Changes In Abdominal Circumference Research Articles

Design and signal processing of plastic optical fiber respiratory sensors based on smartphones

A respiratory signal sensing scheme based on plastic optical fiber and smartphone is proposed. Respiratory signals are achieved by detecting the changes in abdominal circumference caused by the inhalation and exhalation of air from the lungs during breathing. A flexible clamp is prepared based on the 3D printing technology and the changes in abdominal circumference are leading to the lateral distance variation between the end face of the two plastic optical fibers in the clamp. The experiment demonstrates the scheme’s capability to detect a broad range of stable respiratory frequencies and weak signals. Finally, an automatic multi-scale peak detection algorithm is utilized to achieve real-time display of transient respiratory rate, which enables the timely feedback of apnea and abnormal signals. The proposed respiratory sensing system provides an efficient, accurate, convenient and low-cost solution for human physiological signal monitoring.

Personalized versus generic digital weight loss interventions delivered on university campuses: a 6-month cost-benefit analysis.

Cost-effectiveness analyses of weight loss programs for university students can inform administrator decision-making. This study quantifies and compares the costs and cost-effectiveness of implementing two digitally-delivered weight loss interventions designed for university populations. Healthy Body Healthy U (HBHU) was a randomized controlled trial comparing TAILORED (personalized) versus TARGETED (generic) weight loss interventions adapted specifically for young adults to a CONTROL intervention. Participants (N = 459; 23.3 ± 4.4 years; mean BMI 31.2 ± 4.4 kg/m2) were recruited from two universities. Implementation costs were examined from a payer (i.e., university) perspective, comparing both the average cost effectiveness ratio (ACER) and the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the two interventions. Cost-effectiveness measures were calculated for changes in body weight, abdominal circumference, HDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and HbA1c. The overall 6-month implementation costs were $105.66 per person for the TAILORED intervention and $91.44 per person for the TARGETED intervention. The ACER for weight change was $107.82 for the TAILORED and $179.29 for the TARGETED interventions. The ICER comparing TAILORED with TARGETED for change in body weight was $5.05, and was even lower ($2.28) when including only those with overweight and not obesity. The ICERs for change in abdominal circumference, HDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and HbA1c were $3.49, $59.37, $1.57, $2.64, and $47.49, respectively. The TAILORED intervention was generally more cost-effective compared with the TARGETED intervention, particularly among those with overweight. Young adults with obesity may require more resource-intensive precision-based approaches.

Effects of dose response and 5 weeks of exercise on abdominal circumference and BMI in obese women

Being overweight, which results in a large belly circumference, is often overlooked, despite the fact that belly fat accumulation can endanger health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of changes in abdominal circumference and BMI after giving tabata training for 16 meetings. This study is a quasi-experiment that employs a one-group pre-test post-test group design with a population of all Powerfit Daru members and a total sample of 15 using a purposive sampling technique with sample criteria of having an abdominal circumference > 80 cm, being 25-40 years old, and being obese. The obtained data were processed using IBM SPSS version 26 and the paired T-test. The results showed that the average decrease in pre-test and post-test abdominal circumference was (94.86 8.79; 90.46 8.85) with a P value of 0.005 0.05. The results showed that the average change in BMI was 30.51 2.18; 29.96 2.65, with a P value of 0.418 > 0.05. The average decrease in abdominal circumference was -4.4 cm, and the BMI was -0.54 kg/m2. The conclusion of this study was that there was a significant decrease in changes in abdominal circumference with tabata exercise for 5 weeks of treatment but no significant decrease in BMI.
 

Effect of abdominal massage on feeding intolerance in patients receiving enteral nutrition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of abdominal massage (AM) on feeding intolerance (FI) in patients receiving enteral nutrition (EN). A systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched seven electronic databases to September 2021. STATA and RevMan were used to analyse the data. Eleven studies were included. The results revealed that AM could significantly reduce gastric residual volume and abdominal circumference difference, and reduce the incidence of gastric retention, vomiting, abdominal distention (all p< 0.001), diarrhoea (p= 0.02) and constipation (p= 0.002) in the experimental group. One study reported the incidence of aspiration in the control group was higher, but this was not statistically significant (p= 0.07). The meta-regression analysis showed there was a statistically significant correlation between intervention personnel and gastric residual volume (p= 0.035). AM could reduce the amount and incidence of gastric retention and the changes in abdominal circumference, and significantly reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, without increasing the incidence of aspiration for EN patients. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Effects of Longitudinal Changes in Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors on the Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Disease in Young Adults.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one focus of healthcare system reform in Japan. We examined the effects of changes in individual risk factors over time on the incidence of major adverse cardio-cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in adults under the age of 50 years. Study participants under the age of 50 with neither hypertension nor hyperglycemia at baseline were analyzed. We used a parametric proportional hazard model to determine the effect of changes in abdominal circumference, blood pressure, serum lipids, and blood glucose on the incidence of MACCE.A total of 6,125 women and 6,403 men were subject to the analyses. The incidence rate of MACCE per 1,000 person-years was 1.17 for women and 2.42 for men. In men under the age of 50, an increase in abdominal circumference was associated with an increase in MACCE incidence (hazard ratio per 1 cm increase: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.17), whereas no statistically significant association was observed in women. Compared with Visit 1, if the abdominal circumference increased by 4 cm at Visit 3, the hazard ratio for developing MACCE was approximately 1.5 (hazard ratio 1.48; 95% CI, 1.18-1.86). In men under the age of 50, increases in abdominal circumference and systolic blood pressure were associated with an increased risk of developing MACCE, regardless of the degree of obesity at baseline. Therefore, encouraging young adults to improve their health before developing MetS may reduce the risk of MACCE.

Safety and Efficacy of Transform for Noninvasive Lipolysis and Circumference Reduction of the Abdomen.

Summary:Noninvasive body contouring has seen a precipitous rise in popularity since its advent in the early 2000s. With this rise in popularity, there has been an expansion in the types and number of noninvasive devices for muscle hypertrophy and fat lipolysis. The Transform radiofrequency and electrical muscle stimulation device is a newly introduced device for noninvasive abdominal body contouring. The present study is a prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of the Transform device on abdominal circumference. Fifteen patients were enrolled and received three treatment sessions with the Transform device. On average, patients saw changes in abdominal circumference (−0.43 cm, P = 0.48), caliper pinch thickness (−6.07 mm, P = 0.0036), and ultrasound fat thickness (−5.40 mm, P < 0.001) at 3 months posttreatment with minimal discomfort and high patient satisfaction. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that the Transform device is a safe and effective noninvasive option for fat lipolysis and muscular hypertrophy.

A novel nonfocused pulsed ultrasound technology for noninvasive circumference reduction.

There is a continuously growing demand for circumference reduction and body shaping technologies, with an overwhelming preference for non-invasive, pain-free procedures. This paper presents a novel body contouring device which uses pulsed, vacuum-assisted non-focused ultrasound. To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of the vacuum-assisted acoustic wave technology for circumference reduction of the abdominal region. Eighteen healthy women with a body mass index under 25 underwent four 20-min fat reduction treatments in the abdominal region, at 1-week intervals. Efficacy was evaluated by the change in abdominal circumference up to 12 weeks post treatment relative to baseline and by comparison of before and after photos by two blinded evaluators. Subjects rated their satisfaction with the treatment procedure and outcomes. Safety was evaluated by adverse events, local skin reaction, and pain assessments. 1 week after the final session, the mean reductions in abdominal circumference measured 5.4± 2.6cm. At 1month after the last session, the cumulative reduction in circumference was 5.8± 3.2cm. Measurements take at 3months after the last treatment showed abdominal circumferences decrease of an average 5.2± 3.1cm relative to baseline measures. All patients reported a painless procedure and there were no treatment-induced severe adverse events. Most patients reported a positive change in body contour, with all subjects saying they would highly recommend the treatment to others. Assessments performed by blinded evaluators ranked six cases as very to extremely improved and an additional seven cases as somewhat improved. No dramatic weight fluctuations were recorded. This study demonstrates that a four-treatment course with an acoustic wave ultrasound applicator with 1-week intervals, leads to a significant reduction in abdominal circumference, lasting up to at least 3months with no pain or side effects reported.

Tolvaptan therapy of Chinese cirrhotic patients with ascites after insufficient diuretic routine medication responses: a phase III clinical trial

BackgroundTo determine the safety and efficacy of different doses of tolvaptan for treating Chinese cirrhotic patients with or without hyponatraemia who still had ascites after routine therapy with diuretics.MethodsIn the present placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded, multicentre clinical trial, patients with cirrhotic ascites who failed to adequately respond to a combination of an aldosterone antagonist plus an orally administered loop diuretic were randomly placed at a 4:2:1 ratio into 3 groups [the 15 mg/day tolvaptan group (N = 301), 7.5 mg/day tolvaptan group (N = 153) and placebo group (N = 76)] for 7 days of treatment. The effects and safety were evaluated on days 4 and 7. A change in body weight from baseline on day 7 of treatment was the primary endpoint.ResultsThe administration of 7.5 or 15 mg/day tolvaptan significantly decreased body weight from baseline on day 7 of treatment compared to that with placebo treatment (P = 0.026; P = 0.001). For the secondary endpoints, changes in abdominal circumference from baseline and improvements in ascites were markedly different in the treatment groups and the placebo group on day 7 (P7.5 = 0.05, P15.0 = 0.002 and P7.5 = 0.037, P15.0 = 0.003), but there was no difference between the 7.5 mg/day and 15 mg/day dosage groups. The 24-h cumulative urine volume was higher in the 7.5 mg/day and 15 mg/day tolvaptan groups than the placebo group (P = 0.002, P < 0.001) and was greater in the 15 mg/day tolvaptan group than the 7.5 mg/day tolvaptan group (P = 0.004). Sodium serum concentrations were higher in patients with hyponatraemia after tolvaptan treatment, with no significant difference between the two dosage groups. The incidence of serious adverse drug reactions was not different between the groups (P = 0.543).ConclusionsTolvaptan treatment at 7.5 mg per day might be a good therapeutic choice for Chinese cirrhotic patients with ascites who did not achieve satisfactory clinical responses to previous treatment regimens with combination therapy with an aldosterone antagonist and an orally administered loop diuretic.Trial registrationNCT01349348. Retrospectively registered May 2011.

Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A CT Evaluation

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) by evaluation of hepatic steatosis on computed tomography (CT). Methods: The study included 77 PCa patients who underwent abdominal CT at baseline and after 6 months of ADT. The degree of hepatic steatosis was evaluated according to the attenuation value for liver parenchyma (CT_LP), the attenuation ratio for liver and spleen (LS_ratio), and the difference in attenuation between LS (LS_dif). The associations between these 3 indices and various metabolic syndrome-related factors were analyzed. Results: The number of NAFLD patients increased from 9 (11.6%) at baseline to 16 (20.7%) after ADT. The CT_LP, LS_ratio, and LS_dif values were significantly lower after ADT than before (p < 0.05). There were significant correlations between the percent change in CT_LP and the percent change in HbA_1c, between the percent change in LS_ratio and the percent change in abdominal circumference, and between the percent change in LS_dif and the percent change in BMI. Conclusions: Six months of ADT was associated with significant progression of NAFLD in PCa patients. This progression was strongly correlated with changes in HbA_1c, abdominal circumference, and BMI.

Cost-Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China.

To compare the remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through treatment with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), and to analyze the cost-effectiveness of medical treatment, LSG, and LRYGB in T2DM patients (BMI ≥ 28).A 2-group randomized controlled trial was conducted at Diabetes Surgery Centre, Beijing Shijitan Hospital in Beijing, China. Subjects were 80 patients ages 16 to 65 years with a body mass index of 28 kg/m2 or more and duration of T2DM no more than 15 years. Subjects were randomly assigned (1:1) to undergo either LSG (n = 40) or LRYGB (n = 40) between February 3, 2011 and October 31, 2013. Of those patients, 72 (90%) were available at follow-up at 2 years. These patients included 34 (85%) who underwent LSG and 38 (95%) who underwent LRYGB. This study presents the follow-up data at 2 years, which compared LSG and LRYGB in T2DM patients. Partial remission and complete remission were determined, and weight loss, BMI, changes in abdominal circumference, cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. The cost-effectiveness of each type of bariatric surgery was analyzed with a Markov simulation model that yielded quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs.From our analysis results, LSG and LRYGB are both have taken a great effect on the reduction of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and bodyweight in patients with T2DM. The cost-effectiveness ratios of medical treatment, LSG, and LRYGB respectively are 1589.02, 1028.97, and 1197.44 dollars per QALY.Our analysis indicates that LSG appear to provide a cost-effective method of T2DM treatment for the patients.

Assessment of distribution of ventilation by electrical impedance tomography in standing horses

The aim was to evaluate the feasibility of using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in horses. Thoracic EIT was used in nine horses. Thoracic and abdominal circumference changes were also measured with respiratory ultrasound plethysmography (RUP). Data were recorded during baseline, rebreathing of CO2 and sedation. Three breaths were selected for analysis from each recording. During baseline breathing, horses regularly took single large breaths (sighs), which were also analysed. Functional EIT images were created using standard deviations (SD) of pixel signals and correlation coefficients (R) of each pixel signal with a reference respiratory signal. Left-to-right ratio, centre-of-ventilation and global-inhomogeneity-index were calculated. RM-ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used (P < 0.05). Distribution of ventilation shifted towards right during sighs and towards dependent regions during sighs, rebreathing and sedation. Global-inhomogeneity-index did not change for SD but increased for R images during sedation. The sum of SDs for the respiratory EIT signals correlated well with thoracic (r2 = 0.78) and abdominal (r2 = 0.82) tidal circumferential changes. Inverse respiratory signals were identified on the images at sternal location and based on reviewing CT images, seemed to correspond to location of gas filled intestines. Application of EIT in standing non-sedated horses is feasible. EIT images may provide physiologically useful information even in situations, such as sighs, that cannot easily be tested by other methods.

Efficacy of carbon dioxide insufflation during gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, prospective study

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is commonly performed under air insufflation and is often accompanied by abdominal discomfort. CO2 is absorbed more rapidly by the body than is air; however, the use of CO2 insufflation in ESD remains controversial. This randomized, double-blind, controlled, prospective study was designed to assess the efficacy of CO2 versus air insufflation in gastric ESD. Between May 2012 and August 2014, a total of 110 patients with gastric tumors were randomly assigned to the CO2 insufflation (CO2 group, n = 54) or air insufflation group (air group, n = 56). Abdominal pain after ESD was chronologically recorded via visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Secondary outcome measurements were adverse events, abdominal circumference, amount of sedatives prescribed, and use of analgesics. Neither the baseline patient characteristics nor the mean procedural time differed between the groups. The VAS score for abdominal pain was 35.2 in the CO2 insufflation group versus 48.5 in the air insufflation group 1 hour after ESD (P = .026), 27.8 versus 42.5 three hours after ESD (P = .007), 18.4 versus 34.8 six hours after ESD (P = .001), and 9.2 versus 21.9 one day after ESD (P < .001). Changes in abdominal circumference, the amounts of sedative drugs taken, and the adverse events did not differ between the groups. However, the air insufflation group required more analgesics than did the CO2 insufflation group (CO2 group, 22.0% [11/50]; air group, 42.3% [22/52]; P = .028). CO2 insufflation during gastric ESD significantly reduced abdominal pain and analgesic usage compared with air insufflation. ( NCT01579071.)

Fetal growth trajectory and risk for eczema in a Saudi population.

Recent studies in Western cohorts have identified associations between increasing fetal abdominal circumference (AC) during mid-pregnancy and increased risk for eczema and atopy. We sought to replicate these findings in a Saudi population where antenatal environmental exposures are different compared with Western countries. A Saudi birth cohort was recruited to relate maternal dietary intake and fetal growth to wheeze, eczema, and rhinitis in the first 2yrs. Fetal size was determined from routine ultrasound scan measurements in the second and third trimesters and birthweight was noted. Parent-reported outcomes during the first 2yrs were acquired by telephone-administered questionnaire. There were 1076 mothers recruited. AC was determined in 562 for the second, in 632 for the third, and in 281 for both second and third trimesters. A history of eczema was determined in 814 children at 2yrs of age. There was an inverse relationship between change in abdominal circumference between the second and third trimesters for eczema (OR 0.66 per z score increase in AC [95% CI 0.49, 0.89]), and the quartile with the greatest faltering growth were at increased risk compared with other groups (p≤0.045). Change in fetal size between the third trimester and birth was not associated with altered eczema risk. There were no associations between fetal growth and wheeze at the age of 2yrs. Our findings contrast observations made in Western populations but nonetheless suggest that factors associated with changing fetal growth trajectory in the second half of pregnancy are also relevant to atopy development on the global setting.

MP73-09 TYPE OF ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY AFFECTS METABOLIC CONDITION AND ADIPOSE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The adverse events of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to prostate cancer patients are associated with metabolic condition and adipose tissue increasing. We evaluated whether type of androgen deprivation therapy affects metabolic condition and adipose tissue distribution. METHODS: From January 2003 to March 2011, we performed definitive therapy with 6 months neoadjuvant ADT to 445 prostate cancer patients in our hospital. Among them, we analyzed the data available 146 prostate cancer patients. We retrospectively evaluated the metabolic values (glycohemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (T-cho), triglyceride (TG) value and body mass index (BMI) and adipose distribution (subcutaneous and visceral) before and after ADT. One hundred nine patients received radical prostatectomy, 28 patients with extra beam radiotherapy and 9 patients with brachytherapy. We divided patients in two groups according to the regimen of ADT; combined androgen blockade (LH-RH analog with antiandrogen drug, CAB) and LH-RH analog with estramustine (EMP) groups. The difference of BMI and adipose volume were compared between CAB and EMP group. Adipose volumes (total, subcutaneous and visceral) and abdominal circumference before and after 6 months ADT were analyzed from computed tomography by Visceral Fat Analyzer, M2 ver2.3. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in age, BMI, clinical stage and initial PSA between CAB and EMP group. HbA1c and T-cho values were significantly deceased in EMP group (P < 0.001) but TG was not different between two group. BMI was significantly increased in CAB (P < 0.001) but not changed in EMP group. Total adipose volume was significantly increased in CAB (P <0.001) but decreased in EMP group (P 1⁄4 0.027) during the 6 months ADT. The Subcutaneous fat increased in both groups (P < 0.001), and the visceral fat was increased in CAB but decreased in EMP (P < 0.001). There were no changes in abdominal circumference. Adipose increasing rates were correlated with ADT duration. CONCLUSIONS: Although the present study is retrospective, the above data suggest that ADT regimen of LH-RH analog with estramustine has potential to suppress visceral fat increases and improve glucose-lipid metabolism in the prostate cancer patients. Source of Funding: none

Changes in Abdominal Circumference during Endurance Exercise: A Pilot Study

IntroductionHorses have a large intestinal reserve of water and electrolytes that can be absorbed to replace sweat fluid losses during endurance exercise. As a consequence, the abdomen develops a “tucked‐up” appearance; however, data documenting changes in abdominal circumference during endurance exercise are lacking.MethodsAbdominal circumference was measured directly (in triplicate with a measurement tape to nearest cm) every 15‐km at three sites (front, middle, and back) in six 2‐year‐old Arabian horses that completed four 60‐km bouts of treadmill exercise. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and compared to body weight (BW) loss by correlation analysis.ResultsAbdominal circumference decreased at all three sites during the exercise test (1.8 ± 0.7, 1.4 ± 0.7, and 3.1 ± 1.3 cm for front, middle, and back, respectively, [representing 1–2% of total circumference]) with the greatest decrease (&gt;50% of total) occurring during the initial 15‐km of the exercise test. Changes in abdominal circumference during each step of the exercise test were significantly correlated with BW changes (R values 0.18–0.39, P&lt;0.05 for all).ConclusionsThese data support the clinical observation that the abdomen decreases in size during endurance exercise and that the largest changes are observed in the earlier stages of exercise, similar to the initial greater decrease in BW that has been documented in several studies during the initial half of endurance competitions.Ethical Animal ResearchThis study was approved by the Animal Use Committee of Michigan State University. Sources of funding: WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition. Competing interests: none.

Sa1518 Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Insufflation During ERCP Using Visual Analogue Scale Sores; a Prospective, Single-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Insufflation During ERCP Using Visual Analogue Scale Sores; a Prospective, Single-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial Tesshin Ban*, Yu Nojiri, Toshihiro Ohwaki, Takashi Yoshimine, Miho Aoki, Hiroyasu Iwasaki, Yasuki Hori, Satoshi Nomura, Takaaki Kanamoto, Atsunori Kusakabe, Hiroshi Kanie, Tomonori Yamada, Katsumi Hayashi, Etsuro Orito Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan Background: Recently, Some authors reported that CO2 insufflation during ERCP made the patients feel more comfortable after their procedure than air insufflation, but one author’s findings did not agree. Objective: To investigate the efficacy of CO2 insufflation during ERCP as compared with air insufflation for reducing visual analogue scale score (VAS) after procedure. Design: Single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Single center. Patients and Methods: From August 22nd, 2011 to July 17th, 2012. One hundred candidates were included and allocated into the CO2 group or the air group equally using the randomized number table. Main outcome measure was VAS and abdominal circumference change 3 hrs after the procedure and in the next morning. The body movement requiring extra midazolam i.v. injection during the procedure was also investigated. VAS score were from 0 to 10. Midazolam 0.1mg/kg and pentazocine 10mg were i.v. injected at the beginning of the procedure. Scopolamine Butybromide or Glucagon was used simultaneously as an antispasmodic drug. Statistics: SPSS Statistics ver.19 was used. Results: The characteristics of 49 patients and 50 patients allocated to the air group and the CO2 group were analyzed. There were no significant differences in the backgrounds between the two groups. VAS 3hrs after the procedure in the air group and the CO2 group were 0.82 1.52 and 1.19 2.02 (p 0.336), respectively. VAS next in the morning in the air group and the CO2 group were 0.38 1.54 and 0.38 1.54 (p 0.458), respectively. There were no significant differences in VAS between the two groups. The Abdominal circumference changes 3 hrs after the procedure and in the next morning in the two groups were -0.25 3.29 % vs -0.70 2.84 % (p 0.487) and -1.18 % 4.00 vs -1.31 3.03 % (p 0.861), respectively. The rates of body movement requiring extra midazolam i.v. injections during the procedure were 27.7% and 38.0% (p 0.279), respectively. There were no differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Our results did not support the efficacy of carbon dioxide insufflation during ERCP for relieving abdominal pain after the procedure.

Abstract 325: Characterization and evaluation of a mouse ovarian cancer model for its preclinical suitability.

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the second most frequent invasive malignancy of the female genital tract and the most common cause of death among women with gynecologic malignancies. Although epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) accounts for over 90% of all ovarian malignancies, the lack of proper animal models that mimic the development and consequences of human EOC limits the ability of current preclinical ovarian cancer models to predict treatment response. The orthotopic development of syngeneic EOC within its relevant tumor microenvironment is an experimental ideal. Here, we demonstrate the development and characterization of a syngeneic EOC mouse model in immunecompetent C57BL/6 mice by orthotopic implantation of ID 8 mouse ovarian cancer cells. Using conventional and ultrasound-based techniques to compare tumor weight, volume and vascularity we followed the development of primary tumors, metastases and ascites over 16 weeks. ID 8 cells were implanted directly underneath the left ovarian bursa. Normal saline was injected to the contralateral ovary as control. Ovarian tumors grew consistently throughout the study period; ovarian weight and volume increased twelve and seven fold, respectively, compared to the contralateral, non-cancerous ovary. Ultrasound measurements of primary tumors and surrounding tumor tissue correlated with the actual size after surgical tumor harvest. Abdominal ascites were first observed at 12 weeks post orthotopic ID8 implantation with volume changes correlating with changes in abdominal circumference. Metastatic lesions were identified by ultrasound at 12 weeks after orthotopic ID8 implantation; sites included peritoneum, liver, and intestine. Histopathological analysis of tumors and metastases indicated similarities between orthotopic ID8 ovarian tumors and human ovarian tumors, except a significantly lower formation of angiogenic vasculature within the ID8 tumors. This study confirms the successful development of a mouse model that closely replicates characteristics seen in human ovarian cancer patients. It shows the feasibility of using ultrasound to assess tumor formation, progression and vascularization. Furthermore, we demonstrate potential shortcomings, which could significantly limit the use of current animal models predicting therapeutic efficacy of novel agents, especially anti-angiogenic therapeutics, impacting the translation of preclinical information to actual clinical outcomes. Citation Format: Sungpil Cho, Yongen Sun, Andrew P. Soisson, Mark K. Dodson, C. Matthew Peterson, Elke A. Jarboe, Anne M. Kennedy, Margit M. Janat-Amsbury. Characterization and evaluation of a mouse ovarian cancer model for its preclinical suitability. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 325. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-325

457: Individualized growth assessment in pregnancies complicated by gastroschisis

complicated by gastroschisis Sina Haeri, Russell Deter, Padmashree Woodham, Wesley Lee Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children’s Hospital, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Houston, TX, Mercer School of Medicine & Medical Center of Central Georgia, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Macon, GA OBJECTIVE: Traditional fetal growth assessment has relied on the ultrasound (US) estimated fetal weight (EFW) and comparison with reference ranges. Unfortunately, in pregnancies complicated by gastroschisis, this has led to an overestimation of fetal growth restriction (FGR) due to the defect related abdominal circumference changes. Consequently, our objective was to examine growth using the Individualized Growth Assessment (IGA) with each fetus as its own control. STUDY DESIGN: In this cohort study of pregnancies complicated by gastroschisis, longitudinal US data for biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) were obtained. Second trimester-specific Rossavik models [P c(tk st] for these four anatomical parameters were used to generate expected third-trimester size trajectories with age-specific normal reference ranges. Observed and predicted measurements were compared by percent deviations. Subjects with percent deviation less than the normal range (BPD 0-0%, HC -0.11-0%, AC -0.05-0%, FL -0.27-0%) were classified as not having reached their growth potential for a specific parameter (cases). RESULTS: BPD, HC, and FL parameters exhibited normal size trajectories. For AC, 14 (56%) fetuses reached their individualized growth potential, while 11 (44%) did not. Compared to controls, those with impaired AC growth were more likely to demonstrate non-reassuring fetal heart rate tracing (36% vs. 0%, p 0.03), have a lower BW (2055 / 659 vs. 2886 / 813 grams, p 0.01), and required a longer length of stay (40.3 / 21.1 vs. 25.0 / 15.2 days, p 0.05). Subjects were also categorized based on birthweight as small for gestational age (SGA) vs. normal. SGA status did not predict adverse neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: IGA provides an alternative to conventional ultrasound measures of growth by allowing the fetus with gastroschisis to serve as its own control. IGA may serve as a superior tool in identifying fetuses with a tenuous post-natal course and allow for targeted management strategies.

Quantitation of the Results of Abdominal Liposuction

There are few objective techniques to accurately measure the outcome of liposuction. Consequently, there is also a paucity of data quantifying the results of this procedure. The authors compare changes in abdominal volume and circumference with several objective measurement techniques in a relatively homogeneous group of individuals undergoing liposuction in a single, defined abdominal region. This clinical study enrolled 23 patients with a body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m(2) who had a localized anterior abdominal contour defect. Patients underwent standard suction-assisted tumescent liposuction. Changes in abdominal volume and circumference in the operative area (60 mm above to 80 mm below the umbilicus) preoperatively and 10 weeks postoperatively were assessed using a 3-dimensional (3D) digital photographic system and a standardized constant-tension manual tape measure procedure. The majority of the patients in this study were Caucasian women with a mean age of 42 years, a mean weight of 65.8 kg, and a mean BMI of 23.8 kg/m(2). In the study population, mean abdominal volume and umbilical circumference were reduced by 231.0 mL (~30% of subcutaneous fat) and 1.7 cm, respectively, at 10 weeks postoperatively as determined by 3D digital imaging. Fat volume in the surgical aspirate (mean = -183.3 mL) was a poor predictor of individual outcome, as assessed 10 weeks postoperatively by both the 3D digital imaging and multilevel constant-tension tape measure assessment tools. Both 3D digital photographic imaging and a standardized manual tape measurement procedure proved to be reliable tools for objectively assessing changes in abdominal circumference and volume produced by standard liposuction of a single, defined abdominal region.

A prospective, randomized, Single-blinded, comparative study of Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway and ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway in pediatric patients

Context:ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA) is extensively being used in pediatric anesthesia.Aims:To evaluate the efficacy of PLMA as compared to Classic Laryngeal Mask Airway (CLMA) for airway maintenance in pediatric patients.Settings and Design:A prospective, randomized, Single-blinded study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Materials and Methods:Sixty ASA I and II children were included. Patients were randomized to either size 2 PLMA or size 2 CLMA groups. Parameters noted were time for insertion, number of attempts, airway sealing pressure, blood pressures (systolic, diastolic, and mean), pulse rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and postoperative change in abdominal circumference, and airway trauma.Statistical analysis used:Parametric data were analyzed with the unpaired t-test and non-parametric data were analyzed with the chi-square (χ2) test. Unless otherwise stated, data are presented as mean (SD). Significance was taken as P < 0.05.Results:There was no statistical difference between the two groups for the success rates at the first attempt of insertion, airway sealing pressure, hemodynamic responses, SpO2, EtCO2 and postoperative changes in abdominal circumference. Patients in the PLMA group had longer time of insertion and higher incidence of airway trauma.Conclusions:The PLMA and the CLMA were comparable for hemodynamic and ventilatory parameters and change in abdominal circumference; however, the time taken for insertion and airway trauma was more with PLMA.