Chandigarh Tricity Research Articles

Income Inequality Among Transgender Individuals In India: With Data Evidence And Case Study From Chandigarh Tri-City

This research paper explores the Income Inequality experienced by transgender individuals in India. Despite legal recognition and progressive reforms, the transgender community continues to be victimised due to socioeconomic marginalization. This paper examines income inequality within the transgender population in Chandigarh Tri-City through primary data collection and analysis. The research explores factors such as educational attainment, employment opportunities, and access to social services that contribute to income inequality. By identifying these issues, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how economic inequalities exist and what measures are needed to bring inclusivity and equality for transgender individuals

To Analyse Role Played By Hotels In Enhancing Skill And Knowledge Among Undergraduate Female Students During Industrial Training Exposure From Haryana And Chandigarh Tricity Hotels

To Analyse Role Played By Hotels In Enhancing Skill And Knowledge Among Undergraduate Female Students During Industrial Training Exposure From Haryana And Chandigarh Tricity Hotels

Impact Of Industrial Training On Career Perspective Of Female Hotel Management Students With Reference To Haryana And Chandigarh Tricity Hotels

Impact Of Industrial Training On Career Perspective Of Female Hotel Management Students With Reference To Haryana And Chandigarh Tricity Hotels

Estimating Land Subsidence and Gravimetric Anomaly Induced by Aquifer Overexploitation in the Chandigarh Tri-City Region, India by Coupling Remote Sensing with a Deep Learning Neural Network Model

This study utilizes surface displacement data from Persistent Scatterer SAR Interferometry (PSInSAR) of Sentinel-1 satellite and groundwater storage change data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission to understand land subsidence in the Chandigarh tri-city region. The satellite datasets are used along with the groundwater level data obtained from wells over the study area. Since the GRACE data are available at a much coarser spatial resolution of 1o by 1o, challenges remain in correlating the dataset with PSInSAR displacement that has been multi-looked at 14 m by 14 m resolution. Therefore, multiple sources of data (i.e., the monthly average of GRACE data, groundwater storage change and monthly average PSInSAR displacement per pixel, and interpolated groundwater level data from wells for 2017 to 2022) have been deployed into a deep learning multi-layer perceptron (DLMLP) model to estimate the groundwater storage change at the urban level. This has an indirect downscaling method that is carried out successfully using the DLMLP model for the estimation of groundwater storage changes at the urban level, which is usually complicated by applying direct downscaling methods on the GRACE data. Thus, the DLMLP model developed here is a distinctive approach considered for estimating the changes in groundwater storage using PSInSAR displacement, groundwater data from wells, and GRACE data. The DLMLP model gives an R2-statistics value of 0.91 and 0.89 in the training and testing phases, respectively, and has a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.23 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.87.

Preliminary assessment of COVID-19 Waste management scenario During lockdown in Chandigarh & nearby areas.

Covid – 19 brought about a change in process of working in all the spheres. A change could be seen in the education sector, hospitality, transport, manufacturing, medical sector, etc. The economy and lifestyle were majorly hit at all levels. Even a single-unit family faced the brunt of the pandemic in several ways. The family size increased because members of the family who were away from homes working in different cities other than their native places shifted back. That resulted in variation in the quantity of waste generation at residences and a change in the composition of waste as well.While socialists, scientists, architects, and environmentalists are concerned about fancy topics like sustainability, climate change, environmental awareness, etc., one should not forget about the waste management system to add on points towards sustainability & healthy life. A proper waste management system plays a major role when the world faces such a pandemic situation.The study is aimed to find out the changes in the waste composition and change of mode and frequency of collection in the residential sector during the lockdown period.The need for such a study will help us frame better guidelines for future. It will also help us know the awareness level of public and how much more is required for better segregation of waste. This will further help us for better waste management.The methodology used in the paper is questionnaire based besides self-observation. The questionnaire was floated in tricity of Chandigarh, Mohali and Punchkula and Kharar.The findings of the paper reveal that there was considerable lowering in the frequency of collection of waste from the residential area which caused a lot of inconvenience to the owners. It has been found that the waste composition has changed over a period of time with more usage of plastics which were frequently used in the form sanitizer bottles, surface disinfectant bottles, and vegetable cleaning liquid bottle etc. besides packaging material used because of online shopping and extra usage of placebo medicines.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE AND WORKING CONDITIONS OF FULL TIME (LIVE-IN) DOMESTIC WORKERS IN TRICITY OF CHANDIGARH

In the Tricity of Chandigarh (Chandigarh, Panchkula and SAS Nagar), the growing urbanization pulls the migrants from nearby rural areas especially from low income, illiterate, scheduled caste households in search of better job opportunities and decent place of living with a hope to get their children good education and a bright future. In the process of migration the male of the family gets accommodate themselves in salaried occupations or in some kind of selfemployment options, depending upon the level of their education. However, the female of the household are left with very few options domestic work being the most preferred where no skill and education is required to earn something instead of enjoying leisure time. The domestic workers are termed as full-time (live-in) domestic workers who work for cash payments and reside in the places of employers either in separate servant quarters or in the same house. Fulltime (live-in) domestic workers need to be present round the clock in the service of their employers. The study is based on primary data of 107 domestic maids randomly selected from different locations (Sectors) of Tricity; the detailed questionnaire was structured to collect the data. These full-time (live-in) domestic workers hail from nearby hindi speaking states like UP and Bihar either in first or in second generation. Usually they don’t have any skill and earns Rs. 6374 on an average excluding in kind payments accrue to them in terms of free accommodation.

The Negative Impact of Food Neophobia on the People Ofchandigarh Tri-City, India

Food Neophobia (FN) is related to individual’s fear to go for new variety of food. There may be multiple reasons for people to act as Food Neophobic and not trying something new such as ,taste, low level of knowledge etc.but it is found that Food Neophobia is directly related to low quality of diet.Social or demographical factors also plays a vital role in people liking or disliking towards food. Sometimes a bad experience also restrict people to try out new dishes. Because of all this factors generally individual restrict themselves to a particular type of food which leads to in some cases malnutrition.The aim of the study was to access the relationship between Food Neophobia with education and demographic factors in adults living in rural versus urban areas. The research carried out in Chandigarh Tri City,Punjab India.Data was collected from 441 respondents, out of which 246 respondents are females and 195 respondents were males from urban and rural classes. We found that Food Neophobia strongly influence the eating habits and directly responsible for lesser nutrition in individuals specially having high degree of Food Neophobia.

Impact of Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Report of Tri-City Region of Chandigarh

The second wave of COVID-19 pandemic has blown the tri-city of Chandigarh with terrible shock waves among the residents. Being one of the top-notch per capita income cities in India, Chandigarh was found to be more vulnerable in this second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. This second wave of pandemic has caused high inflow of patients from nearby states and produced supplementary burden on the health care facilities in the city beautiful. The central aim of this work is to highlight the impact of this second wave of pandemic on the health of residents. The study represents the impact of second wave of COVID-19 on tri-city of Chandigarh by focusing on the main points of, (1) reported active cases from February to May, 2021, (2) number of deaths during this phase, (3) challenges faced during this time and (4) management and governance measures during this time. This kind of study helps to comprehend the impacts of second wave on Chandigarh and emphasized on the major lessons that can be learned during this phase. In one hand the study discussed the vulnerable impact of pandemic on clinical and economical situation of city, whereas on other hand it explains the timely measures taken by the administration to curb the surge of this second wave. Overall, this second wave of pandemic lead to an outstanding opening for tri-city planners and policy architectures to take necessary and timely actions towards making the city more susceptibility to pandemics.

Do YouTube Vlogs influence Purchase Intention? The Mediation Role of Perceived Source Credibility

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of YouTube Vlogs on consumers' purchase intention with the mediating role of perceived source credibility and previous experience of consumers in using the product as a moderator. Research data were obtained through questionnaires by the method of convenience sampling, distributed among Indian females who often use YouTube for watching videos. The study was conducted in Punjab and Chandigarh Tricity. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed through the social networks from which 170 responses were obtained. While analyzing the data, 20 questionnaires got discarded because of missing and invalid responses. Therefore, a total of 150 questionnaires were analyzed for results. The technique of regression analysis and Model 5 of PROCESS version 3.4 for IBM SPSS with bootstrap 5000 was used to analyse the data. The research found that YouTube vlogs have a significant effect on influencing consumers' purchase intention. YouTube vloggers were perceived as trustworthy, expert, and attractive by consumers. However, the relationship between YouTube vlogs and purchase intention was not mediated by the trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness of vloggers. Consumers' previous experience in using the product has a significant effect on the purchase intention but as a moderator, it does not affect YouTube vlogs and purchase intention. The results of this study suggest that marketers can utilize online advertising and YouTube vlogs for their business Brands can collaborate with YouTube vloggers because most of the females watch their reviews before buying the products.

An Integrated Model of Financial Literacy among B–School Graduates Using Fuzzy AHP and Factor Analysis

Financial literacy is a very relevant concept in today’s world, where the financial markets are growing each day. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the critical dimensions of financial literacy in the Indian context. In this cross–sectional research, the data is collected from 698 students who were studying in leading private and government B–schools of Chandigarh Tri–City region. The exploratory factor analysis is used to extract the factors that affect the financial literacy of B–school graduates. The confirmatory factor analysis is used to validate these factors. Finally, fuzzy AHP is used to rank these factors. The results of this study identify the five critical financial literacy factors using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. In addition to this, fuzzy AHP is used to rank the identified factors. Results show that the most important factor of financial literacy is financial or professional training followed by financial behavior, financial attitude, financial knowledge, and the least important factor is financial culture. Financial literacy is essential from the youth’s point of view. To our knowledge, no such study has been done in the past, which has tried to model the financial literacy in Indian context through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and fuzzy AHP. TOPICS:Behavioral financial theory, behavioral financial in wealth management, long term/retirement investing Key Findings ▪ Financial literacy improves the financial decisions of an individual. The measurability of the construct improves when the construct is analyzed across different dimensions. ▪ The study makes use of Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and fuzzy AHP to identify, validate and prioritize critical dimensions of financial literacy respectively. ▪ The financial training is the most important factor of financial literacy followed by financial behavior, financial attitude and financial culture.

Influence of social media marketing on the performance of hotel industry: a study in Chandigarh Tri-city

This research paper illustrates the need of social media marketing in expanding the hotel businesses of the Chandigarh tri-city. Internet services being present in the tri-city allow the effective implementation of digital marketing strategy. This research paper highlights the available of swift transportation facilities, tourist sites, and technological parks as the primary factors leading to the emergence of hotel businesses in the tri-city. The research paper involves conduction of online survey to evaluate the indulgence on varied age group in social media platforms like Facebook and Snap chat. Also, implication of CSR marketing strategies and collaboration between IT and marketing departments in an organization to improve the social media based business promotions have been illustrated in this study. On the other hand, the paper also discusses the CSR driven marketing strategies aid to provide a competitive advantage to hotel businesses by ensuring recognition from social influencers due to the community welfare oriented business methods. Thus, organizations in the hospitality sector who are able to promote their community service driven programs on social media platforms receive stakeholder recognition.

Source apportionment of PM2.5 bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from a Tricity in the foothills of Himalayas in Northern India

This study highlights variability in mass levels and source identification of PM 2.5 bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the tricity of Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula in India. The samples of PM 2.5 werecollected from industrial and residential and sensitive receptor sites during summer (April-May 2015) and winter (December 2015-January 2016) season. Sampling was done using medium volume sampler and chemical analysis was done using gas-chromatography technique. The average mass levels of PM 2.5 varied from 31 to 91 µg m -3 exceeding to NAAQ standard of 60µg m -3 and total PAHs varied from 5.76 to 75.62 ngm -3 with a seasonal variability as higher in winter than in summer season. The positive correlation between PM 2.5 & TPAHs suggested similarity in source and origin. Diagnostic ratio and principal components analysis suggested vehicular emissions, coal combustion, wood and biomass burning as the main source of PAHs in the study area for potential health hazards.

Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Particulate Aerosols and Carbonaceous Species in PM2.5 in the Periphery of Chandigarh, India

Present study highlights the seasonal and spatial variation of particulate aerosols (PM10 and PM2.5) and carbonaceous species (organic tarry matter, organic and elemental carbon) in PM2.5. The ambient air samples for particulate aerosols were collected from tricity of Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula in India during summer (April’15–May’15) and winter (December’15–January’16). The mass levels of particulate aerosols and carbonaceous species show significant variation both seasonally and spatially. Average mass levels reported as higher in winter than summer were attributed to stagnant atmospheric and poor dispersion conditions. The mass levels were also found to be higher in industrial area as compared to residential and commercial areas. Average mass levels varying from 107.6 to 137.8 µg m−3 for PM10 and 46.6–59.5 µg m−3 for PM2.5 during the study period indicate alarming situation of particulate aerosols in this tricity. Carbonaceous species contributing as 42.5–47.5% OTM, 25.4–29.9% OC and 3.4–4.7% EC in PM2.5 indicate larger in fraction at all sites during both summer and winter.

Impact of Emotional Intelligence and Gender on Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study amongst the Employees of HDFC Banks in Chandigarh Tricity, India

Emotional intelligence is the most significant concept used in the present scenario of the work environment towards the job satisfaction. Nowadays, Emotional intelligence is used as a tool for measuring the organization’s performance and also playing a key role in stress management and job satisfaction of employees. Job dissatisfaction results in higher absenteeism, lower productivity, defensive behavior and lower performance. The study was organized on the employees’ of HDFC banks, working in Chandigarh Tricity to analyze the impact of emotional intelligence and gender on job satisfaction. A descriptive correlational research was conducted, by taking the population of all the employees of HDFC Banks, Chandigarh Tricity. Convenience sampling method was used to select the sample of the study which included 100 respondents from various branches of HDFC banks in Chandigarh Tricity. The inferences of the study were made with the help of statistical tools such as Karl Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, Regression analysis, t-test, and ANOVA. In the study, it has been observed that both emotional intelligence and job satisfaction has a positive relationship. It also indicates that Gender has no significant impact on these variables.

Living arrangement pattern of elderly in Chandigarh Tricity, India: A glimpse through geriatric clinic at tertiary hospital

Background: The changes in the demographic and economic fabric of society have significantly impacted the living arrangement patterns of the elderly. Objectives: The objectives are as follows: (i) To examine the living arrangement patterns of elderly coming to the geriatric clinic at a tertiary care institution in Chandigarh and (ii) To analyze the factors related with their living arrangements. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from April 2015 to March 2017 at a geriatric clinic in a tertiary care institution in North India. The data were collected from elderly patients (60 years and above) on a pre-designed, pre-tested, and structured questionnaire by interview technique. Chi-square test was applied followed by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 305 elderly patients were interviewed. Mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 68.5 (6.7) years. Females (59.3%) outnumbered males. One-fifth of the elderly were either living alone (04.6%) or with spouse only (16.4%). Significant associations were found between living arrangement patterns and gender, marital status, type of family, education, socioeconomic status, and house ownership. On logistic regression analysis, being widowed (odd’s ratio [OR]=23.1, confidence interval [CI]=4.1–127.6, and P = 0.00) was found to be a significant risk factor for “living alone”. Logistic regression analysis of “living with spouse only” showed significant association with socioeconomic class (OR=0.2, CI=0.1–0.4, and P = 0.00) and house ownership (OR=6.9, CI=1.6–30.6, and P = 0.01). Conclusion: Most elderly tend to coreside with children in Chandigarh Tricity. Age, gender, and marital status significantly influence the living arrangement patterns of the elderly.

An Empirical Study of Customers’ Awareness towards Value Added Services at Banks

The growth of value-added services in the economy cannot undermine the relevance of information and communication technology at any point in time, because it plays a critical role in satisfying the needs of customers. Nevertheless, the question arises whether the customers are aware of the use of IT-enabled services. The current study focuses its attention on the Value-added Services i.e., the services that deliver value to the customers and its impact on customers’ satisfaction by taking into consideration their awareness level. For the purpose of a study, two public sector banks and two private sector banks have been selected from Chandigarh Tricity, India i.e., (Chandigarh, Panchkula, and Mohali) and customers are approached to study the impact of their awareness level on the value-added services of these banks. A sample of 400 customers of different age, qualification, occupation, annual income and locality was included in Data Analysis. Descriptive analysis was made with the help of SPSS. It is quite interesting to note that both public and private sector banks are focusing on the need of value-added services for customers so that they can easily meet their banking requirements, whereas people from rural and semi-urban areas are not much aware of the value-added services.

Being Materialistic Makes You Happy or Not: A Probe

Does money bring happiness? This study was undertaken to understand and analyze the relationship between materialism and happiness. The sample consists of on young male and female students in the age group of 18-21years belonging to service class family and living in the tri-city of Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali. For the purpose of study respondents were selected randomly who were administered the structured questionnaire to measure happiness and materialism using Oxford Happiness questionnaire, Richards and Dawson Materialism Scale. Descriptive analysis, correlations, and t-ratios was applied to the data. Results revealed non- significant relationship between materialism and happiness. Gender difference was also studied.

Physico-chemical characterization of municipal solid waste from Tricity region of Northern India: a case study

An integrated solid waste management system is an effective method for controlling the huge volumes of solid waste generated in urban locales in India. The success of the integrated solid waste management system depends upon the amount and type generated from different sources for better facilitating of the appropriate management system. In this context, characterization studies are often performed on urban solid waste generated to enable suitable decision making for proper management of solid waste generated. The paper presents the characterization of urban solid wastes generated from the Tricity region of Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula in India. The present study characterizes the physical and chemical properties of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated in all the three study locations for different socio-economic groups. In general, the MSW generation from the Tricity of Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula account for approximately 680 tons per day (TPD) of solid waste (380 TPD in Chandigarh, 150 TPD in Mohali and 150 TPD in Panchkula). The characterization of the three cities indicates that MSW generated from all the three cities have high proportions of biodegradables [52% Chandigarh (CHD), 46.7% Mohali (MOH) and 42.6% Panchkula (PKL)] with inert fraction as (27% in CHD, 28.6% in MOH and 28.46% in PKL). The calorific value of the MSW generated varies from 1929 kcal/Kg for CHD, 1801 kcal/Kg for MOH and 1542 kcal/Kg for PKL with average moisture content of about 50% in CHD, 46% in MOH and 40% in PKL. Chemical characterization results of MSW reveal variation in elemental carbon with carbon fraction reported being 34.18% in CHD, 33.8% in MOH and 31.9% in PKL city. In the context of the characterization study, the paper also proposes suitable alternatives to the existing MSW management practices including composting, vermicomposting, setting up of a formal recycling unit and installation of bio-methanation plant along with the existing refuse derived fuel (RDF) plant as a comprehensive process for handling the municipal solid waste generated in the Tricity region.

Antenatal counselling- is it adequate? A cross-sectional study from Chandigarh tricity, India

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) provides an important opportunity to improve maternal understanding about pregnancy, childbirth, and care of the newborn. Adequate and quality ANC can help ensure a favourable pregnancy outcome, but the coverage of ANC in India remains inadequate. The present study was conducted with an objective to assess ante natal counselling services at health centers in Chandigarh Tricity.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Chandigarh Tricity during April 2012 to September 2013. Stratified multistage sampling technique was used to select health centers in tricity. A total of 345 pregnant women in second and third Trimester were interviewed with the help of pre-designed, structured and pre-tested questionnaire after taking their written informed consent. It was supplemented by observation of ante natal sessions. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19.Results: Nearly one-fourth (28.1%) participants received counselling regarding diet and rest. Only 26 (07.5%) participants were explained about danger signs during pregnancy. Significant difference was found between counseling given regarding ‘diet and rest’ with respect to city (p=0.03) and health centers (p=0.00). Significant difference was found between counselling for ‘family planning’ with respect to city (p=0.01) and health centers (p=0.00).Conclusions: Findings from our study indicate low level of counselling on various components of ANC. Thus, strategies under National Health Mission to improve quality of antenatal communication as well as maternal understanding should be strengthened.

Training and Development Practices in Small and Medium IT Firms: An Empirical Investigation

A large share of Indian economy is contributed by the small and medium enterprises (SMEs), not only in terms of GDP but also with their enormous ability of employment generation. Human resources lay the very foundation in the growth of SMEs and with increased competition it has become imperative to focus on the development practices vis-a-vis their employees which may help them to reap benefits of sustainability in future. Appreciating the relevance of providing training, this research aims at analysing and comparing the various training practices taken up by the small and medium IT organisations in the Chandigarh tricity region. For the study purpose, 121 employees from 12 small and medium enterprises were selected as sample. The statistical analysis revealed that the medium enterprises rely mainly on in-house training being provided on-the-job with significant contribution by off-the-job training. In contrast, the small IT enterprises confine themselves only to on-the-job training. Significant differences were seen between small and medium enterprises while comparing the various components of training cycle which includes training need assessment, adoption of training methods and training evaluation. In addition, greater informalisation was found in the planning and execution of human resource development practices being followed by the SMEs.