Change In Brand Equity Research Articles

Increasing Sales Through Social Media Marketing: The Role of Customer Brand Attachment, Brand Trust, and Brand Equity

This study examined the impact of social media marketing on online purchase intention, with brand attachment, brand trust, and brand equity acting as mediating factors. The problem addressed in this research is the lack of understanding regarding the reasons for low adoption of online shopping in Iran despite the increasing popularity of the internet, and the originality lies in exploring the factors and proposing and testing a conceptual model that influence Iranian customers’ decision to buy online. To conduct an empirical case study, we selected Digikala, the largest online two-sided marketplace platform in Iran. To gather data from a representative sample of Digikala customers, a simple random sampling method was utilized. An online survey questionnaire was administered to 363 participants, ensuring a diverse range of respondents were included in the study. A partial least squares method was used to analyze the data using the structural equation modelling (SEM) method by SmartPLS software. The results of the research study demonstrated that social media marketing creates positive changes in brand equity, customer attachment to the brand, brand trust, and online purchase intent over time. Online purchase intention, brand trust, and customer brand attachment were positively influenced by brand equity. The level of customer brand attachment affected brand trust and online purchase intent in a positive way. An increase in brand trust led to a significant increase in online purchase intentions. An online purchase intention, customer brand attachment, and brand trust of a brand were influenced positively by brand equity during social media marketing. Social media marketing impacted online purchase intentions positively and significantly through customer brand attachment. Social media marketing improved online purchase intentions when brand trust is positive and significant. Several factors contributed to the effect of social media marketing on online purchase intentions, including brand trust. This leads us to conclude that social media marketing enhances online purchase intent through the creation of brand attachments, brand trust, and brand equity among customers.

Iklan Xl Versi Xlalu di Televisi Terhadap Kekuatan Brand XL

The presence of print and electronic media has created a serious attitude for entrepreneurs, where they are forced to always improve product quality; goods or services they offer. Entrepreneurs not only carry out a product positioning strategy in the market through the establishment of quality standards and service quality, but they also try to maintain a brand position in the minds of consumers through strengthening promotional strategies. This research includes quantitative research, where in this study, research tries to prove empirically and quantitatively and tries to prove a significant influence between two variables, namely variables X and Y, through hypothesis testing and is a survey research, this researcher will take samples from a population that has determined by using a tool in the form of a questionnaire to collect and explore primary data from the field or a predetermined audience. Based on the research results that have been obtained, it is stated that the hypothesis of the XL Advertising version Xlalu has a significant influence on XL Brand Equity or in other words based on the hypothesis that Ha is accepted which indicates that the XL Advertising version X then affects brand equity significantly. The advertising regression coefficient is 0.490 and the coefficient of determination (KD) shows the R Square value of 0.552 or 55.20% (rounded up to 55%) of the results (r2 x 100%). This means that the variation of changes in Brand Equity is influenced by the XL version of XThen's Advertisement by 55% and the remaining 45% is influenced by other factors besides Advertising.

Effects of branded health messages on e-cigarette attitudes, intentions, and behaviors: a longitudinal study among youth and young adults

BackgroundLaunched in 2000, the truth campaign was one of the first health-related campaigns to embrace the building of a brand to further amplify its message, such as by building brand equity. Brand equity is an asset that represents the audience’s perception of the brand. Previous research supports that strong brand equity is associated with lower tobacco intentions and behaviors; however, brand equity and its change over time have not been studied as it relates to e-cigarettes. This study examines the effects of change in brand equity on e-cigarette attitudes, intentions, and behaviors among youth and young adults.MethodsThe sample (N = 6427) is from the Truth Longitudinal Cohort, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort of youth and young adults, ages 15–24. Variables include brand equity tobacco scale, demographic characteristics, and e-cigarette use status. The outcomes included anti-e-cigarette attitudes, intentions to use e-cigarettes, and use of e-cigarettes. Multiple and logistic regression models determined the relationship between change in brand equity from respondents at Spring 2018 to Spring 2019 and respondent e-cigarette outcomes at Fall 2019. All models controlled for demographic characteristics and cigarette use.ResultsMean brand equity scores in Spring 2018 were significantly associated with greater anti-e-cigarette attitudes (β = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.19), lower odds of intention to use (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.85), and lower odds of current use (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.92). Change in brand equity from Spring 2018 to Spring 2019 was significantly associated with greater anti-e-cigarette attitudes (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.11) and lower odds of intention to use (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.93), but not associated with current use behaviors.ConclusionsStrengthening brand equity is an effective strategy for influencing anti-e-cigarette related attitudes and intentions, much like it is for anti-smoking campaigns. More research needs to be done on the relationship between change in brand equity and e-cigarette behavior to better understand how brand equity can be wielded to influence change in e-cigarette use behavior.

The immediate effect of corporate social responsibility on consumer-based brand equity

Purpose In response to consumer and society demands for firms to be socially responsible, brands have been taking a strategic approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR) by integrating socially responsible activities into their brands’ core value propositions to strengthen brand equity. Thus, from a brand building perspective, this paper aims to investigate the immediate effect that brand CSR communications have on the change in brand awareness, perceived quality and loyalty, to provide a deeper understanding of how each dimension affects the overall change in brand equity. Design/methodology/approach With evidence from an experiment conducted in three different countries (Australia, United States and Spain), based on an actual brand CSR program, this paper explores the different immediate effects of change in brand awareness, perceived brand quality and brand loyalty, after the exposure to a CSR message, on the overall immediate change in value that consumers give to a brand. Furthermore, it examines the role of brand-cause fit and the influence that differences in cultural, economic and political environments have on this effect. Findings The change in brand loyalty due to CSR communication is the key dimension driving the immediate positive change in overall brand equity. In addition, change in brand awareness has an inverted U-shape relationship with change in overall brand equity, whereas the change in perceived brand quality does not have an influence. Finally, the results indicate that this immediate effect holds regardless of the level of brand-cause fit, but is greater in countries where firms are expected to participate and CSR reporting is not mandatory, making such practices be seen as voluntary. Practical implications The findings of this study offer research implications for academics, and practical considerations for brand managers, interested in how to rapidly generate changes in consumer perception by leveraging CSR activities for brand building in global settings. Specifically, it indicates that when the aim is to quickly build brand equity, the goal of communicating CSR activities must be to increase the level of attachment that consumers have to the brand since loyalty is the main driver of the immediate change in overall brand equity. Originality/value Although many scholars have demonstrated the impact of CSR on various consumer behavior outcomes (e.g., brand attitude, purchase intention, loyalty), from a brand build perspective the implications of the immediate effect of a brand communication of CSR practices on consumer-based brand equity remain less clear. This study addresses this gap to gain a deeper understanding of how to rapidly generate changes in consumer perception to build strong brands while leveraging CSR practices.

Exploring the Mediating Effect of Parent Brand Reputation on Brand Equity

Companies with product line consisting of multiple brands very well understand the weightage of parent brand reputation as a seal of approval to consumers. This understanding not only helps them bolstering the reputation of other products but also creates a powerful brand voice and resulting brand equity. Brand equity is understood with the help of multiple dimensions in the existing literature. In addition to this, many researches on brand extension have traced the pivotal change in brand equity owing to the variation in brand extension attitude of consumers. However, very little amount of significant contribution has been observed with respect to the mediating role of parent brand reputation. Specifically, the article proposes to test the role of parent brand reputation in mediating the relationship of brand extension with brand equity.

Effects of the truth FinishIt brand on tobacco outcomes.

Since 2000, the truth campaign has grown as a social marketing brand. Back then, truth employed branding to compete directly with the tobacco industry. In 2014, the launch of truth FinishIt reflected changes in the brand's strategy, the tobacco control environment, and youth/young adult behavior.Building on a previous validation study, the current study examined brand equity in truth FinishIt, as measured by validated multi-dimensional scales, and tobacco related attitudes, beliefs, and behavior based on two waves of the Truth Longitudinal Cohort data from 2015 and 2016. A fixed effects logistic regression was used to estimate the change in brand equity between panel survey waves 3 and 4 on past 30-day smoking among ever and current smokers. Additional models determined the effects of brand equity predicting tobacco attitudes/use at follow up among the full sample. All analyses controlled for demographic factors.A one-point increase in the brand equity scale between the two waves was associated with a 66% greater chance of not smoking among ever smokers (OR 1.66, CI 1.11–2.48, p < 0.05) and an 80% greater chance of not smoking among current smokers (OR 1.80, CI 1.05–3.10, p < 0.05). Higher overall truth brand equity at wave 3 predicted less smoking at wave 4 and more positive anti-tobacco attitudes. Being male, younger, and non-white predicted some of the tobacco related attitudes.Future research should examine long-term effects of brand equity on tobacco use and how tobacco control can optimize the use of branding in campaigns.

Advertising vs. R&amp;D: Relative effectiveness on brand equity

This study examines whether advertising can contribute directly to brand equity and, if it can, determines how much value advertising can deliver to brands and firms using the secondary data from various sources. The findings show that advertising can not only work to improve market performance measures but also to develop and maintain brand equity. R&amp;D is also found to positively affect brand equity. With regard to the relative effectiveness of advertising and R&amp;D, R&amp;D is more effective than advertising in contributing to brand equity when measuring absolute effects of expenditures. When measuring simple changes in brand equity, however, changes in advertising are more effective than changes in R&amp;D.

Assessment of Brand Equity Measures

Although several brand equity measures have been proposed in the literature, a comparative assessment of their characteristics and performances is lacking. This paper attempts to fill that gap. Combining survey data with real market data, it assesses two types of brand equity measure: customer mind-set measures (brand knowledge) and product-market performance measures (revenue premium). The results confirm that the customer mind-set measure captures cumulative brand-building effects better and offers diagnostic information. However, the revenue premium is found as a better choice for continuous tracking of brand equity because (a) it could reveal the true changes in brand equity; (b) it is a practical and convenient measure since its data requirements are readily available; and (c) it flags any change in brand-equity before the customer mind-set measure. Furthermore, the product-market performance measure is found to precede the customer mind-set. This study also conducts the first empirical test of the well-known brand value chain model on real market data. Finally, operationalising the customer mind-set measure on real market data for the first time, this study confirms that advertising and distribution are positively associated with brand-equity, while price promotion is negatively associated. By considering multiple measures, this study improves the robustness of the findings as well as addressing marketing accountability issues.

Retail brand extensions: Unpacking the link between brand extension attitude and change in parent brand equity

The brand extension literature outlines a pivotal role of consumers’ brand extension attitudes in explaining change in parent brand equity. However, there remains little understanding of how such feedback effects actually materialize on parent brand equity. The present study proposes and examines change in relationship equity as a mediator of the effect of brand extension attitude on change in parent brand equity, thereby explicating a process of conversion of brand extension attitudes into reciprocal brand equity evaluations. A store-based retailing context adds an interesting dimension to the study. A conceptual model is developed around the focal mediated effects. Key hypotheses are supported and the research model achieves acceptable predictive validity in estimating change in brand equity. Importantly, change in relationship equity fully mediates the effect of extension attitude on change in brand equity. Overall, a novel perspective is offered to the literature. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

The Impact of Brand Equity on Customer Acquisition, Retention, and Profit Margin

The authors investigate the relationships between brand equity and customer acquisition, retention, and profit margin, the key components of customer lifetime value (CLV). They examine a unique database from the U.S. automobile market that combines ten years of acquisition rate, retention rate, and customer profitability data with measures of brand equity from Young &amp; Rubicam's Brand Asset Valuator (BAV) over the same period. They hypothesize and find that BAV brand equity is significantly associated with the components of CLV in expected and meaningful ways. For example, customer knowledge of a brand has an especially strong positive relationship with all three components of CLV. Notably, however, differentiation is a double-edged sword. While it is associated with higher customer profitability, it is also associated with lower acquisition and retention rates. The authors also find that marketing efforts exert indirect impacts on CLV through brand equity. Simulations show that changes in marketing, or exogenous changes in brand equity, can exert important effects on CLV. Overall, the findings suggest that the “soft” and “hard” sides of marketing need to be managed in a coordinated way. The authors conclude with a discussion of these and other implications for researchers and practitioners.

Developing a new model for tracking brand equity as a measure of marketing effectiveness

Measuring the performance of marketing initiatives has been a long standing problem. Marketing performance can be measured from different perspectives such as effectiveness or efficiency. This study emphasising on effectiveness considers brand equity as a measure of marketing effectiveness. Reviewing the literature we address brand equity shortcomings and discuss them in terms of four categories: subjectivity of metrics, auditability of survey-based data, shortterm/long-term horizon, and tracking versus measuring. The weaknesses exposed above in the measurement and tracking of brand equity suggest that a different approach is needed. This paper proposes a new methodology for tracking brand equity by employing objective behavioural metrics rather than subjective intangible measures. Such an approach would be based on the use of firms’ internal data to track the changes in brand equity by tracking the changes in its behavioural metrics in the long-term period.

Monitoring the Dynamics of Brand Equity Using Store-Level Data

Abstract Management of brand equity has come to be viewed as critical to a brand's optimal long-term performance. The authors evaluate the usefulness of brand equity estimates obtained from store-level data for monitoring the health of a brand. They use a random coefficients logit demand model calibrated on store-level scanner data to track brand equity estimates over time in two consumer packaged goods categories that experienced several new product introductions during the period of the empirical investigation. Using these tracked measures, the authors also study the impact of marketing actions, such as advertising, sales promotions, and product innovations, on brand equity. They find that the brand equity estimates effectively capture the high equity of strongly positioned popular brands and brands that command a significant price premium in niche markets. Using an example, the authors illustrate how these brand equity estimates can be used to monitor changes in brand equity, which measures such as mar...

Monitoring the Dynamics of Brand Equity Using Store-Level Data

Management of brand equity has come to be viewed as critical to a brand's optimal long-term performance. The authors evaluate the usefulness of brand equity estimates obtained from store-level data for monitoring the health of a brand. They use a random coefficients logit demand model calibrated on store-level scanner data to track brand equity estimates over time in two consumer packaged goods categories that experienced several new product introductions during the period of the empirical investigation. Using these tracked measures, the authors also study the impact of marketing actions, such as advertising, sales promotions, and product innovations, on brand equity. They find that the brand equity estimates effectively capture the high equity of strongly positioned popular brands and brands that command a significant price premium in niche markets. Using an example, the authors illustrate how these brand equity estimates can be used to monitor changes in brand equity, which measures such as market share may fail to capture. The substantive results indicate that advertising has a positive effect on brand equity in both the product categories, whereas the effect of sales promotions is not significant in either category. Furthermore, the results reveal that new product innovations have a positive impact on brand equity and can explain a significant proportion of its variation. Overall, the analysis shows that a brand manager can track brand equity using store-level data, gain insights into the drivers of the brand's equity, and manage these drivers to achieve brand equity targets.

The Measurement and Determinants of Brand Equity: A Financial Approach

This paper presents a technique for estimating a firm's brand equity that is based on the financial market value of the firm. Brand equity is defined as the incremental cash flows which accrue to branded products over unbranded products. The estimation technique extracts the value of brand equity from the value of the firm's other assets. This technique is useful for two purposes. First, the macro approach assigns an objective value to a company's brands and relates this value to the determinants of brand equity. Second, the micro approach isolates changes in brand equity at the individual brand level by measuring the response of brand equity to major marketing decisions. Empirically, we estimate brand equity using the macro approach for a sample of industries and companies. Then we use the micro approach to trace the brand equity of Coca-Cola and Pepsi over three major events in the soft drink industry from 1982 to 1986.