Changes In Fasting Blood Glucose Levels Research Articles

Potensi Antidiabetik Tepung Terung Ungu (Solanum Melongena L.) pada Tikus Hiperglikemia

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized and identified with hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, and the presence of impaired metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. IDF data shows the prevalence is increasing from year to year, namely 9.3% (2020) and 10.5% (2021). Treatment of DM was needed a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment by utilizing local foods in the diet. Purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the potential plants in Indonesia that is very rich in antioxidants and believed to decrease fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. The study aimed to determine the effect of purple eggplant flour (TTU) on the weight and fasting blood glucose levels of hyperglycemia rats. This true experimental study design used a pre-post test with a control group design. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups: KN group (7 rats), KD (8 rats), P1 (7 rats), P2 (7 rats), and P3 (7 rats). The rats used were 10-12 weeks, weighing 207.25±26.76 grams. The hyperglycemia rat model was made by induced NA (230 mg/kg body weight)-STZ (65 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally. Intervention in the form of TTU modified feed (standard feed is substituted with TTU according to the dose) was given for 28 days with dose variations of 2.36 grams, 4.71 grams, and 7.07 grams. Body weight and FBG level were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed statistically using One Way Anova test, Bonferroni test, and uji paired t-test. The body weight of DM rats was significantly lower, and FBG levels were significantly higher than normal rats (KN). Orally administration of TTU for 28 days significantly increased body weight (6.59%-19.54%) and reduced levels of FBG (33.04-54.61%). The changes in FBG levels were in line with the increasing doses of intervention. Purple eggplant flour was able to maintain body weight and reduce the levels of FGB hyperglycemia in rats induced by NA-STZ.

Association Between Longitudinal Change in Abnormal Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Outcome of COVID-19 Patients Without Previous Diagnosis of Diabetes.

This retrospective study examined changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels during hospitalization and their effect on risk of death for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients without previously diagnosed diabetes. A model with low- and high-stable pattern trajectories was established based on a longitudinal change in FBG levels. We analyzed FBG trajectory-associated clinical features and risk factors for death due to COVID-19. Of the 230 enrolled patients, 44 died and 87.83% had a low-stable pattern (average FBG range: 6.63–7.54 mmol/L), and 12.17% had a high-stable pattern (average FBG range: 12.59–14.02 mmol/L). There were statistical differences in laboratory findings and case fatality between the two FBG patterns. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that increased neutrophil count (odds ratio [OR], 25.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07, 313.03), elevated direct bilirubin (OR, 5.80; 95%CI: 1.72, 19.58), elevated creatinine (OR, 26.69; 95% CI: 5.82, 122.29), lymphopenia (OR, 8.07; 95% CI: 2.70, 24.14), and high-stable FBG pattern (OR, 8.79; 95% CI: 2.39, 32.29) were independent risk factors for higher case fatality in patients with COVID-19 and hyperglycemia but no history of diabetes. FBG trajectories were significantly associated with death risk in patients with COVID-19 and no diabetes.

Two-year impact of an educational intervention in primary care on blood glucose control and diabetes knowledge among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a study in rural China

ABSTRACT Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing in rural China and should be managed in primary health care, but knowledge is lacking. Educational interventions have been implemented but not followed up long-term. Objective: The study aimed to assess the long-term impact of an educational intervention on patients’ diabetes knowledge and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, and whether these outcomes differed between two rural counties. Methods: The study was nested in an educational intervention project in primary health care in Jiangsu province. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Huaiyin county and Gaochun county were randomly divided into an intervention group receiving an educational intervention and follow-up visits, and a control group with standard care. Questionnaires and medical records, including FBG level and diabetes knowledge score, were compared, at baseline in 2015 and two follow-ups, in 2016, and 2017, respectively. A paired t-test and two mixed-effects linear regression models were used. Results: The diabetes knowledge score increased in the intervention group in 2016 and in 2017, compared with 2015. The FBG level decreased in 2016 compared with 2015 in the intervention and control groups. Comparing data in 2015 and 2017, there was no significant change in FBG level in the intervention or control group, but the diabetes knowledge score increased in the intervention group both in 2016 and 2017. A significant association between FBG level and the interaction of time and group, suggesting a long-term effect, was only found in Gaochun county in 2017. Conclusion: The educational intervention improved the diabetes knowledge score in the intervention group, while no significant improvement was found in the control group in both year 2016 and 2017. Meanwhile, the intervention had a positive impact on FBG level in the intervention group in 2017. Patients in Gaochun county had better improvement in both diabetes knowledge and controlling FBG level, compared with Huaiyin county.

Vitamin B12 and risk of diabetes: new insight from cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT)

IntroductionPrevious studies in mostly Western populations have yielded conflicting findings on the association of vitamin B12 with diabetes risk, in part due to differences in study design and population characteristics....

Vitamin B12 and Risk of Diabetes: New Insight from Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT)

Background: Previous studies in mostly Western populations, have yielded conflicting findings on the association of vitamin B12 with diabetes risk, in part, due to differences in study design and population characteristics. This study sought to examine the vitamin B12 – diabetes association in Chinese hypertensive adults by both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Methods: This report included a total of 16699 participants from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT), with pertinent baseline and follow-up data. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined as either physician-diagnosed diabetes, the use of glucose-lowering drugs, or fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7·0 mmol/L. New-onset diabetes was defined as any new case of onset diabetes during the follow-up period or fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7·0 mmol/L at the exit visit. Findings: At baseline, there were 1872 (11 ·2%) diabetic patients; less than 1·5% had clinical B12 deficiency (<148·0 pmol/L). Over a median follow-up period of 4·5 years, there were 1589 (10·7%) cases of new-onset diabetes. Cross-sectional analyses showed a positive association between baseline vitamin B12 levels and FBG levels (β=0·18, 95%CI [0·15, 0·21], p <0·001) and diabetes (OR=1·42, 95%CI [1·33, 1·51], p <0·001). However, longitudinal analyses showed no association between baseline vitamin B12 and new-onset diabetes (OR=1·01, 95%CI [0·94, 1·09] , p = 0·734) or changes in FBG levels (β= -0·02, 95%CI [-0·05, 0·01], p =0·154). Among a subset of the sample (N=4366) with both baseline and exit B12 measurements, we analyzed the relationship between the change in B12 levels and the change in FBG levels from the baseline to the exit visit, and found a positive association between an increase in B12 and an increase in FBG. Interpretation: In this large Chinese hypertensive population mostly sufficient with vitamin B12, parallel cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses provided new insight into the conflicting findings of previous studies, and these results underscore the need for future studies to consider both baseline vitamin B12 and its longitudinal trajectory in order to better elucidate the role of vitamin B12 in the development of diabetes. Such findings, if further confirmed, would have important clinical and public health implications. Funding Statement: The China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT) was jointly supported by Shenzhen AUSA Pharmed (Shenzhen, China) and national, provincial and private funding, including from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 program; grant no. 2102 CB517703); the National Science and Technology Major Projects Specialized for “Innovation and Development of Major New Drugs” during the 12th Five-year Plan Period: the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (grant no. zx09101105), a Clinical Center grant (no. zx09401013); the Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 81473052, 81441091, and 81402735); the National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Nanfang Medical University, Guangzhou, China; the State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital; and research grants from the Department of Development and Reform, Shenzhen Municipal Government (grant no. SFG 20201744). Declaration of Interests: Dr. Xiping Xu reports grants from the National Key Research and Development Program [2016YFE0205400, 2018ZX09739010, 2018ZX09301034003], the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou, China [201707020010], the Science, Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen [JSGG20170412155639040, GJHS20170314114526143, JSGG20180703155802047], the Economic, Trade and Information Commission of Shenzhen Municipality [20170505161556110, 20170505160926390]. Dr. Youbao Li reports grants from the President Foundation of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University [2017C007, 2018Z009]. Dr. Xianhui Qin reports grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81730019, 81973133], Outstanding Youths Development Scheme of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University [2017J009]. Dr. Huiyuan Guo reports grants from the 111 project from the Education Ministry of China [No. B18053]. Dr. Xiao Huang reports grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81960074, 81500233], Jiangxi Outstanding Person Foundation [20192BCBL23024], Major projects of the Science and Technology Department, Jiangxi [20171BAB205008] No other disclosures were reported. Ethics Approval Statement: The parent study (the CSPPT) was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Federal-wide Assurance Number: FW1263). All participants provided written, informed consent.

Longitudinal Trend of Fasting Blood Glucose and Related Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background:Control of diabetes plays an important role in improving complications and disabilities and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the 3-year changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG) values and its related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study, 500 patients with type 2 diabetes covered by the National Diabetic Prevention and Care Plan during 2013–2016 were selected based on random cluster systematic sampling. A linear mixed model was used to study changes in FBG levels and their related factors. The data were analyzed using the R3.2.0 software.Results:The patients' mean age was 47.7 years. Among these patients, 58.6% were female, 19.8% had a history of smoking. High FBG was associated with high disease duration, high body mass index (BMI), low age, normal BMI at baseline, insulin therapy, smoking, and family history of diabetes. Trend of FBG in follow-up was decreasing.Conclusions:Given that patients who received insulin therapy had higher mean FBG, it is recommended to examine their insulin dose and modifications should be made in terms of the patients' needs during their continuous follow-up. Weight loss during follow-up and cessation of smoking indicate a favorable prognosis of disease. More attention should be paid to younger patients in care. Patients are encouraged to start treatment and care at the same time diagnose.

Use of green spaces and blood glucose in children; a population-based CASPIAN-V study

A limited but emerging body of evidence is suggestive for a beneficial association between contact with green spaces and glucose homeostasis in adults; however, such an evidence for children is scarce. We evaluated the association between time spent in green spaces and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and impaired fasting glucose (IFG, FBG≥110 mg/dL) in a population-based multicentric sample of 3844 Iranian schoolchildren aged 7–18 years (2015). Participants were instructed to report the average hours per week spent in green spaces separately during each season and in each type of green space (parks, woods/other natural green spaces, and private gardens/agricultural field) for a 12-month period preceding the interview. We developed linear and logistic mixed effects models with centre as random effect to evaluate the association of time spent in green spaces (separately for each type as well as all types together) with FBG and IFG, respectively, controlled for a wide range of covariates including household indicators of socioeconomic status. We observed inverse associations between time spent in green spaces, especially in natural green spaces, and FBG levels. Specifically, 1.83 h increase in the total time spent in green spaces was associated with −0.5 mg/dl (95% confidence intervals: −0.9, −0.1) change in FBG levels. We also observed reduced risk of IFG associated with time spent in green spaces; however, the association was statistically significant only for the time spent in natural green spaces. There were suggestions for stronger associations for those residing in urban areas and those from lower socioeconomic status groups; however, the interaction terms for socioeconomic status and urbanity were not statistically significant. Further longitudinal studies are required to replicate our findings in other settings with different climates and population susceptibilities.

Influence of ankle fracture surgery on glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

BackgroundAlthough ankle fracture surgery can affect glycemic control by either trauma-induced stress or a postoperative decrease in physical activity, there is little evidence on this issue. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ankle fracture surgery on glycemic control and to assess the risk factors for poor glycemic control after surgery in patients with diabetes.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients with diabetes who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of ankle fracture at our hospital. Patients who underwent blood testing, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and cholesterol levels, as part of a routine check-up before surgery and again more than 2 times after surgery were included. Changes in blood test results were adjusted by multiple factors using a linear mixed model with sex, age at time of surgery, body mass index (BMI), and type of ankle fracture as the fixed effects and each subject and timing of blood test as the random effects.ResultsSixty patients were ultimately included in this study. At 1 month postoperatively, mean FBG and cholesterol levels had increased significantly compared with preoperative levels (p = 0.011 and 0.024, respectively). After surgery, FBG levels showed an estimated monthly decrease of 2.2 mg/dL (p = 0.017). Sex, age at time of surgery, and type of ankle fracture did not significantly affect the monthly change in FBG level. FBG returned to the preoperative level at an estimated period of 8.1 months. BMI significantly affected preoperative FBG level (p = 0.015) but not the postoperative change in FBG level (p = 0.500).ConclusionAnkle fracture surgery increased the FBG level at 1 month postoperatively. FBG levels decreased gradually after surgery at an estimated monthly rate of 2.2 mg/dL. Physicians should be aware of the difficulty in postoperative blood glucose control in patients with diabetes, even several months after surgery.

Blood glucose lowering effect of aqueous extract of Graptophyllum pictum (Linn) Griff. on alloxan-induced diabetic rats and its acute toxicity in mice

This study was aimed at evaluating the claimed anti-diabetic property of the aqueous extract of Graptophyllum pictum leaf and to establish an effective dose for the extract. It also attempted to unravel if the extract could be acutely toxic to mice. The anti-diabetic study was carried out on alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. After diabetic induction, the rats were divided into 5 groups. Groups 1 to 3 were orally administered 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight extract by gastric probe for four weeks; group 4 was administered 10 mg/kg body weight metformin, a well known hypoglycemic drug, while group 5 served as control and received the vehicle of administration (distilled water). The fasting blood glucose level (FBGL) of the rats was checked before commencement of treatment and weekly during the drug administration period using Roche Accu-chek Active Glucometer. The percentage change in FBGL before commencement of treatment and during the treatment period was calculated and expressed graphically. The acute toxicity of the extract was studied in 4 groups of Swiss albino mice which were orally administered high doses (1 to 4 g/kg) of the extract. The results obtained from the anti-diabetic study showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the mean fasting blood glucose level in all the three groups of animals treated with the plant extract when compared to the control; and it exhibited effective anti-diabetic potency when compared with metformin (a standard anti-diabetic drug); the effective dose was established at 100 mg/kg. The LD50 could not be determined as none of the treated mice died during the acute toxicity study. These findings suggest that the aqueous extract of the leaves of G. pictum possess hypoglycemic effect which is comparable to metformin and can be safely administered orally without any immediate unwanted effect. However, this calls for detailed studies to elucidate the therapeutic and long term toxicological profiles of the extract. Key words : Diabetes, Graptophyllum pictum, aqueous extract, hypoglycemic, metformin.