Chandauli District Research Articles

Impact of Nutrient Management Technologies on Maize under Irrigated Conditions in Chandauli District, Uttar Pradesh

The soil-test crop response (STCR) approach, which is currently gaining prominence for sustainable nutrient management, aims to adjust fertilizers for desired yield based on soil-test values.The STCR-based experiment was conducted for the desired maize production targets in alluvial soil of multiple locations of Persiya village in Naugharh block of Chandauli district, Uttar Pradesh during kharif 2019. It is important to test the developed fertilizer prescription equation to show how well technology is delivered to those who need it. A series of tests were set up in five locations in village Persiya to see how well fertilizer recommendations worked. First, the soils of the chosen area are examined for available N, P, and P. Control (T1), farmer behaviors (T2), the usually recommended fertilizer dosage (T3), and STCR-based fertilizer doses (T4 and T5) are among the treatments for yield targets of 30 and 35 q ha-1. The treatments were incorporated, cultivation procedures were followed on a consistent basis and yield of grains was recorded at harvest. The percentage increase in yield and benefit-cost ratio (B:C) were estimated using data on grain production and fertilizer dosages. The research findings revealed that the percent the accomplishment of the intended yield was within 10% fluctuation in all locations, showing the accuracy of the equations for prescribed integrated fertilizer dosages for maize. The highest percent increase in production was achieved in the yield of 35 q ha-1 (42.03%) followed by 30 q ha-1 (11.03%) beyond the prescribed fertilizer dosage (RDF). STCR 35 q ha-1 had the highest mean grain yield (3695.40 kg ha-1). STCR 35 q ha-1 had the highest benefit-cost ratio (3.76), followed by STCR 30 q ha-1 (3.46). The established maize fertilizer prescription equations may be advised for alluvial in eastern Uttar Pradesh in order to achieve a yield target of 35 q ha-1thereby resulting in greater economic yield. As a result, on tropical soils, an integrated STCR targeted yield method could prove to be the best feasible option for increasing maize productivity.

Characterization and explanation of the soil fertility state of Sakaldiha block in the Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh's industrial area

"Characterization and Comparative Study on Soil Fertility Status of Sakaldiha Block in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh" is the name of the study that was just completed. 2019 saw the investigation's completion. Winter. Soil samples were gathered from three different places (0–15 cm) in the Sakaldiha block. The gathered soil samples were processed and tested in the lab for various Physicochemical traits and easily available nutrients in accordance with the established protocols. To compare variations in nutrient status around industrial regions and conduct research on the relationship between relevant soil properties and relevant nutrients (NH-2). The soluble salt level of the soil in the Sakaldiha block of the Chandauli district is within a safe limit and has no effect on crop germination. The soil is categorised as neutral to slightly acidic in reaction. The research area's soils have a small range of organic carbon. The research area's soils have phosphorus levels that range from low to medium. Nitrogen ranged from low to high, whereas potassium was revealed to be in the middle to high range. The amounts of calcium and magnesium in the soils of the Sakaldiha block were suitable. Fe levels were adequate in all the soils studied, but Mn, Cu, and Zn contents ranged from insufficient to sufficient. Areas near industry had slightly higher B.D., P.D. macro- and micronutrient values, with the exception of Zn and Cu.

STCR based nutrient management in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) for higher productivity and profitability

Farmer' Participatory On Farm Trials (FP-OFT) were conducted at 10 different locations in Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh during rabi 2016-17 in medium black soils to study the influence of soil test crop response (STCR) approach vis-a-vis farmers' practice on productivity and economics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Result revealed that targeted seed yield of chickpea (16 q/ha) was achieved by adoption of STCR approach. The mean grain and stover yields of chickpea under STCR were increased by 37.1% and 41.2%, respectively over the farmers' practice (FP). The plant height, number of root nodules, pods/plant and test weight of seed were also increased by 11.6, 29.3, 11.6 and 26.0% respectively, over the FP. There was much larger negative balance in available nitrogen and available potassium status under farmers' practice compared to STCR based nutrient management approach. The gross return, net returns and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) under the STCR approach were between ` 70200-77450/ha, ` 48019-55176/ ha and 2.16-2.48 which were higher as compared to farmers' practice across the different locations. STCR based nutrient management approach should be adopted by the farmers for getting higher crop productivity and profitability and improving soil fertility status.

"Changing Cropping Pattern in Chandauli District Uttar Pradesh: A Block Level Analyse"

India is second most densely country in the world having 125.08 crore of population (census 2011) and about 60% population engage in agriculture both directly or indirectly. With the improvement of technology to feed the population and growth of economy cropping pattern affect change over period of time. Changing cropping pattern shows need and desire of population and for the sake of country’s Economy. Cropping patterns in the Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh and their changes through time are the key topics of discussion in this study (2010 to 2020). Cropping is a fluid idea that evolves throughout time. However, the study also identified the elements that influence changes in cropping patterns in the study area over time, including technological advancements, farmer rationality, educational attainment, and government intervention in the agriculture sector. The data for the study was gathered from secondary sources and taken from the Statical Handbook. Rice and wheat are the most important crops, accounting for over 90% of net seeded area from 2010 to 2020

Acute diarrheal disease outbreak in Muzaffarpur Village, Chandauli District, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Acute diarrheal disease (ADD) outbreaks frequently occur in the Gangetic plains of Uttar Pradesh, India. In August 2017, Muzaffarpur village, Uttar Pradesh, reported an ADD outbreak. Outbreak investigation was conducted to find out the epidemiology and to identify the risk factors. A 1:1 area-matched case-control study was conducted. Suspected ADD case was defined as ≥3 loose stools or vomiting within 24 h in a Muzaffarpur resident between August 7 and September 9, 2017. A control was defined as an absence of loose stools and vomiting in a resident between August 7 and September 9, 2017. A matched odds ratio (mOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated. Drinking water was assessed to test for the presence of any contamination. Stool specimens were tested for Vibrio cholerae, and water samples were also tested for any fecal contamination and residual chlorine. Among 70 cases (female = 60%; median age = 12 years, range = 3 months-70 years), two cases died and 35 cases were hospitalized. Area-A in Muzaffarpur had the highest attack rate (8%). The index case washed soiled clothes at well - A1 1 week before other cases occurred. Among 67 case-control pairs, water consumption from well-A1 (mOR: 43.00; 95% CI: 2.60-709.88) and not washing hands with soap (mOR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.28-6.42) were associated with illness. All seven stool specimens tested negative for V. cholerae. All six water samples, including one from well-A1, tested positive for fecal contamination with <0.2 ppm of residual chlorine. This outbreak was associated with consumption of contaminated well water and hand hygiene. We recommended safe water provision, covering wells, handwashing with soap, access to toilets, and improved laboratory capacity for testing diarrheal pathogens.

Status of soil available nickel (Ni) in different districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Limited information is available regarding status of available Ni in Indian soil and almost no literatures available on Ni deficient soils. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to generate database on Ni content in soil and identifying the potential Ni deficit areas. Plant available Ni in different districts soils was assessed by analyzing 526 surface soil samples from Varanasi, 684 from Mirzapur, 523 from Sant Ravidas Nagar and 558 from Chandauli district. The soil samples were analysed for soil reaction (pH), EC, organic carbon and DTPA extractable Ni. All the blocks of Varanasi were high in Ni and its content ranged from 0.03–20.88 mg kg-1. In Mirzapur district, overall 7.16% soil samples were Ni deficit, however at block level, highest deficiency was observed in Sikhar (31.67%) followed by Kon (27.78%) and Majhawa (24.32%). All the blocks of Sant Ravidas Nagar were high in nutrient index rating with variation in Ni content from 0.01–3.31 mg kg-1. Among the four districts, lowest number of Ni deficient soils (1.79 %) were found in Chandauli district with high nutrient index rating. While Mirzapur district had highest Ni deficit soil (7.16%) followed by Sant Ravidas Nagar (4.02%), however, potential threat of Ni deficiency was the highest in Sant Ravidas Nagar (22%) followed by Mirzapur (19%).

Physical Growth and Nutritional Status Assessment of School Going Children Residing in Western and Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Uttar Pradesh is the largest state of India in population and fourth largest state in terms of area. On the basis of its large size, diverse geography, climate and topography, the state has been divided into 4 regions, namely Western, Central, Eastern and Bundelkhand. Present study was conducted with an objective to assess physical growth and nutritional status of school going children age 6-14 years, residing in western and eastern Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. Survey was conducted at Bulandshahr district in western region and Chandauli district in eastern UP. The multistage stratified random sampling was used for identification of schools. Data was collected from 38 schools (Western Uttar Pradesh 20 schools and Eastern Uttar Pradesh 18 schools). Selected children in Western Uttar Pradesh (WUP) were 413 (Male 186 and Female 227) and in Eastern Uttar Pradesh (EUP) total children were 340 (Male 167 and Female 173). The clinical signs and symptoms examination was carried out for prevalence of macro and micro nutrients deficiencies. Anthropometric measurements i.e. body weight, height and mid upper arm circumference were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated as weight/ height2 to assess chronic energy deficiency. Physical growth of children was assessed by height for age (stunting) and BMI for age (under and over weight) by using z score suggested by WHO. Physical growth of the children was compared with WHO growth standards. Present study revealed that the overall mean height of children from both the regions were lower than the WHO standards however, height and weight measurements exhibit uniform increase with age in both the sexes. Prevalence of sever stunting was higher among boys and girls of WUP in comparison with EUP. The clinical signs and symptoms of protein deficiency were noticed tripe among girls than boys in both WUP and EUP. This indicates that overall girls were not receiving adequate protein in the diet. However symptoms of vitamin A and B complex deficiency were higher in boys of both the regions.

Characterization and fertility assessment of soils of Chandauli district of Eastern Uttar Pradesh for sustainable land use planning

Seven typical pedons representing major landforms in semi-arid and sub-tropical ecosystem of Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh, viz. plains, mid lands and uplands developed from alluvium parent material under varying land uses were studied for their morphological characteristics, physical and chemical properties and soil classification. The colour of the soils ranged from light brown grey to brownish yellow red with a dominant hue of 10YR. These soils were acidic to moderately alkaline (pH 4.8 to 8.4) in reaction, non-saline, moderately deep to very deep and had isohyperthermic temperature and udic soil moisture regime. Texture and total organic carbon (TOC) ranged from silty loam to silty clay loam and 0.1 to 29.7 kg/ha respectively. Soils were medium in phosphorus (6.8 to 24.2 kg/ha) and available potassium (159 to 376 kg/ha ). All the pedons had ochric epipedon and underlain by cambic horizon (P1 to P4) within the control section and as such they come under order Inceptisols, whereas profile 5 to profile 7 have argillic horizon so they come under order Alfisols. All soils of the study area fall in agricultural land under land capability classes III and IV having limitations of slope and erosion. On the basis of major soil constraints and potentials, suitable land use plan has been suggested.

Original

The rapid growth of population, urbanization, economic activities and natural phenomena have affected and simultaneously changed the land use land cover pattern. The main aim of this study is to gain a quantitative understanding of land use land cover changes in Chandauli district from 2000 to 2019. The maximum likelihood supervised classication in ERDAS imagine and ARC GIS software is applied in this study for the preparation of land use land cover maps and analysis of the pattern of land cover through satellite data for the years 2000, 2010 and 2019. The classication of land use land cover is divided into nine major classes i.e. water bodies, sand, cropland, built-up land, fallow land, wasteland, dense forest, open forest and scrub forest. Change detection analysis was also included in this analysis. The general pattern of LULC in this area includes an expansion of Fallow land (18.31 per cent), built-up land (13.43 per cent), open forest and water bodies as well as a reduction in the wasteland (12.59 percent) and dense forest areas in the reference period (2000-2019). The result also indicates that the dominating forest cover exists in southern Chandauli district. The mapping of land use land cover classes is also helpful in the study of change detection and natural resource management.

Original

Observation of land uses is an important tool to assess surface change at different spatio-temporal scales. There are six categories of land use discussed in which agricultural land-use class one. Any plan or policy related to agriculture land use brings a change in agricultural performance and cropping patterns. Apart from this, the cropping pattern is also governed by the law of comparative advantage concerning Agro-climatic conditions. The present paper focuses on the changes that have taken place in land use and cropping pattern in Chandauli district from 2000-01 to 2015-16. The study reveals that there has been a significant change in land use pattern and cropping pattern as settlement class of land use increase 22.72 per cent in 2015 and the area of rice and wheat crops increase 12829 ha. and 9767 ha. respectively from 2000-01 in the study area.

Changes in &lt;i&gt;pmoA&lt;/i&gt; Gene Containing Methanotrophic Population and Methane Oxidation Potential of Dry Deciduous Tropical Forest Soils

In natural ecosystems such as forests topographical gradients, species composition variability and seasonality, are the potential drivers of methane (CH 4 ) metabolism, and thus, of the population size and activities of methane oxidizing bacteria (MOB). To test the hypothesis that topography, tree species and seasonal variability influence MOB population and soil methane oxidation potential (MOP), we conducted two consecutive years of study selecting three sites in a dry deciduous tropical forest in Chandauli district of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. The qPCR results showed a large variation in MOB population size (copies g −1 dws), ranging from 1.0 × 10 6 to 2.1 × 10 7 and 9.0 × 10 5 to 2.2 × 10 7 during 2016 and 2017 respectively. The distribution of MOB population revealed the trend: hilltop > middle > hillbase with its maxima in the winter and minima in the rainy season. Laboratory incubation study revealed a similar trend in soil MOP (ng CH 4 g −1 h −1 dws), it varied from 10.6 to 20.6 and 10.5 to 20.7 during 2016 and 2017 respectively. The outer canopy soils showed lower MOB population and MOP compared to under canopy soils of tree species Butea monosperma, Madhuca indica and Tectona grandis during both years of study. The topography, season and tree species significantly influenced the MOB population size and MOP. Soil MOP showed a highly significant correlation (r = 0.89; p < 0.01) with MOB population, and a negative correlation was found with soil moisture (r = 0.76; p < 0.01). The results indicate that the dry deciduous tropical forest soils are potential sinks of atmospheric CH 4 wherein, the MOB population characteristically responds to topographical changes, tree species and seasonal shifts driving collectively the overall MOP of forest soils.

Community stigma and desired social distance towards people affected by leprosy in Chandauli District, India

Objective: To collect baseline data on community stigma against leprosy and leprosy-related knowledge and ideas, with a view to develop contextualised community education and stigma reduction interventions. The data will also be used to evaluate subsequent stigma-reducing interventions. Methods: Community members (n = 371) in Chandauli District, India, were interviewed, using a knowledge questionnaire, the EMIC Community Stigma Scale (EMIC-CSS) and Social Distance Scale (SDS). In the latter two scales, a higher sum score indicates a higher level of stigmatizing and negative attitudes of community members towards leprosy-affected people. Linear and quantile regression analyses were applied to explore the relation between (sociodemographic) covariates and the level of negative attitudes. Results: Community members indicated that avoidance of people affected by leprosy, problems with (prospective) marital life, concealment, and shame and embarrassment are present. Linear regression showed that knowing people affected by leprosy and being a government employee significantly increased ones mean EMIC-CSS score, whereas a higher level of education significantly decreased this. Additionally, community members reported a desire to create social distance between people affected by leprosy and their children. Quantile regression showed that increased leprosy-specific knowledge and religion were associated with significantly decreased SDS scores, whilst housewives had significantly increased SDS scores. Knowledge was poorest regarding the transmission and cause of leprosy: only 8.1% and 10.5% knew the correct route of transmission and cause of leprosy. Conclusion: The level of negative attitudes of the community towards leprosy is high in Chandauli District, which may affect many aspects of the lives of people affected by leprosy. Community members knew least about the transmission and cause of leprosy and these domains should, therefore, be considered when designing stigma-decreasing interventions.

Studies on prospects of open and distance learning system for empowerment of farming community in naxal affected areas of Chandauli District, (U.P.) India

A study was carried out in Chandauli district of UP to assess the prospects of ODL system for the empowerment of farming community and improvement of their life with sustainable development of agriculture in naxal affected areas. In fact, Chandauli district is one of the districts among the two hundred and fifty (250) backward rated districts in India. In Chandauli,rice based cropping system prevails. Natural hazards of drought and flood are very common in district which limit the developmentof agriculture. Area of Vindhyan valley including Navgarh belt lies in Chakiya talluka of Chandauli district recognized as naxalaffected area . More than ninety percent (90%) of population depends on agriculture and animal husbandry for their livelihood in this area. Agriculture is nature dependent and traditional, which can be categorized as subsistence farming. More than fifty percent (50%) farming families have a land holding of less than one hectare and have no other option of alternative employment. Approximately forty five percent (45%) families of area belong to SC categories. People of the area face continuous harassment from naxalite and police both. No educational opportunities of higher education except a degree college is available in Chakiya Talluca. Geographical situation of the area and beautiful waterfalls in Naugarh provide immense scope for organic farming of horticultural crop production in the Chandauli district. But due to nuxalite activities and resource poor population in Navgarh block, most of government initiatives become null and vide and development schemes couldn’t reach properly to its beneficiaries. Govt. agencies also found it difficult to transfer technology properly to farming community due to lack of awareness and education in the area like Navgarh. Situations are becoming worse and Chakiya has been left behind in the race of development than the two other Tallucas of Chandauli district. Study reveals that 90.22 percent people are living below poverty line, belongs to rural areas and literacy rate in target area is less than forty nine percent (49%) than the district average of 69.90 percent. Data obtained from the study on GAP analysis between existing and adoption of modern agricultural practices revealed that need base and location. Specific scientific agricultural practices can double the farmers income but due to lack of awareness and no education in farming community, transfer of technology in the area is very poor. In such condition, It was observed that skill development and education may be used as tool for breaking the vicious circle of Unemployment –Poor production-Less job opportunity. As farmers are not able to spare money and time for attending training/classes at any conventional educational/training institutions, Open and Distance learning seems most desirable educational system for remote areas like Naugarh. Areas identified for skill development in the study were 1. Organic production technology of crops 2. Dairy production technology 3. Improved techniques of Fruits and vegetables production 4. Marketing and management of farming inputs 5. Processing and value addition in fruits and vegetables. 6. Trainings on Sericulture, Bee keeping and poultry forming etc. Programmes of School of Agriculture (SOA) and School of Tourism and Hospitality Service anagement (SOTHSM), IGNOU may be suggested as most promising for poverty alleviation &amp; livelihood security with sustainable production to change the quality of life in the area under study as ODL system is observed suited most for the area under study. These are 1.P.G. Diploma in Plantation Management, 2.P.G. Diploma in Food Safety &amp; Quality Management and 3.P.G. Certificate in Agriculture Policy. In case of diploma programmes 4.Diploma in Dairy Technology, 5.Diploma in Value added products from Fruits and Vegetables and 6.Diploma in Production of Value added products from Cereals, Pulses and Oilseeds. 7.Diploma in Fish Production Technology and 8.Diploma in Watershed Management found suitable and job oriented programme for the area, For the development of basic skill for self employment and capacity building 9. Certificate in Organic Farming,10.Certificate in Sericulture, 11.Certificate in Bee keeping, 12.Certificate in Water Harvesting Management, and 13.Diploma and Certificate in tourism studies were assessed very useful far farming community. These programmes are job oriented in nature and important for skill development and generation of self employment in farming communities. Digital Learning Centre may also be recommended to establish in area of Naugarh for these programmes . It may be concluded that agriculture education and skill development through Open &amp; Distance Learning will be most important tool in development of new breeds of entrepreneur, increase employment opportunity and higher earning with better conservation of natural resources in naxal affected area of Chandauli district and it will open a way to get back peoples of Chandauli in main stream of Social Development

A study on replacement rate of paddy (&lt;em&gt;Oryza sativa&lt;/em&gt;) seed in Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh

Paddy is one of the most important stable food crop grown and consumed by the population of Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh. In general, farmers of the district growing paddy under the irrigated condition and farmers were getting lower crop yield due to the non-adoption of improved agronomic practices for paddy production including less seed replacement. The seed replacement of crop can enhance the crop production by 10-20 per cent without any change of other inputs of crop production. Present study was an attempt to find out the seed replacement rate in Chandauli districts of Uttar Pradesh. The standard rate of seed required for paddy is 40-45 kg per hectare depending on the crop variety and location. For the estimation of total paddy demand in Chandauli district, we considered two paddy seed rate i.e. 40 kg (standard seed rate) and 60 kg (as farmers’ point of view) per hectare. Total seed requirement for the paddy under the both seed rate was estimated to be 17352 and 26028 quintal under both seed rate respectively during 2016-17. The gap between standard seed rate (40 kg per hectare) and farmers’ point of view (60 quintal per hectare) was estimated to be 7623 and 16299 quintal respectively during 2016-17.

Isolation, identification, carbon utilization profile and control of Pythium graminicola, the causal agent of chilli damping‐off

AbstractPostemergence damping‐off of chilli caused by Pythium spp. is a common and serious problem in large chilli growing areas of India under the moist conditions that generally prevails during the sowing period. Therefore, in order to better understand this disease, an isolate belonging to the genus Pythium (Pythiales) was isolated from the infected chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) plant root parts collected from the fields of Chandauli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Based on the congruence of cultural, morphological, cardinal growth rate and the sequence data analysis, the isolate was identified as Pythium graminicola. The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS‐rDNA sequences clustered the isolate with representative sequences for P. graminicola from GenBank in the Pythium clade. The isolate carbon utilization profiles were characterized using Biolog FF MicroPlate method. The results revealed that the isolate used a wide range of carbon sources, mainly carbohydrates, but also amino acids, suggesting the use of metabolic routes that include glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Moreover, an in vitro colony growth inhibition assay was performed to determine the influence of chemical (fungicides) and biological (bacteria and fungi) antagonists over the pathogen using the poison plate and dual culture method, respectively. Overall, the results revealed that the presence of aggressive broad range biocontrol agents can be used as an effective environmentally friendly approach for management and control of damping‐off in production systems. The antagonist can serve as a bio‐efficient and eco‐friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides for the development of an effective integrated pest management (IPM) system and obtaining higher yields.

Confusion and Making Sense of Menstruation: A Micro-level Study of Village Khagawal, Chandauli District, Uttar Pradesh

Menstruation is a natural process which has significant and irrevocable changes on a woman’s life. Navigating the entire process is no small feat, and the added confusion in the age of information overload often complicates the situation rather than simplifying it. In India, discourses surrounding menstruation are still restricted to sanitary napkins while overlooking menstrual disorders, understanding and examining the agencies responsible for it. Many a time, ancient pearls of wisdom are being dismissed as taboos without apprehending its deeper sciences which helped women in traversing the entire process since time immemorial. This research is an attempt to view menstruation holistically by giving importance to a woman’s personal experiences and to find out how menstruation is integrated into the local culture. To accomplish the research, we conducted a questionnaire survey amongst 40 females aged 13-49 years and three focus group discussions to explore the coping mechanisms, the grass-root problems the rural girls and women face during menstruation in village Khagawal located in Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh. The findings revealed that rudimentary information concerning menstruation was present amongst the respondents— the respondents are aware of the traditional knowledge and ways but completely ignorant regarding the scientific roots of the practices. Some facets of hygiene need to be addressed.

A study of compliance to DOTS among tuberculosis patients attending a district hospital, Uttar Pradesh

Background: Tuberculosis is an old disease and has deep social impact on the society. It is a re-emergent killer disease with rise in MDR and XDR strains. DOTS strategy under RNTCP has had a substantial impact over the past two decades. Treatment compliance is one of the key factors determining success of TB control program. The objective of this study was to find out the compliance rate with DOTS and factors responsible for non-compliance in the district.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using structured questionnaire in a tuberculosis unit of Chandauli district, Uttar Pradesh. 100 tuberculosis patients aged ≥15 years registered for TB treatment were enrolled in the study.Results: Out of the 100 patients interviewed, majority of patients (95%) complied. The main reasons for non-compliance were improvement in symptoms after initial doses leading to discontinuation of therapy, and side effects of drugs. One of the defaulter migrated, so he could not be traced. Among factors influencing compliance to DOTS most important was strong monitoring.Conclusions: Health education and easy accessibility of healthcare services are required to further improve the compliance of TB treatment. Internet tools and social security schemes can play essential role in increasing awareness and strengthening the monitoring program.

A Study of Socio-economic Status of Swarna SUB1 Rice Variety Growers in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh

A Study of Socio-economic Status of Swarna SUB1 Rice Variety Growers in Chandauli District of Uttar Pradesh

Promotion of long duration rice variety Swarna sub-1 through frontline demonstrations in Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh

Promotion of long duration rice variety Swarna sub-1 through frontline demonstrations in Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh

Diversity and uses of medicinal plants in Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary, Chandauli district, Uttar Pradesh

Diversity and uses of medicinal plants in Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary, Chandauli district, Uttar Pradesh