Chance Of Interaction Research Articles

Labeling of graphene oxide with [131I]AgI and its stability analysis

To explore the new iodine labeling method of nanomaterials, graphene oxide (GO) was labeled by 131I with AgI nanoparticles. As a control, GO was also labeled by 131I with chloramine-T method. The stability of the two 131I labeling materials, viz. [131I]AgI-GO and [131I]I-GO was evaluated. The results show that [131I]AgI-GO is very stable in inorganic environment such as PBS and saline. However, it is not stable enough in serum. The instability of [131I]AgI-GO in serum can be attributed to the higher affinity of Ag to S of thiol group in cysteine than iodine ions and much more chance of interaction between thiol group and [131I]AgI nanoparticles on two-dimensional GO than in three-dimensional nanomaterials.

Social Media Platforms Usage for Learning and Library Services in Selected Higher Learning Institutions in Zanzibar

This study aimed at examining the usage of social media platforms used on learning and library services in Higher Learning Institutions in Zanzibar. The Study specifically focused on five (5) social media platforms at three selected universities located in Zanzibar. The study involved three research questions. The first question was saying about what are the types of social media platforms used on learning and library services for knowledge sharing in SUZA, ZU, and SUMAIT? The second question said what are the uses of social media platforms used on learning and library services for knowledge sharing in SUZA, ZU, and SUMAIT? And the third question said that what are the challenges facing librarians when social media platforms are used on library services for knowledge sharing in SUZA, ZU, and SUMAIT? The methods that were used in the study include both quantitative and qualitative research designs. Questionnaires and interview tools were used for collecting data to the respondents. The combinations of purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were employed on library users through questionnaires and interviews would take with librarians. The result of this study showed that social media platforms are very well known by the respondents and daily used in their studies. Also, social media are effectively used in most academic libraries to support education progress and most of the respondents prefer using social media in their studies because of Sharing knowledge that involves learning, understanding, extending, and repeating the information, ideas, views, and the resources among persons, connected on a specific ground. The result presented that the availability of social media platforms in the academic library has totally changed the image of the library in terms of delivering the services to the users from the librarians who use social media for reference purposes as a result of having a high number of users on using library through knowledge sharing. The result of the study showed that Poor knowledge of managing and using electronic records and Poor support from the management are the great challenges facing libraries in operating social media platforms on learning and library services for knowledge sharing in higher institutions in Zanzibar as a result of failing to reach many audiences. The study concluded that Social media provide more chances for interaction, connection, sharing, and communication with library users in the library. Librarians could use social media to market their services and resources using different platforms.

Merits and demerits of technical shift of biochemistry classes of medical undergraduates from classroom to online teaching in COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey

Background: The ongoing global pandemic due to novel corona virus (SARS-CoV2) has jeopardized our lives from all corners. With the exponential growth of cases, even Medical institutes have curtailed physical classes and shifted to virtual classrooms. The medical graduates have exposure to online education due to vanguard of technology. However, in dwindling of COVID-19 struck economy in a developing country like India, all the medical graduates may not be privileged to have access the android phone or fast-streaming internet. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the impact and impression of online classes among facilitators and students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of biochemistry of Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College after obtaining Institutional Ethical Clearance. The students and faculties who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study were given a questionnaire. The responses were recorded in five-point Likert Scale. Results: Both the medical undergraduates and facilitators had a consensus opinion (0.61 and 0.71, respectively) that simultaneous access to multiple website is merit of e-learning. About 81.5% had a strong consensus opinion that there less chances of interaction with the facilitators. About 66.7% of facilitators either agreed or strongly agreed that there are hurdles to motivate the students in virtual platform. The ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed interaction with facilitators and easy of assessment is important predictors for successful outcome of online education. Conclusion: The study concluded that scope of interaction and self-motivation of the students remains to be cornerstone for the successful outcome of virtual teaching sessions. The outcome of this study may guide to identify lacunae and advantages of online methodologies in comparison to the physical classrooms.

Prevalence of drug-drug interactions for oral anticoagulant drugs in patients with atrial fibrillation and relationship with outcomes: a population-based cohort study

Abstract Introduction The introduction of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) changed the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, promising a better safety profile and a lower chance of interaction with drugs than vitamin K antagoniste (VKA). Aim To evaluate the prevalence of possible drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in a cohort of newly anticoagulated AF patients, their impact on outcomes and possible differences between VKA and NOACs users. Methods We performed an analysis derived from administrative databases in Lombardy Italian region. All patients ≥40 years admitted from 01/06/2013 to 30/06/2018 with an AF diagnosis that were VKA or NOACs new users were included in this analysis. Possible DDIs were evaluated according to the prescription of OAC therapy, on the basis of current available evidence. Stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), any bleeding and all-cause death were the study outcomes. Results Among the 122816 patients included in the analysis, mean (SD) age 76.3 (9.6) with 47.3% females, a mean (SD) CHA2DS2-VASc of 3.5 (1.4) was found. A total of 70180 (57.1%) patients were prescribed with VKA and 52636 (42.9%) with NOACs. A possible DDI was recorded in 63273 (51.5%). Patients exposed to DDIs were older and less likely female (both p<0.0001) and with a higher mean (SD) CHA2DS2-VASc (p<0.0001). Rate of stroke, ICH, any bleeding and all-cause death were higher in those patients exposed to DDIs (all p<0.001). After full adjustment, exposure to possible DDIs was associated with an increased risk for any bleeding (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.12) and all-cause death (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07–1.13), with no differences for stroke and ICH. Comparing VKA and NOACs patients exposed to possible DDIs, we found that VKA users exposed to possible DDIs, after adjustments, were at higher risk for all the outcomes (Table). Conclusions In a large cohort of AF patients newly prescribed with OAC, possible DDIs were largely prevalent, in particular in VKA users. Presence of a possible DDI is associated with an increased risk of any bleeding and all-cause death. VKA users exposed to a possible DDI were at higher risk for any outcome than NOACs users exposed to a possible DDI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Persuasion without polarization? Modelling persuasive argument communication in teams with strong faultlines

Strong demographic faultlines are a potential source of conflict in teams. To study conditions under which faultlines can result in between-group bi-polarization of opinions, a computational model of persuasive argument communication has been proposed. We identify two hitherto overlooked degrees of freedom in how researchers formalized the theory. First, are arguments agents communicate influencing each other’s opinions explicitly or implicitly represented in the model? Second, does similarity between agents increase chances of interaction or the persuasiveness of others’ arguments? Here we examine these degrees of freedom in order to assess their effect on the model’s predictions. We find that both degrees of freedom matter: in a team with strong demographic faultline, the model predicts more between-group bi-polarization when (1) arguments are represented explicitly, and (2) when homophily is modelled such that the interaction between similar agents are more likely (instead of more persuasive).

Surface-functionalized 3D porous rGO-polysaccharide sphere composites for rapid selective protein adsorption from crude biological liquid

A novel protein adsorbent was developed by the surface modification of porous rGO-polysaccharide sphere composites with Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250 (CBB-G250). The advanced protein adsorbent combined selectively with proteins from crude bacteria lysate within 10 min, while deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was not adsorbed. Thus, protein and DNA in complicated biological samples were separated very quickly and easily during mild mixing treatment with the surface-functionalized rGO-polysaccharide sphere composites. The rGO in the porous sphere composites plays a key role as a linker in the adsorption of CBB-G250 on the composites and makes the CBB-G250 dye bind protein selectively from crude samples. It was confirmed that selective protein adsorption was only possible when the CBB-G250 dye had a chance of interaction with rGO. In addition, the CBB-G250-functionalized rGO-polysaccharide sphere composites could capture whole pathogens because of binding to the surface proteins of the pathogens. Therefore, the surface-functionalized rGO-polysaccharide sphere composites are good candidates for application in simple and efficient methods for the separation and purification of DNA in crude pathogen lysate and for the removal of whole pathogens by selective binding with proteins in the area of rapid pathogen detection and diagnosis.

On A Hypothetical Mechanism of Interstellar Life Transfer Trough Nomadic Objects

Lethal radiation, low vacuum pressure and low temperatures – this is how space welcomes organisms. Crossing of immense interstellar distances inflates the exposure time of biological material to harmful space conditions. This paper discusses the intriguing possibility of a life-bearing exoplanet being ejected from its planetary system and carrying life across interstellar distances (nomadic = free floating = rogue planet). The proposed interstellar panspermia mechanism reduces the exposure time to space conditions and provides multiple chances for interactions between microbes-bearing rock debris and exoplanets within system the nomadic object encountered on its way. The testing strategy is outlined and discussed in the paper, including testable predictions the proposed hypothesis makes.

Lorentz Force Evolution Reveals the Energy Build-up Processes during Recurrent Eruptive Solar Flares

Abstract The energy release and build-up processes in the solar corona have significant implications in particular for the case of large recurrent flares, which pose challenging questions about the conditions that lead to the episodic energy release processes. It is not yet clear whether these events occur due to the continuous supply of free magnetic energy to the solar corona or because not all of the available free magnetic energy is released during a single major flaring event. In order to address this question, we report on the evolution of photospheric magnetic field and the associated net Lorentz force changes in ARs 11261 and 11283, each of which gave rise to recurrent eruptive M- and X-class flares. Our study reveals that after the abrupt downward changes during each flare, the net Lorentz force increases by (2–5) × 1022 dyne in between the successive flares. This distinct rebuild-up of net Lorentz forces is the first observational evidence found in the evolution of any nonpotential parameter of solar active regions (ARs), which suggests that new energy was supplied to the ARs in order to produce the recurrent large flares. The rebuild-up of magnetic free energy of the ARs is further confirmed by the observations of continuous shearing motion of moving magnetic features of opposite polarities near the polarity inversion line. The evolutionary pattern of the net Lorentz force changes reported in this study has significant implications, in particular, for the forecasting of recurrent large eruptive flares from the same AR and hence the chances of interaction between the associated CMEs.

Interaction Studies between Sitagliptin Phosphate and Atorvastatin Calcium in Streptozotocin Induced Chronic Type II Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model

Diabetes Mellitus describes a metabolic disorder which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion. Various combination therapies are used to treat metabolic syndrome and includes an antidiabetic drug to control the blood glucose levels, anti-hyperlipidemic drug to control cholesterol and lipid levels. In this study interaction between Sitagliptin phosphate, drug from antidiabetic class i.e. dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor and Atorvastatin calcium other from antihyperlipidemic class i.e. HMG-COA reductase inhibitor was evaluated in Streptozotocin and High-fat diet induced type II diabetic rat model. The combination was selected since Sitagliptin phosphate and Atorvastatin Calcium share a common metabolizing enzyme, CYP3A4, there might be chances of interaction taking place due to the co-administration of the same. Bioanalytical method was developed and validated according to ICH guidelines for evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters. Pharmacodynamic parameters such as Serum glucose, Serum cholesterol, Serum triglyceride levels and other related tests were performed to evaluate interaction at pharmacodynamic level. Results suggest that, at pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic level, this combination treatment can have good application in managing blood glucose level and lipid level as well. Being not affected by the CYP450 metabolisms as when correlated with plasma levels at their particular half-life, we suggest that Sitagliptin phosphate and atorvastatin calcium on simultaneous administration will not lead to cause any toxic effect..

The Precarious Conditions: Anthropocene and Transformed Human Nonhuman Relations

This paper discusses the transformed human (fishermen) and nonhuman (dogs) relations; dogs being the most feared animal in past to dogs as companion species today at Manchar Lake. The Lake is one of the oldest and largest freshwater lakes of South Asia, located in Sindh Pakistan, and is degrading for last more than two decades due to a development project called Right Bank Outfall Drain (RBOD), which drains industrial, agricultural, and domestic affluent in the lake. In past, when lake was flourishing, fishermen had very few occasions to come on land hence very few chances of interaction with dogs; they would run back to boathouses if ever come in contact with dogs. Now, living on banks, they need dogs as their companion, to protect domesticated animals from other dogs, jackals and tomcats who roam around and runaway in eastern mountains after killing a goat, hen or domesticated waterfowls. This transformed relations shed light on how human life is entangled with other species that they need help of nonhuman Other for survival. This paper is result of ethnographic fieldwork conducted during June 2015 to March 2017 with fishermen community of Manchar Lake.

Effect of Class Attendance on Medical Student's Academic Performance - An Observational Study

This cross sectional study was conducted at Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Dhaka from October 2015 to September 2016. A total of 475 students belonged to four different phase groups were selected as research sample. Research Data regarding academic results and class attendance was collected from records of training section of the college and different departments. A pre tested semi structured questionnaire was distributed to the students to get their opinion regarding attendance and absence in the classes. Data was analyzed in terms of percentage and Chi- Square test using SPSS- 20 version of software. Male and female student ratio in this study was 168(35.36%): 307(64.64%). Majority of male students 142(84.52%) and female 282(91.86 %) obtained eligibility level of attendance. Considering item examinations 139(97.88%) male and 269(95.39%) female students completed the items in due time. Among students with good attendance male 133 (93.66%) and female 269(95.39%) passed the Term final exams regularly. In Professional examinations 128(90.14%) male and 261(92.55%) female students with better attendance passed at first chance. Statistically result by Chi-Square test showed significant result. Considering reasons for presence in the class 475(100%) students said it is a requirement for qualification to sit for professional MBBS examinations, 472(99.37%) attended to get clear idea about topic of discussion, 471(99.16%) opted for getting chance for interaction with class teacher, 468(98.53%) gave opinion about getting suggestions and important questions for examination, 412(86.74%) found the topic interesting and 67(14.11%) attended class for avoiding fine for absence. Regarding absence in the class 54(11.37%) was sick, 51(10.74%) found the class boring, 44(9.26%) felt the topic boring, 41(8.63%) was busy otherwise, 37(7.79%) thought they could get notes from friends, 22(4.63%) was on leave and 17(3.58%) thought they could pass subject without attending the classes. Students with regular attendance in class generally have positive effect since they get benefit from having better examination results, higher self concept, higher standardized test scores and educational attainment.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2017;12(2): 58-63

Investigations on bending-torsional vibrations of rotor during rotor-stator rub using Lagrange multiplier method

The ever-increasing need of highly efficient rotating machinery causes reduction in the clearance between rotating and non-rotating parts and increase in the chances of interaction between these parts. The rotor-stator contact, known as rub, has always been recognized as one of the potential causes of rotor system malfunctions and a source of secondary failures. It is one of few causes that influence both lateral and torsional vibrations. In this paper, the rotor stator interaction phenomenon is investigated in the finite element framework using Lagrange multiplier based contact mechanics approach. The stator is modelled as a beam that can respond to axial penetration and lateral friction force during the contact with the rotor. It ensures dynamic stator contact boundary and more realistic contact conditions in contrast to most of the earlier approaches. The rotor bending-torsional mode coupling during contact is considered and the vibration response in bending and torsion are analysed. The effect of parameters such as clearance, friction coefficient and stator stiffness are studied at various operating speeds and it has been found that certain parameter values generate peculiar rub related features. Presence of sub-harmonics in the lateral vibration frequency spectra are prominently observed when the rotor operates near the integer multiple of its lateral critical speed. The spectrum cascade of torsional vibration shows the presence of bending critical speed along with the larger amplitudes of frequencies close to torsional natural frequency of the rotor. When m×1nX frequency component of rotational frequency comes closer to the torsional natural frequency, stronger torsional vibration amplitude is noticed in the spectrum cascade. The combined information from the stator vibration and rotor lateral-torsional vibration spectral features is proposed for robust rub identification.

Successful L3 learning in a study abroad context: a personal narrative

ABSTRACTStudying abroad may seem like an unparalleled opportunity to learn a foreign language. Massive exposure to the language, chances for interaction with native speakers, and cultural immersion appear to create excellent conditions for language learning. Yet, most available research indicates that study abroad (SA) participants rarely achieve linguistic success. By way of contrast, the aim of the study reported below is to investigate an example of accomplishment in language learning abroad. The participant of the study is a Polish third-year student of English studies who took part in a semester-long SA programme (Erasmus+) in Turkey. The instrument used in the study is her personal narrative, specifically her language learning history which was analysed with the use of a grounded theory approach. The results of the study provide insights into which and how motivations, personality traits, and SA contexts interact resulting in successful L3 learning.

Operon Gene Order Is Optimized for Ordered Protein Complex Assembly.

SummaryThe assembly of heteromeric protein complexes is an inherently stochastic process in which multiple genes are expressed separately into proteins, which must then somehow find each other within the cell. Here, we considered one of the ways by which prokaryotic organisms have attempted to maximize the efficiency of protein complex assembly: the organization of subunit-encoding genes into operons. Using structure-based assembly predictions, we show that operon gene order has been optimized to match the order in which protein subunits assemble. Exceptions to this are almost entirely highly expressed proteins for which assembly is less stochastic and for which precisely ordered translation offers less benefit. Overall, these results show that ordered protein complex assembly pathways are of significant biological importance and represent a major evolutionary constraint on operon gene organization.

We work with them? Healthcare workers interpretation of organizational relations mined from electronic health records

ObjectiveModels of healthcare organizations (HCOs) are often defined up front by a select few administrative officials and managers. However, given the size and complexity of modern healthcare systems, this practice does not scale easily. The goal of this work is to investigate the extent to which organizational relationships can be automatically learned from utilization patterns of electronic health record (EHR) systems. MethodWe designed an online survey to solicit the perspectives of employees of a large academic medical center. We surveyed employees from two administrative areas: (1) Coding & Charge Entry and (2) Medical Information Services and two clinical areas: (3) Anesthesiology and (4) Psychiatry. To test our hypotheses we selected two administrative units that have work-related responsibilities with electronic records; however, for the clinical areas we selected two disciplines with very different patient responsibilities and whose accesses and people who accessed were similar. We provided each group of employees with questions regarding the chance of interaction between areas in the medical center in the form of association rules (e.g., Given someone from Coding & Charge Entry accessed a patient's record, what is the chance that someone from Medical Information Services access the same record?). We compared the respondent predictions with the rules learned from actual EHR utilization using linear-mixed effects regression models. ResultsThe findings from our survey confirm that medical center employees can distinguish between association rules of high and non-high likelihood when their own area is involved. Moreover, they can make such distinctions between for any HCO area in this survey. It was further observed that, with respect to highly likely interactions, respondents from certain areas were significantly better than other respondents at making such distinctions and certain areas’ associations were more distinguishable than others. ConclusionsThese results illustrate that EHR utilization patterns may be consistent with the expectations of HCO employees. Our findings show that certain areas in the HCO are easier than others for employees to assess, which suggests that automated learning strategies may yield more accurate models of healthcare organizations than those based on the perspectives of a select few individuals.

In vitro Interaction of Nandrolone with Calcium Nitrate, Magnesium Sulfate and Potassium Permanganate in Aqueous Medium

Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid drug that increases production and urinary excretion of erythropoietin. The drug is indicated with calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and potassium permanganate as concomitant uses. Therefore, there is a chance of interactions during concomitant use. Hence, we evaluated the interactions monitored by UV, conductometric titration and Ardon's spectrophotometric methods of nandrolone with calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and potassium permanganate at the ratio of 1: 1 at different pHs. It was found that nandrolone did not form any stable complexes at the ratio of 1:1 with the above mentioned salts. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i2.14554 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(2): 93-99, 2012 (December)

Diastolic dysfunction and arterial stiffness: the chicken or the egg

Diastolic dysfunction and arterial stiffness: the chicken or the egg

Porous Nanostructured Metals for Electrocatalysis

AbstractNanoporous metals have been used to enhance electrocatalysis. The origin of their capability is understood on the basis of enlarged surface area. On the other hand, the nanoconfined space of nanoporous metals can significantly affect the electrochemical efficiency. Moreover, molecular dynamics in nanoconfined spaces is capable of offering much more chances of interaction between a redox molecule and a metal surface. These unique properties come from simply nanoporous structure and suggest new opportunity to innovative electrocatalysts in the future. This review addresses recent advances in the field of nanoporous metals and discusses respective important electrocatalytic applications.

Electrochemistry at nanoporous interfaces: new opportunity for electrocatalysis

Physical and electrochemical features of nanoporous electrodes arising from their morphology are presented in this perspective. Although nanoporous electrodes have been used to enhance electrocatalysis for several decades, the origin of their capability was understood on the basis of enlarged surface area or crystalline facet. However, considerable attention should be paid to the fact that nano-confined space of nanoporous electrodes can significantly affect electrochemical efficiency. Molecular dynamics in nano-confined spaces is capable of offering much more chances of interaction between a redox molecule and an electrode surface. The mass transport in the nanoporous electrode depends on various pore characteristics such as size, shape, charge, connectivity, and symmetry as well as molecular properties such as size, charge, and kinetics. Moreover, when the pore size is comparable to the thickness of an electric double layer (EDL), the EDLs overlap in the porous structure so that electrochemically effective surface area is not the same as that of the real electrode surface. These unique properties come from simply nanoporous structure and suggest new opportunity to innovative electrocatalysts in the future.

Melamine and its Effect on Coagulation System

A recent emerging health problem is the tainted milk from China. The contamination of melamine in milk was reported to relate to death of several infants exposed to the problematic product [1]. The renal pathology is the main manifestation in intoxicated case. Here, the author focuses the interest on the effect of melamine on coagulation system. First, biochemically, it is well accepted that melamine can affect the coagulation system. Although there is no direct evidence that melamine can deteriorate the vascular structure or coagulation factor, suppressive to the blood platelet aggregation can be seen [2]. Second, the melamine can be directly absorbed into blood stream before passed to the nephron for excreted out. There is a chance for interaction between melamine and platelet in the blood stream. This might lead to the conclusion that melamine might cause the bleeding problem due to disturbance on coagulation system. However, this must be the dose related phenomenon. Only cases with large dose exposure can present the symptoms. This hypothesis might be a good explanation for observation on hematuria in exposed case that has no renal glomerular pathology or urolithiasis [3].