Innovation Change Research Articles

6.Y.2. AI and health care: what are the capabilities and limitations?

Abstract With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and their implementation in health care, there is a critical need to explore the different applications and implications of AI. This workshop seeks to look at different aspects of AI, both potential applications for AI technology in health, public opinions of use of AI in health care, and the reality of implementing AI in different contexts. Understanding health care approaches to AI from different countries is a unique opportunity for shared learning of innovations across various sectors of health care and patient engagement in order to most effectively engage this emerging field. AI, in whichever form it may be incorporated into health care, has the opportunity to impart meaningful, innovative change, but understanding this new technology comes with important questions. This session will dive into research on AI in various areas of health care by 1) looking at different ways AI is being harnessed in health care; 2) discussing lessons which can be learned and adapted from other countries; 3) discussing promising solutions and approaches to implementing AI in health care; 4) discussing the limitations or concerns of integrating AI in health care. The panel will be composed of 1 moderator and 2 panelists. Panelists are experts in their fields, established researchers and practitioners, and alumni of the Harkness Fellowship from Germany and the United Kingdom. A moderator will briefly frame the discussion for the audience and introduce the speakers and their presentations before leading an interactive, engaging question and answer portion. The coherence of this panel lays in its theme of leveraging AI to enhance healthcare delivery and understanding ways we can work across countries to foster ethical, equitable AI technologies that revolutionize healthcare practices with the ultimate goal of improving patient outcomes and health system efficiencies. Dr. Saira Ghafur from the U.K. will begin by presenting her research on evidence-based reasons for implementing AI in health care and Dr. Benedikt Simon from Germany will close out by discussing his work in AI in Germany and the challenges that have prevented robust integration. Each panelist will speak for roughly 8-10 minutes, with about 5 minutes reserved for moderator and audience questions. Key messages • Sharing cross-country experiences and research enables us to better understand how AI can impact health care. • In weighing both the benefits and challenges or limitations of implementing AI, we can best understand effective approaches to utilizing AI in health care.

The Impact of the Digital Economy on China's Economic Development

Abstract: This paper explores the impact of the digital economy on China's economic development. The digital economy, as a new form of the economy following the agricultural and industrial economies, centres on data resources and modern information networks, driving the digital transformation of all factors of production. The Chinese government places great importance on the development of the digital economy, clarifying its direction and key tasks through policy documents such as the "14th Five-Year Plan for Digital Economic Development". This paper analyses the current state of development of the digital economy in e-commerce, digital payments, and big data applications, and discusses its impact on industrial structure, employment, and consumption patterns. The study shows that the digital economy has promoted the upgrading of traditional industries and the growth of emerging industries, while also bringing about changes in employment structure and innovation in consumption methods. However, it also poses challenges to the job market, which need to be addressed through skills training and educational reform.

Localized environmental governance for carbon dioxide removal in small island developing states: Challenges and opportunities

Accelerating the net-zero economy requires understanding energy consumption patterns, renewable technology attitudes, and acceptance of sustainable energy systems. This study explores how behavioral modification campaigns reduce residential energy use, promote energy-efficient products, and improve consumption patterns. Decentralization and digitization of energy infrastructure have spawned new markets and business models, giving customers more energy control and improving efficiency. The unique regulatory structure of Ireland's single power market makes it a compelling case study. The study examines Irish consumers' sustainable energy beliefs and behaviors from 1992 to 2022 using a 40-question survey. The data show that smart energy solutions for carbon-conscious families have pros and cons. Consumer knowledge of environmental issues and willingness to accept new energy technology are high, but cost and perceived complexity remain impediments to wider implementation. The research emphasizes technical innovation and behavioral change in energy reduction and greener energy promotion. These findings can help engineers, industry stakeholders, and politicians reach climate policy goals and carbon neutrality. Policymakers should support smart energy adoption, reduce cost barriers, and simplify the process. A fair and sustainable net-zero economy transition requires consumer education and decentralized energy market policies. This research underscores the importance of customized policies that leverage technology and behavior to mitigate the effects of climate change.

Towards the Concept of Digital Grassroots Youth Innovation

In recent years, young people have acquired a more active role in different areas of public life, such as culture, politics and gender debates. However, the relevance of their role in innovation processes has remained largely undiscussed. Are young people, in particular those from working class backgrounds, a forgotten actor for innovation and technological change policies? This study aims to understand whether the youth population—who are widely connected to the Internet, who do not necessarily participate in formal educational spaces but are increasingly acquiring digital skills autonomously—can be considered as an agent of innovation. Specifically, this study aims to propose and define the concept of Digital Grassroots Youth Innovation. It is based on both empirical and theoretical sources. On the one hand, it relies on a compilation of experiences of innovative activities related to digital technologies led by young people in Argentina. On the other hand, it is supported by a theoretical discussion on (a) the different types of innovations and their subjects, (b) the specificities of the ‘marginal mass’ in informational capitalism and (c) the characterisation of the young population in Argentina as ‘NEET’ (not in education, employment or training). Finally, we ask about the role played by digital technologies and non-formal learning in these particular innovation processes.

What can we know about legal minors who inject drugs? Exploring register data in three high-income countries

Background Research on legal minors who inject drugs is rare and beset with methodological problems. We explore the potential of register data for researching this population and present illustrative analyses contributing to the knowledge base. Method We obtained register data with national coverage from three high-income countries and assessed its analytic potential across two research themes. Descriptive analyses of the obtained data explored prevalence, mean age of debut, delay to accessing services, and treatment needs. Results There were differences in register types and variables collected within and between each country. The analytical potential of register data was assessed as good. Prevalence of injecting debut before the age of 18 (IDU < 18) was 29% (Sweden), 23% (Switzerland), and 5%–9% (Wales). IDU < 18 took longer to access services in each country than those with debut as adults. Complex treatment needs were identified, including mental health, education, and housing. Conclusion Register data is a viable method for better understanding this small, ‘hidden’ population, albeit with important caveats. Adolescent drug services may need to deliver or link to a range of treatment responses beyond drug use. Innovative outreach, and legal and policy change may be needed to ensure harm reduction access while injecting continues.

Transformative social work education through a joint MSW programme: from participatory action research to policy and practice innovation in China

ABSTRACT In China, social work was reestablished in 1988. Despite the number of social work programmes increased very fast throughout the 1990s, there was a huge need for social work-trained educators. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Peking University launched the MSW (China) Programme in 2000 to create a critical mass of social work educators who would assume future leadership in social work development in mainland China. Participatory action research was employed as a methodology to explore how social work education could transform students into catalysts for social work education and social development. Purposive sampling was adopted, and seven cohorts totaling 238 graduates who graduated from the programme were the participants in this research. Data collection and analysis were carried out throughout the action research process. We found the triple capacity building model to be a good pedagogy to foster transformation among participants, and to steer the knowledge co-creation, practice innovation, policy reform, and social change through social work education. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the background, vision, and mission, as well as the teaching pedagogy of the programme and a case study to demonstrate how social work education has an impact on policy and practice innovation in China.

Burj Rashid: a tale of two tides – rising waters and changing traditions

PurposeThis paper delves into the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and practices of Burj Rashid, an ancient historical city on Egypt’s northern coast, which stands at the meeting point of the Nile’s western branch and the Mediterranean Sea. Burj Rashid boasts a strategic location and rich natural resources and has a long history of relationships between land, people, river, sea and climate change, serving as a model for residents’ adaptation to their ever-changing surroundings.Design/methodology/approachClimate studies have exposed the village’s vulnerability to climate and topographical hazards such as rising temperatures, shifting weather patterns, decreasing precipitation, encroaching seas due to sea level rise, coastal erosion and high soil salinization. These factors pose a high risk of water scarcity, crop failure in the medium term, potential famine in the long term and declining fish populations, threatening fishing communities. To address these challenges, the Net Zero: Heritage for Climate Action project - launched by the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) and the First Aid and Resilience for Culture in Times of Crisis program, funded by Swedish Postcode - proposes a research and development methodology through a platform that weaves together heritage knowledge and climate science. The Egyptian Heritage Rescue Foundation has implemented a platform in Burj Rashid as an innovative site to study risks, vulnerabilities and capacities.FindingsThe project will explore root causes, identify risk scenarios and establish a stakeholder map to guide the development of mitigation strategies and resilience-building measures.Originality/valueBy harnessing the wisdom of TEK and integrating it with scientific knowledge, the project paves the way for innovative climate change adaptation strategies that ensure the long-term sustainability of Burj Rashid’s unique cultural heritage.

Research on the Impact Mechanism of ETS on Green Innovation in China’s High-Carbon Industries: A Perspective of Enterprise Heterogeneity

Green technology innovation is an important driving force for low-carbon development of enterprises. As a market-based environmental policy to promote greenhouse gas emission reduction, whether carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) can encourage enterprises to carry out green technology innovation under the background of “dual carbon” goal deserves further research. Taking Chinese A-share listed enterprises in the five major sectors as samples, this study constructed a modified Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to test the causal effect of ETS on green innovation in high-carbon industries. Three significant results can be summarized from the empirical study. Firstly, the ETS has a significant promoting effect on green innovation of high-carbon enterprises. And it can effectively promote high-carbon enterprises to achieve an average of a 13.24–19.56% increase in low-carbon innovation capabilities. Secondly, enterprises with different characteristics have heterogeneity in the impact of ETS implementation on green innovation. Secondly, the implementation of ETS exerts heterogeneous effects on green technology innovation across enterprises that possess diverse characteristics. Enterprises with a large capital scale (low equity concentration) have a more significant promoting effect than those with a small capital scale (high equity concentration). Thirdly, the green innovation effect of ETS exhibits significant heterogeneity across different types of industries. In the mining, manufacturing, and construction sectors, the ETS has effectively stimulated green innovation to a certain extent. There has been no significant change in green innovation in the sector of electricity, heat, gas, and water production and supply. In particular, after the implementation of the ETS, green innovation has actually been weakened in the transportation sector. As such, for policy makers, differentiated ETS policies should be implemented based on the actual situation of different industries and types of carbon-emitting enterprises.

Revolutionising the ready-made garments firms in Bangladesh: strategies for transformative change towards sustainable product innovation

ABSTRACT Ready-Made Garments (RMG) firms, particularly in developing economies such as Bangladesh, struggles to integrate sustainability into its operations and product innovation. Limited supportive policies and institutions exacerbate this challenge, hindering the industry's ability to produce high-standard and globally competitive sustainable products. Drawing on case studies of Bangladesh’s RMG firms, this qualitative paper aims to identify potential strategies and commitments to drive transformative change in the RMG firms towards sustainable product innovation. It addresses the main questions on the drivers of transformative change in sustainable product innovation, as well as firm leadership responses to sustainable development. Key findings from key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGD) indicate drivers and strategies for transformative change towards sustainable product innovation in five dimensions: sustainability practices, market demands, firms’ commitments and initiatives, policy and regulatory framework, and technology and innovation. The findings of the paper highlights policy insights and leadership roles that contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the crucial factors and guidelines for initiating transformative changes in the RMG firms towards sustainable products. Also, a framework with insights from stakeholders is developed based on the findings to provide leadership guidance and recommendations for companies in the RMG sector and other related industries.

THE POTENTIAL OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN IMPROVING THE PROCESS OF TRAINING AND RETRAINING OF MILITARY DOCTORS

The issue of improving the process of training and retraining of military doctors is determined by changes in the security environment of the state today, and the need to develop the military medical sector in the conditions of long-term resistance to russian aggression. This article highlights the potential of using digital technologies to improve the process of training and retraining of military doctors. The results of a survey of trainees at the Ukrainian Military Medical Academy (a higher military medical educational institution that provides training, retraining and advanced training of specialists in almost all specialties for the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military establishment of Ukraine) are presented. It is shown that for the implementation of changes in the system of training and retraining of military doctors the Academy provides for a number of measures: introducing innovative changes in the content and methodology of education; introduction of flexible technology for planning and organizing the educational process, focused on personalization of learning; development of international scientific and scientific-medical collaborations. Based on the conducted research, it was determined that in the conditions of active hostilities in Ukraine, it is digital technologies that make it possible to quickly introduce changes in the process of training and retraining of military doctors by improving the educational and informational environment. It was established that improving the readiness of military doctors to use digital technologies in their professional activities requires their end-to-end use in the entire training system. The article provides examples of the use of digital technologies in the process of training and retraining of military doctors.

Innovation and Byzantine Alchemy in Context: The Constantinian Solidus and the Chrysopoetic Goal

The concept of innovation has not been thoroughly explored in the context of Byzantine science, much less so concerning Byzantine alchemy. This article argues that persisting historiographical biases depicting Byzantium as a stagnant culture also influence perceptions of Byzantine science as anti-innovative. Building on recent advancements in the study of innovation in Byzantine culture broadly, this article first conducts a preliminary examination of the relationship between science and innovation in Byzantium, revealing intriguing dynamics between the concepts of “tradition” and “innovation”. Next, it investigates a case study of innovation in Byzantine alchemy, namely how a monetary and economic innovation, the introduction of the solidus by Constantine the Great, likely influenced the perception of alchemy as primarily a chrysopoetic art. In essence, it explores how an external innovation can impact a scientific field, potentially leading to innovative conceptions and change within it.

A Review of emergency medical services for stroke

In the past decade, Emergency Medical Services have been associated with innovations in technology; the 911 telephone system and two-way radio have developed the notification, scheduling, and response processes. The recent twenty years have witnessed the unparalleled innovation changes of the computer framework. These new frameworks in mobile, social, cloud computing or big data concentrations essentially affect the entire society. In the last ten years, major innovation and strategic improvements have occurred, which will affect the concepts and communication methods of Emergency Medical Service in the future. Emergency Medical Service can treat various diseases in the correct way. For example, Emergency Medical Service personnel's early recognition of stroke performance is an important ideal consideration for patients with stroke patients. Pre-stroke screening tools that have been preliminarily evaluated for sensitivity and specificity are necessary to improve detection rates for the pre-court stroke by Emergency Medical Service experts. This is an excellent time for Emergency Medical Service to play a key role in achieving and transcending vision. The motivation behind this article is to provide extensive investigations and unique opportunities for Emergency Medical Service personnel groups to solve how to improve. Keywords: Emergency medical service; stroke; management; strategies; technologies.

Enhancing environmental quality and economic growth through potential effects of energy efficiency and renewable energy in Asian economies

This study examines the potential impacts of energy efficiency and renewable energy on economic growth proxies by gross domestic product and environmental quality proxies by carbon dioxide emissions across eight selected Asian countries from 2000 to 2020. This study contributes by calculating green total factor productivity and carbon total factor productivity based on the famous Solow’s residual via employing a modified extensive growth accounting model that internalized ignored factors such as energy efficiency and renewable energy. The employed panel cointegration techniques confirm that all variables are co-integrated with carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth. The pooled mean group/autoregressive distributed lag model analysis results indicate that energy efficiency is positively associated with both environmental quality and economic growth. Renewable energy hurts economic growth but has a positive effect on environmental quality which suggests the necessity of implementing an effective strategy for renewable energy alongside energy efficiency measures to enhance economic growth and environmental quality in the selected Asian countries. The findings from the fully modified ordinary least squares estimator are consistent with the environmental quality model. The average growth rate of green total factor productivity is positive despite negative contributions from energy efficiency and renewable energy. Similarly, the average growth rate of carbon total factor productivity is negative despite positive contributions from labor and capital. This discrepancy may be attributed to the beneficial effects of labor and capital as input productivity-driven. Embracing renewable energy sources can take significant steps toward improving environmental quality for future generations. Focusing on green technologies that enhance energy efficiency can substantially promote environmental quality and stimulate sustainable economic growth through innovation and climate change integration to achieve Sustainable Development Goals.

From living heritage values to value-based policymaking: exploring new indicators for Abu Dhabi’s sustainable development

This exploratory study offers an analysis of Abu Dhabi’s living heritage ecosystem. It borrows from approaches predominantly used in the healthcare field and develops a value-based framework that provides a broader understanding of heritage and its integration into innovation, economic development, and societal change in Abu Dhabi. This framework includes three steps: (1) identification of the individual heritage values (‘heritage drivers’) through ethnographic interviews; (2) aggregation of the dynamics impacting the practical realization of these values and relative identification of value-based policymaking areas; and (3) suggestion of an approach that builds indicators to assess the impact of living heritage policies contributing to the achievement of the UN SDGs and their relevance to grassroots ‘heritage drivers’. This study also addresses the existing methodological gap in qualitative surveys focusing on Abu Dhabi’s cultural landscape, which is characterized by ongoing transformations. The UAE’s current social, economic, and political conditions continuously shape Abu Dhabi’s approach to using its rich tangible and intangible heritage as a catalyst for new articulations between the ‘local’ and the ‘global’. Even if the epistemological approach suggested in this paper is far from exhaustive, the interdisciplinary aspect of this research has practical implications that may be useful for international researchers and policymakers working in a variety of fields.

Energy management of residential buildings using innovative passive techniques

Abstract Recently, efforts on sustainability and energy savings in buildings have increased due to the growing global awareness of the energy use of buildings and the negative impacts of carbon dioxide emissions on climate change. As a result, it is critical to propose effective strategies to reduce such energy consumption. The goal of this project is to advance the idea of net-zero energy buildings as a worldwide mitigation method for climate change. Thus, a numerical model was developed and validated to investigate the passive cooling capabilities of an innovative phase change material (PCM)-based phase cube in residential buildings. The proposed phase cube includes six various PCM-compact storage module (PCM-CSM) configurations including Rubitherm’s SP-24E plates (Horizontal), Half Circular Inline, Half Circular Staggered, Vertical plates, Inline Cylindrical and Staggered Cylindrical compact storage modules. All the proposed designs were numerically simulated, and the obtained results were compared and analysed at an inlet air temperature and velocity of 35°C, and 4m/s, respectively and each phase cube contained the same mass of Rubitherm’s SP-24E PCM, which was 30.326 kg. The results showed that the Horizontal, Half Circular Inline and Vertical phase cubes can absorb heat at a higher rate from fresh air at nearly 496.19w, 465.9w and 458.16w, respectively translating the lowest outlet air temperature of about 25°C from the cube. Integrating such phase cubes into residential buildings for indoor passive air cooling substantially decreased the building cooling loads, resulting in reduced electric energy consumption by the air conditioning system.

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation among latino MSM: a qualitative scoping review of implementation determinants and change methods.

The increasing rates of HIV among Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) necessitate innovative and rigorous studies to evaluate prevention and treatment strategies. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective tool in preventing HIV acquisition and plays a crucial role in the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. initiative. However, there is a scarcity of PrEP research specifically focused on Latino MSM, and the factors influencing its implementation remain largely unknown. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive review exploring the determinants (barriers and facilitators) of PrEP implementation among Latino MSM, as well as the change methods (implementation strategies and adjunctive interventions) that have been evaluated to promote its adoption. Our review encompassed 43 peer-reviewed articles examining determinants and four articles assessing change methods. Determinants were coded using the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR 2.0) to understand the multilevel barriers and facilitators associated with implementation. The majority of research has focused on PrEP recipients (i.e., patients), primarily examining their awareness and willingness to use PrEP. Fewer studies have explored the factors influencing clinicians and service delivery systems. Additionally, the evaluation of change methods to enhance clinician adoption and adherence to PrEP and recipient adherence to PrEP has been limited. It is evident that there is a need for culturally adapted strategies tailored specifically for Latino MSM, as the current literature remains largely unexplored in this regard. By incorporating principles from implementation science, we can gain a clearer understanding of the knowledge, skills, and roles necessary for effective cultural adaptations. Future research should emphasize factors influencing implementation from a clinician standpoint and focus on innovative change methods to increase PrEP awareness, reach, adoption, and sustained adherence among Latino MSM.

Shaping innovative change through concentrated, distributed, or hybrid leadership? Organizational resilience in women’s liberal arts colleges

ABSTRACT Decades of research suggest that women’s liberal arts colleges (WLACs) are models of excellence in supporting gender equity in higher education and society generally. But as WLACs face competition from coeducational counterparts for women students, their specialized mission compounds strong external threats to their sustainability. Consequently, these institutions may deploy different leadership approaches through which they synergize social interdependencies across the campus to innovate and thrive. To examine the connection of leadership to innovation at WLACs, we apply concentrated, distributed, and hybrid leadership theories to illuminate multi-campus case-studies of the engagement of administrative and faculty groups in academic changes taking place. Our empirical themes supported flexible perspectives on communication and decision-making: one case-site featured hybrid leadership to coordinate formal (administrative) and informal (faculty and staff) leaders in large-scale efforts, while the other case-site reflected distributed leadership via bottom-up, faculty-driven initiatives in discrete siloes of expertise on campus. Moreover, the study’s findings suggested that cultural and material resources mediated who distributed leadership, how leadership was distributed, and what was distributed, differentiating campuses’ respective social processes and outcomes of change. We discuss implications for theory, practice, and research that collectively emphasize WLACs’ mission-driven social activity, which animates their resilience and public purposes.

Youth as Catalysts for Socio-Economic Development: The Role of Technological Innovation and Social Change in Enugu State, Nigeria

The role of youth in driving socio-economic development through technological innovation and social change has become increasingly significant in Nigeria. This paper explores how the innovative capabilities of the youth population can be harnessed to address socio-economic challenges, foster sustainable development, and transform the country's socio-economic landscape. It argues that the intersection of technology and social change, driven by youth, presents a critical opportunity for Nigeria to leapfrog into a more prosperous and equitable society. The paper further discusses the challenges faced by Nigerian youth in this role, including inadequate access to resources, education, and mentorship, and suggests strategic interventions to enhance their impact. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis to understand the subject comprehensively. The findings underscore the potential of youth-led technological innovation and social change as a pathway to socio-economic development, calling for policies that support and empower young innovators.

Investigating the impact of the internet on managing green financial innovation and improving agricultural conditions in water-scarce Asian regions using ANN modeling

This research focuses on the importance of management strategies, green innovation, and sustainable practices in the agricultural sector. These factors are crucial for job creation, food security, and environmental conservation. Particularly in water-scarce regions, effective management is necessary to overcome natural resource constraints and encourage a shift towards digital agriculture (AGRI). The study aims to identify and analyze the challenges and issues related to agricultural research and technology in Asian countries. The collected data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis in the SPSS software. The analysis revealed a range of issues and challenges for agricultural development, including those related to the structure and policy framework, the availability and quality of resources and infrastructures, and the provision of effective support services, all of which encompassed factors such as research and technology investment, research management, productivity, research culture, networking, and the integration of higher education and agricultural research. To estimate the efficiency of technology development, agricultural development, and support services for AGRI, an artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized. The ANN was trained by incorporating changes in management strategies, green innovation, and sustainability across a broader range of experimental scenarios. The evaluation of the ANN's predictions showed that improvements in management strategies and the adoption of green innovation and sustainability significantly impacted the productivity of technology development, agricultural development, and support services for AGRI. The accuracy of the ANN's predictions was further assessed using linear regression. The results indicated an acceptable level of error when compared to the target results obtained from experimental tests. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of effective management, green innovation, and sustainable practices in driving advancements in technology and agricultural development.

Designing a knowledge transfer model for accelerating urban climate adaptation in Malaysia

The urgency of adapting urban areas to the increasing impacts of climate change has prompted the scientific community to seek new approaches in partnership with public entities and civil society organizations. In Malaysia, Penang Island has developed a nature-based urban climate adaptation program (PNBCAP) seeking to increase urban resilience, reduce urban heat and flooding, strengthening social resilience, and build institutional capacity. The project includes a strong knowledge transfer component focused on encouraging other cities in the country to develop and implement adaptation policies, projects, and initiatives. This research develops a model adopting the most efficient processes to accelerate the transfer of knowledge to promote urban adaptation based on the PNBCAP. The methodology is developed based on a review of literature focused on innovation systems and change theories. The integration of success strategies in adaptation contributes to informing the creation of solutions around the alliance of local, state, and national government agencies, scientific institutions, and civil society organizations, in a new framework designated the Malaysian Adaptation Sharing Hub (MASH). MASH is structured in 3-steps and will function as an accelerator for the implementation of urban climate adaptation policies, with the target of creating 2 new adaptation-related policies to be adopted annually by each city member, based on knowledge gathered in the PNBCAP. It is concluded that, to speed up urban adaptation, it is necessary to reinforce and promote the sharing of knowledge resulting from or associated with pilot projects.