challenges, engineers rely on numerical simulation as a crucial tool to determine the most effective project management strategy for producing these reservoirs. In particular, relative permeability curves are used in these simulations to represent the physical phenomenon of interest. However, the representativeness of these curves in industry laboratory tests has limitations. To obtain more accurate inputs, simulations at the pore network level are performed. These simulations incorporate models that consider alterations in interfacial tension and flow velocity throughout the reservoir. The validation process involves reproducing a pore network flow simulation as close as possible to a commercial finite difference simulation. A scale-up methodology is then proposed, utilizing an optimization process to ensure fidelity to the original relative permeability curve at a microporous scale. This curve is obtained by simulating the condensation process in the reservoir phenomenologically, using a model that captures the dependence on velocity. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, three relative permeability curves are compared based on field-scale productivities and the evolution of condensate saturation near the wells. The results demonstrate that the methodology accurately captures the influence of condensation on well productivity compared to the relative permeability curve generated from laboratory tests, which assumes greater condensate mobility. This highlights the importance of incorporating more realistic inputs into numerical simulations to improve decision-making in project management strategies for reservoir development.

Research on the biomechanical characteristics of basketball player injuries and their application in sports rehabilitation

Basketball is a dynamic sport, characterized by fast moves, powerful hops, and constant changes in direction, which contributes to its great intensity and excitement. However, these same features elevate athletes to a risk of various types, which include the most common ones such as ligament tears, knee problems, and ankle sprains. The knowledge of the risk factors associated with particular movement patterns and environmental conditions is made possible by knowledge of the biomechanical qualities of these injuries is crucial if one has to develop effective preventive and rehabilitation strategies. The purpose of the study is to establish the biomechanical characteristics of basketball player injuries and their application in sports rehabilitation. The study proposed a novel Tunicate Swarm Optimized Flexible Extreme Boosting (TSO-FXGBoost) to predict the injuries of basketball players and their sports rehabilitation. Player’s motion data capture sessions utilize cameras and sensors to record their biomechanics during basketball activities. A Gaussian filter was employed to process the data to eliminate the noise present in the biomechanical data. Principal component analysis (PCA) served as a dimensionality reduction approach to extract relevant features from the pre-processed data. The results demonstrate that certain biomechanical features have a strong correlation with the occurrence of injuries, which indicates great potential in the strategies of prevention of injuries. In a comparative analysis, the suggested approach performs various assessment metrics such as accuracy (98%), recall (96.2%), precision (98.49%), and F1 score (97.8%). The suggested approach and rehabilitation strategies can be customized to each player’s unique biomechanical profile, improving rehabilitation times and lowering the risk of re-injury.

Effective practice of innovative leadership with constant changes in social and cultural norms in China

ABSTRACT Maintaining competitiveness is crucial for firms to survive with increasing global competition. One of the key elements for maintaining competitiveness is the development of innovative leadership. The dynamic business operations of firms require leadership capabilities in general, and innovative leadership capabilities in particular, for achieving long-term survivability. This research adopts a holistic approach to investigate multiple factors that influence firm innovation through the effective practice of innovative leadership with constant changes in social and cultural norms in China. We have based our research on observations of three case studies in China and in-depth interviews conducted with key informants. This study contributes to redefining innovative leaders and innovative leadership. We illustrate the contextual factors that influence the adoption and practices of innovative leadership. We also identify crucial aspects of the quality of leaders and the engagement between leaders and subordinates that determine the outcomes of implementing innovative leadership. These aspects influence firms’ innovative capabilities and the effective practice of innovative leadership in the transitional economy of contemporary China.

How Managers Experience Downsizing: Navigating among Professional, Loyal, Empathic, and Critical Positions

ABSTRACT Downsizing, a significant organizational change, is often entrusted to middle managers. These agents play a crucial role in navigating the complexities of downsizing, yet we know little about their downsizing experiences. In this study, our research question was: how do managers who have to lay off people experience downsizing. We used discourse analysis to describe what we refer to as ‘discursive positions’ adopted by downsizing agents in our interviews. Our research material comprises 21 interviews in a large Finnish manufacturing company that underwent a downsizing process. We show how 12 downsizing agents navigated among different discursive positions while serving many conflicting interests. The rationalistic positions of Professional and Loyal target the shareholders, other business professionals, and the employer. The position of Empathic addresses subordinates, and the position of Critical is directed at top management and human resource professionals. We show how discursive positions are divided into rational and emotional spheres and examine the strong tensions between them. It appears that middle managers apply several often-contradictory discursive positions, struggle with satisfying conflicting expectations from top management and from their subordinates, and use several coping methods. MAD statement A common challenge for change managers is that they are brought in only after a downsizing decision has already been made. Sustainable change management requires ongoing preparation for change, regardless of whether downsizing or restructuring is imminent. This proactive approach helps all stakeholders to respond responsibly when an urgent situation arises. It also reduces the need for abrupt action and prevents reactive, high-speed learning that often accompanies such crises. We recommend that companies establish a cross-functional change team to develop long-term personnel reduction strategies. While constant change is often celebrated in management, we argue that many organizations would benefit from maintaining a reasonable degree of stability.

Superconductivity in Ternary Germanite TaAl x Ge2-x with a C40 chiral structure

Abstract We report a new family of chiral intermetallic superconductors TaAl x Ge2-x . The mother compound TaGe2 has a C40-type chiral hexagonal crystal structure with a pair of enantiomorphic space groups of P6222 and P6422. By substituting Ge with Al, TaAl x Ge2-x polycrystals with the C40 structure were synthesized with Al substitution x from 0 to 0.8. Magnetic susceptibility, magnetization curves and electrical resistivity revealed that TaAl x Ge2-x with x of 0.2 to 0.4 was a type-II superconductor with a superconducting transition temperature T c of 2.0 to 2.2 K. The superconductivity disappeared at with x less than 0.2 or was largely suppressed at with x of 0.5 or more, although all the measurements were performed at temperatures above 1.8 K. An emergence of superconductivity is discussed in terms of the lattice constants changes with the Al substitution.

Sociological education in Russia: content diversity and institutional limitations

Sociological education in Russia continues to develop under the conditions of constant changes occurring both on its external contour and within the sociological educational community. Statistical data allow us to assert that the decline in SCC and the number of students has stopped in the last five years; moreover, there has been an increase in the contingent of sociology students. There has been a sharp decline in sociological education in non-state universities, the share of students studying on a part-time and contractual basis. The ratio of full-time and part-time education in Bachelor’s degree amounted to 86 and 14%, respectively, in Master’s degree 88 and 12%. Special attention is paid to the most acute problem related to the development of draft FSES HE 4 and the probable transition to it in the near future. In the most unfavorable forecasts, sociology education is seriously threatened by the loss of identity. In order to understand the most acute problems that prevent sociological education from being positioned as an integral, established educational process, the curricula of 49 universities that implement sociology training programs were studied. The sample included universities from the RAEX ratings — the subject rating for sociology and the top-100 best universities in Russia, as well as from the Interfax rating of the top-100 universities in Russia. Correlation of the profiles declared by universities with their subject content, as well as blocks of general sociological and special sociological disciplines with blocks of selected instrumental disciplines, practices, socio-humanities and general professional disciplines allowed us to identify a number of features and trends in the implementation of educational programs for training sociologists. As a result, two tendencies were revealed: one is the emergence of signs of the emerging unification of educational programs in sociology, which occurs in the implementation of the profile “Sociology” in classical universities, and the other is the mass implementation of unbalanced educational programs that contain obvious bias towards a certain block of disciplines and do not provide a full-fledged implementation of the declared profile.

Assessing the Effect of Uneven Inlet Velocity on the 24 ft Diameter MinwaterCSP Fan Using a Unique Pressure Sensing System

An industrial-grade pressure sensing system was designed for installation on the surface of the 24 ft (7.315 m) diameter M-fan that is installed on the MinwaterCSP test facility. The facility has significant cross draft effects due to the proximity of a canal that runs underneath the centre of the facility. This canal causes disturbance of the inlet air flow distribution. Due to the constant rapid change in air velocity and direction with blade rotation, the pressure on the blade fluctuates. The velocity distribution was measured experimentally using the installed anemometers. The uneven inlet velocity distribution led to fluctuations in blade surface pressures, which were measured using the uniquely designed pressure sensing system. The measured results were compared to the results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of the MinwaterCSP test facility. The CFD simulations consisted of two parts. Firstly a 3-dimensional representation of the facility, which was used to get the velocity distribution data and secondly a 2-dimensional airfoil simulation which was used to obtain the surface pressure distribution on the blade surface. The 3-dimensional CFD model made use of an actuator disk model to represent the effect of the fan. The experimental results showed a higher velocity and relative surface pressure distribution at locations correlating to the location of the canal. The simulation was able to replicate these distribution fluctuations. The results of the experimentally measured fan blade surface pressure at the fan suction side correlated within 9% to those of the simulation results.

Leader Emotional Capital Matters in The Automotive Manufacturing Industry

The ability of an organisation to adapt to constant change determines its long-term viability. Organisations that understand the value of excellent leadership in organisational performance will see growth and sustainable profitability. This research focused on the automotive industry in Isipingo, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. To thrive and remain competitive, the automotive sector must adapt to changing conditions, be efficient, and respond rapidly to external forces. Managers are frequently challenged with balancing the frustrations of different interest groups within the sector; becoming skilled and successful leaders; and steering the organisation in the appropriate direction. The emotional competency of employees is a valuable resource designated as emotional capital. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the emotions of leadership influence employee performance in this Industry Therefore, the research question entailed, what is the role of leaders' emotions? Analysis of extant literature was related to aspects that impact leaders’ emotional capability. The main variables included emotional capital, leadership, emotions, and employee performance. This study was based on a quantitative approach. Primary data was collected through a survey which was analysed using Spearman’s rho correlation. The results highlighted how a leader's emotions affect employees and demonstrated a substantial association between employee performance and the leader's overall emotional state. It was determined that a leader's emotions can have both beneficial and negative effects on employee performance. The recommendations offered useful advice on how to choose tactics that would yield appropriate results for the organisation to be sustainable.

LEADERSHIP AND BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS IN THE MINDS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

This article examines the key role of leadership in the formation and maintenance of effective business communications in organizations. The authors emphasize that in the conditions of constant changes in the business environment and growing competition, strategic management requires leaders not only to have managerial skills, but also to have high communication skills. The article analyzes how different leadership styles affect internal communication processes, determining how leaders can create an open and supportive communication environment. It emphasizes the importance of interaction between the leader and the team, as well as between management and external stakeholders such as customers, suppliers and partners. The authors also consider the challenges faced by leaders in the context of digitalization and globalization, and offer recommendations for developing communication skills. The article emphasizes the need to adapt communication strategies to changing market conditions, which allows organizations to be more flexible and competitive. In addition, the article provides examples of successful leadership practices that demonstrate how effective communication can be the key to the success of strategic initiatives. The authors argue that the integration of leadership and communications into an organization's strategy is a key factor in achieving long-term goals and improving the overall effectiveness of management processes. Contemporary challenges faced by leaders in the context of globalization and digital technologies, as well as their strategies for adapting to changes, are separately considered. The intercultural style of leadership in the context of any culture is considered, which provides an opportunity to analyze existing values ​​and approaches to leadership. It has been proven that further research is needed: cross-cultural barriers in communications; the influence of cultural norms on leadership styles; the role of emotional intelligence in leadership communications; strategies for adapting strategic management to different cultural contexts.

FORMATION OF A CONTROL SYSTEM IN AN AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

The article examines the importance of control in the management systems of agro-industrial enterprises, which is critical for ensuring their stability and effectiveness in a dynamic environment. The aim of the article is to analyze, systematize, generalize, and improve the theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of a control system in an agro-industrial enterprise. It is determined that in the context of constant changes affecting agriculture, the control function becomes particularly significant as it helps adapt enterprises to new challenges and prevents negative consequences. The study presents the elements of the control system in agro-industrial enterprises, which include: planning (establishing goals, defining standards, and developing plans that serve as a basis for further monitoring and control), monitoring (constant collection and analysis of information on the execution of production processes), deviation analysis (evaluating performance results and comparing them with planned indicators), and feedback mechanisms (providing information on the effectiveness of production processes and their results, which is used to update plans and improve subsequent stages of control). Key control tools applicable at all stages of agro-industrial enterprises' activities are presented: planning and forecasting, result analysis and reporting, monitoring and information, auditing and inspections, quality control of products, budgeting, verification and compliance with environmental standards, personnel management, risk management, and technological control. It is found that timely application of control tools helps avoid losses and maintain high product quality. The purpose of control is justified as ensuring compliance of all production processes with established plans and standards to achieve economic efficiency, reduce costs, and improve product quality. The study allowed for the identification of the significance of integrating modern control methods and information technologies, which significantly enhance the effectiveness of management processes. It is noted that the application of modern technologies, such as ERP systems, IoT, and analytical platforms, significantly improves control over all stages of production and supply.

A Multimodal conceptual framework to achieve automated software evolution for context-rich intelligent applications

AbstractWhile AI is extensively transforming Software Engineering (SE) fields, SE is still in need of a framework to consider overall all phases to facilitate Automated Software Evolution (ASEv), particularly for intelligent applications that are context-rich instead of conquering each division independently. Its complexity comes from the intricacy of the intelligent applications, the heterogeneity of the data sources, and the constant changes in the context. This study proposes a conceptual framework for achieving automated software evolution, emphasizing the importance of multimodality learning. A Selective Sequential Scope Model (3 S) model is developed based on the conceptual framework, and it can be used to categorize existing and future research when it covers different SE phases and multimodal learning tasks. This research is a preliminary step toward the blueprint of a higher-level ASEv. The proposed conceptual framework can act as a practical guideline for practitioners to prepare themselves for diving into this area. Although the study is about intelligent applications, the framework and analysis methods may be adapted for other types of software as AI brings more intelligence into their life cycles.