Changes In Ownership Research Articles

Change of Ownership and Quality of Home Health Agency Care

The home health agency (HHA) market has seen increasingly more change in ownership transactions. Little is known about the organizational characteristics and quality of care of HHAs after ownership has changed. To examine whether an HHA change in ownership was associated with different quality-of-care outcomes, patient volume, and staffing levels. Using current HHA change of ownership files linked to publicly available Medicare HHA data, this staggered difference-in-differences analysis evaluated ownership change transactions of Medicare-certified HHAs from quarter 1 of 2016 to quarter 4 of 2019. Pretransaction and posttransaction HHA characteristics and quality-of-care outcomes were compared between HHAs that changed ownership and up to 8 matched controls. The transactions in the main analysis included (1) when an HHA remained as for-profit with a change in ownership and (2) when an HHA changed from nonprofit/public to for-profit ownership. The data were analyzed between November 2023 and September 2024. The primary outcomes were HHA-quarter measures of star ratings, the individual quality measures that compose the star ratings based on the Outcome and Assessment Information Set, and claims-based quality metrics, such as hospitalizations and emergency department visits. The secondary outcomes included HHA year measures of Medicare patient volume, per capita payments, and staffing levels (full-time equivalents and minutes per visit). The main dataset included 294 Medicare-certified HHAs that changed ownership, matched with 2330 controls. In 3 years after an ownership change, quarterly star ratings increased by 0.18 (95% CI, 0.05-0.31) relative to matched controls, with greater increases among HHAs that converted from nonprofit/public to for-profit. No significant improvement was observed in the 60-day rates of hospital admissions or outpatient emergency department visits. Further, no significant changes were observed in the number of Medicare beneficiaries, but per capita payments increased within 2 years post-ownership change. Significant reductions were observed in full-time equivalents of registered nurses (-17% [95% CI, -31% to -3%]) and home health aides (-26% [95% CI, -39% to -13%]), as well as per-visit minutes for skilled nursing care (-5% [95% CI, -9% to -1%]), physical therapy (-3% [95% CI, -5% to 0%]), and home health aide care (-11% [95% CI, -15% to -6%]). In this difference-in-differences analysis of Medicare-certified HHAs, ownership change was associated with higher star ratings and Medicare per capita payments, but not with claims-based quality measures. Reduction in staffing levels after ownership change raises concerns about implications for quality of care.

The relationship between violent political rhetoric and suicide rates

ABSTRACT Among the groupings of Social Work Grand Challenges is Individual and Family Well-Being. One threat to individual and family well-being is suicide. Between 2011 and 2022 over half a million Americans committed suicide. Suicide has profound effects on family members. Recent research has found violent political rhetoric (VPR) as an aspect of the social environment is associated with violence, including mass shootings and police shootings of civilians, both threats to individual and family well-being. No studies have investigated the possible relationship between VPR and suicide rates. This study, a secondary analysis of publicly available data, addresses this absence. The dependent variable was suicide rates in the U.S. Census regions. Independent variables included census region populations, VPR, gun ownership, and temperature. Panel analysis methods with Driscoll-Kraay robust standard errors were used. Statistically significant relationships between suicide rates and VPR, changes in gun ownership, and temperature were found, with between-region differences. Violent political rhetoric appears to be associated with increasing suicide rates, and these relationships may differ between regions. Implications of these findings for future research and for social work efforts to combat the effects of VPR and potentially reduce suicide rates, especially for populations targeted by VPR, are considered.

Цементное производство в России: заинтересованные стороны и эффективность регионального бизнеса в конце XIX века

The activities of “Petersburg Company for the production of Glukhoozersky Portland cement and other building materials” between 1879 and 1899, although only a initial period segment in its history, provides a holistic overview of phase that enterprise underwent on their path to becoming a large industrial firm. This study aims to improve and expand knowledge about the capacity and difficulties of industrial company to adapt to market changes and maintain their competitiveness, interregional coherence and organizational flexibility. This article explores changes in ownership and management structure and application of new technological practices during this period, which in turn led this enterprise to the status of the leader in the cement industry in capital. A case study of key group of shareholders (military engineers) tests the effectiveness of model of reconciliation of interests on results of twenty years of work of the company.

Post-acquisition transformation challenges: how did the change in ownership affect Soni Manipal Hospital, Jaipur, in the early years?

Subject area of the teaching case MBA. Student level and proposed courses the teaching case can be used on Master’s level in Change Management, Organizational Leadership and Human Resource Management. A brief overview of the teaching case Mr Sharma, the dynamic and entrepreneurial Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the newly formed Soni Manipal Hospital (SMH), Jaipur, and Unit Head, Manipal Hospitals [Manipal Health Enterprises Pvt Ltd. (MHEPL)], in a meeting with SMH’s Head of Human Resources and the Head of the Nursing Management, Mr Yaduvanshi realised the exponential growth of employee resistance, their lack of skills and technological advancements for documentation hindering the hospital's transformation goal. The case study highlighted the challenges the protagonist faced when taking charge as the CEO after nine months of acquisition and the factors contributing to them. Expected learning outcomes Students reading this case are expected to understand leadership theories, strategic and quality management approaches, and theories of social behaviour, such as Herzberg’s two-factor theory and social exchange theory (SET) and the application of these concepts in acquired organisations to develop healthy leadership–employee relations and change management theories. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human resource management.

Analysis of the spatio-temporal distribution of Chinese professional football clubs and influential factors based on empirical evidence of clubs

The frequent relocation of professional football clubs is a phenomenon unique to Chinese professional football, which has long attracted extensive attention from policy makers and scholars. Using data on spatial geography and competitive levels between 1994 and 2021, this research explores the spatial distribution and migration characteristics of top professional football clubs in China, in which GIS spatial analysis and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) were used to analyze the influence of the regional economic, demographic, and developmental levels of the sports industry and institutional supply on the distribution and migration of clubs. The results indicate the following: (1) the overall spatial distribution of professional football clubs in China shows the pattern of “more in the east and less in the west”, and the degree of club concentration gradually increases over time; (2) the migration frequency and downward migration of professional football clubs in China gradually decreased during the period of C League and CSL, and the overall situation tends to be stable; and (3) in the early stages of development of professional leagues, changes in ownership and local policy supply had a significant impact on the distribution and migration of professional clubs. As time progressed, the top-down design of institutional arrangements changed, and the regional economic, demographic, and developmental levels of the sports industry gradually became the essential determinants of the distribution and migration of professional football clubs. In the future, Chinese professional football clubs should focus on rationalizing the advantages of the regional economy, demography, and sports industry as well as reducing their reliance on short-term resources, such as corporate investment and policy benefits.

Environmental Impacts of Transportation Network Company (TNC)/Ride-Hailing Services: Evaluating Net Vehicle Miles Traveled and Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts within San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C. Using Survey and Activity Data

Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) play a prominent role in mobility within cities across the globe. However, their activity has impacts on vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study quantifies the change in personal vehicle ownership and total miles driven by TNC drivers in three metropolitan areas: San Francisco, CA; Los Angeles, CA; and Washington, D.C. The data sources for this analysis comprise two surveys, one for TNC passengers (N = 8630) and one for TNC drivers (N = 5034), in addition to data provided by the TNC operators Uber and Lyft. The passenger survey was deployed within the three metropolitan areas in July and August 2016, while the driver survey was deployed from October to November 2016. The TNC operator data corresponded with these time frames and informed the distance driven by vehicles, passenger frequency of use, and fleet level fuel economies. The data from these sources were analyzed to estimate the impact of TNCs on travel behavior, personal vehicle ownership and associated VMT changes, as well as the VMT of TNCs, including app-off driving. These impacts were scaled to the population level and collectively evaluated to determine the net impacts of TNCs on VMT and GHG emissions using fuel economy factors. The results showed that the presence of TNCs led to a net increase of 234 and 242 miles per passenger per year, respectively, in Los Angeles and San Francisco, while yielding a net decrease of 83 miles per passenger per year in Washington, D.C. A sensitivity analysis evaluating net VMT change resulting from vehicle activity and key behavioral impacts revealed the conditions under which TNCs can contribute to transportation sustainability goals.

Sustainability of the community model of avocado production in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Michoacán, México

The avocado is a commodity crop that has generated severe environmental and social impacts in Michoacán, the world’s leading producer. Current studies overlook the diversity of avocado production by focusing on Michocán’s central region, while the regions of a more recent expansion remain poorly studied. We analyzed the model of avocado production in five indigenous communities in the municipality of Zitácuaro that have part of their territory within the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. We use the Framework for the Evaluation of Management Systems using Sustainability Indicators to characterize and evaluate the sustainability of the Community Model of Avocado Production (CMAP). Based on 42 interviews with producers, we identified eleven critical points related to environmental (small-scale production; forest conservation; high prophylactic use of agrochemicals; high dependence on irrigation), economic (high crop diversity; low profitability; high yield loss to pests; low economic diversification), and social (high dependence on technical advisors; low dependence on labor force external to the community; few changes in land ownership) aspects of sustainability. The CMAP has productive and socio-political characteristics that represent strengths and weaknesses for its sustainability. The main environmental results suggest that the avocado expansion (2007–2022) in the communities did not involve a change in forest land use. Socially, the CMAP favors the local workforce and facilitates the maintenance of land ownership. The sustainability of CMAP is mostly limited by its economic aspects. With adequate economic support for socially and environmentally sustainable productive practices, the CMAP can improve the local livelihoods while promoting forest conservation.

Doing nothing is no solution: Coastal erosion management in Guardamar del Segura (Spain)

Human activities like dam construction in rivers and urban development in coastal areas, combined with climate change, are degrading coastal systems. As a result, many European countries have implemented laws and strategies to protect their shorelines. This research focuses on Guardamar del Segura in Spain, where human actions in the Segura River basin and changes in wave patterns have significantly damaged the beach-dune system, with erosion rates reaching −0.71 m/year. If these rates and extreme climate events continue to rise, the shoreline will keep retreating, leading to the destruction of beachfront houses and parts of the dune surface by 2050. This will cause changes in land ownership and irreversible ecological damage to the natural ecosystem. The Spanish Public Administration's inaction on coastal protection is due to a lack of coordination between government levels, insufficient technical tools to combat erosion, and inadequate legal mechanisms to fund protective measures. In contrast, countries like Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom have effective models in place. Potential solutions for Guardamar del Segura include beach and dune restoration or adding sand through revetments. Another option is a managed retreat of the most vulnerable buildings to avoid continuous repair and maintenance costs. Coastal erosion is a growing issue, and preserving our coastal ecosystems requires proactive measures, so doing nothing is no solution.

Quality indexes of land ownership and land cover as indicators of small lake catchment degradation

Changes in land ownership, generally resulting in changes in land cover and progressive fragmentation of catchments, often result in the inability to take pro-environmental measures. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of land ownership on the environmental status of small, but environmentally valuable lake catchments. The study of environmental quality in terms of ownership and land cover was conducted in lake catchments located in the central part of the West Polesie Transboundary Biosphere Reserve. In total, the ownership type was determined for 5661 plots and the land cover type was determined for 2502 subdivisions. The quality of the analysed elements of the study catchments was subjected to expert evaluation using a modified Stapel Scale and was presented using two Qualitative Indexes proposed: Land Cover [Lc] and Land Ownership [Lo]. The obtained values of Index Lc ranged from −0.18 to +1.97, and Index Lo from −1.87 to +2.00. Application of the Average Land Quality Index [LQ], in turn, made it possible to randomise the environmental quality of the analysed catchments, for which it was from −1.02 to +1.99 (areas of very good and very poor environmental quality, respectively). The analyses indicated, for example, catchments that were significantly degraded because of a very large number of private plots in their area − in the five analysed catchments, this ranged from 505 to 719 and their average area was 0.19–1.10 ha. It is noteworthy that very unfavourable land ownership conditions and land cover structure were found in the Poleski National Park catchments – the area with the highest protection status. The proposed assessment system can be used for preliminary analysis of actual and potential threats to lake catchments so as to indicate possible directions of conservation measures and their sensibility.

The cry of Landless Smallholder Women Farmers and Agro-Processors in Northern Ghana- Evidence from West Mamprusi Municipality

Women’s access to critical resources such as land is one of the most topical issues amongst development practitioners, gender advocates, and policymakers alike. Land is one of the bases of wealth, power, and authority in most developing countries. As such, no meaningful development takes place without land resources, yet gender inequalities concerning land allocation and distribution exist in most Sub-Saharan African countries, especially northern Ghana where the majority of the affected are women. This paper examined the effect of the customary land tenure system on landless women smallholder farmers and Agro-processors in West Mamprusi Municipality. Primary data from individuals and household heads, chiefs, and Tingban-dima (landowners), were gathered using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. The secondary was also extensively reviewed as a complement to the primary data in the area of study. The study revealed significant gender disparities between men and women relative to land allocation and land access. Women's access to land was abysmal compared to that of men. The situation was also found to be aggravated by the dominant patriarchal relations which favor men relative to property ownership. only a handful of women had owned and had access to some lands but in most cases, such lands were reported to be poorer in quality, and lack proximity relative to complementary resources such as water. additionally, some lands in the hands of women came in with hefty royalties, thereby exacerbating their plight. The productive capacity of women in food production, agro-processing, vegetable production, and animal husbandry was found to be impeded by the land tenure system which limits their livelihood opportunities thereby widening the poverty gap between women and men. Nonetheless, women's access to land has seen a bit of improvement over the years, considering the recognition of women’s contribution to household income and the nutritive diet of children, but Indigenous traditional inheritance structures still limit the potential of women in this direction. The need to therefore advocate for a change in traditional land ownership and distribution by emphasizing on women’s rights and contribution to development. The constitution of Ghana allows for equal access to land irrespective of gender; this must therefore be advocated. This will address the gender gap in land and water resources to pave the way for women in agriculture, which will improve rural livelihoods, especially women of reproductive age.

Moderate of audit committee on components of the fraud hexagon theory and fraudulent financial statements

This study aims to analyze the effect of each component of the fraud hexagon theory on fraudulent financial statements with the audit committee as a moderator. This research was conducted at banking sector companies listed on the IDX in 2019-2022, totaling 47 companies. The sampling method uses purposive sampling which results in 44 companies with 176 financial data used as samples. Data analysis was carried out on secondary data with SEM-PLS analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that independent commissioners who hold concurrent positions, the ratio of total accruals to total assets (TATA) and ineffective monitoring have no effect on fraudulent financial statements. External pressure has a negative effect on fraudulent financial statements, while changes in directors and managerial ownership have a positive effect on fraudulent financial statements. The audit committee is able to moderate the effect of external pressure, change of directors, managerial ownership and ineffective monitoring on fraudulent financial statements. The audit committee is unable to moderate the effect of independent commissioners who hold concurrent positions, the ratio of total accruals to total assets (TATA) on fraudulent financial statements.

Nursing Home Compare star ratings before versus after a change in nursing home ownership.

Efforts to increase transparency and accountability of nursing homes, and thus improve quality, now include information about changes in nursing home ownership. However, little is known about how change in ownership affects nursing home quality. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 15,471 U.S. nursing homes between January 2016 and December 2022, identifying all changes in ownership during that period. We used logistic regression to measure the association between nursing home characteristics and the odds of a change in ownership. A difference-in-differences model with multiple time periods was used to examine the impact of a change in ownership on the Medicare Nursing Home Compare 5-star ratings. One in five (23%) facilities changed ownership between 2016 and 2022. Nursing homes that were urban, for-profit, part of a chain, located in the South, had >50 beds, lower occupancy, higher percentage of stays covered by Medicaid, higher percentage of residents with non-white race, or a 1-star (poor) rating were more likely to undergo a change in ownership. There was a small statistically significant decrease in 5-star ratings after a change in ownership (-0.09 points on a 5-point scale; 95% CI -0.13 to -0.04; p < 0.001), driven primarily by a decrease in staffing ratings (-0.19 points; 95% CI -0.24 to -0.14; p < 0.001), and health inspections ratings (-0.07 points; 95% CI -0.11 to -0.03; p = 0.001). This was mitigated by an increase in quality measure ratings (0.15 points; 95% CI 0.10-0.20; p < 0.001). Nursing Home Compare ratings decreased slightly after a change in facility ownership, driven by lower staffing and health inspection ratings and mitigated somewhat by higher quality measure ratings. These conflicting trends underscore the need for transparency around changes in facility ownership and a better understanding of consequences of changes in ownership that are salient to patients and families.

Carbon Disclosure and Common Ownership

The crossholding of multiple firms by major shareholders in the same industry is known as common ownership. In this article, we examine how common ownership affects the carbon-related disclosure practices of cross-held firms. We report that common ownership decreases a firm’s propensity to disclose carbon information as well as the quality of such disclosures. A one standard deviation increase in measures of common ownership decreases the likelihood of participating in the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) survey by as much as 19.4%. Our results are robust to exogenous events, such as changes in common ownership and robustness tests, including Heckman two-stage regression and the exclusion of the financial sector. Further analyses demonstrate that the negative impact of common ownership on carbon disclosures is stronger in carbon-intensive sectors than in other sectors and for hard than for soft disclosures.

So How Did We Get Here? A Historical Case Study of Migrant Employment in the New Zealand Hotel Sector

This article maps the transition from a corporatist to a neoliberal consensus in the hotel industry in New Zealand, focussing on the changing labour conditions for migrant workers. We show how the current vulnerabilities for migrant workers, such as poor pay and conditions, and low unionisation, came into being. While much “presentist” research takes migrant worker vulnerability in hospitality and tourism for granted, this article finds that migrant workers did not always experience such vulnerability but, rather, this was constructed over time. The impacts of employment legislation and ownership changes during the 1980s and 1990s were crucial. By taking a critical historical employment relations approach, we better contextualise the current moment of labour shortages, reliance on migrant labour and by “race to the bottom” employment conditions. This suggests that the drive for sustainable employment practices will remain “aspirational” until the power imbalance in New Zealand employment relations is addressed.

The influence of the ideas about human nature on attitudes towards charity in conservatism

This article analyzes approaches to the problem of charity and human nature that have developed within conservative political philosophy. The study analyses the philosophical and religious ideas which constituted the foundation for the categories, conceptions and key values of conservatism. An overview of the historical context and organizational principles in philanthropy is also provided. The study is based on texts by representatives of conservative political philosophy of the 19th–20th centuries, analysis of charitable practices, and analysis of institutions in the field of social policy. Conservative political philosophy generally encourages charity, but due to the different perceptions of human nature within conservatism, divergences arise between thinkers who can be divided into liberal conservatives and paternalists. The first group of contradictions is related to the perception of the personality of the recipient of assistance. Liberal conservatism most often relies on Protestant arguments and perceives poverty as a problem that requires a solution and associates it with character defects. Paternalistic conservatism retained the idea of an “economy of salvation” from Catholicism, when the poor repaid the rich with prayers for help, and saw poverty as a form of social service and, therefore, an option for the complete development of the individual. The second group of contradictions is related to the perception of the personality of the benefactor. According to the paternalistic interpretation, charity is considered a targeted service and a means for consolidating hierarchical relationships. In liberal conservatism, attention is paid to the problem of human propensity for evil, and, consequently, to the question of organizing charity through mechanisms that would minimize arbitrariness. Both approaches are primarily concerned with the protection of order and property, and differ both from liberalism, which speaks of freedom of contractual relations between autonomous individuals, and from socialism, which expects that changes in property ownership will change the human nature and eliminate the need for private charity.

O-288 Pro

Abstract Currently and globally, the majority of ART treatments are performed either fully in the private medical sector or are partially subsidized in the public sector but with common treatments spill-over to the private sector; countries where there is sufficient public coverage of ART are in fact rare. While private clinics and hospital have been the norm in ART for decades, in recent years the field has undergone significant consolidation, and this has resulted in an influx of large financial players such as private equity (PE) firms. The results are a series of mergers and acquisitions that are shaping the geography of ART provision. In this debate, I will take on the “pro” side and I will highlight the scholarship around the changes in care brought about by PE ownership of medical practices, bringing examples from branches of medicine such as dermatology, dentistry, long term care or Ob&amp;Gyn that have experienced market consolidation in the last decades. I will show that available evidence indicate that the change in ownership to PE of private medical practices is associated with an increase in the number of patients treated and a net increase in payments to clinicians. Moreover, PE ownership has been repeatedly associated with a perception of higher quality care by patients, while clinical KPIs have not gotten worse and, if anything, have improved. This is usually due to greater intentional focus on standardization and quality control, streamline and protocolization of treatments, and centralization of certain administrative areas. I will further argue that, in large PE owned networks, best practices tend to be enhanced by peer to peer sharing and central medical boards, while centralization and digitalization of patient data collection favors research and development in a field that sorely lacks public funding for reproductive research.

Blockchain technology in drug traceability

Currently, Drug Counterfeiting is biggest challenge pharma industry is encountering as high market demand of the drugs and due to high profit margin. The lack of data transparency and lack of traceability also lured black market for the counterfeiting which impact Pharma organization and putting the life of the patient in danger. Through the Drug Supply chain substantial portion of the counterfeit drug are getting injected and distributed through healthcare supply chain network, so supply chain is playing vital role in the drug distribution and impact the patient life. Through digitalization in the healthcare sector, Blockchain technology give platform with groundbreaking results via providing the system for the drug traceability with consideration of the critical requirement of transparency, privacy, authenticity with involving any third party. In Blockchain technology, each distribution partner registered to maintain transparency with the drug information. Real time transfer the information about the change of ownership with date and time in forms of blocks giving the visibility to all the partners real time with authenticity of drugs. This article will give the information about the use of the block chain technology benefit to the pharmaceuticals industry and traceability and trackability information of drugs from end-to-end of the pharmaceutical supply chain.

Are beneficial ownership laws important? Exploring the impact of Panama, FinCEN, and Pandora Papers on beneficial ownership laws in the UK and the US

Money laundering and reverse money laundering, also known as terrorism financing, have emerged as critical issues in the 21st century, posing threats to security, economic stability, and the integrity of financial systems. This article explores the growing use of anonymous shell companies as a method for executing money laundering and reverse money laundering. It focuses on two key jurisdictions: the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (US).The research draws on case studies published by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, including the Panama Papers, FinCEN Files, and Pandora Papers. These case studies have prompted regulatory changes in beneficial ownership This study examines the practical implementation of laws, comparing the approaches of the UK and the US. It addresses the vulnerabilities revealed by the aforementioned case studies and assesses the actions taken by these countries in response to the leaks. The study evaluates the progress achieved in enhancing beneficial ownership regulations and reducing anonymity in shell company creation.In conclusion, this article provides insights and recommendations for future developments in this critical area.

Why does community ownership foster greater acceptance of renewable projects? Investigating energy justice explanations

ABSTRACT The fact that community ownership increases the social acceptability of renewable energy projects is well established, but there is a lack of empirical evidence to explain why this is the case. This study examines whether energy justice factors (fair involvement, fair distribution of benefits and perceived impacts from wind turbines) can help explain this relationship, whether these factors are interrelated, and whether different ownership structures (community, shared or private ownership) change these associations. Using a postal survey of residents in Scotland (n = 320), the study employs a novel method, Multigroup-Structural Equation Modelling, to investigate these questions. This modelling reveals that acceptance of these projects was influenced by factors of energy justice (i.e. fair involvement, fair benefits and perceived impacts), but the influence from each factor depended on the ownership structure. Specifically, those near the community-owned project prioritised involvement, those near the privately-owned valued fair benefits, and those near the shared ownership prioritised both. By examining the relationships amongst energy justice factors, the real-life complexity of people’s responses to wind energy projects is revealed, whereby factors can have knock-on effects. Importantly, this study finds that the community and shared ownership projects fostered greater community acceptance than the privately-owned because they had more instances where fair involvement influenced other factors, which led to greater overall acceptance. Although community involvement may seem time-consuming, a more inclusive approach can prevent long-term issues caused by local opposition. Policy Highlights Community ownership of renewable energy projects leads to greater acceptance by local residents, as long as the projects meet their expectations. Energy justice plays a crucial role in acceptance of onshore wind energy projects, but residents prioritise different aspects depending on ownership. Policymakers and developers should take into account the preferences and concerns of local residents when designing renewable projects, especially in terms of fair involvement and fair distribution of benefits. Better support for communities and developers is essential if the Scottish Government want shared ownership offered on all new projects.

Who Owns the Neighborhood? Ethnoracial Composition of Property Ownership and Neighborhood Trajectories in San Francisco

Property owners play pivotal roles in the trajectories of neighborhoods with discretion over upkeep, residential turnover, and affordability. Yet, little is known about how and why the racial composition of ownership changes over time relative to residents within a neighborhood and, in turn, how this relates to the neighborhood’s change and stability. With a self-constructed dataset of all residential transactions in San Francisco from 1990 to 2017, we consider how the ethnoracial composition of ownership differs from that of residents and how this difference relates to neighborhood change. We find that neighborhoods with more non-White residents have greater differences between the ethnoracial compositions of owners and residents, with the largest differences in neighborhoods with more Black residents. An increase in the divergence between these distributions is related to future increases in White and Asian residents and higher socioeconomic status residents and decreases in Black and Hispanic residents, illustrating that neighborhoods where owners are more ethnoracially distinct from the residents are more prone to neighborhood change and residential turnover. Our findings contribute to understandings of inequalities in property ownership and illuminate the role of ownership in neighborhood change in the contemporary city.