Changes In Visceral Adiposity Research Articles

Efficacy and Safety of Lactobacillus plantarum K50 on Lipids in Koreans With Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial.

BackgroundOnly few studies have investigated the role of probiotics in the development of obesity. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of an intake of Lactobacillus plantarum K50 (LPK) on body fat and lipid profiles in people with obesity.MethodsThis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial involved 81 adults with a body mass index of 25–30 kg/m2 who were assigned randomly to a diet including 4 × 109 colony-forming unit of LPK or a placebo. Changes in body fat, anthropometric parameters, and biomarkers of obesity were compared using a linear mixed-effect model.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of treatment, body weight, fat mass, and abdominal fat area did not change significantly in the two groups. However, total cholesterol levels decreased from 209.4 ± 34.4 mg/dL to 203.5 ± 30.9 mg/dL in the LPK group, but increased from 194.7 ± 37.5 mg/dL to 199.9 ± 30.7 mg/dL in the placebo group (P = 0.037). Similarly, triglyceride levels decreased from 135.4 ± 115.8 mg/dL to 114.5 ± 65.9 mg/dL in the LPK group, with a significant difference between groups. LPK supplementation also tended to decrease leptin levels compared with placebo. It also changed the distribution of gut microbiota significantly, with an increase in L. plantarum and a decrease in Actinobacteria, both of whose changes in abundance were correlated with changes in visceral adiposity, with borderline significance.ConclusionA 12-week consumption of LPK reduced the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly with favorable alterations in microbiota, suggesting potential benefits for controlling blood lipid profiles.

Identifying Top Predictors of Change in Noncalcified Coronary Burden in Psoriasis by Machine Learning Over 1-Year

Background: Psoriasis is associated with accelerated non-calcified coronary burden (NCB) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been shown to effectively identify cardiometabolic variables with NCB in cross-sectional analysis. Objective: To use ML methods to characterize important predictors of change in NCB by CCTA in psoriasis over 1-year of observation. Methods: The analysis included 182 consecutive patients with 80 available variables from the Psoriasis Atherosclerosis Cardiometabolic Initiative, a prospective, observational cohort study at baseline and 1-year using the random forest regression algorithm. NCB was assessed at baseline and 1-year from CCTA. Results: Using ML, we identified variables of high importance in the context of predicting changes in NCB. For the cohort that improved NCB (n = 102), top baseline variables were cholesterol (total and HDL), white blood cell count, psoriasis area severity index score, and diastolic blood pressure. Top predictors of 1-year change were change in visceral adiposity, white blood cell count, total cholesterol, c-reactive protein, and absolute lymphocyte count. For the cohort that worsened NCB (n = 80), the top baseline variables were HDL cholesterol related including apolipoprotein A1, basophil count, and psoriasis area severity index score, and top predictors of 1-year change were change in apoA, apoB, and systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: ML methods ranked predictors of progression and regression of NCB in psoriasis over 1 year providing strong evidence to focus on treating LDL, blood pressure, and obesity; as well as the importance of controlling cutaneous disease in psoriasis.

Increasing changes in visceral adiposity is associated with higher risk for colorectal adenoma: Multilevel analysis in a prospective cohort.

While many studies demonstrated an association between visceral adiposity and colorectal adenoma (CRA), the effect of longitudinal changes in body fat composition on CRA is unclear. We investigated the longitudinal association between changes in visceral adiposity and CRA occurrence. Between 2006 and 2018, 732 (62.8%) of the 1165 subjects in a prospective cohort voluntarily underwent follow-up abdominal fat computed tomography and colonoscopy. We defined incident and recurrent CRA as adenoma detected at follow-up colonoscopy from negative and positive adenoma at baseline colonoscopy, respectively. Multilevel survival analysis examined the longitudinal association between changes in visceral fat and CRA. During a median follow-up of 7.4years, 400 (54.6%) subjects developed CRA. In multivariable analysis, increasing changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area were associated with higher risk of incident adenoma (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.46 for change per 10cm2 increase; HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.08-2.97 for highest vs lowest quartile, P values for trend=0.045). Likewise, increasing changes in VAT area were independently associated with a higher risk of recurrent adenoma (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13-1.62 for change per 10cm2 increase; HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04-2.52 for highest vs lowest quartile, P values for trend=0.001). Changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue area were not independently associated with CRA. Increasing changes in VAT area were longitudinally associated with a higher risk of incident and recurrent CRA, independent of risk factors, suggesting that visceral adiposity may be an important target in CRA prevention.

Abstract 13355: Obesity is Associated With Incident Cancer in the Community

Introduction: Obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction may be shared risk factors for development of cancer. We sought to examine the association of obesity and abdominal adiposity with incident cancer. Methods: We studied participants of the Framingham Heart Study and Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease study. We examined the association of obesity, body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and visceral adiposity (VAT) with future cancer in Cox models. We adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, smoking status (current, former, never), and cholesterol ratio. Results: Among 20,667 individuals (mean age 50, 53% women) free of cancer at baseline, we observed 2,619 incident cancer events over a mean follow-up of 13.3±3.3 years. Obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m 2 ) was associated with 30% increased hazard of future gastrointestinal cancer (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05-1.60, P=0.01), 62% increased hazard of gynecologic cancers (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.08-2.45, P=0.02), and by contrast, 38% lower risk of lung cancer (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44-0.87, P=0.006). We found similar associations of future cancer with continuous BMI and WC ( Figure ). Among 3,077 individuals with CT scans, VAT was associated with incident cancer (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.31, P=0.01 per 1-SD change in VAT). After adjusting for BMI, higher VAT was associated with greater risk of lung cancer (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.01-3.65, P=0.045). Conclusions: We observed that obesity and abdominal adiposity were associated with future cancer events, including gastrointestinal and gynecologic cancers. Interestingly, obesity was associated with lower risk of lung cancer. However, greater VAT was associated with greater lung cancer risk after adjusting for BMI. These findings highlight the importance of specific obesity-related phenotypes and adipose depots in better understanding the association between obesity and cancer.

2074-P: Significant Reduction of Visceral Adiposity in Type 2 Diabetics with Doctor-Supervised Weight Loss Program

Metabolic syndrome (MS), which affects ∼23% of the U.S. population, dramatically increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. While pharmacotherapies are available to treat diabetes (DIA), few strategies exist that target visceral adiposity (VA) as a means to reduce risk of current and future morbidity and mortality. Commercial weight loss programs target body weight but provide minimal effect on actual components of MS including VA. The 20Lighter Program (T20LP), employs change in VA as a primary outcome measure and clinical indicator of CVD and metabolic disease risk reduction. A retrospective review, via an IRB-approved protocol, of the first 2200 participants completing T20LP found 270 reported taking at least one prescription DIA medication (oral and/or injectable) at the time of enrollment. From baseline to 60 days, each group (diabetes, DIA; and nondiabetes, non-DIA) showed statistically significant and clinically meaningful reductions in body weight (13.8±1.1%; 14.0±0.32%), Body Mass Index (BMI) (13.2±0.14%; 13.4±0.06%), body fat (15.4±0.30%; 15.5±0.15%), and VA (25.2±0.18%; 25.8±0.09%). When the two groups were compared, a small numerical divergence in mean change was found in some outcomes favoring the DIA group, but none held statistical significance. Data reported as: (DIA; non-DIA) and shown as mean±SEM. Our data show participants on prescription medications for DIA attain significant and clinically relevant reductions in body weight, BMI, body fat, and VA. Diabetics participating in T20LP are capable of achieving body composition and metabolic improvements on par with nondiabetics, and nondiabetics showed no advantage in any physiologic or metabolic outcome in our study. T20LP is a comprehensive lifestyle program complementing existing strategies to provide overweight and obese adults and teens diagnosed with and at risk of MS with safe and effective weight loss and VA reduction. Disclosure G. Dembrowski: Stock/Shareholder; Self; 20Lighter Program. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; 20Lighter Program. J. Barnes: Stock/Shareholder; Self; 20Lighter Program. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; 20Lighter Program.

Change in Visceral Adiposity with a 12-Month Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention with Varying Doses of Physical Activity: The Heart Health Study

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is considered to have biochemical characteristics that influence several pathophysiological processes of the body and high levels are associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. There is data to suggest that supervised aerobic exercise may reduce VAT in the absence of caloric restriction. PURPOSE: To examine whether VAT is reduced within the context of a comprehensive weight management program, varied by prescribed levels of home-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in adults who were overweight or obese across 12 months. METHODS: Data were examined from sedentary adults (N=309; BMI: 32.3±3.8 kg/m2; age=45.1±7.9 years) enrolled in a behavioral program and randomized to a reduced calorie diet (DIET, N=107), diet plus a moderate dose of MVPA (MOD-EX, N=101), or diet plus a high dose of MVPA (HIGH-EX, N=101). All groups received weekly intervention sessions in months 1-6 followed by 2 group and 2 telephone contacts per month in months 7-12, and were prescribed a diet to reduce energy intake (1200-1800 kcal/day). MOD-EX was prescribed unsupervised MVPA that progressed to 150 min/wk, whereas HIGH-EX was progressed to 250 min/wk. Body composition and VAT were measured by DXA (GE Lunar iDXA, Corescan) along with weight at 0, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: Weight significantly decreased in all groups at 6 months (DIET: -9.0±5.9 kg, MOD-EX: -10.2±6.4 kg, HIGH-EX: -9.4±5.3 kg; p<0.001) and 12 months (DIET: -10.0±8.3 kg, MOD-EX: -11.1±8.1 kg, HIGH-EX: -9.7±6.9 kg; p<0.001), with no significant difference between groups. A similar pattern was observed for percent body fat (Baseline: 43.3±5.5%, 6-month: 38.3±7.0%, 12-month: 37.7±7.6%; p<0.001) with no difference between groups. VAT decreased across time (Baseline: 1518±907cm3, 6-month: 1018±617cm3, 12-month: 971±648cm3; p<0.001) with no difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The interventions were successful at reducing body weight and improving body composition in adults with obesity. The lack of additional weight loss, reductions in body compositon and VAT with participation in MVPA at two different doses may suggest that there is a compensatory response in factors influencing energy balance that warrant further investigation. Supported by: NIH (R01 HL103646)

Effect of Ramadan diurnal fasting on visceral adiposity and serum adipokines in overweight and obese individuals

AimExcessive visceral adiposity is a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance and systemic low-grade inflammation. Ramadan diurnal fasting (RDF) is a religious ritual practiced by more than one billion Muslim throughout the world. It has been considered as one of the most common types of complementary and integrative health practices. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of RDF on visceral adiposity, circulating adipokines and glucoregulatory markers in patients with overweight or obesity. MethodsOverweight and obese subjects (n = 61; 23 men and 38 women) were included in the study. Body weight, visceral fat tissue area (measured by 3D-MRI), glucoregulatory factors, serum adipokines concentrations, dietary intake, and physical activity were assessed one week before and at the end of the lunar month of Ramadan. ResultsFrom baseline, body weight and visceral fat tissue area serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure significantly decreased (P < 0.05 for each) at the end of Ramadan. The serum levels of adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α, and IGF-1 significantly decreased (P < 0.05 for each), but serum visfatin, leptin, apelin, IL-10, and IL-10/IL-6 ratio significantly increased (P < 0.05 for each) at the end of Ramadan. Changes in visceral adiposity significantly correlated with changes in plasma glucose (r = 0.4, P < 0.5) and resistin (r = 0.44, P < 0.001) at the end of Ramadan. ConclusionRDF lowers visceral adiposity, body weight and variably affects adipokines without adversely affecting markers of glucose homeostasis in individuals with overweight or obesity.

Natural history of impaired glucose tolerance in Japanese Americans: Change in visceral adiposity is associated with remission from impaired glucose tolerance to normal glucose tolerance

AimsTo describe the roles of intra-abdominal fat and its change in the remission of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to normal glucose tolerance (NGT). MethodsWe followed 157 Japanese Americans with IGT at baseline for 10–11 years without external intervention. We measured intra-abdominal and abdominal subcutaneous fat area (IAFA and ASFA) by computed tomography at baseline and at 5–6 years of follow-up. Change in IAFA and ASFA (ΔIAFA and ΔASFA) were calculated by subtracting baseline fat area from 5–6 year follow-up fat area. Glucose and insulin at fasting and during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, insulinogenic index (IGI [Δinsulin/Δglucose (30–0 min)]) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured at baseline. ResultsFourty-four subjects remitted to NGT. Among those with lower IAFA (≤median 91.31 cm2) and the lowest tertile of ΔIAFA, 45% remitted, while with higher IAFA (>91.31 cm2) and the highest tertile of ΔIAFA, only 12.5% remitted. ΔIAFA was significantly associated with remission to NGT (multiple-adjusted odd ratio [1-SD decrease] 1.93, 95% CI 1.10–3.36) independent of IAFA, ASFA, ΔASFA, IGI, HOMA-IR, age, sex, and family history of diabetes. ConclusionsIn the natural history of IGT, change in intra-abdominal fat was associated with remission to NGT.

Change in visceral adiposity is an independent predictor of future arterial pulse pressure.

Pulse pressure (PP), a marker of arterial stiffness, and body composition are both risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Little is known about whether changes in body composition may be linked to future PP. We sought to determine whether change in amount of abdominal and thigh fat over 5 years predicted PP at 10 years. Visceral fat as well as abdominal and thigh subcutaneous fat areas were measured by computed tomography at baseline and 5 years later in 284 Japanese Americans (mean age 49.3 years; 50.4% men) without hypertension, heart disease, and glucose-lowering medication use at baseline. PP at 10 years was calculated as the difference between SBP and DBP measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer. The association between change in fat at 5 years and arterial PP at 10 years, adjusted for baseline PP, was examined using linear regression analysis. Change in abdominal visceral fat area at 5 years was positively associated with 10-year PP independent of sex, 5-year change in BMI, and baseline age, BMI, PP, abdominal visceral fat, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, and fasting plasma glucose. There were no significant associations between baseline amounts or change in abdominal or thigh subcutaneous fat areas and future PP. The accumulation of abdominal visceral fat over time independently predicted future PP in Japanese Americans.

Body mass index trajectory patterns and changes in visceral fat and glucose metabolism before the onset of type 2 diabetes

We investigated BMI trajectory patterns before diabetes diagnosis and examined associated changes in visceral adiposity and glucose metabolism. 23,978 non-diabetic Japanese participants (2,789 women) aged 30–64 years were assessed with a mean follow-up of 7.6 years. Diabetes was diagnosed via fasting glucose, HbA1c, and self-report. Latent-class trajectory analyses were performed to identify BMI trajectories. Longitudinal changes in BMI, visceral adiposity, and glucose metabolism were estimated using mixed models. 1,892 individuals developed diabetes. Three distinct BMI trajectories were identified in adults developing and not developing diabetes, respectively. Among adults developing diabetes, 47.3% were classified as “medium BMI” (n = 895), and had increased mean BMI within the obesity category before diagnosis. The “low BMI” group (38.4%, n = 726) had an initial mean BMI of 21.9 kg/m2, and demonstrated small weight gain. The “high BMI” group (n = 271) were severely obese and showed greater increase in BMI until diagnosis. All groups which developed diabetes showed absolute and/or relative increase in visceral fat and impaired β-cell compensation for insulin resistance. All groups not developing diabetes showed measured variables were relatively stable during observation. These data suggest that visceral fat gain may induce β-cell failure in compensation for insulin resistance, resulting in diabetes regardless of obesity level.

Cardiometabolic risk improvement in response to a 3-yr lifestyle modification program in men: contribution of improved cardiorespiratory fitness vs. weight loss.

Our objective was to examine the respective contributions of changes in visceral adiposity, subcutaneous adiposity, liver fat, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to the improvements in cardiometabolic risk markers in response to a 3-yr healthy eating/physical activity lifestyle intervention. Ninety-four out of 144 viscerally obese healthy men completed a 3-yr lifestyle intervention. Body weight, body composition, and fat distribution were assessed by anthropometry and DEXA/computed tomography. CRF, adipokines, lipoprotein/lipid profile, and 75 g of oral glucose tolerance were assessed. CRF and visceral and subcutaneous adiposity significantly improved over the 3-yr intervention, with a nadir in year 1 and a partial regain in year 3 Liver fat (estimated by insulin hepatic extraction) stabilized from year 1 to year 3, whereas HOMA-IR, ISI-Matsuda index, and adiponectin continued to improve. Multivariate analysis revealed that both visceral adiposity and estimated liver fat reductions contributed to the improved ISI-Matsuda index observed over 3 yr (r2 = 0.28, P < 0.001). Three-year changes in fat mass and CRF were independently associated with changes in visceral fat (adjusted r2 = 0.40, P < 0.001), whereas only changes in CRF were associated with changes in estimated liver fat (adjusted r2 = 0.18, P < 0.001). A long-term (3 yr) healthy eating/physical activity intervention in men improves several cardiometabolic risk markers over the long term (3 yr) despite a partial body weight regain observed between year 1 and year 3 The improvement in CRF contributes to visceral and estimated liver fat losses over the long term, which in turn explain the benefits of the lifestyle intervention on cardiometabolic risk profile.

A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effects of exercise training versus hypocaloric diet: distinct effects on body weight and visceral adipose tissue

Exercise training ('exercise') and hypocaloric diet ('diet') are frequently prescribed for weight loss in obesity. Whilst body weight changes are commonly used to evaluate lifestyle interventions, visceral adiposity (VAT) is a more relevant and stronger predictor for morbidity and mortality. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effects of exercise or diet on VAT (quantified by radiographic imaging). Relevant databases were searched through May 2014. One hundred seventeen studies (n = 4,815) were included. We found that both exercise and diet cause VAT loss (P < 0.0001). When comparing diet versus training, diet caused a larger weight loss (P = 0.04). In contrast, a trend was observed towards a larger VAT decrease in exercise (P = 0.08). Changes in weight and VAT showed a strong correlation after diet (R(2) = 0.737, P < 0.001), and a modest correlation after exercise (R(2) = 0.451, P < 0.001). In the absence of weight loss, exercise is related to 6.1% decrease in VAT, whilst diet showed virtually no change (1.1%). In conclusion, both exercise and diet reduce VAT. Despite a larger effect of diet on total body weight loss, exercise tends to have superior effects in reducing VAT. Finally, total body weight loss does not necessarily reflect changes in VAT and may represent a poor marker when evaluating benefits of lifestyle-interventions.

An observational study of sequential protein-sparing, very low-calorie ketogenic diet (Oloproteic diet) and hypocaloric Mediterranean-like diet for the treatment of obesity

The impact of a rehabilitative multi-step dietary program consisting in different diets has been scantily investigated. In an open-label study, 73 obese patients underwent a two-phase weight loss (WL) program: a 3-week protein-sparing, very low-calorie, ketogenic diet (<500 kcal/day; Oloproteic® Diet) and a 6-week hypocaloric (25–30 kcal/kg of ideal body weight/day), low glycemic index, Mediterranean-like diet (hypo-MD). Both phases improved visceral adiposity, liver enzymes, GH levels, blood pressure and glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the hypo-MD was responsible for a re-increase in blood lipids and glucose tolerance parameters. Changes in visceral adiposity and glucose control-related variables were more consistent in patients with metabolic syndrome. However, in these patients the hypo-MD did not result in a consistent re-increase in glucose control-related variables. A dietary program consisting in a ketogenic regimen followed by a balanced MD appeared to be feasible and efficacious in reducing cardiovascular risk, particularly in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Are Changes In 25(OH) Vitamin D Levels And Changes In Insulin Secretion Mediated By Changes In Visceral Adiposity? Results From A Lifestyle Intervention Study In Viscerally Obese Men*

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Fasting during Ramadan and Associated Changes in Glycaemia, Caloric Intake and Body Composition with Gender Differences in Singapore

Millions of Muslim patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) fast during Ramadan. However, little is known about the metabolic impact of Ramadan fasting. We aimed to study the changes in body composition and metabolic profile in this group of patients. We studied 29 Southeast Asian Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes; all underwent pre-Ramadan education. Study variables were weight change, body composition (using multifrequency bioimpedance method, InBody S20®, Biospace, South Korea), blood pressure (BP), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting lipid profile, and caloric intake assessment using FoodWorks® nutrient analysis software. Twenty-three subjects fasted ≥15 days; mean ± SD: 57 ± 11 years; 52% were males. HbA1c improved significantly (8.6 ± 2.4% pre-Ramadan vs 8.0 ± 2.3% end-Ramadan, P = 0.017). Despite similar body weight, there was reduction in body fat mass (BFM) (30.9 ± 11 kg vs 29.2 ± 12.2 kg, P = 0.013). Multivariate analysis suggested that the reduction in HbA1c was attributed by reduction in BFM (β = -0.196, P = 0.034). There was no change in visceral adiposity (visceral fat area (VFA)) but stratification by gender showed a reduction amongst females (137.6 ± 24.5 cm2 to 132.5 ± 25.7 cm2, P = 0.017). These changes occurred despite similar total caloric intake (1473.9 ± 565.4 kcal vs 1473.1 ± 460.4 kcal, P = 0.995), and proportion of carbohydrate (55.4 ± 6.3% vs 53.3 ± 7.5%, P = 0.25) and protein intake (17.6 ± 4.1% vs 17.3 ± 5.4%, P = 0.792), before and during Ramadan respectively, but with increased proportion of fat intake (11.9 ± 2.4% vs 13 ± 11.7%, P = 0.04). Seven out of 23 patients had medications adjusted to avert symptomatic hypoglycaemia but none of the patients developed severe hypoglycaemia. Ramadan fasting can be practiced safely with prior patient education and medication adjustment. It also confers modest benefits on metabolic profile and body composition, especially among females.

Meta-analysis Of The Effect Of Exercise Training Versus Diet On Visceral Adipose Tissue And Weight Loss

Lifestyle interventions like aerobic exercise training (“training”) and caloric restriction (“diet”) are frequently prescribed for weight-management in obesity, with studies suggesting a larger effect of diet on weight loss. Importantly, visceral adiposity (VAT) is a stronger and more important predictor for all-cause morbidity and mortality than body weight. Currently, it is not known which of these 2 interventions have superior effects on VAT. PURPOSE: With the use of a meta-analysis, we compared the impact of training versus diet on VAT in overweight/obese humans. Secondly, we examined the correlation between changes in body weight and VAT after both, training and diet. METHODS: Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Embase were systematically searched for eligible studies. Included studies were clinical or randomized controlled trials in which training and/or diet was implemented for >4 weeks (112 studies, n=4,815). RESULTS: Training and diet caused VAT loss (standard mean difference: 95%CI -0.56/-0.39 and 95%CI-0.71/-0.55, respectively, both P DISCUSSION: Both exercise training and diet reduce VAT. Despite a larger effect of diet on body weight loss, training tends to have superior effects in reducing VAT. Finally, weight loss does not necessarily reflect loss in VAT after lifestyle interventions and may lead to spurious conclusions when evaluating benefits of lifestyle-interventions on body composition.

Changes in Visceral Adiposity and Serum Cholesterol with a Novel Viscous Polysaccharide in Japanese Adults with Abdominal Obesity

Evidence supports the role of dietary fiber in improving metabolic health. PolyGlycopleX (PGX), a viscous functional polysaccharide improves lipidemia and glycemia in healthy adults. Our objective was to examine the effects of PGX on risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in Japanese adults with abdominal obesity. Sixty four subjects assigned to 14 weeks of 15 g day(-1) of PGX or placebo were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. At week 0 and 14, primary outcome measures were serum lipids, abdominal adiposity, glucose tolerance and blood pressure. Total and LDL cholesterol were reduced at week 14 with PGX but not placebo (P < 0.05). The reduction in waist circumference at week 14 was greater with PGX versus placebo (P < 0.05). In females, abdominal visceral fat was decreased to a greater extent with PGX versus placebo (P < 0.05). While glucose tolerance worsened with placebo over time, PGX reduced glucose total area under the curve from week 0 to 6 (P = 0.039). Serum concentrations of resistin and IL6 increased slightly in placebo and decreased slightly with PGX . PGX is a functional fiber that shows promise in reducing risk factors related to the metabolic syndrome in Japanese adults with abdominal obesity.

Changes in Visceral Adiposity and Serum Cholesterol With a Novel Viscous Polysaccharide in Japanese Adults with Abdominal Obesity

Objective: Evidence supports the role of dietary fiber in improving metabolic health. PolyGlycopleX® (PGX®), a viscous functional polysaccharide improves lipidemia and glycemia in healthy adults. Our objective was to examine the effects of PGX® on risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in Japanese adults with abdominal obesity. Design and Methods: Sixty four subjects assigned to 14 weeks of 15 g day−1 of PGX® or placebo were assessed in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. At week 0 and 14, primary outcome measures were serum lipids, abdominal adiposity, glucose tolerance and blood pressure. Results: Total and LDL cholesterol were reduced at week 14 with PGX® but not placebo (P < 0.05). The reduction in waist circumference at week 14 was greater with PGX® versus placebo (P < 0.05). In females, abdominal visceral fat was decreased to a greater extent with PGX® versus placebo (P < 0.05). While glucose tolerance worsened with placebo over time, PGX® reduced glucose total area under the curve from week 0 to 6 (P = 0.039). Serum concentrations of resistin and IL6 increased slightly in placebo and decreased slightly with PGX®. Conclusions: PGX® is a functional fiber that shows promise in reducing risk factors related to the metabolic syndrome in Japanese adults with abdominal obesity.

Change in Visceral Adiposity Independently Predicts a Greater Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Over 10 Years in Japanese Americans

OBJECTIVE—Visceral adiposity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. We sought to determine whether change in intraabdominal fat area (IAF) over time predicts subsequent development of diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We followed up 436 nondiabetic Japanese-American subjects (mean age 51.9 years, mean BMI 24.2 kg/m2, 54% male) for development of diabetes. We fit a logistic regression model to examine the association over a 10-year follow-up between change in IAF at 5-year follow-up and other fat areas (measured by computed tomography) and development of incident diabetes, adjusted for age, sex, family history of diabetes in a first-degree relative, second-generation versus third-generation Japanese American (Nisei vs. Sansei), baseline IAF, BMI, weight change over time, smoking status, physical activity level, and subcutaneous fat (SCF) depot areas.RESULTS—Cumulative incidence of diabetes was 20.4% at 10 years. Mean change in IAF was 10.9 cm2. An increase of 1 SD in IAF was associated with a 1.65-fold increase in the odds of diabetes over 10 years (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.21–2.25) after adjusting for the above covariates. This association was also independent of changes in thoracic, thigh, and abdominal SCF, as well as change in weight.CONCLUSIONS—We conclude that baseline IAF and accumulation of fat in this area over time are independent predictors of the development of type 2 diabetes in Japanese Americans.

Sedentary Behaviour, Visceral Fat Accumulation and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adults: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study from the Quebec Family Study

BackgroundSedentary behaviour has recently emerged as a unique risk factor for chronic disease morbidity and mortality. One factor that may explain this relationship is visceral adiposity, which is prospectively associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and mortality. The objective of the present study was to determine whether sedentary behaviour was associated with increased accumulation of visceral fat or other deleterious changes in cardiometabolic risk over a 6-year follow-up period among adult participants in the Quebec Family Study.MethodsThe current study included 123 men and 153 women between the ages of 18 and 65. Total sedentary time and physical activity were assessed by self-report questionnaire. Cross-sectional areas of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were assessed using computed tomography. Cardiometabolic biomarkers including fasting insulin, glucose, blood lipids, HOMA-Insulin Resistance, and oral glucose tolerance were also measured. All variables of interest were collected at both baseline and follow-up.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex, baseline BMI, physical activity, energy intake, smoking, education, income and menopausal status, baseline sedentary behaviour was not associated with changes in visceral adiposity or any other marker of cardiometabolic risk. In the longitudinal model which adjusted for all studied covariates, every 15-minute increase in sedentary behaviour from baseline to follow-up was associated with a 0.13 cm increase in waist circumference (95% CI = 0.02, 0.25). However, there was no association between changes in sedentary behaviour and changes in visceral adiposity or other markers of cardiometabolic risk.ConclusionThese results suggest that neither baseline sedentary behaviour nor changes in sedentary behaviour are associated with longitudinal changes in visceral adiposity in adult men and women. With the exception of waist circumference, the present study did not find evidence of a relationship between sedentary behaviour and any marker of cardiometabolic risk in this population.