Change In Job Status Research Articles

CARING FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DEMENTIA AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN LOS ANGELES: A CAREGIVER PROFILE

Abstract In 2020, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health launched Healthy Brain LA (HBLA). HBLA is a multi-pronged project designed to promote cognitive health, reduce the risk of dementia, and help develop a dementia-focused strategic plan for Los Angeles County (LAC) that prioritizes the needs of those impacted by dementia and cognitive impairment and their caregivers. To support this effort, the HBLA team analyzed weighted data from the 2019 and 2020 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) to better understand the profile of adult caregivers of individuals with dementia and cognitive impairment. CHIS is a publicly available, population-based, web and telephone survey that asks California residents about a wide range of health topics, yielding representative data on all 58 counties in the state. In 2019-2020, an estimated 1.6 million adults provided care to individuals aged 18 years or older in LAC. About 322,880 of those caregivers provided care for individuals with dementia and cognitive impairment, representing 2% of LAC’s adult population. Many of these caregivers were female (59%), Latino/Hispanic (44%), and between 50-64 years of age (32%). Most of them experienced challenges, such as financial stress (61%), physical/mental health problems (18%), or a change in job status (27%), due to caregiving. These data provide the first local estimate of dementia and cognitive impairment caregiving in nearly 15 years. Results offer critical information about this population that will be used by the HBLA team and its partners to guide efforts to effectively meet the needs of caregivers in LAC.

Association between work situation and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: prospective cohort study in Norway

ObjectivesTo estimate the impact of being laid off from work, having to work from home or having been diagnosed with COVID-19 on self-reported satisfaction with life.DesignNationwide population-based cohort study.SettingNorway.ParticipantsWe followed...

Getting down to business: an examination of occupational outcomes in cognitive behavioral therapy for depression

ABSTRACT Depression is associated with unemployment and poor occupational functioning. Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms, the degree to which it improves occupational outcomes has received little attention. We investigated change in job status and presenteeism (i.e., the inability to focus on and accomplish work) over the course of CBT. We assessed employment status, presenteeism, depressive symptoms, cognitive style, and CBT skills at intake and posttreatment in a sample of 126 participants enrolled in a 16-week course of CBT for depression. Employment status significantly improved from pre to posttreatment, with 11 of the 27 patients (41%) seeking to improve their employment status achieving this goal. Among the 59 consistently employed patients, presenteeism decreased significantly over the course of treatment (dz = 1.13). We also found, even after controlling for changes in symptoms, reductions in negative cognitive style (but not changes in CBT skills) were associated with reductions in presenteeism. Our findings suggest CBT patients experience positive changes in occupational outcomes, both in finding work and being more focused and productive at work. Changes in negative cognitive styles appeared to partly explain this latter change. We encourage future work examining CBT’s impact on occupational outcomes.

Determinants of Increased Tobacco Consumption Following a Major Disaster.

Experience of a major disaster can potentially impact on tobacco consumption. Our objective was to explore the determinants of increasing tobacco consumption after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Miyagi Prefectural Health Survey 2014: a total of 2632 people were randomly selected from residents aged ≥20 years in Miyagi, Japan. Of 2443 respondents (response rate = 92.8%), 551 current smokers (411 men) were included in the analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for increasing tobacco consumption were calculated using multivariable logistic regression models including variables of age, sex, disaster-related job status change, education status, self-rated health, and age at smoking initiation. After adjustments for all variables, significantly higher ORs for increasing tobacco consumption after the GEJE were observed in women (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.10-3.15), 20-39 years old (OR = 5.18; 95% CI = 2.28-11.75), 40-59 years old (OR = 3.97; 95% CI = 1.76-8.94) and respondents who had lost their jobs (OR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.06-11.05) than the counterpart categories. This study found 3 determinants of increasing tobacco consumption after a major disaster: being a woman, being of working age, and experiencing disaster-related job loss.

Sex-Specific Impact of Changes in Job Status on Suicidal Ideation.

Background: Around the globe, 800,000 people die from suicide every year. Despite being one of the leading causes of death, suicide remains a low public health priority. Korea has the second highest total suicide rate among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore how changes of job status influence suicidal risk in Korea, which lags behind other OECD countries in job security because temporary and part-time jobs are more prevalent in Korea. Method: We made use of a large longitudinal dataset, the Korea Health Panel (KHP). Results: Our findings revealed that a negative change in employment status increased the risk of suicide, but only for males. Limitations: Some individuals might intentionally change their job status, but the data do not indicate why the job status of an individual changes. Conclusion: These findings provide useful insights regarding the Korean labor market. In particular, tackling the issue of job stability, providing training polices for the unemployed and under-employed, and considering social insurance schemes may help to reduce suicide risk.

Do Types of Employment Matter in Explaining Juvenile Delinquency? A Longitudinal Study of South Korean Youth

This study examines the effects of job type on crime and substance use. The longitudinal panel data from the Korean Youth Panel Survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute are utilized to explore this question. Results from the fixed effects models show that a job status change from nonworker to worker holding an informal job increases the chance of participating in crime and substance use. Interestingly, a job status change from nonworker to worker holding a formal job is not associated with an involvement in crime and delinquency. In addition, it shows that the effects of job type on crime and delinquency are not varied by gender except for an intensive female worker who holds a formal job.

New onset of asthma and job status change among world trade center responders and workers.

Despite the high rates, the consequences of new onset asthma among the World Trade Center (WTC) responders in terms of the change in job status have not been studied. This study consists of a cohort of 8132 WTC responders out of the total 25 787 responders who held a full-time job at the baseline visit, and participated in at least one follow-up visit. Overall, 34% of the study cohort changed their job status from full-time at a follow-up visit. Multivariable models showed that asthmatics were respectively 27% and 47% more likely to have any job status change and get retired, and twice as likely to become disabled as compared to non-asthmatics. With asthma incidence from WTC exposure, negative job status change should be considered as a potential long-term consequence of WTC exposure.

Catastrophic health expenditure according to employment status in South Korea: a population-based panel study

ObjectivesCatastrophic health expenditure (CHE) means that the medical spending of a household exceeds a certain level of capacity to pay. Previous studies of CHE have focused on benefits supported by...

Retirement as Meaningful: Positive Retirement Stereotypes Associated with Longevity.

Studies examining the association between retirement and health have produced mixed results. This may be due to previous studies treating retirement as merely a change in job status rather than a transition associated with stereotypes or societal beliefs (e.g., retirement is a time of mental decline or retirement is a time of growth). To examine whether these stereotypes are associated with health, we studied retirement stereotypes and survival over a 23-year period among 1,011 older adults. As predicted by stereotype embodiment theory, it was found that positive stereotypes about physical health during retirement showed a survival advantage of 4.5 years (hazard ratio = 0.88, p = .022) and positive stereotypes about mental health during retirement tended to show a survival advantage of 2.5 years (hazard ratio = 0.87, p = .034). Models adjusted for relevant covariates such as age, gender, race, employment status, functional health, and self-rated health. These results suggest that retirement preparation could benefit from considering retirement stereotypes.

Impact of change in job status on mortality for newly onset type II diabetes patients: 7 years follow-up using cohort data of National Health Insurance, Korea

This study investigates the relationship between change in job status and mortality of newly diagnosed type II diabetes patients by gender. Newly onset of individuals diagnosed with type II diabetes in the years 2003 and 2004, had 7 years follow-up using National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) sample cohort data. The individuals diagnosed with type II diabetes within this period were 14,861. After adjusting for age, initial income group, insulin treatment and medical service utilization, hazard ratio was analyzed using Cox's proportional hazard model. Mortality hazard ratio of continuously unemployed individuals is 3.78 times higher in males and 9.78 times higher in females than in those who keep their jobs. Also, individuals with a change in job status (e.g. from industrial worker to unemployed or self-employed), the mortality hazard ratio is 2.24 times higher in males and 5.23 times higher in females than in those who keep their jobs. The impact of change in job status change is largest for the middle class males. The middle class males has the higher mortality hazard ratio, 6.14 times in maintain unemployed and 4.12 times in change his job (industrial worker to unemployed or self-employer) than maintain one's job. The continuous unemployment and the loss of job are related to risk of death in diabetic patients. The impact of unemployed is stronger than job change (loss or change). The impact of job status change is largest for the middle class man.

Impact of changes in economic status on catastrophic health expenditures among households with people with a disability in South Korea

Aims: Although people with a disability need comprehensive and consistent healthcare services because they often have both common and disability-related health problems, their economic status may restrict healthcare service use. This study investigated the impact of economic status changes on catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) among people with a disability in South Korea. Methods: We retrieved 4,065 household records from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled (2010–2012) and explored potential relationships among disability status, economic change, and CHE. Results: Households in which people with a disability recently lost a job or had been unemployed [(Odds ratios (OR): 2.30, 1.68, respectively)] were more likely to incur CHE compared with those with a consistent job. In addition, households with people with a mild disability who either lost or gained a job or who was already unemployed (OR: 3.12, 2.10, 1.73, respectively) were more likely to incur CHE than households with people with a severe disability who had been supported by medical aid. Conclusion: Households with people with a disability who experiences a change in job status are more likely to face barriers to needed healthcare services than those with no such change, indicating that job status may be a more significant factor for CHE than level of disability.

Changes in economic status of households associated with catastrophic health expenditures for cancer in South Korea.

Cancer imposes significant economic challenges for individuals, families, and society. Households of cancer patients often experience income loss due to change in job status and/or excessive medical expenses. Thus, we examined whether changes in economic status for such households is affected by catastrophic health expenditures. We used the Korea Health Panel Survey (KHPS) Panel 1st-4th (2008- 2011 subjects) data and extracted records from 211 out of 5,332 households in the database for this study. To identify factors associated with catastrophic health expenditures and, in particular, to examine the relationship between change in economic status and catastrophic health expenditures, we conducted a generalized linear model analysis. Among 211 households with cancer patients, 84 (39.8%) experienced catastrophic health expenditures, while 127 (40.2%) did not show evidence of catastrophic medical costs. If a change in economic status results from a change in job status for head of household (job loss), these households are more likely to incur catastrophic health expenditure than households who have not experienced a change in job status (odds ratios (ORs)=2.17, 2.63, respectively). A comparison between households with a newly-diagnosed patient versus households with patients having lived with cancer for one or two years, showed the longer patients had cancer, the more likely their households incurred catastrophic medical costs (OR=1.78, 1.36, respectively). Change in economic status of households in which the cancer patient was the head of household was associated with a greater likelihood that the household would incur catastrophic health costs. It is imperative that the Korean government connect health and labor policies in order to develop economic programs to assist households with cancer patients.

Using CREAM and CEMonitor for job submission and management in the gLite middleware

In this paper we describe the use of CREAM and CEMonitor services for job submission and management within the gLite Grid middleware. Both CREAM and CEMonitor address one of the most fundamental operations of a Grid middleware, that is job submission and management. Specifically, CREAM is a job management service used for submitting, managing and monitoring computational jobs. CEMonitor is an event notification framework, which can be coupled with CREAM to provide the users with asynchronous job status change notifications. Both components have been integrated in the gLite Workload Management System by means of ICE (Interface to CREAM Environment). These software components have been released for production in the EGEE Grid infrastructure and, for what concerns the CEMonitor service, also in the OSG Grid. In this paper we report the current status of these services, the achieved results, and the issues that still have to be addressed.

Clinical, Cognitive, and Genetic Predictors of Change in Job Status Following Traumatic Brain Injury in a Military Population

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk associated with military duty, and residual effects from TBI may adversely affect a service member's ability to complete duties. It is, therefore, important to identify factors associated with a change in job status following TBI in an active military population. On the basis of previous research, we predicted that apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype may be 1 factor. Cohort study of military personnel who sustained a mild to moderate TBI. Military medical clinics. Fifty-two military participants were recruited through the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, affiliated with Naval Medical Center San Diego and the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Concussion Clinic located at the First Marine Division at Camp Pendleton. A multivariate statistical classification approach called optimal data analysis allowed for consideration of APOE genotype alongside cognitive, emotional, psychosocial, and physical functioning. APOE genotype, neuropsychological, psychosocial, and clinical outcomes. We identified a model of factors that was associated with a change in job status among military personnel who experienced a mild or moderate TBI. Factors associated with a change in job status are different when APOE genotype is considered. We conclude that APOE genotype may be an important genetic factor in recovery from mild to moderate head injury.

The effects of work- and family-related transitions on young people’s perception of being adult

Using a nationwide sample of 2656 eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds, the first part of the present study addressed the question of how non-traditional as compared to traditional living arrangements related to young people’s self-perception of being either adolescent or adult. Being in a romantic relationship increased the likelihood of feeling adult. Modern adult living arrangements (living alone in a single household or sharing an apartment with peers) increased the likelihood of feeling adolescent. Employing a longitudinal sample of 461 twenty- to twenty-seven-year-olds, changes in job status and sources of income were studied with regard to their connections to the emergence of subjective adulthood or the regression to subjective adolescence, respectively. No association between adult or adolescent self-perception and issues of work and material autonomy was found, but the emergence of subjective adulthood was related to romantic relationships and parenthood. Findings are discussed with reference to young people’s volatile living conditions and transient commitments implied by social change.

Identity Theft and the Academic Curriculum Vitae: How Do I Know You Are Who You Say You Are?

The English poet Praed sarcastically described an individual hose claims of greatness were supported only by his own stateents. In the field of medicine and surgery we are frequently alled on to describe our personal achievements and accomlishments. Every application for renewal of hospital privileges, tate licensure, reviews for academic advancement, considertion for a job or change in job status, and location or invitation o lecture is accompanied by a request for a “current CV.” What onstitutes a current CV? Is there a standard form for academic Vs? How can you reconstruct your CV once it has been mislaced or become outdated? Recent headlines and commercials have warned us about the angers of identity theft. The concept of loss of who we are ssails us from every front. Through the use of clever voice-over ubbing techniques, we have been shocked at the concept of the oss of our identity leading to financial ruin. We are familiar ith the commercials for security options that portray the voice f a scoundrel emanating from the form of an innocuous apearing person living well from a stolen identity. In the past this olumn has prattled on about various and sundry topics includng Internet security. Past columns from as distant as the Noember/December 2000 issue warned about the dangers of dentify theft and the loss of your unique identify in the deep ark corners of the Internet. Shortly after I received an e-mail equest to resend a copy of an article I had reviewed for this ournal, I identified yet another form of identity theft peculiar o the academic physician/surgeon. This theft involves the loss f supporting information to substantiate our education or raining. In most instances of this type of theft, we become the

Long-term follow-up evaluation of cold sensitivity following nerve injury

This article reports the long-term follow-up evaluation (mean, 10 years) findings of 50 patients with upper-extremity peripheral nerve injuries. The most common persistent symptom was cold sensitivity (n = 38), and 33 of 38 patients rated its intensity as moderate or severe. Cold sensitivity typically developed within months after initial injury and resolved in only 2 patients. No significant difference in the incidence of cold sensitivity was found between patients with subjectively normal hand sensation (7 of 11) and those who reported abnormal hand sensibility (31 of 37). A cold sensitivity severity score (CSSS) was determined; a significant relationship was found between the CSSS and the patient's subjective rating of cold sensitivity intensity and change in job status or occupation due to injury (p < or = .02). No significant relationships were found between incidence of cold sensitivity and age, mechanism of injury, smoking, or level of nerve injury. A significant relationship was found between cold sensitivity and digital amputation injuries (p < or = .05). Thus, cold sensitivity is a common sequela following nerve injury and does not decrease over time.

Effects of a Mandatory Health Screening and Physical Maintenance Program for Law Enforcement Officers.

In brief: High-risk, physically demanding occupations such as police work are associated with high medical costs. The potential economic benefits of health assessment, disease prevention, and performance testing Programs, in contrast to post hoc remedial Programs, have seldom been evaluated. This article presents the effects of such a program on 4,480 California Highway Patrol officers who were tested every six months over an 18month period. Mean systolic blood pressure and resting heart rate decreased significantly, and the proportion of officers who passed an ergometer test simulating job demands increased from 59.2% to 76.3%. Medical referrals and health-related changes in Job status decreased during the program. On-the-job injuries and cardiovascular events, which previously had been increasing, also declined.

Relationships between psychological factors and cardiac rhythm and electrical disturbances

The paper explores some relationships between psychological state and cardiac electrical and arrhythmic abnormalities. Prior studies of large clinic populations have disclosed an association between such disorders and hospitalizable mental illness. Conversely, some series of cardiology patients have commonly manifested severe psychological symptoms in the setting of even mild or transient cardiac symptoms. Frequently no cardiac disease was found. Careful studies of individual patients demonstrate that emotional arousal, sometimes related to a specific emotion in a given patient, can trigger episodes of serious arrhythmias. Seven patients with severe, symptomatic, intractable EKG-documented cardiac arrhythmias were interviewed. Recent changes in job status occurred in 5 patients prior to the first onset of arrhythmias. The immediate precipitants of arrhythmic crises included some emotional experiences, such as a patient's son hugging him, and some emotionally trivial experiences, such as awakening in the morning or standing up. Severe and unusual fatigue was present in 3 of the patients prior to their first arrhythmic crisis. It was concluded that important events with relatively long-term consequences in an individual's life may tonically lower the threshold to arrhythmias, and that the short-term effects of a diversity of physiological events (e.g., effort, emotional arousal, relaxation) may interact with the lowered threshold to precipitate and arrhythmic crisis.

The electrocardiogram in neurocirculatory asthenia, anxiety neurosis, or effort syndrome

The paper explores some relationships between psychological state and cardiac electrical and arrhythmic abnormalities. Prior studies of large clinic populations have disclosed an association between such disorders and hospitalizable mental illness. Conversely, some series of cardiology patients have commonly manifested severe psychological symptoms in the setting of even mild or transient cardiac symptoms. Frequently no cardiac disease was found. Careful studies of individual patients demonstrate that emotional arousal, sometimes related to a specific emotion in a given patient, can trigger episodes of serious arrhythmias.Seven patients with severe, symptomatic, intractable EKG-documented cardiac arrhythmias were interviewed. Recent changes in job status occurred in 5 patients prior to the first onset of arrhythmias. The immediate precipitants of arrhythmic crises included some emotional experiences, such as a patient's son hugging him, and some emotionally trivial experiences, such as awakening in the morning or standing up. Severe and unusual fatigue was present in 3 of the patients prior to their first arrhythmic crisis. It was concluded that important events with relatively long-term consequences in an individual's life may tonically lower the threshold to arrhythmias, and that the short-term effects of a diversity of physiological events (e.g., effort, emotional arousal, relaxation) may interact with the lowered threshold to precipitate and arrhythmic crisis.