Chance Visit Research Articles

Project Titli – product development for women at the bottom of the pyramid

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: Understand the concept and characteristics of Bottom of Pyramid (BoP) markets; understand the concept and characteristics of frugal innovations; understand the Design Thinking approach to product design and how it might be useful to develop frugal innovations for BoP markets. Case overview/Synopsis The case details the journey of a group of students at a premier engineering college in India. The group aimed to develop and implement a social innovation that addressed a serious and important health issue – menstrual hygiene practices among urban slum dwellers in India. The case begins with how a chance visit to an NGO inspired a pair of students to take up this issue, how the project unfolded at their college, the challenges faced in their journey and, finally, an outcome that was only a partial success. It raises important questions of challenges that are specific to bottom of pyramid markets in emerging economies. The case can provide a context for discussions on approaching frugal innovations from a Design Thinking perspective. Complexity academic level This case can be used in social innovation courses/modules at an undergraduate or graduate level in social innovation and social entrepreneurship courses. The case is best positioned towards the beginning of the course as an overview of the process of Social Innovation, and to discuss the relevance of concepts of BoP markets and frugal innovation. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 7: Management Science.

A Timeless Journey: Reflections on the Crafts Heritage of Pakistan

Despite an immensely rich craft legacy that stretches back more than 7,000 years, Pakistan is losing many of its precious craft traditions to the modern world. As an artist, designer and educator, Noorjehan Bilgrami has spent the best part of five decades working with craftsmen in an effort to document, revive and sustain these traditions. The journey that began with a chance visit to an old block-printing workshop in her home town Karachi in the 1970s has since taken many turns. This article is a personal reflection of her experiences, including building local and international markets for Pakistani crafts, teaming up with a group of visionaries to establish one of Pakistan’s leading art and architecture schools and her interventions in public spaces. Her reflections provide an insight into the challenges and opportunities of championing Pakistan’s craft traditions and the urgent need to support them on a national scale.

From academia to freelance curator.

A chance visit to the Science Museum in London brought Emily Scott-Dearing into science communication. A chance visit to the Science Museum in London brought Emily Scott-Dearing into science communication.

Feasts of Fury by Eric Colossal (review)

Reviewed by: Feasts of Fury by Eric Colossal April Spisak Colossal, Eric Feasts of Fury; written and illus. by Eric Colossal. Amulet, 2016 [128p] (Rutabaga the Adventure Chef) Trade ed. ISBN 978-1-4197-1658-4 $16.95 Paper ed. ISBN 978-1-4197-1659-1 $9.95 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 3-5 Rutabaga (a human) and Pot (an animate pot) return for another round of ridiculous adventures following their first outing in Rutabaga the Adventure Chef (BCCB 5/15) and travel the seemingly endless land of Colossal’s creation, seeking new ingredients and hoping to share amazing food with all they meet. Pot is absurdly personable, given that he is a cauldron with no facial features, and he gets more of a role in this graphic novel than in the earlier one, sharing adventures while also serving as cooking vessel, beloved companion, and hero. Rutabaga, all bluster and enthusiasm, is equally endearing, resulting in a duo one can’t help but root for, especially when they face dangerous gubblins who can’t be defeated by brawn but might be outmatched when it comes to brains. Lively illustrations (which will be in color in the bound book), liberal use of exclamation points and font changes to emphasize exaggerated points, and manga-style facial expressions keep things pitched at high drama, as Rutabaga seems to react to deathly encounters and minor disappointments with equal amounts of surprise. As with the earlier novel, there are several actual recipes throughout that foodie kids can try, with three specifically featured at the end that would be appropriate even for young cooks. While there isn’t a lot new added to this second encounter, fans will still enjoy the chance visit again with Ru and Pot. [End Page 409] Copyright © 2016 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Narrative Maps, Collective Memory, and Identities: Through an Ethnographic Example from the Southeast Aegean

Geography and the cognitive sciences provide much reference to the effect that maps are, in addition to tools for orienting oneself in space, special cognitive tools with which man stores and memorizes information. At the same time, as it has been demonstrated through the Greek paradigm among others, in traditional culture is the place, the specific place associated with certain memories and representations; is the experience of space (Kyriakidou-Nestoros 16) in conformity with a general phenomenological concept that was formerly postulated by M. Heidegger in his argument that spaces receive their being from locations and not from 'space' (Heidegger 152; cf. Basso 106).What interests me is how this experience permeates collectivity through narratives and how it ultimately, and largely, mediates the community's values in terms of a system. Here the concept of acquires the meaning of a representation of imprints on space-which means that we could talk about narrative maps, by way of introducing a new term. Although the term has been recently used in other contexts as well, I need to stress that I perceive it as a complex cognitive function for memorizing and mapping through bodily transfers and collective memory. At the other end, to what extent is a community able to preserve collective memory with its maps spontaneously, without imposing realms of memory? (see Nora). This paper thus links two distinct representational practices, maps and narratives, which are quite common and self-explanatory in their daily uses.The island and the community of reference for this connection is Lipsi, where long fieldwork enabled me to understand the local cosmology and conceive, through this ethnographic example, the concept of the narrative map as a mental mechanism for preserving collective memory and appropriating on an island whose inhabitants experience it-even nowadays, to a large extent-as a universe, inferring this way their worldview from their islanders' identity and homeland.2The project began in the summer of 2001, while I was still a research associate with the Academy of Athens, after a chance visit in the summer of 2000. What captivated my attention from the very first moment was the dominant representation in the island's life, which I initially saw as a direction on a road sign, and as a toponym through the opening ramp of the ship that took me to the island for the first time: Panaghia tou Charou (Holy Virgin of Charon).3 A working hypothesis had just taken form in my mind, if only as an outline. The fieldwork started one year later, with institutional support from the Hellenic Folklore Research Centre and a mission to collect folklore material, that is, everything. This gave me the possibility to introduce myself to the community, to gain contact with a relevant number of informants, and to register thick data, from the material culture to the wealth of the island that was always my main focus (see Papachristophorou, Myth, Representation, and Identity and MvS-oc, Aarpsia, Tavrer^rec).In the anthropological context of a system, the representations I perceived on various occasions were obviously interlinked through a dominant worldview and, certainly, cosmology. As I was recording folklore material I was also getting familiar with, and finally started to share, the small community's life;4 through an increasingly participant observation, I gradually grasped its logic through a coherent system of collective representations. The project was finally completed in the summer of 2014, when I was awarded an honorary citizenship of the island and after two books and a considerable body of papers on it had been published.The written testimonies on Lipsi were very few when I undertook my own research, while the levels of semiliteracy still remain high: the island's secondary education schools did not begin to operate until the mid-1980s (see Papachristophorou, Myth, Representation, and Identity 10). …

Darwin’s earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrilacea) with review of cosmopolitan Metaphire peguana–species group from Philippines

A chance visit to Darwin allowed inspection of and addition to Northern Territory (NT) Museum's earthworm collection. Native Diplotrema zicsii sp. nov. from Alligator River, Kakadu NP is described. Town samples were dominated by cosmopolitan exotic Metaphire bahli (Gates, 1945) herein keyed and compared morpho-molecularly with M. peguana (Rosa, 1890) requiring revision of allied species including Filipino Pheretima philippina (Rosa, 1891), P. p. lipa and P. p. victorias sub-spp. nov. A new P. philippina-group now replaces the dubia-group of Sims & Easton, 1972 and Amynthas carinensis (Rosa, 1890) further replaces their sieboldi-group. Lumbricid Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) and Glossoscolecid Pontoscolex corethrurus (Muller, 1857) are confirmed introductions to the NT. mtDNA barcodes newly include Metaphire houlleti (Perrier, 1872) and Polypheretima elongata (Perrier, 1872) spp.-complexes from the Philippines. Pithemera philippinensis James & Hong, 2004 and Pi. glandis Hong & James, 2011 are new synonyms of Pi. bicincta (Perrier, 1875) that is common in Luzon. Vietnamese homonym Pheretima thaii Nguyen, 2011 (non P. thaii Hong & James, 2011) is replaced with Pheretima baii nom. nov. Two new Filipino taxa are also described: Pleionogaster adya sp. nov. from southern Luzon and Pl. miagao sp. nov. from western Visayas.

Joseph Bryan Nelson (1932-2015)

Joseph Bryan Nelson (1932-2015)

Clinical features, presenting symptoms, and surgical results of congenital cholesteatoma based on Potsic's staging system

Conclusions: Potsic's staging system is a clinically useful procedure for evaluating the extent of congenital cholesteatoma (CC). Objectives: We investigated the clinical features, presenting symptoms, and surgical results of CC according to Potsic's staging system. Methods: A total of 71 patients who had undergone surgery at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed for presenting symptoms, the location of cholesteatoma, and surgical results according to Potsic's staging system. Results: Of the 71 patients, 21 were classified as Potsic stage I, 9 as stage II, 31 as stage III, and 10 as stage IV. More than half of the patients with early-stage CC (stages I and II) were diagnosed asymptomatically by a chance visit to a clinic or on ear screening. Others were diagnosed following a complaint of hearing loss, acute otitis media, or otitis media with effusion. The location of CC varied somewhat by stage. In stage I CC, the most frequent location was behind the anterior-superior quadrant of the tympanic membrane; however, in stage III CC, it was behind the posterior-superior quadrant. All patients were treated surgically. Recurrence was detected in 2 of the 71 patients (2.8%); both had stage II CC. Recurrent lesions were removed during revision surgery.

Sir Watkin Williams Wynn and the Rutgers Handel Collection

A chance visit in January, 1991, to the National Museum of Wales in Cardiff drew my attention to a portrait in their collection of the young Sir Watkin Williams Wynn( 1749-89) painted on a visit he made to Italy in 1768. (Pl. 1) had previously encountered his name as that of an enthusiast and collector of art and music, particularly music by Handel, some of which had found its way into Special Collections and Archives of the Rutgers University Libraries in New Brunswick, New Jersey. That visit has led me to the present attempt to explore Sir Watkins relationship to art and music, and especially to Handel and the Handel collection at Rutgers. In the December 1965 issue of this Journal described a collection of prints and manuscripts of music by George Frideric Handel housed in Special Collections and Archives of the Alexander Library of Rutgers in New Brunswick. It was explained there that part of the collection was acquired by Rutgers around 1950 as a result of a purchase by the Dana Library of Rutgers in Newark that had been recommended by Professor Alfred Mann, a distinguished Handel scholar, now emeritus. Some time after this purchase, which included eleven manuscript volumes described in my article cited above, the materials were transferred to Special Collections in New Brunswick. At that time the provenance of the Handel manuscripts was largely a mystery, although it is clear that they were once part of a single collection, being uniformly bound in leather and numbered consecutively from to IX, lacking vol. IV but including an Appendix Vol. I and two unnumbered volumes. All the numbered volumes are devoted to Anthems, while the unnumbered ones contain An Ode for Queen Anne's Birthday and Italian Duettos and Trios? Since the publication of my article, the collection, and particularly the manuscripts, have been cited in the relevant literature, including studies by Larsen, Dean, and Beeks, the Handel thematic catalogue by Baselt, and the edition of Anthems in the Hallische HandelAusgabe.

THE FIRST DIRECT HUMAN BLOOD TRANSFUSION

GEORGE W. CRILE is best known as the father of physiological surgery in the United States, a pioneer surgeon, an innovator and inventor, a founding member of the American College of Surgeons, and the principal founder of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. However, Crile's legacy of performing the first direct blood transfusion in humans has been all but forgotten, even though the results were published in the leading scientific journals of the day. Crile's lifelong interest in the treatment of surgical shock led to his interest in blood transfusion. A chance visit to the laboratory of Alexis Carrel in 1902 resulted in Crile perfecting his technique for direct blood transfusion. He subsequently modified Carrel's anastomosis technique to administer a faster transfusion, investigated the use of blood transfusions in various clinical settings, and went on to introduce the concept and technique of blood transfusion to soldiers during World War I. In this report, we trace his long-time interest in blood transfusion and document the events that led to the first successful blood transfusion performed between 2 brothers on August 6, 1906, at St. Alexis Hospital, Cleveland, OH.

The Use of Cross-National Comparisons for Local Education Policy

Cross-national education survey research was firstjust an experiment, born out of a chance visit of Torsten Husen from the University of Stockholm to the Comparative Education Center at the University of Chicago in the mid 1950s. There Husen met C. Arnold Anderson, Mary Jean Bowman, and Ben Bloom, whose view was that the whole world should be seen as a single educational laboratory. From this meeting emerged the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), which, for diplomatic purposes, was managed from Sweden. First results appeared in 1964. Since then there have been 33 cross-national studies, 29 of which have been associated with IEA (Table 1). From the beginning, a myriad of problems emerged-the logistics of managing such a massive enterprise, the complexities of agreeing on common definitions, methodologies, sampling, and data management. These problems have been the focus of a great deal of official and unofficial assessments of the state of the art (Olkin & Searls, 1985; Horvitz, 1992; Medrich & Griffith, 1992; Goldstein, 1995; Postlethwaite, 1999; Linn, 2002; Chromy, 2002; Buchmann, 2002; Floden, 2002; Smith, 2002; Rowen, 2002), and these assessments have helped generate a number of significant improvements in the standards expected for cross-national surveys (National Research Council, 1985, 1990, 1995, 1999; Martin, Rust, & Adams, 1999). In spite of this progress, doubts and skepticism remain (Rotberg, 1990) and these have generated carefully constructed replies (Bradburn et al., 1991). Reviews of cross-national policy implications have focused attention on better understanding of the generalizations associated with the influences on academic achievement. One of the most persistent generalizations has been that the influence of the home has been greater than the influence of the school itself (Coleman et al., 1966). Heyneman and Loxley, however, found that the degree of this influence varied across nations, and that the lower a nation's gross domestic product (GDP), the more influence the school seemed to have (Heyneman & Loxley, 1983). This finding has been

Comment

Cross-national education survey research was first just an experiment, born by a chance visit of Torsten Husen from the University of Stockholm to the Comparative Education Center at the University of Chicago in the mid-1950s. There, Husen met C. Arnold Anderson, Mary Jean Bowman, and Benjamin Bloom, whose view was that the whole world should be seen as a single educational laboratory. From this meeting emerged the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), which, for diplomatic reasons, was managed from Sweden. First results appeared in 1964. Since then, thirty-three cross-national studies have been conducted, twenty-nine of which were associated with IEA.

Security and water on the Eastern Desert roads: the prefect Iulius Ursus and the construction of praesidia under Vespasian

During recent years several teams have surveyed and excavated along the roads between Coptos in the Nile Valley and the Red Sea. This article is the result of co-operation between two of them, namely the Dutch-American team working in Berenike since 1994 and the French team that has excavated stations on the Coptos–Myos Hormos road between 1994 and 1997 and later at Didymoi in the N end of the Coptos–Berenike road. A chance visit to Berenike gave the key to a deeper understanding of the origins and history of the road that leads there from Coptos, because an inscription, that could easily have been understood in a purely local context, was suddenly seen to have at least two rather exact, though almost illegible, parallels at other stations. The three inscriptions are published below, two of them for the first time.Sikayt is one of 10 forts that encircle Berenike from southwest to northwest (see fig. 1). These include: (1) a hill top fort at Shenshef; (2) a large hydreuma in Wadi Kalalat; (3) a small fort in Wadi Kalalat; (4) the fort at Sikayt; (5-9) 5 forts in Wadi Abu Greiya (Vetus Hydreuma); and (10) the small fort in Wadi Lahami. These forts range in date from Ptolemaic to late Roman. Some are only from one period, while others seem to span longer periods.

From bacteria to humans: lessons learned from a reductionist's view of ultraviolet light-induced DNA lesions.

What follows is a personal remembrance of how Dr. Richard Setlow influenced me as a young postdoctoral fellow at Oak Ridge National laboratory between 1963 and 1966. The narrative tries to place my "maturation" as a young, inexperienced scientist in the context of the cultural upheaval caused by the Vietnam war, of a Northerner facing a "culture-shock" living in the South and in a revolution in molecular and radiation biology taking place at Oak Ridge National Laboratory at that time. The unique historic juxtaposition of Dr. Setlow's contribution of the discovery of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in bacterial DNA, being potentially the molecular lesion responsible for cell killing and mutagenesis, occurring as I was at Oak Ridge, and the wonderful working relationship I had with William Carrier, his technician, led to our discovery with James Regan that normal human cells repaired these lesion from their DNA. Amazingly, because of Dr. Setlow's challenge to me about my thoughts of the implications of his findings in bacteria, the chance visit to Oak Ridge National Laboratory by Dr. James Cleaver and my background as a human geneticist provided me the extraordinary opportunity to carry out a collaboration to test if human cancer prone syndromes might be deficient in the repair of these UV-induced DNA lesions. With our finding that the direct demonstration of a lack of repair of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers in cells from the skin cancer prone syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum, opened up a new paradigm for the understanding of the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis of both radiation and chemical carcinogenesis. From this investigator's vantage point in the history of the understanding of carcinogenesis, which has led us to the present point of "oncogenes" and "tumor suppressor genes", the old adage by Newton, "I only saw further because I stood on the shoulder of giants", is so applicable here. Dr. Setlow's shoulders were indeed among those of all of us that have made some small contribution in trying to understand this extremely complex process of human carcinogenesis.

Stravinsky, Hogarth and Bedlam

“Hogarth's Rakes's Progress paintings, which I saw in 1947 on a chance visit to the Chicago Art Institute, immediately suggested a series of operatic scenes to me.” (Stravinsky & Craft, 1960). By 1947 Stravinsky's career, which had started so brilliantly and stormily with the revolutionary Rite of Spring, was almost totally becalmed. Since emigrating from Paris to California in 1940, he had written a couple of untempestuous orchestral pieces, Circus Polka, “composed for a young elephant”, and little else. He was depressed by the lack of originality of his work and was eager to write an opera in English. When he saw the paintings of the Rake's Progress, he seized his opportunity.

A Seaweed Buffet

Research Article| March 01 1991 A Seaweed Buffet Christine D. Maxwell Christine D. Maxwell Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1991) 53 (3): 159–161. https://doi.org/10.2307/4449250 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Christine D. Maxwell; A Seaweed Buffet. The American Biology Teacher 1 March 1991; 53 (3): 159–161. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4449250 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1990 National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Clearing Space: AIDS Theatre in Atlanta

Mike Edwards grew up in a small town knowing he wasn't like the other boys. He felt wrong, isolated. Once, on a trip with his parents, he jammed his face between the seats in the back of the car and prayed God to please not let me be this way, please please please let me change, let me change, and I never would change.' He graduated from high school in 1967, left town, found other gay men, and sort of went crazy. He stabilized, came out, and became an established artist working in clay wall sculpture. In 1984 a friend who had saved him from a college suicide attempt died so quickly from AIDS that Edwards had no chance visit him. He continued his sculpture, trying become a star, a great artist. But in October 1987 he joined thousands of others in Washington for the March for Gay and Lesbian Rights. Looking from the Capitol, as far as he could see,