Changes In HDL-C Research Articles

Vitamin Supplementation in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, contributing to a significant public health burden. While pharmaceutical interventions like statins are effective, the increasing interest in non-pharmaceutical approaches has sparked debates on the role of vitamin supplementation in CVD prevention. Despite some studies suggesting benefits from vitamins with antioxidant properties, evidence remains inconclusive. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various vitamins in reducing CVD risk using a network meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted on clinical trials investigating vitamin supplementation for CVD prevention. Data were sourced from MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and other databases. Studies were selected based on specific criteria, including randomized controlled trials with at least six months of follow-up and reported CVD outcomes. The primary outcomes included CVD mortality and risk of heart disease, while secondary outcomes focused on stroke and myocardial infarction. A random-effects model was employed to calculate risk ratios (RR), and meta-regression analyses explored the relationship between vitamin use and lipid levels. Discussion: The analysis revealed that vitamins B, D, and E were particularly effective in reducing CVD risk. However, there was no significant added benefit from combining multiple vitamins over using individual vitamins. While niacin showed potential benefits in reducing stroke and coronary artery disease in statin-intolerant populations, its overall impact on CVD mortality was not significant. Conclusion: This review provides valuable insights into the role of vitamins in CVD prevention, demonstrating that individual vitamins like B, D, and E are effective in reducing risk, while multivitamin combinations offer no additional advantage. The lack of correlation between HDL-C changes and CVD outcomes suggests that future research should focus on other mechanisms beyond lipid management.

DHA dietary intervention caused different hippocampal lipid and protein profile in ApoE-/- and C57BL/6J mice

BackgroundChanges in protein and lipid levels may occur in the Alzheimer’s disease brain, and DHA can have beneficial effects on it. To investigate the impact of DHA dietary intervention on brain protein and lipid profile in ApoE-/- mice and C57 mice. MethodThree-month-old ApoE-/- mice and C57 mice were randomly divided into two groups respectively, and fed with control diet and DHA-fortified diet for five months. Cortical TC, HDL-C and LDL-C levels and cholesterol metabolism-related protein expression were measured by ELISA or immunohistochemistry methods. Hippocampus were collected for proteomic and lipidomics analysis by LC-MS/MS and differential proteins and lipid metabolites were screened and further analyzed by GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. ResultsDHA intervention decreased cortical TC level in both C57 and ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05), but caused different change of cortical HDL-C, LDL-C level and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in C57 and ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05). Discrepant cortical and hippocampal LDLR, ABCG1, Lox1 and SORT1 protein expression was found between C57 and ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05), and DHA treatment caused different changes of these proteins in C57 and ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.05). Differential hippocampal proteins and lipids profile were found in C57 and ApoE-/- mice before and after DHA treatment, which were mainly involved in vesicular transport and phospholipid metabolic pathways. ConclusionApoE genetic defect caused abnormal cholesterol metabolism, and affected protein and lipid profile, as well as discrepant response of hippocampal protein and lipids profile in the brain of mice given DHA fortified diet intervention.

Association between anti-mullerian hormone and metabolic syndrome: insights from a prospective community-based study

BackgroundLimited studies have investigated the relationship between Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), yielding inconclusive results. This study aimed to examine the relationship between AMH levels and MetS and its components in women from a general population.MethodsThis prospective study recruited 769 women. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models analyzed longitudinal trends of MetS components. Cox proportional hazard models evaluated effect of age-specific AMH tertiles on MetS occurrence, adjusting for confounders.ResultsThe GEE analysis indicated that women in the third tertile exhibited higher mean FPG compared to those in the first tertile of age-specific AMH (3 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.40, 5.60; P = 0.024); however, this association became non-significant after adjustment. Notably, the second tertile showed a significant decrease in FPG mean changes over time (-0.69 mg/dL; 95% CI: -1.31, -0.07; P Interaction = 0.030). Women in the second and third tertiles of age-specific AMH demonstrated lower mean HDL-C compared to the first tertile (-2.96 mg/dL; 95% CI: -4.67, -1.26; P < 0.001 and -2.63 mg/dL; 95% CI: -4.31, -0.96; P = 0.002, respectively). The association between HDL-C changes and the second tertile remained significant after adjustment (-1.91 mg/dL; 95% CI: -3.68, -0.14; P = 0.034). No significant associations were observed between age-specific AMH tertiles and TG and SBP/DBP. Cox models revealed no significant differences in the hazard ratio of MetS between AMH tertiles after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionDespite minor variations in MetS components, AMH levels did not affect MetS risk in women from a general population.

Efficacy of AI-Guided (GenAISTM) Dietary Supplement Prescriptions versus Traditional Methods for Lowering LDL Cholesterol: A Randomized Parallel-Group Pilot Study.

Emerging evidence suggests that personalized dietary supplement regimens can significantly influence lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk. The efficacy of AI-guided dietary supplement prescriptions, compared with standard physician-guided prescriptions, remains underexplored. In a randomized, parallel-group pilot study, 70 patients aged 40-75 years with LDL-C levels between 70 and 190 mg/dL were enrolled. Participants were randomized to receive either AI-guided dietary supplement prescriptions or standard physician-guided prescriptions for 90 days. The primary endpoint was the percent change in LDL-C levels. Secondary endpoints included changes in total cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, and hsCRP. Supplement adherence and side effects were monitored. Sixty-seven participants completed the study. The AI-guided group experienced a 25.3% reduction in LDL-C levels (95% CI: -28.7% to -21.9%), significantly greater than the 15.2% reduction in the physician-guided group (95% CI: -18.5% to -11.9%; p < 0.01). Total cholesterol decreased by 15.4% (95% CI: -19.1% to -11.7%) in the AI-guided group compared with 8.1% (95% CI: -11.5% to -4.7%) in the physician-guided group (p < 0.05). Triglycerides were reduced by 22.1% (95% CI: -27.2% to -17.0%) in the AI-guided group versus 12.3% (95% CI: -16.7% to -7.9%) in the physician-guided group (p < 0.01). HDL-C and hsCRP changes were not significantly different between groups. The AI-guided group received a broader variety of supplements, including plant sterols, omega-3 fatty acids, red yeast rice, coenzyme Q10, niacin, and fiber supplements. Side effects were minimal and comparable between groups. AI-guided dietary supplement prescriptions significantly reduce LDL-C and triglycerides more effectively than standard physician-guided prescriptions, highlighting the potential for AI-driven personalization in managing hypercholesterolemia.

Lipid safety of tenofovir alafenamide during 96-week treatment in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients.

This study was aimed at investigating the dynamics of lipids and the effect of TAF on the lipid profile of patients including fatty liver disease in CHB patients. The data of TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, TG, and TC/HDL ratio were collected at baseline, 24 weeks, 48 weeks, 72 weeks, and 96 weeks. CHB patients with fatty liver at baseline were further analyzed in a subgroup. A total of 137 CHB patients treated with TAF were enrolled in this study. During 96 weeks of TAF treatment, there was no significant change in TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and TG level (P > 0.05). The TC/HDL-c ratio was increased with no significant change (+0.24, P > 0.05). In CHB patients with fatty liver (n = 48), TC, LDL-c, and TC/HDL-c ratio increased gradually during TAF treatment, TG levels increased to 146.63 mg/dL at 48 weeks (P = 0.057) and then decreased, but there was still no significant change compared with the baseline level by 96 weeks (P > 0.05). TAF treatment had a low effect on the lipid profile of CHB patients over the course of 96 weeks, and it was safe even in patients with fatty liver. [https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=65123], identifier [ChiCTR2000041005].

Mediterranean Diet Combined with Regular Aerobic Exercise and Hemp Protein Supplementation Modulates Plasma Circulating Amino Acids and Improves the Health Status of Overweight Individuals.

Plant protein is considered a sustainable health-promoting strategy to prevent metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle changes (including dietary patterns and exercise) have been demonstrated to exert an effect on human health by modulating the biochemical status in humans. The objective of this study was to assess whether supplementation with hemp protein within a Mediterranean diet context together with exercise could help to ameliorate the metabolic statuses of patients prone to developing metabolic syndrome. For this study, 23 patients followed with Mediterranean diet and engaged in aerobic exercise according to the WHO's recommendations, while also being supplemented with hemp protein, for 12 weeks. A comparison of anthropometric, biochemical, and mineral data as well as amino acid values was made between the start and the end of the study, with the subjects acting as their own control group. Statistical analyses included a paired t-test, Wilcoxon paired test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis to evaluate significant differences and correlations among parameters. There were statistically significant changes in total cholesterol, HDL-C (+52.3%), LDL-C (-54.0%), and TAG levels (-49.8%), but not in glucose plasma levels. Following the intervention, plasma concentrations of some amino acids, including α-aminoadipic acid, phosphoethanolamine, and 1-metylhistidine, increased, whereas those of asparagine and alanine declined. Different correlations between amino acids and the other parameters evaluated were reported and discussed. A Mediterranean diet combined with regular aerobic exercise, together with protein supplementation, can highly improve the metabolic parameters and anthropometric parameters of subjects with obesity and impaired glucose levels, ameliorating their health status and likely delaying the development of metabolic syndrome.

Associations of an HDL apolipoproteomic index with cardiometabolic risk factors before and after exercise training in the HERITAGE Family Study

Background and aimsPrevious studies have derived and validated an HDL apolipoproteomic score (pCAD) that predicts coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. However, the associations between pCAD and markers of cardiometabolic health in healthy adults are not known, nor are the effects of regular exercise on pCAD. MethodsA total of 641 physically inactive adults free of cardiovascular disease from the HERITAGE Family Study completed 20 weeks of exercise training. The pCAD index (range 0–100) was calculated using measurements of apolipoproteins A-I, C–I, C-II, C-III, and C-IV from ApoA-I-tagged serum (higher index = higher CAD risk). The associations between pCAD index and cardiometabolic traits at baseline and their training responses were assessed with Spearman correlation and general linear models. A Bonferroni correction of p < 8.9 × 10−04 was used to determine statistical significance. ResultsThe mean ± SD baseline pCAD index was 29 ± 32, with 106 (16.5 %) participants classified as high CAD risk. At baseline, pCAD index was positively associated with blood pressure, systemic inflammation, and body composition. HDL size, VO2max, and HDL-C were negatively associated with pCAD index at baseline. Of those classified as high CAD risk at baseline, 52 (49 %) were reclassified as normal risk after training. Following training, pCAD index changes were inversely correlated (p < 1.4 × 10−04) with changes in HDL-C, HDL size, and LDL size. ConclusionsA higher pCAD index was associated with a worse cardiometabolic profile at baseline but improved with regular exercise. The results from this study highlight the potential role of HDL apolipoproteins as therapeutic targets for lifestyle interventions, particularly in high-risk individuals.

The effects of grape seed extract supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors, liver enzymes and hepatic steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Despite the high antioxidant potential of grape seed extract (GSE), very limited studies have investigated its effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of GSE on metabolic factors, blood pressure and steatosis severity in patients with NAFLD. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 50 NAFLD patients were divided into two groups of 25 participants who were treated with 520mg/day of GSE or the placebo group for 2 months. The parameters of glycemic, lipid profile, blood pressure and steatohepatitis were measured before and after the intervention. The GSE group had an average age of 43.52 ± 8.12 years with 15 women and 10 men, while the placebo group had an average age of 44.88 ± 10.14 years with 11 women and 14 men. After 2 months of intervention with GSE, it was observed that insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-c, ALT, AST, AST/ALT, SBP, DBP and MAP decreased and QUICKi and HDL-c increased significantly (p-value for all < 0.05). Also, before and after adjustment based on baseline, the average changes indicated that the levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-c, SBP, DBP, MAP in the GSE group decreased more than in the control group (p for all < 0.05). Furthermore, the changes in HDL-c were significantly higher in the GSE group (p < 0.05). The between-groups analysis showed a significant decrease in the HOMA-β and AST before and after adjustment based on baseline levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, the changes in QUICKi after adjustment based on baseline levels were higher in the GSE group than in the control group. Also, between-groups analysis showed that the severity of hepatic steatosis was reduced in the intervention group compared to the placebo group (P = 0.002). It seems that GSE can be considered one of the appropriate strategies for controlling insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients. The clinical trial was registered in the Iranian Clinical Trial Registration Center (IRCT20190731044392N1). https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/61413 . (The registration date: 30/03/2022).

The impact of flaxseed oil on lipid profiles, weight loss, and inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Studies investigating the effects of flaxseed oil on lipid profiles, weight loss, and inflammatory markers have produced inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to explore the impact of flaxseed oil on these parameters in hemodialysis patients. The study protocol was registered online (PROSPERO number: CRD42023484076). The meta-analyses showed a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) levels (WMD = -85.78 mg/dL, 95% CI: -155.24 to -16.32, I2 = 98.32%) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (WMD = -2.66 mg/L, 95% CI: -4.07 to -1.24, I2 = 92.26%) following consumption of flaxseed oil. Subgroup analyses revealed significant changes in LDL-C, HDL-C, and TC levels only in trials utilizing a dosage higher than 10 g per day and using ground flaxseed oil. Based on the results, flaxseed oil improves CRP and TG levels, and higher doses positively affect lipid profiles. However, it has no significant effect on anthropometric measures.

Use of a novel algorithm to evaluate changes in diet quality following energy restriction

Dietary strategies for weight loss typically place an emphasis on achieving a prescribed energy intake. Depending on the approach taken, this may be achieved by restricting certain nutrients or food groups, which may lower overall diet quality. Various studies have shown that a higher quality diet is associated with better cardiovascular (CV) health outcomes1. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an energy restricted diet on diet quality, and associated changes in cardiovascular risk factors. One hundred and forty adults (42 M:98 F, 47.5 ± 10.8 years, BMI 30.7 ± 2.3 kg/m2) underwent an energy restricted diet (30% reduction) with dietary counselling for 3 months, followed by 6 months of weight maintenance. Four-day weighed food diaries captured dietary data at baseline, 3 and 9 months and were analysed using a novel algorithm to score diet quality (based on the Dietary Guideline Index, DGI)2. Total DGI scores ranged from 0-120, with sub scores for consumption of core (0-70) and non-core foods (0-50). For all scores, a higher score or increase reflects better diet quality. The CV risk factors assessed included blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and fasting lipids (total (TC), high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, LDL-C) and triglycerides (TAG). Mixed model analyses were used to determine changes over time (reported as mean ± standard error), and Spearman rho (rs) evaluated associations between DGI score and CV risk factors. Dietary energy intake was significantly restricted at 3 months (−3222 ± 159 kJ, P&lt;0.001, n = 114) and 9 months (−2410 ± 167 kJ, P&lt;0.001, n = 100) resulting in significant weight loss (3 months −7.0 ± 0.4 kg, P&lt;0.001; 9 months −8.2 ± 0.4 kg, P&lt;0.001). Clinically meaningful weight loss (&gt;5% body mass) was achieved by 81% of participants by 3 months. Diet quality scores were low at baseline (scoring 49.2 ± 1.5), but improved significantly by 3 months (74.7 ± 1.6, P&lt;0.000) primarily due to reductions in the consumption of non-core i.e. discretionary foods (Core sub-score +4.0. ± 0.7, Non-core sub-score +21.3.1 ± 1.6, both P&lt;0.001). These improvements were maintained at 9 months (Total score 71.6 ± 1.7, P&lt;0.000; Core sub-score +4.4 ± 0.7 from baseline, P&lt;0.000; Non-core sub-score +17.9 ± 1.6 from baseline, P&lt;0.000). There were significant inverse relationships between changes in Total DGI score and changes in DBP (rs = −0.268, P = 0.009), TC (rs = −0.298, P = 0.004), LDL-C (rs = −0.224, P = 0.032) and HDL-C (rs = −0.299, P = 0.004) but not SBP and TG at 3 months. These data emphasise the importance of including diet quality as a key component when planning energy restricted diets. Automated approaches will enable researchers to evaluate subtle changes in diet quality and their effect on health outcomes.

Investigation of acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity and effects of Allium ascalonicum L. extract on Triton WR1339-induced hyperlipidemia on Swiss albino mice

IntroductionMetabolic disorders are increasingly rapidly becoming a burden on global healthcare systems. Among these, hyperlipidemia frequently leads to cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke, posing significant life-threatening risks. The pharmacological drugs, which are often costly and may cause a range of adverse side effects detrimental to health. Allium ascalonicum L., a member of the Alliaceae family, a widely used species of the Allium genus, is commonly employed as a spice and food ingredient in Asia. Allium ascalonicum (AS) is rich in triterpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, thiosulfates, and anthocyanins, whose therapeutic effects have been documented. In Chinese, Allium ascalonicum L. is known as 葱 (Cōng), which is used for various types of onions and similar plants in Chinese, including shallots. Ancient Chinese medicine documented that AS has a sweet and mildly spicy taste with a slight astringency and is warm in nature. In traditional Chinese medicine, AS is prepared as infusions, juices, and poultices to harness their health benefits, and commonly used in cooking for their nutritional and medicinal purposes. Modern medicine has discovered that this type of bulb possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, acts as a diuretic, treats diarrhea, reduces blood sugar levels, lowers blood pressure, reduces cholesterol, and among its other roles. Currently, there is a lack of in vivo study on the cholesterol-regulating potential of AS. MethodsFor our experiments, 24 and 32 Swiss albino mice were employed to investigate the acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity according to the Guidelines for preclinical and clinical trials of Traditional Medicine and Herbal Medicines by the Vietnam Ministry of Health and OECD. To investigate the effects on hyperlipidemia, 40 mice of both sexes were divided into five groups (n = 6–8 each). Tyloxapol (Triton WR1339, 400 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to induce hyperlipidemia. Atorvastatin (60 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as the standard, and AS extract was conducted at the doses of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg. Hyperlipidemic activity was assessed using a variety of parameters. ResultsAllium ascalonicum (AS) extract showed no acute toxicity and sub-chronic toxicity. The AS showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-c but showed no changes in HDL-c. ConclusionOur results indicated that AS is safe to use for a longtime and has a potential as an antihyperlipidemic agent, possibly due to its ability to inhibit the elevation of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-c. The AS is rich in phytochemicals like triterpenoids, flavonoids and saponins, which may contribute to its hypolipidemic effect.

The effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment on the endocrine system incentral precocious puberty patients: a meta-analysis.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRHa) is the first choice for the treatment of patients with central precocious puberty (CPP). However, the effects of GnRHa on the endocrine system of CPP patients, including insulin sensitivity, lipid level, thyroid function, bone mineral density (BMD), and testosterone (T)level, are currently contradictory. Therefore, the long-term safety of GnRHa therapy remains controversial. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases. The changes in HOMA-IR, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, TSH, FT3, FT4, T, and BMD in CPP patients before and after GnRHa treatment were compared by meta-analysis. As the heterogeneity between studies, we estimated standard deviation mean differences (SMDs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Egger's test was used to assess publication bias. A total of 22 studies were included in our meta-analysis. Compared with before GnRHa treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in endocrine indicators including HOMA-IR, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, TSH, FT4, FT3, T, and BMD of CPP patients treated with GnRHa. Treatment with GnRHa for central precocious puberty will not increase the adverse effect on the endocrine system.

Evaluating the Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acid (SolowaysTM) Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Adults with PPARG Polymorphisms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Emerging evidence suggests that PPARG gene polymorphisms may influence lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk, with omega-3 fatty acids proposed to modulate these effects. This study aims to assess the effects of fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular markers among adults with PPARG gene polymorphisms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A cohort of 102 patients with LDL-C 70-190 mg/dL was randomized to receive either 2000 mg of omega-3 fatty acids or a placebo daily for 90 days. In the omega-3 group with PPARG polymorphisms, LDL-C was reduced by 15.4% (95% CI: -19.8% to -11.0%), compared with a 2.6% decrease in the placebo group (95% CI: -4.1% to -1.1%; p < 0.01). In the omega-3 group without PPARG polymorphisms, LDL-C was reduced by 3.7% (95% CI: -6.9% to -0.6%), not significantly different from the placebo group's reduction of 2.9% (95% CI: -5.1% to -0.8%; p = 0.28). The reduction in LDL-C was notably 11.7% greater in those with PPARG polymorphisms than in those without (95% CI: -19.3% to -4.0%; p < 0.01). Triglycerides decreased by 21.3% in omega-3 recipients with PPARG polymorphisms (95% CI: -26.5% to -16.2%; p < 0.01), with no significant changes in HDL-C, total cholesterol, or hsCRP levels in any groups. Minor allele frequencies and baseline characteristics were comparable, ensuring a balanced genetic representation. Omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduce LDL-C and triglycerides in carriers of PPARG polymorphisms, underlining the potential for genetic-driven personalization of cardiovascular interventions.

Abstract 15201: Obicetrapib as an Adjunct to Stable Statin Therapy Significantly Lowers LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, and Apolipoprotein B in Japanese Patients: Results From the Japan Phase 2 Study

Background: Obicetrapib is a selective CETP inhibitor that has been shown to reduce LDL-C, non-HDL-C, lipoprotein particles, and apolipoproteins when used as monotherapy, and in combination with ezetimibe, on background high-intensity statins. Previous studies of obicetrapib were conducted in predominantly Caucasian participants. There is a lack of clinical experience with obicetrapib when used in combination with stable statin therapy among Asian population. Objectives: This study was designed to fill the gap in clinical experience and to characterize the safety, efficacy profile of obicetrapib within the Asian population. Methods: The Phase 2 study is a trial of Japanese participants who had not achieved treatment goal in accordance with the 2022 Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines and with LDL-C &gt;70 mg/dL or non-HDL-C &gt; 100 mg/dL and TG &lt; 400 mg/dL, while receiving stable statin background therapy. Participants were randomized 1:1:1:1 to obicetrapib 2.5 mg (n=25), obicetrapib 5 mg (n=25), obicetrapib 10 mg (n=26), or placebo (n=26). The primary endpoint was percent change in LDL-C from baseline to week 8. Key secondary endpoints included changes in ApoB, non-HDL-C, and HDL-C. Standard safety assessments were conducted. Results: Obicetrapib produced significant lowering of median LDL-C (45.8%, P&lt;0.0001), ApoB (29.7%, P&lt;0.0001), non-HDL-C (37.0%, P&lt;0.0001) and raising of HDL-C (158.9%, P&lt;0.0001). Placebo demonstrated median change of -0.9%, -0.4%, -0.4% and +5.2% for these parameters respectively. Obicetrapib was well tolerated with similar treatment emergent adverse events compared to placebo. There were no clinically significant changes in laboratory parameters, vital signs, or physical examinations in any treatment group. Conclusions: Similar to previous studies, obicetrapib 2.5 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg resulted in significant reductions in LDL-C, ApoB, and non-HDL-C in the Asian population. All doses of obicetrapib were safe and well tolerated.

Decreasing trend of blood lipid profile in type 2 diabetes: Not a promising change in HDL-C, a serial cross-sectional study.

The prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported to be relatively high. The current study aimed to investigate the trend of serum lipid levels and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients with T2D. Data were extracted from a cohort of patients with T2D who had regular follow-ups every year for three years. TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C were analyzed. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated using log (TG/HDL-C). A total of 747 patients with T2D were included in this study, consisting of 469 (62.8%) women and 278 (37.2%) men. There was a significant downward trend in mean TG, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and AIP levels. The trend of mean HDL-C levels showed no significant change. The prevalence of high TG, high TC, high LDL-C, and high non-HDL-C significantly decreased from the first to the last visit. There was no significant change in the trend of prevalence of low HDL-C. The prevalence of high AIP significantly decreased in women and showed no significant changes in men. A decreasing trend was observed in the mean levels and prevalence of TG, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and AIP. HDL-C did not change significantly. The success rate in achieving a complete normal lipid profile during follow-up years was not promising and continues to be challenging.

ISTO STUDY - INTENSIV-INTERMEDIATE STATIN THERAPY OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Objective: lifestyle changes are frequently insufficient to reduce cardiovascular risk (CVR) in patients with dislipidemia. This study aims to characterize the long-term evolution of lipid profile and CVR of patients under primary prevention. Design and method: A retrospective study was performed of outpatients at a Portuguese cardiovascular risk clinic with &gt; 2 CVRF, followed &gt;2 years between 1995 and 2015 (Fig. 1). Intermediate-intensity statin therapy had initiated early, in accordance with the clinićs practice. After written informed consent was obtained, sociodemographic and clinical charecteristics were collected from medical charts, at baseline and last visit. Changes in lipid profile and CV risk scores (FRS, ASCVD, SCORE) were estimated. Associations between HDL-C or LDL-C changes and gender, age, observation times and treatments were assessed through bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression models. Results: Out of 516 participants with mean follow-up of 11.4 +/- 4.3 years, 56.6% were female and and received intermediate-intensity statins. Lipid profile showed statistically significant improvment, including median changes in LDL-C and HDL-C of - 77.0 mg/dl and +19 mg/dl, respectively. CVR also showed statistically significant improvements according to all scores. Statin therapy resulted in a mean HDL-C ncrease of 7.4 mg/dl (independently of gender and other treatments) and a mean LDL-C reduction of 51.8 mg/dl (irrespective of age and other treatments). Conclusions: Results from this long-term real-life study indicate that primary prevention, specifically early and continuous therapy with intermediate-intensity statins as an add-on to lifestyle interventions, was important in obtaining consistent and adequate metabolic correction in patients with additional risk factors.

Abstract 679: HDL Apolipoproteomic Score, Cardiometabolic Risk, And Exercise Training

Background: Previous studies have derived and validated an HDL apolipoproteomic score (pCAD) that predicts coronary artery disease risk. However, the relationship between pCAD and the cardiometabolic profile in healthy adults, as well as the effects of regular exercise on pCAD are unknown. Methods: A total of 642 inactive but healthy adults (56% female, 36% Black, 35±13 yrs) completed 20 weeks of endurance exercise training. HDL-bound proteins were measured in APOA1-tagged serum using targeted LC-MS/MS (Quest Diagnostics). The pCAD index was calculated as a weighted sum of five HDL-associated apolipoproteins (APO A1, C1, C2, C3, C4) with scores from 0 to 100 (higher score=higher risk). Age-, sex-, and race-specific baseline pCAD quartiles were created. Results: The mean (SD) pCAD score at baseline was 29 (32). At baseline, increasing pCAD quartile was associated with a poorer cardiometabolic profile, including higher total and visceral fat, blood pressure, inflammation, and fasting glucose and lower insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein lipase activity ( Table ). In the total sample, pCAD significantly decreased with exercise training by 4.7 (25) pts or ~16%. Across pCAD quartiles, mean decreases in pCAD were 4.6 in quartile 3 and 21.3 in quartile 4, compared to mean increases of 3.6 in quartile 1 and 3.5 in quartile 2 (p&lt;0.05 for all within group changes). The exercise-induced decrease in pCAD was largely driven by increases in HDL-associated APOA1 and APOC1 levels and inversely correlated with changes in HDL-C (r= -0.17, p&lt;0.0001) and HDL size (r= -0.14, p=0.0006). Otherwise, changes in pCAD were not correlated with changes in other cardiometabolic traits. Conclusions: A higher pCAD index was associated with a poor cardiometabolic profile at baseline and improved with regular exercise in healthy adults with the worst profiles. These findings highlight the potential role of HDL apolipoproteins as a theranostic target for lifestyle interventions in these individuals.

Evaluation of lipid profile in patients with type II diabetes mellitus on different treatment

This study was conducted to investigate and evaluate the level of serum lipid profile in type II diabetic patients with different treatment by measuring the level of total cholesterol , triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and to compare them with the level of non –diabetic and normotensive volunteers selected as control (group 1). Methods: This study included (64) patients with type II diabetes ,and (12)healthy control subjects (group 1). Patients were divided into 4 groups according to their treatment :group 2 (n=12) diabetic patients on diet therapy only; group 3 (n=16) patients on combined treatment with insulin and metformine ,group 4 (n=18) patients on daonil only, group 5 (n=18) on insulin only. Blood samples were obtained from all diabetic patients and control subjects after over night fasting (14-16 hrs) and serum lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose were done for the patients and control. Weight, height &amp; body mass index were calculated according to the equation weight in kg/(height)2 in meter. Result; The result revealed that serum total cholesterol, was significantly raised in diabetic subjects as compared to control. There was no significant difference in serum LDL cholesterol, and serum TG between group 1 and 3, also no significant difference in serum LDL cholesterol, between group 1 and 5. Conclusion: It was concluded that the efficacy of the administration of metformin and insulin simultaneously without negative effects. No changes in serum HDL-C. Thus ,early diagnosis and treatment of dyslipideamia can be used as a preventive measure for the development of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes

Four-Year Increase in Step Cadence Is Associated with Improved Cardiometabolic Health in People with a History of Prediabetes.

To investigate associations between 4-yr change in step cadence and markers of cardiometabolic health in people with a history of prediabetes and to explore whether these associations are modified by demographic factors. In this prospective cohort study, adults, with a history of prediabetes, were assessed for markers of cardiometabolic health (body mass index, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]), and free-living stepping activity (activPAL3™) at baseline, 1 yr, and 4 yr. Brisk steps per day were defined as the number of steps accumulated at ≥100 steps per minute and slow steps per day as those accumulated at <100 steps per minute; the mean peak stepping cadence during the most active 10 minutes of the day was also derived. Generalized estimating equations examined associations between 4-yr change in step cadence and change in cardiometabolic risk factors, with interactions by sex and ethnicity. Seven hundred ninety-four participants were included (age, 59.8 ± 8.9 yr; 48.7% women; 27.1% ethnic minority; total steps per day, 8445 ± 3364; brisk steps per day, 4794 ± 2865; peak 10-min step cadence, 128 ± 10 steps per minute). Beneficial associations were observed between change in brisk steps per day and change in body mass index, waist circumference, HDL-C, and HbA1c. Similar associations were found between peak 10-min step cadence and HDL-C and waist circumference. Interactions by ethnicity revealed change in brisk steps per day and change in peak 10-min step cadence had a stronger association with HbA1c in White Europeans, whereas associations between change in 10-min peak step cadence with measures of adiposity were stronger in South Asians. Change in the number of daily steps accumulated at a brisk pace was associated with beneficial change in adiposity, HDL-C, and HbA1c; however, potential benefits may be dependent on ethnicity for outcomes related to HbA1c and adiposity.

Indicadores de composição corporal na predição de risco de síndrome metabólica em crianças de 6 a 10 anos de idade

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to develop percentiles of body composition indicators and determine cutoff points to predict metabolic syndrome (MS) risk in 6-10-year-old children. This is a cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study with the participation of 1480 schoolchildren aged 6-10-year. Anthropometric assessment (body mass, height, and skinfolds) and blood pressure measurement were performed in schools. The body mass index (BMI), as well as the body fat percentage (%BF), lean body mass (LBM), fat body mass (FBM), were calculated according to standardized formulas for children. Blood collection to assess the lipid and glycemic profile was also performed at school, on pre-established days and times. The MS diagnosis was determined based on changes in triglycerides, HDL-c, blood glucose, waist circumference, and blood pressure. The LMS method was used to develop the percentiles, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) to identify the accuracy of the indicators, and the sensitivity and specificity to determine the cutoff points. FBM and %BF had significantly higher values in girls, who also had lower values for %LM compared to boys (p&lt;0.05). The indicators of body composition, BMI, FBM, and %BF were accurate in predicting the MS risk for both sex at all ages. The main indicators of body composition to predict the MS risk, in both sex, were BMI, FBM, and %BF. These findings suggest that simple anthropometric measurements, which can be performed in clinical practice, have the potential to direct non-pharmacological actions.