Absorption Changes Research Articles

Synthesis and Binding Properties of High-Affinity Histidine-Bearing Polymers for Wood Lignin.

The pursuit of molecules capable of binding to wood lignin is pivotal for advancing lignin degradation technology, particularly when combined with lignin degradation catalysts. In this study, synthetic polymers bearing histidine moieties, demonstrating remarkable affinity for wood lignin are reported. These polymers, featuring varying degrees of histidine substitution in the form of histidine methyl esters, are synthesized through controlled radical polymerization of an activated ester-bearing monomer, employing a fluorescein-labeled chain transfer agent and subsequent postpolymerization amidation with histidine methyl ester. The binding properties of these histidine-bearing polymers with milled wood lignin under aqueous conditions are investigated. Qualitative assessment of lignin-binding capabilities involve spectroscopic analysis of changes in absorbance of visible light and fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, quantitative evaluation is conducted through surface plasmon resonance measurements to determine the binding parameters of the polymers with wood lignin. Notably, polymers with higher histidine substitution exhibit enhanced binding affinity compared to those with lower histidine substitution levels.

Ultra-broadband Absorber and Perfect Thermal Emitter for High-Efficiency Solar Energy Absorption and Conversion

This study proposes a pyramid-shaped solar absorber designed with multi-layered Ti-SiO2 ring stacked. The structure achieves an average absorption efficiency of 98.03% over the range of 280-4000 nm, and under AM1.5 spectral conditions, the weighted average absorption efficiency reaches 97.66%, the bandwidth with an absorption efficiency greater than 90% reaches 3750 nm. To explore the reason for achieving ultra-broadband absorption with this structure, the electromagnetic field distribution at three absorption peaks was calculated. The results revealed that the resonance between the polarization direction of the three-layer circular ring stacked structure and the plasmon resonance at the junction of Ti and SiO2 contribute to the model's capability for ultra-broadband high-efficiency absorption. At the same time, the thermal emissivity of the structure was calculated at high temperatures of 1000 K and 2000 K, both exceeding 97%. Furthermore, due to the fully symmetrical design, the absorber is polarization-independent. It was found through calculations that whether in TM mode or TE mode, as the incident angle varies from 0° to 60°, the average absorption efficiency of the absorber changes only by 11.16%, thereby verifying the structure's excellent insensitivity to incident light angles. In summary, all these characteristics indicate that the model has excellent application prospects in fields such as solar energy collection and photothermal conversion.

Understanding and simulating mechanochromism in dye-dispersed polymer blends: from atomistic insights to macroscopic properties.

In this work, we propose a computational protocol enabling the simulation of mechanochromic responses in dye-dispersed polymer blends. The main objective is the modeling of the molecular-level structural changes responsible for the modulation of the photophysical properties that lead to the mechanochromic phenomenon. In this demonstrative study, we focus on predicting the changes in optical absorption displayed by a model system consisting of a dimer of a tetraphenylethylene derivative dispersed in a polyethylene matrix. The blend is subjected to an external stimulus that causes a modulation of the polymer matrix density that translates, in turn, into the emergence of specific mechanical constraints on the optically active dimers. The accurate description of this phenomenon requires the reliable sampling of the dimer configurations induced by the interaction with the matrix under stress. These molecular geometries are associated with modified electronic structures that confer novel absorption responses to the dispersed dyes. In the present contribution, the sampling of these structures is achieved through classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations including a model element to apply an anisotropic mechanical force. This element allows the microscopic modeling of the chains' and dyes' structural rearrangements under stress. After the sampling, we compare the results of two approaches for the prediction of the optical response: (i) the calculation of a mean response from a statistical average over quantum chemical calculations on the sampled MD structures and (ii) a prediction via a more expensive hybrid scheme allowing the relaxation of the sampled molecular geometries in the presence of the matrix constraints.

A C3‐symmetric like structurally twisted molecular architecture: mechano/fluorochromic behavior and selective multiphase detection of Pd (II)

Triaminoguanidinium (TG)‐based C3‐symmetric‐like molecular architectures with diverse donors and acceptors are well established as organic molecular materials for promising stimuli‐responsive and metal sensing‐based applications. However, the mechanofluorochromic (MFC) response was unremarkable upon applying external mechanical stress. Even though some show MFC features, there was no optical shift under ambient light. In this paper, we developed a novel C3‐symmetric molecule, TAC3, containing the TG core linked with conformationally twisted thiophene‐linked anthracenyl terminals. Three conformationally deformed hands in TAC3 respond against external mechanical stimuli with a redshifted absorption and emission, easily detectable through the naked eye. Although MFC features were reported before for such C3‐symmetric molecules, the change in absorbance was not identified. In addition, TAC3 could selectively detect Pd2+ through extreme emission quenching (green to black). The mechanochromism and sensing outcomes are elucidated by the experimental and theoretical support. Compared to the previous reports, the notable 2:3 (metal: ligand) binding due to geometric restriction creating a specific pocket size for Pd+2 is unusual for this system. The onsite application on Pd2+ detection and measurable MFC features are demonstrated to validate the potential of this C3‐symmetric molecule in advanced optoelectronic applications such as security writing and Pd2+ ion detection.

Proposal for Low-Cost Optical Sensor for Measuring Flow Velocities in Aquatic Environments

The ocean, with its intricate processes, plays a pivotal role in shaping marine life, habitats, and the Earth’s climate. This study addresses issues such as beach erosion, the survival of propagules from species like Posidonia oceanica, and nutrient distribution. To tackle these challenges, we propose an innovative sensor that quantifies hydrodynamic velocity by measuring the output voltage derived from detecting changes in light absorption and scattering using LEDs and LDRs. Our results not only demonstrate the effectiveness of the sensor but also the accuracy of the processing algorithm. Notably, the blue LED exhibited the lowest mean relative error of 7.59% in freshwater, while the yellow LED was most precise in chlorophyll-containing water, with a mean relative error of 6.80%. In a runoff simulation, we observed similar velocities with the blue, green, and white LEDs, 6.89 cm/s, 6.99 cm/s, and 7.05 cm/s, respectively, for nearly identical time intervals. It is important to highlight that our proposed sensor is not only effective but also highly cost-efficient, representing less than 0.43% of the cost of a Nortek Vector 6 MHz and 0.18% of the Teledyne Workhorse II 300 kHz Marine. This makes it a key tool for managing marine ecosystems sustainably.

Ionospheric Absorption Variation Based on Ionosonde and Riometer Data and the NOAA D-RAP Model over Europe During Intense Solar Flares in September 2017

A novel method was developed based on the amplitude data of the EM waves measured by Digisondes to calculate and investigate the relative ionospheric absorption changes. The effect of 13 solar flares (>C8) that occurred from 4 to 10 September 2017 were studied at three European Digisonde stations (Juliusruh (54.63°N, 13.37°E), Průhonice (49.98°N, 14.55°E) and San Vito (40.6°N, 17.8°E)). The present study compares the results of the amplitude method with the absorption changes measured by the Finnish Riometer Network and determined by the NOAA D-RAP model during the same events. The X-class flares caused 1.5–2.5 dB of attenuation at 30–32.5 MHz based on the riometer data, while the absorption changes were between 10 and 15 dB in the 2.5–4.5 MHz frequency range according to the amplitude data. The impact caused by energetic particles after the solar flares are clearly seen in the riometer data, while among the Digisonde stations it can be observed only at Juliusruh in some certain cases. Comparing the results of the amplitude method with the D-RAP model it seems evident that the observed absorption values almost always exceed the values given by the model both at 2.5 MHz and at 4 MHz during the investigated period. According to the comparison between the riometer data with the D-RAP, generally, the model underestimates the absorption values obtained from the riometers during solar flares except at the highest latitude stations, while D-RAP overestimates the impact during the particle events.

Pyramid-like magnetic carbon composites device toward tunable and adaptive radar-visible compatible properties

Equipped with intelligent adjustable electromagnetic-visible light compatibility characteristics is of significant importance in military stealth fields. In this work, a tunable microwave absorption and visible light change metamaterial based on polylactic acid (PLA) thermal stimulation was fabricated using 4D printing technology with hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTOH) and carbonyl iron powder (CIP) as active ingredients. The printing filament was synthesized, which exhibited excellent absorption performance with a bandwidth of 5.83 GHz and sufficient shape recovery ability. On this basis, a temperature-dominated shape memory variation cone device was also manufactured and the visible light color-changing coating was sprayed. The microwave absorption performance is adjusted according to the petal angle, achieving a bandwidth variation of 5.9–9.8 GHz. This work confirms the potential exploratory value of the designed shape memory polymer in the field of microwave absorption, and provides unlimited possibilities for designing intelligent controlled stealth materials.

Technological aspects of managing the structural and mechanical properties of wheat bread crumb

This work is dedicated to the study of the structural-mechanical properties of wheat bread crumb 12 hours after baking and then every 24 hours during 108 hours of storage. The basis of this investigation was the study of the starch retrogradation process, which is a transfer of the amorphous structure of starch grains into the crystalline state, which predetermines an increase in the values of the hardness parameters and hardness index. The aim of the work was investigation of an effect of the state of carbohydrate-amylase and protein-proteinase complex of wheat flour by introduction of wheat malt and dry gluten on the structural-mechanical properties of crumb of bakery products and their staling rate during storage. In this study, the authors used baker’s wheat flour of the highest grade, wheat malt, dry gluten, bread from baker’s wheat flour of the highest grade that was made using the straight dough method by the experimental laboratory baking. The authors established an effect of dosing wheat malt and dry wheat gluten on changes in the water absorption of wheat dough in the process of mixing, on its rheological properties, on the structural-mechanical properties of crumb of wheat bread made by the experimental laboratory baking as well as on the rate of its staling during storage. The optimal dosage of wheat malt was 5%, which ensured the falling number equal to 235 s. The dose of dry gluten of 3% ensured the total gluten content in dough of 31.3%, dough moisture of 43.1% and dough consistency equal to 640 FU. Simultaneous introduction of wheat malt and dry wheat gluten ensured a decrease in the hardness index of wheat bread crumb by 55% and the rate of its staling by 3.3 times.

Ultraviolet radiation thin film dosimetry: A review of properties and applications.

Spectroradiometry, radiometry, and dosimetry are employed for the measurement of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) irradiance and non-ionizing exposure. Different types of UVR dosimeter have been developed for measuring personal and environmental UVR exposures since film dosimetry was pioneered in the 1970s. An important type of dosimeter is the thin film variant, which contains materials that undergo changes in optical absorbance when exposed to UVR. These changes can be measured at a specific wavelength using a spectrophotometer. Thin film dosimeters allow UVR exposure measurements on humans at various body sites during daily activities, as well as on plants, animals, and any sites of interest when utilized in a field environment. This review examines the properties and applications of five types of thin film UVR dosimeter that have different dynamic exposure limits and spectral responses. Polysulphone, with a spectral response approximating the human erythema action spectrum, was one of the first materials employed in thin film form for the measurement of UVR exposures up to 1 day, and up to 6 days with an extended dynamic range filter. Polyphenylene oxide has been characterized and employed for personal UVR exposure measurements up to approximately four summer days and has also been used for long-term underwater UVR exposures. Phenothiazine and 8-methoxypsoralen have been reported as suitable for the measurement of longer wavelength UVA exposures. Finally, polyvinyl chloride with an extended dynamic exposure range of over 3 weeks has been shown to have predominantly a spectral response in the UVB and extending up to 340 nm.

A Carbazole-based Fluorescent Probe with AIE Performance and a Large Stokes Shift for Peroxynitrite Detection and Imaging in Live Cells.

A carbazole-based fluorescent probe YCN with AIE performance and a large Stokes shift (242nm) shift was synthesized by attaching 4-acetonitrile pyridine to the 3-phenylaldehyde butylcarbazole. Its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. Probe YCN has high selectivity and sensitivity toward ONOO-. The addition of ONOO- to the probe YCN solution results in a noticeable color change from pale yellow to colorless under natural light, and a fluorescent color change from bright orange-yellow to bright yellow-green under a 365nm UV lamp, which can be distinguished by the naked eye. The research results on the reaction mechanism showed that when YCN reacted with ONOO-, -C = C- was oxidized and broken into -CHO, and the ICT effect was significantly inhibited, resulting in changes in UV absorption and fluorescence emission phenomenon. The recognition mechanism was verified by 1H NMR, mass spectrometry (MS) and density function theory (DFT) calculations. The experiments of live cells imaging suggested that compound YCN can be used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of ONOO- in HeLa cells. This result indicates that YCN has potential application prospects in the biological aspects.

A-115 Iron assay improvement: The need for thiourea addition in Ferene/Ferrozine reagent cartridge

Abstract Background Iron assay is often ordered along with ferritin, transferrin, and iron binding capacity in patients suspected of having iron deficiency anemia or iron overload. A ferene/Ferrozine chromogen-based iron assay is more common in College of American Pathology accredited laboratories across U.S. Recently, a product recall/field safety notice was issued by a major manufacturer for several lots of ferene based iron reagent due to unacceptable positive bias in patient iron results. However, the reason(s) underlying this positive bias was not provided. In this report, we investigated the possible causes for the recall of specific lots of iron assay reagents. Methods The performance of 2 lots of recalled iron test kits was compared against 2 good lots (Sentinel Diagnostics) on the Alinity c analyzer utilizing approved calibrator lots, quality control (QC) materials (Bio-Rad Laboratories), and excess/leftover de-identified patient samples. Spectral scan (in the visible wavelength) of good and recalled lots of reagents, R1 and R2 was performed on the Tecan microplate reader. Trace elements in R1 and R2 reagents were estimated with Quantitative Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Spiking experiments in calibrator, discarded patient samples, and reagents were undertaken to further elucidate the cause and prevention of positive bias seen with recalled reagent lots. Graphs and statistical analysis were generated using Graphpad prism 10.1. Results Iron levels in QC materials and de-identified patient samples (n=42) tested with 2 recalled lot of reagents on Alinity c analyzer showed a positive bias of 15-36% compared to unimpacted lots of reagents. Calibrator and blank absorbance of recalled lots was much higher than the unimpacted lots. Percentage change in the basal absorbance of recalled vs unimpacted R2 reagent measured from 500 to 600 nm in 25 nm increments and corrected to 700 nm ranged from 150 to 250%. No such changes were noted with both R1 reagents. Interestingly, ICP-MS heavy metal panel analysis revealed that R2 reagent of the recalled lots had unanticipated presence of Cu (∼22 υg/dL) and lead (7.5 υg/L), which was not present in R1 reagents. Increased concentrations of Cu spiking (100, 200, and 400 υγ/dL) in R2 reagent from recalled lots discernibly increased the Cal Factor values as well as patient iron results relative to unspiked reagent. Further, the presence of Cu over time deteriorated the accuracy of R2 reagent reflecting on very high rise in Cal Factor and patient iron values. Interestingly, TU addition to R2 reagent from unimpacted lot prevented the Cu-induced spurious rise in Cal Factor and iron measurements in the patient samples. Further, TU exhibited sustained preventive effect on Cu-induced iron measurement changes over time. Conclusions Based on our investigation, we conclude that copper contamination of R2 reagent is the possible cause for the positive bias in the recalled iron assay reagent lots. We recommend the addition of TU to Ferene containing R2 reagent pack as a simple and effective step to prevent Cu-induced false elevation in iron values.

Impacts of elevated anthropogenic emissions on physicochemical characteristics of black-carbon-containing particles over the Tibetan Plateau

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) region has distinct climate effects that strongly depend on its mixing state. The aging processes of BC in the TP are subject to emissions from various regions, resulting in considerable variability of its mixing state and physicochemical properties. However, the mechanism and magnitude of this effect are not yet clear. In this study, field observations on physicochemical properties of BC-containing particles (PMBC) were conducted in the northeast (Xihai) and southeast (Lulang) regions of the TP to investigate the impacts of transported emissions from lower-altitude areas on BC characteristics in the TP. Large spatial discrepancies were found in the chemical composition of PMBC. Both sites showed higher concentrations of PMBC when they were affected by transported air masses outside the TP but with diverse chemical composition. Source apportionment for organic aerosol (OA) suggested that primary OA in the northeastern TP was attributed to hydrocarbon OA (HOA) from anthropogenic emissions, while it was dominated by biomass burning OA (BBOA) in the southeastern TP. Regarding secondary aerosol, a marked enhancement in nitrate fraction was observed on aged BC coating in Xihai when the air masses were brought by updrafts and easterly winds from lower-altitude areas. With the development of boundary layer, the enhanced turbulent mixing promoted the elevation of anthropogenic pollutants. In contrast to Xihai, the thickly coated BC in Lulang was mainly caused by elevation and transportation of biomass burning plumes from south Asia, showing a large contribution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The distinct transported emissions lead to substantial variations of both chemical composition and light absorption ability of BC across the TP. The thicker coating and higher mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of PMBC in air masses elevated from lower-altitude regions reveal the promoted BC aging processes and their impacts on the mixing state and light absorption of BC in the TP. These findings emphasize the vulnerability of plateau regions to influences of elevated emissions, leading to significant changes in BC concentration, mixing states and light absorption across the TP, all of which need to be considered in the evaluation of BC radiative effects for the TP region.

B-034 Performance Evaluation of the Total Bile Acids (TBA) Assay on Mindray BS-2800M Analyzer

Abstract Background Bile acids (BA) are synthesized in the liver and secreted into bile. The function of BA is to promote absorption of lipids including fat-soluble vitamins. During liver diseases such as viral hepatitis and liver injury by hepatotoxic drugs, and cholestasis condition, BA secretion to bile is impaired, causing serum BA level to rise. Therefore, the determination of serum BA can be used as a sensitive indicator of liver function. TBA reagent contains NADH that requires pH ≥ 9 to be stable that is usually difficult to be maintained during reagent opened and stored on the analyzer. Meanwhile, 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (3α-HSD) is required for the reaction. 3α-HSD is sensitive to pH condition. Minor changes in pH results in significant changes of enzyme activity. We formulated our TBA reagent with prolonged stability when reagent is onboard on the analyzer. This study evaluated the performance of the new Mindray TBA assay on Mindray BS-2800M. Methods TBA assay was based on the method with coupled Thio-NAD and NADH reaction for BA. The R1 contains Thio-NAD. The R2 contains NADH and 3α-HSD. R1 is incubated with serum sample containing BA for 5 min at 37°C and R2 is then added. During further incubation in the presence of Thio-NAD, 3α-HSD converts BA to 3-ketosteroids and Thio-NADH. The reaction is reversible, and 3α-HSD can convert 3-keto steroids and Thio-NADH to BA and Thio-NAD. In the presence of excess NADH, enzyme cycling occurs efficiently and the rate of formation of Thio-NADH is determined by measuring specific change of absorbance at 412 nm. Two-point-line calibration is used by this assay. The TBA concentrations for the test samples are obtained by the absorbances of test samples from the calibration line. The performances of precision, linearity, onboard stability, interference (hemolysis, lipid and bilirubin), correlation are evaluated following CLSI protocols. Results The precision study was run according to EP05A3 with two commercial controls (about 21 and 36μmol/L) and two serum sample pools(about 9.9 and 24.2 μmol/L)on the Mindray BS-2800M system. The repeatability and within-lab CVs ranged from 0.74% to 1.97%, respectively. The linearity of the assay was determined as from 2.0 μmol/L to 180 μmol/L. The reagent onboard stability is for 28 days without recalibration that is superior to TBA reagents from other manufacturers. The interference of hemolysis, lipid and bilirubin are with less than ±10% impact with hemolysate Hemoglobin up to 500 mg/dL, Intralipids up to 500 mg/dL, and Conjugated bilirubin up to 30 mg/dL, Unconjugated bilirubin up to 30mg/dL. This assay (Y) also correlated well with SEKISUI TBA assay (x), (Y = 0.9965X + 0.2694, r= 0.9993). Conclusions From this evaluation, we concluded that Mindray TBA assay can measure serum TBA precisely and accurately with good performances, especially for onboard stability. It is suitable for use in routine clinical laboratories.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Screening and Hg(II) Sensing, Activities of Cu(II)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate Complexes.

In this study five different complexes of Cu(II) were synthesized for the purpose of environmentally notorious mercury sensing and preliminary biological screening. Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (also known as dipicolinic acid, and abbreviated as H2DPA), 3-phenyl pyrazole (3-ppz), 4-iodo-1H-pyrazole (4-ipz), 4-nitropyrazole (4-npz), 4-bromopyrazole (4-bpz), and 4-chloropyrazole (4-cpz) were chosen as potential ligands. The synthesized complexes labelled as 1-5, namely [Cu(DPA)(3-ppz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-ipz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-npz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-bpz)], [Cu(DPA)(4-cpz)], were proposed based on spectroscopic data (FTIR, TGA, and UV-visible spectroscopy). These complexes feature C=O functionalities that are not involved in coordination and may be used for further applications. The isolated complexes were utilized for detecting Hg(II) ions in water samples. Various concentrations of Hg(II) ions were prepared for detection purposes, and changes in absorption concerning complexes 1-5 were determined using UV-Visible spectroscopy. It was found that complexes 3 and 4 exhibit efficient sensing abilities towards Hg(II) ions. The antibacterial activities of complexes 1-5 were assessed against S. typhi and E. coli. The complexes 1 and 3 displayed good antibacterial activities against S. typhi (13.67, and 13.56 mm, respectively) while complexes 1, 2 and 4 were found to be efficient against E. coli (11.6, 12.66, 11.31 mm, respectively). The absorption maxima of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) at 517 nm, considerably shifted upon addition of complexes 1-5. The results reveal that the complexes possess potential free radical scavenging abilities.

Changes in intestinal absorption following 24-weeks of treatment with glepaglutide in patients with short bowel syndrome

Changes in intestinal absorption following 24-weeks of treatment with glepaglutide in patients with short bowel syndrome

Efficacy and safety of apraglutide in short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure and colon–in–continuity: A multicenter, open-label, metabolic balance study

BackgroundApraglutide is a novel long-acting GLP-2 analog in development for short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF). This multicenter, open-label, phase 2 study in SBS-IF and colon-in-continuity (CiC) investigates the safety and efficacy of apraglutide. MethodsThis was a 52-week phase 2 metabolic balance study (MBS) in 9 adult patients with SBS-IF-CiC receiving once-weekly subcutaneous apraglutide injections. Safety was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included changes in absorption parameters (MBS at baseline, after 4 weeks with stable parenteral support (PS), and 48 weeks), PS needs (48-week PS adjustment period based on monthly 48-hour fluid balances) and intestinal morphology and motility (static and cine MRI at baseline and 4, 24 and 48 weeks). ResultsPS volume decreased by -4702mL/week (-52%; p<0.001) at week 52. Seven patients (78%) achieved ≥1 day off PS at week 52. At 4 weeks, fecal output was reduced by 253 g/day (p=0.013). At 48 weeks, increases in wet weight absorption by 316 g/day (p=0.039), energy absorption by 1134 kJ/day (p=0.041) and carbohydrate absorption by 56.1 g/day (p= 0.024) were observed. Moreover, small bowel length increased from 29.7 to 40.7 cm (p=0.012), duodenal wall thickness increased by 0.8 mm (p=0.02) and motility in the proximal colon was reduced (p=0.031). A total of 127 adverse events was reported, which were mostly mild to moderate. ConclusionApraglutide had an acceptable safety profile and was associated with significant reductions in PS needs and days off PS, improvements in intestinal absorption, and structural and functional intestinal changes in patients with SBS-IF-CiC.ClinicalTrials.gov, Number NCT04964986

Determination of gelatin from marshmallows using a combination of fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic and chemometrics for halal authentication

Marshmallow is a foam that contains aerated sugar, which is stabilized with gelatin or egg albumin. In this research, a Fourier Transform Infra-Red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy combined with the Chemometrics methods is developed to distinguish the presence of porcine gelatin in marshmallows, which can then be used to identify halal products. This method provides fast and rapid testing of halal products. Marshmallows were made with varying concentrations of bovine and porcine gelatine as the reference. Commercial marshmallows were collected in the online marketplace by purposive sampling. Isolated gelatin was analyzed using the ATR-FTIR spectrophotometer, and data analysis was continued using PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The results showed that bovine gelatin absorbed at a wavenumber of 1638 cm-1, while porcine gelatin produced a sharp absorption at 1697 and 1654 cm-1. The results of PCA analysis show that 100% of bovine gelatin marshmallows (S100) have areas different from marshmallows containing a mixture of porcine gelatin. The PCA results of four samples (A1, A2, A3, and A4) show they are in the same area as 100% bovine gelatin marshmallows (S100). This shows that it is suspected that the four marshmallow samples tested did not contain porcine gelatin. The multivariate regression curve showed that the pattern of linear absorbance changes along with porcine gelatin concentrations with the highest coefficient equation is from wavenumber 1093.97 cm-1. Keywords: ATR-FTIR, Bovine gelatin, Chemometric, Marshmallow, Porcine gelatin

Pharmacist-Led Video Consultation to Identify and Mitigate Drug Interactions Among Patients Initiating Oral Anticancer Drugs.

The past decade has seen an increase in oral anticancer drug (OACD) approvals. Polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) likely contribute to OACD toxicity. We assessed a one-time pharmacist-led video consultation to identify DDIs. We conducted a single-arm telehealth intervention of a one-time 30-minute pharmacist-led video consultation among patients initiating OACDs. The visit focused on identifying polypharmacy and DDIs. Feasibility was defined as ≥50% completion of all study interventions. We determined the prevalence, characteristics, and severity of OACD-related potential DDIs. We also assessed the prevalence of medication list inaccuracies, polypharmacy, patient satisfaction, and patient perception of intervention acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. Of 58 eligible patients, 43 (74%) completed the intervention and 33 (57%) completed all evaluations. Median medication per patient was nine (range 4-21), and 98% of patients had at least five prescriptions. The median number of medication list errors was two (range 0-16), with at least one error for 76% and >1 for 52%. Pharmacists identified OACD-related interactions in 18 cases (42%), including change in drug metabolism (eight), elimination (one), and absorption (three). Interactions were classified as Lexicomp categories C (13), D (five), or X (one) requiring close monitoring or a change in treatment. All patients expressed high satisfaction with the intervention and agreed or completely agreed that it was acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. Polypharmacy, medication list errors, and DDIs are prevalent among patients initiating OACDs. A one-time remote pharmacist-led video consultation can address OACD-related DDIs, which may decrease medication complexity and improve adherence.

A spectroscopy-based proof-of-concept (POC) for developing loading of pathogen analyzer (LOPA) for dairy products

Detection of bacterial contamination in dairy products of daily use is a challenge worldwide. We have utilized Methylene Blue Reduction Test (MBRT) for quantification of the microbial count in dairy products (milk) and developed a proof-of-concept (POC) based on this for in-filed applications. In this study, we have used pasteurized milk contaminated with model bacteria Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus for the calibration and validation of the developed POC. The conversion of MB to Leuco-MB i.e., the colorimetric change due to the reduction of MB to Leuco-MB in presence of microbes has been utilized as the tool to detect presence of microbes in milk. The absorbance peak for methylene blue (MB) at 664 nm decreases significantly in presence of microbes and the blue color becomes faded. In our study, we have employed methylene blue (MB) discolouration phenomenon to estimate the microbial count in milk samples using our developed spectroscopy based POC. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the POC were found to be 0.32 CFU/mL and 0.97 CFU/mL. The end users of the developed POC are primarily those involved in the production, processing, testing, regulation, and research of dairy products to ensure they meet safety standards and protect public health. These include retailers, dairy farmers, dairy processors, quality control laboratories, regulatory agencies and research institutions. In our experiment, we have observed a significant change in MB absorption in the milk contaminated with microbes. The indigenously developed sensor strips designed for the working of the POC turn to colorless Leuco-MB compared to milk without the microbes. The analysis of the strips has been measured in the developed device.

On the optical response of novel coumarin-fused NIR BODIPY dyes to X-rays

This paper reports synthesis and characterization of three new coumarin-fused NIR BODIPY dyes 16–18, as well as the detailed study of their optical response to exposure with X-rays (up to 1000 Gy) in solvents of various nature. A strong reaction to irradiation (both in terms of absorption and fluorescence changing) is found in chlorinated solvents (CCl4 and CHCl3) and acetonitrile, while no significant respond of the dyes is observed in toluene and propanol-1. Herewith, their responses turned out to be very versatile: a complex change in fluorescence (quenching of the main band accompanied by the flare-up in a new spectral region) is observed together with colorimetric reaction (e.g., the color of 17 changes from green to blue at 50–80 Gy, and then becomes pink closer to ≈350 Gy). In general, the dyes show good linearity in their response to irradiation up to ≈70–100 Gy and are quite sensitive. For example, the limit of detection (LOD) values for 18 are from 0.29 to 6.73. At the same time, the ratiometric fluorescent response of the compound 16 turns out to be linear over the entire range up to 1000 Gy (to date, this is the first BODIPY-based X-ray probe with optical response over such a wide dose range). Thus, the synthesized dyes seem to be promising for dosimetric support of radiation processing/sterilization procedures.