Chance Of Recurrence Research Articles

Oleanolic acid combined with aspirin plays antitumor roles in colorectal cancer via the Akt/NFκB/IκBα/COX2 pathway

Among the common malignancies, colorectal cancer (CRC) is often resistant to chemotherapy because of drug resistance and severe toxicity. Currently, aspirin is one of the most promising CRC chemopreventive drugs, both for primary prevention and for reducing the chance of recurrence and metastasis following radical surgery in patients with early-stage CRC. Oleanolic acid is a potential antineoplastic drug that has an antagonistic effect on many kinds of tumors. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments were performed to investigate whether OA combined with aspirin can enhance the anticancer effects of aspirin. As indicated by the network pharmacology results, oleanolic acid and aspirin can regulate multiple signaling pathways through multiple target proteins, including NFκB1\\IκBα\\PTGS2\\MAPK3\\PIK3CA. A series of cellular experiments demonstrated for the first time that oleanolic acid synergistically enhances aspirin to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of HCT116 and HT29 cells and induce S-phase arrest by regulating Akt/NFκB/IκBα/COX2 signaling pathway, thus synergistically enhancing the ability of aspirin to promote apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. This study provides a novel approach to the use of fresh medications for the treatment of colorectal cancer and offers a theoretical foundation for the potential creation of aspirin derivatives based on oleanolic acid.

Metabolic issues in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and their impact on MASH recurrence following Liver Transplantation: A narrative review.

Decompensated cirrhosis secondary to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is not only a common indication for liver transplant (LT) but is becoming the leading cause for LT in post-menopausal women in the United States. Given the different complex mechanisms involved in the occurrence of MASH, it is being recognized as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. There are multiple metabolic issues associated with MASH including obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease which need to be addressed in the pre- and post-transplant setting for better patient outcomes. Recurrence of MASH following liver transplant can occur due to many reasons including reversal of the catabolic state seen in cirrhosis, improvement in appetite, and the effect of certain post-LT medications on the graft; however, managing recurrence can be challenging and thus urges addressing these issues prior to transplant, in addition to recognizing, and treating them in the post-transplant setting. In this review, we discuss the various metabolic issues that face patients with MASH, the medical and surgical management options available to improve outcomes and reduce chances of recurrence.

Treatment of Initial Anterior Shoulder Instability in National Hockey League Players: A Survey of NHL Team Physicians.

Managing an in-season anterior shoulder instability poses a special challenge for team physicians, as they need to balance the aim of promptly returning the athlete to play while mitigating the chances of recurrence and further injury to the shoulder. To investigate and report on the treatment preferences of National Hockey League (NHL) team physicians when managing in-season first-time anterior shoulder instability in professional hockey players. Cross-sectional study. A survey consisting of 33 sport-specific questions focused on the treatment options and preferences for anterior shoulder instability in hockey players was developed, and 32 NHL team physicians were invited to anonymously complete the survey. Following the collection of the data, the distribution of the responses to each question was documented as counts and percentages. Of the 32 invited team physicians, 31 (97%) completed all (n = 28) or most (n = 3) of the survey. The mean experience of the respondents was 13 ± 11 years. A total of 28 (90%) respondents would attempt nonoperative treatment of an in-season initial anterior shoulder dislocation with an isolated soft tissue injury, while 28 (90%) would recommend operative treatment of the same injury with bony involvement. Of the 31 respondents, 30 (97%) utilized rehabilitation parameters rather than time from injury when determining whether a player could return to play. Of those parameters, clinical strength (100%), range of motion (87%), anterior apprehension (84%), and pain (65%) were the most utilized. For surgical management of an isolated soft tissue lesion, 28 (90%) of the respondents preferred arthroscopic repair, while 2 (7%) preferred open repair. Of the 32 NHL team physicians surveyed, 28 preferred nonoperative management for the treatment of initial anterior shoulder dislocations with isolated soft tissue injuries, while initial operative management was preferred by the same number of team physicians for any injuries with bony involvement.

Abstract 4138497: Incidence and predictors of recurrent pericarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Pericarditis is the most common cardiac manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the general population, pericarditis commonly recurs (~30%), likely due to immune-mediated mechanisms. Given the broad immune dysregulation that drives the pathogenesis of SLE, we sought to identify the frequency and risk factors for the recurrence of pericarditis in this unique population. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of SLE patients enrolled between 1988 and 2023 at a tertiary medical center. The SELENA revision of the SLE Disease Activity Index was used to define pericarditis, and all follow-up clinical encounters were examined after the first reported episode. Recurrent pericarditis was defined as that occurring at least 6 weeks after the first recorded episode of pericarditis. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value of <0.05, and a pooled logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for risk factors. Results: Of 2931 patients in the cohort, 590 patients had a history of pericarditis. During a median follow-up of 7 years (IQR: 3 – 14), 20% (n=120) of patients experienced recurrent pericarditis (Table 1). The majority (51%) experienced only one recurrence, whereas 49% of patients had ≥2 recurrences. Several demographic, clinical, serologic, and treatment characteristics were associated with recurrence in the univariate analysis (Table 2). We performed a multivariate analysis using variables of statistical significance (P <0.05) and found that independent predictors of recurrence included younger age (≥60 years vs. <40, RR 0.11 (0.04, 0.32), P <.001), treatment with prednisone ( ≥20 vs. 0 mg, RR 1.99 (1.17, 3.40), P = 0.012), active SLE disease (SLEDAI ≥3 vs. 0, RR 1.55 (1.21, 2.00), P <.001), and time from initial episode (3-10 years vs. <1, RR 0.32 (0.20, 0.52), P <.001) (Figure 1). CONCLUSION: Recurrence of pericarditis in SLE is common (20%) and more likely to occur within one year of onset. Younger patients and those with higher lupus activity are at greater risk of recurrence. As in the general population, oral prednisone is independently associated with a higher chance of recurrence in SLE patients, with a dose-dependent effect. These findings set the basis for future studies to define optimal treatment for recurrent pericarditis in SLE patients and indicate that oral corticosteroids should be avoided when treating pericarditis.

Indications for diagnostic whole-body iodine scan: a review of guidelines.

Here, we have compiled all key statements derived from these guidelines and delved into details on which scenarios the diagnostic whole-body iodine scan (DxWBIS) might be useful. We identified all relevant guidelines by searching the MEDLINE/PubMed databases, Google Scholar, and Ovid from 2006 onwards using keywords related to DxWBIS, RxWBIS, iodine scintigraphy, and iodine scan. We excluded case reports/series, original articles, and clinical trials while including guidelines or consensus opinions. Additionally, we reviewed existing literature to ensure no guidelines were overlooked. Overall, 23 relevant guidelines or consensus opinions discussed their views on the role of DxWBIS. Different indications for DxWBIS have been largely discussed in the last few years. However, the role of DxWBIS has been well established after treatment with 131I, with still limited evidence in the other clinical assessments. Most guidelines find DxWBIS appealing for higher-risk patients, particularly those with a chance of recurrence; additional well-designed studies are required to address further indications.

Care of late intrauterine fetal death and stillbirth: Green-top Guideline No. 55.

A combination of mifepristone and a prostaglandin preparation should usually be recommended as the first-line intervention for induction of labour (Grade B). A single 200 milligram dose of mifepristone is appropriate for this indication, followed by: 24+0-24+6 weeks of gestation - 400 micrograms buccal/sublingual/vaginal/oral of misoprostol every 3 hours; 25+0-27+6 weeks of gestation - 200 micrograms buccal/sublingual/vaginal/oral of misoprostol every 4 hours; from 28+0 weeks of gestation - 25-50 micrograms vaginal every 4 hours, or 50-100 micrograms oral every 2 hours [Grade C]. There is insufficient evidence available to recommend a specific regimen of misoprostol for use at more than 28+0 weeks of gestation in women who have had a previous caesarean birth or transmural uterine scar [Grade D]. Women with more than two lower segment caesarean births or atypical scars should be advised that the safety of induction of labour is unknown [Grade D]. Staff should be educated in discussing mode of birth with bereaved parents. Vaginal birth is recommended for most women, but caesarean birth will need to be considered for some [Grade D]. A detailed informed discussion should be undertaken with parents of both physical and psychological aspects of a vaginal birth versus a caesarean birth [Grade C]. Parents should be cared for in an environment that provides adequate safety according to individual clinical circumstance, while meeting their needs to grieve and feel supported in doing so (GPP). Clinical and laboratory tests should be recommended to assess maternal wellbeing (including coagulopathy) and to determine the cause of fetal death, the chance of recurrence and possible means of avoiding future pregnancy complications [GradeD]. Parents should be advised that with full investigation (including postmortem and placental histology) a possible or probable cause can be found in up to three-quarters of late intrauterine fetal deaths [Grade B]. All parents should be offered cytogenetic testing of their baby, which should be performed after written consent is given (GPP). Parents should be advised that postmortem examination can provide information that can sometimes be crucial to the management of future pregnancy [Grade B].

Outcome of Transanal suture haemorrhoidopexy and Stapled haemorrhoidopexy -A prospective observational study

Background: Transanal suture haemorrhoidopexy is the preferred treatment due to its low cost, less post operative complication and decreased chance of recurrence in grade II and grade III Hemorrhoids. Objective: To compare the post-operative outcome of transanal suture haemorrhoidopexy and stapled haemorrhoidopexy in patients with grade II and III haemorrhoids. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College hospital over a period of one-year. Sixty-two patients with haemorrhoids were enrolled in this study according to selection criteria. Data were collected, compiled and tabulated according to key variables. Qualitative data were expressed as frequency with percentage and quantitative data as mean with standard deviation. Quantitative data were analyzed by student’s t-test and qualitative data by Chi-square test. Data were processed and analyzed by using software SPSS 22.0. For all analyses p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Mean age of the patients was 49.38 ± 7.17 years and 52.45 ± 6.17 years in Stapled hemorrhoidopexy and Trans anal suture hemorrhoidopexy group respectively (p>0.05). Males were predominant in both the two groups. In stapled hemorrhoidopexy group, grade of hemorrhoids was II (51.6%) and III (48.4%) whereas in Transanal suture hemorrhoidopexy group, grade of hemorrhoids was II (38.7%) and III (61.3%) (p>0.05). Operative time was lower in Stapled hemorrhoidopexy (26.93 ± 1.59 min) than Transanal suture hemorrhoidopexy (27.74 ± 1.63 min). Per operative bleeding was found more in stapled group. Most of the patients stayed in the hospital only one day in both the two groups. Only four patients in Stapled hemorrhoidopexy group and one patient in Transanal suture hemorrhoidopexy group stayed more than one day. Post-operative pain according to VAS was lower in Stapled hemorrhoidopexy group (1.90 ± 0.54) than Transanal suture hemorrhoidopexy group (2.09 ± 0.30) after 24 hours of the surgery. But there was no significant difference in pain after 7 days of surgery between the two groups. Post-operative complications were more in stapled hemorrhoidopexy than Trans anal suture hemorrhoidopexy, but not statistically significant. Recurrence (bleeding & prolapse) found more in stapled group than suture hemorrhoidopexy group. Treatment cost was significantly lower in trans anal suture hemorrhoidopexy. Conclusion: Based on this study, transanal suture hemorrhoidopexy showed less intra and post-operative hemorrhage, shorter duration of hospital stay, lower post-operative complications, and lower recurrence rate when compared to stapled hemorrhoidopexy. However, these differences were not statistically significant. The only statistically significant difference was in the operative cost, which was in favor of transanal suture hemorrhoidopexy. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2023; 15(1): 45-49

Synovial hemangioma localized in the knee joint and diagnosed in adulthood: MRI findings and surgical treatment

Synovial hemangioma is a rare vascular issue that can lead to persistent knee swelling and bleeding within the joint. It is typically seen in children and young adults but can also affect those in older age groups. Because the symptoms and x-ray results are not specific, it is often diagnosed late. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the best process for identifying and understanding the characteristics of synovial hemangioma. The recommended treatments are surgical removal and partial synovectomy, both of which offer good outcomes and minimal chance of recurrence. We discuss a case of a 48-year-old man with synovial hemangioma in the knee joint. His symptoms included swelling, pain, and restricted movement. His medical history included regular drainage of persistent knee swelling. An MRI highlighted typical features of synovial hemangioma, such as enlarged veins, looped or linear patterns, and greater visibility under gadolinium. He underwent a successful open surgery with partial synovectomy and mass removal. The pathology report confirmed the diagnosis of synovial hemangioma. Post-surgery, the patient had no complications and showed significant symptom reduction and better movement range 6 months later.

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the greater trochanter: evaluation of surgical outcome of 17 cases

Background: Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign, aggressive lesion that occurs in childhood and early adulthood. It usually affects the metaphysis of long bones. The aims of this study were to report clinical and radiological outcome following operative treatment of aneurysmal bone cyst of greater trochanter of femur and asses functional outcome by the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) Rating scale for the lower extremity. Methods: This Quasi-experimental study included 17 patients radiologically and histologically diagnosed as having aneurysmal bone cyst involving the greater trochanter of femur from 2015 to 2022. All cases were curetted, chemical cauterization with 5% phenol done and autogenous cortico-cancellous bone graft were added to fill the osseous defect. The patients were followed-up at 6 weeks and then 3 monthly for 1st year, 6 monthly for 2nd and 3rd year and yearly thereafter. In each follow-up, the recurrence, post-operative complications were documented and MSTS scoring was done. Results: The mean age of the patients were 14.5 years; 9 (53%) were female and 8 (47%) were male. The mean follow-up period for the patients was 3.6 years. There were 3 (18%) recurrences and 2 (11.8%) cases developed superficial surgical site infection. The average MSTS score on final follow-up was 22.6. Conclusion: Aneurysmal bone cyst of the greater trochanter is common in second decade among females. Treatment with extended intralesional curettage, chemical cauterization with 5% phenol and application of autogenous bone graft has less than 18% chance of recurrence. Furthermore, there is acceptable radiological bone graft incorporation and average MSTS score on final follow-up suggest a good functional outcome. BIRDEM Med J 2024; 14(3): 124-130

Ayurvedic Management of Kitibha Kushta

Psoriasis is long lasting, non-contagious autoimmune disease. Characterized by scaly patches on skin with dry and reddish discoloration. In India incidence rate of psoriasis about 2% to 4%, steroids and immunosuppressive drugs are the treatment option in contemporary science. Due to their limitation and high chance of recurrence. Present case report, A 50 years old female patient presented with a 1 month history of itching and whitish scaly patches on the skin diagnosed as Kitibha kushta (psoriasis). The patient was treated with 15 day course of Shamanaushadi, including Tab. Gandakarasayana, Arogyavardini vati, Cap. Guggulu tiktaka ghrita, and Bactimo ointment. Significant improvement was observed within 15 days, with no signs of recurrence. The treatment protocol adopted based on the Ayurvedic principles, targeting the Vatakapha dosha predominance in Kitibhakushta. This case report highlights the effectiveness of Shamanaushadi in managing psoriasis and support further research to explore its potential as a complementary therapy.

An extensive infiltrative diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor in both compartment of the forearm: A case report

Diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumors are relatively rare but second most common tumor effecting the synovial containing tissues. The study aim was to present a case involving a 40-year-old male patient with a complaint of a progressively enlarging swelling on the radial side of right wrist. On local examination, there was a bi-lobed swelling 7×9 and 6×5 cm on the dorsolateral and anterolateral aspect of right wrist respectively. Through Hennery’s modified approach tumor was exposed. It was extending from dorsolateral to anteromedial wrist encasing the flexors, extensor and abductor tendons of thumb and radial neurovascular bundle and adjacent wrist and finger flexors. The tumor surrounding the tendons was carefully removed, and carpal tunnel release was performed to address the tingling sensation. The patient managed was having lobulated diffuse type tumor involving the both flexor and extensor compartment. Better outcome, less morbidity and least chance of recurrence can be expected if the tumor had been operated earlier.

EP165 - It is not just a perianal wart! A rare case of perianal lesion

Abstract Perianal skin lesion is a common presentation with a wide range of differentials, including thrombosed external haemorrhoids, perianal abscess, perianal warts, lipoma and sebaceous cysts. Malignant lesions such as squamous cell carcinoma are uncommon but should be considered. Hereby, we present a diagnostically challenging case of a benign looking perianal lesion that ultimately revealed a rare condition. A 50-year old lady presented with a one-year history of perianal lump accompanied with intermittent pain, fresh bleeding and pus-like discharge. A digital rectal examination revealed a well-demarcated 4mm fleshy skin lesion, 2cm from anal verge at 7 o’clock position without surrounding area of inflammation. No lymph nodes were palpable on both groins. Differentials as mentioned above including an infected granuloma and fistula in-ano were considered. Pelvic MRI revealed a well-demarcated, benign-looking subcutaneous lesion. The lesion was excised under general anaesthesia and interestingly, the histopathology report revealed a diagnosis of Hidradenoma Papilliferum (HP) with no dysplasia or malignancy. Patient recovered well, reassured with the above findings and discharged home. HP is an uncommon, benign tumour that occurs in the anogenital region. It is more prevalent in Caucasian middle-aged females, as illustrated in our case. A definite diagnosis necessitates histopathological examination. The management includes a local excision of the lesion, and it is associated with good prognosis, with low chances of recurrence or malignant transformation. HP, although rare, should be included in the differentials of a perianal lump. A surgical excision or diagnostic biopsy should be performed at minimum.

Breaking Barriers in Fistula Management: The Power of DLPL Laser and Ayurveda Harmony

Background: Anal fistula is a tract between anal canal and perianal skin which often arises from abscesses and can spread in various directions. It becomes complicated if associated with certain comorbidities like Diabetes mellitus. Fourniers gangrene is a complication associated with scrotal fistula. In Ayurveda it is referred to as Bhagandara. The surgical approach aims to be minimally invasive and reduce the chances of recurrence employing techniques such as fistulotomy, Kshar Sutra ligation and laser ablation which has gained popularity for treating fistulas. Case: A 51 year old male patient presented with a swelling in the scrotum along with severe pain at perianal region extending up to base of the scrotum,that was persistent for 5 days, which made sitting and walking difficult for him. Due to recurrent symptoms following surgery for perianal abscess four months prior, he was admitted for treatment.. He was managed and treated of recurrent fistula that originated from scrotal abscess. Discussion: This was Unmargi Bhagandara in which patient faced a challenge as he suffered with diabetes and severe pain. The patient was offered an approach of combining surgical techniques with Ayurvedic principles utilizing specific medications and innovative pain management methods which resulted in significant improvements. Conclusion: The remarkable outcome of this case truly demonstrates the results. It wasn't, about resolving the surgical issue; it also had a positive impact, on the overall wellbeing of the patient. This exemplifies how practicing Ayurveda entails adopting an integrated approach to successfully treat and care for patients.

Unveiling Potential Therapeutic Targets for Breast Cancer Recurrence: Differentially Expressed Genes and Pathways in Post-Surgery Patients

Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including genetic changes and environmental factors, have been reported to contribute to tumor recurrence. However, insufficient information about the significantly dysregulated genes and pathways responsible for cancer recurrence, even after surgical removal of tumors and chemotherapy. The aim of this research is to find out the fundamental genes linked with progression of cancer that may play a critical role in breast cancer recurrence. To achieve this, a microarray dataset of Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array platform was used to identify downregulated and upregulated genes that associated with tumor recurrence in post-surgery patients. The study includes 20 specimen, 10 samples extracted at the time of diagnosis and 10 samples taken 30 minutes post-surgery and chemotherapy. Genes that stand out from the rest in their level of expression were further subjected to subsequent functional enrichment analysis and hub genes identification to pinpoint the key genes associated with recurrence. Results revealed that significantly overexpressed genes were found to be enriched in cancer progression-associated signaling pathways, for example, Wnt pathway and proteoglycans in cancer. Moreover, the identified key hub genes (COL1A1, IGF1, COL1A2, DCN, LUM, MMP2, JUN, CXCL12, THBS2, and LOX) majorly found to play a role in gene expression regulation, dysregulated immune system, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix remodeling thus promoting the development of cancer and increasing the chances of recurrence after surgery and chemotherapy. The findings have uncovered key therapeutic targets associated with tumor recurrence through potential ECM-related genes whose overexpression may significantly contribute to tumorigenesis in breast cancer survivors by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and targeting them may improve the chances of better survival breast cancer patients and increase the quality of life by reducing the chances of recurrence. However, the study is solely bioinformatics-based; therefore, future study will be experimental validations to bring forth these key genes as potential therapeutic targets.

Efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin‑bound paclitaxel compared with solvent‑based paclitaxel in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer: A retrospective study.

The current evidence for the use of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) for adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy is insufficient. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy and toxicity of nab-PTX in comparison with solvent-based paclitaxel (sb-PTX) in postoperative adjuvant breast cancer treatment. A total of 345 patients were included in the study and separated into nab-PTX (n=289) and sb-PTX (n=56) groups based on the type of taxane used in the adjuvant chemotherapy regimen. The study evaluated the baseline characteristics in both groups and the risk factors for postoperative recurrence of mammary cancer. Furthermore, data concerning disease-free survival (DFS) and adverse effects were obtained and analyzed, and group confounding variables were addressed using 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM). Comparisons before PSM revealed significant differences in baseline characteristics including age, underlying disease, lymph node involvement, vascular invasion, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and axillary surgery (P<0.05). Following PSM, there were 90 patients in the nab-PTX group and 56 in the sb-PTX group, with no significant differences in the baseline differences (P>0.05). Before PSM, the 73-month DFS rate was 97.9% in the nab-PTX group compared with 91.1% in the sb-PTX group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups before or after PSM (P=0.15 and P=0.49, respectively). Additionally, Cox regression analysis demonstrated a significantly lower chance of recurrence in patients aged >45 years [hazard ratio (HR), 0.197; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.052-0.753; P=0.018], whereas underlying disease (HR, 5.352; 95% CI, 1.310-21.854; P=0.019) and lymph node infiltration (HR, 8.930; 95% CI, 1.121-71.161; P=0.039) significantly increased the risk of recurrence. Regarding safety, the sb-PTX group had a significantly greater incidence of anaphylaxis, whereas the nab-PTX group had significantly increased rates of anemia and peripheral neuropathy (P<0.05). In summary, the 73-month DFS rate of the nab-PTX cohort exceeded that of the sb-PTX cohort, but no significant difference was detected between them. Underlying disease, lymph node metastasis and an age of ≤45 years are significant predictors of postoperative recurrence of breast cancer.

Subcision with platelet-rich plasma and microneedling versus subcision with saline and micro-needling in posttraumatic scars.

In treating post-traumatic scars, this study compared the safety and effectiveness of combined subcision with saline and microneedling versus combined subcision with platelet-rich plasma and microneedling. Combined subcision with saline and microneedling or combined subcision with platelet-rich plasma and microneedling were used to treat 36 consecutive individuals with post-traumatic scarring. The Modified Manchester score was used to assess texture change, pigmentation, and surface distortion changes. Each change was given a score between 1 and 4. A lower score (range: 3-12) indicates a better result. The mean of the three individual scores was determined. For best outcomes, each patient needed four treatment sessions for each scar, with a one-month follow-up period following the final treatment. The three variables in group B had mean scores of 1.4 ± 0.5, 2 ± 0.8, and 2.2 ± 0.9, respectively, for texture change, pigmentation, and surface distortion. With a mean score of 1.4 ± 0.5, texture change had the best response out of the three variables we evaluated. The investigator determined that the mean improvement score for patients in group B's overall appearance was 5.61 ± 1.19. The study has shown that the combination of subcision with platelet-rich plasma, and microneedling appears to be a promising treatment for posttraumatic scars due to its low risk and high efficacy. Our findings suggest that this is a safe method for treating posttraumatic scars, with few side effects and a low chance of recurrence. 04-2023-300279. NCT06135480.

Smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential or atypical leiomyomas: A long-term evaluation of surgical outcomes and clinicopathological features

ObjectiveThe Primary Objective of this study was to analyse reproductive outcomes in patients with STUMP (Smooth Muscle Tumour of Uncertain Potential) or ALM (Atypical Leiomyoma) who underwent fertility-preserving surgeries. Secondary Objectives were to analyse long-term prognosis for these patients and to study the basic demographic and pathological characteristics of patients with STUMP or ALM. Study Design:This retrospective study was conducted at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences. Cases of STUMP and ALM were retrieved from the hospital medical database between June 2014 and December 2022. Demographic parameters, clinical presentations, pathological features and clinical outcomes were analysed. Categorical variables were expressed in numbers and percentages. Normal distribution data were presented as mean while non-normal distribution was expressed as median and range. ResultsThirty-eight patients were included in the study with a diagnosis of STUMP or ALM in postoperative histology. Seven patients (18.4%) were nulliparous. Myomectomy was performed in 9 (23.6%), while hysterectomy was done in 29 patients (76.3%). Fertility-preserving surgeries were performed on six patients (15.7%). Of these six patients, 4(66.6%) conceived spontaneously and had successful pregnancies. Recurrences were found in 3 patients (7.8%) out of which one had undergone fertility-sparing surgery. All the patients with recurrences had previous history of myomectomies. Morcellation was reportedly done in 2 of these three patients. ConclusionGood reproductive outcomes have been demonstrated in patients diagnosed with STUMP or ALM and desiring fertility. However, these patients should be kept under follow-up care as they are prone for recurrences. Patients who have undergone morcellation mayhave an increased chance of recurrence.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD117 in the Mast Cells of Odontogenic Keratocysts.

Odontogenic lesions contain mast cells (MCs), particularly those with a cystic appearance. Because of their high recurrence rates and aggressive clinical behaviour, odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) require special treatment. A particular kind of protein called cluster of differentiation (CD) 117/ receptor tyrosine kinase (c-KIT) is present on the surface of many cells. Most hematopoietic cells lose their expression of KIT during the differentiation process, with the exception of MCs, which continue to express KIT throughout their lifetime. Using the CD117 immunomarker, this immunohistochemical investigation sought to assess the presence and location of MCs in OKCs and examine the relationship between MC numbers in sporadic, syndromic, and recurrent OKCs. The study comprised 30 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, and a histopathological diagnosis was made from hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections with a thickness of 4-5 µ. Out of 30 specimens, 21 were sporadic, six were recurrent OKCs, and three were syndrome-associated OKCs. CD-117/c-kit rabbit polyclonal primary antibody was used to stain the sections for observing MCs, which were then viewed under a light microscope with a digital camera and a desktop computer with MICAPS software for viewing images. To compare the number of MCs among OKCs, a one-way ANOVA test was used. Our study revealed that a statistically significant increase in MCs has been observed in the subepithelial and deep connective tissue of recurrent OKC (p < 0.05). However, a comparison of the mean MC value among three OKC subtypes did not reveal any statistically significant differences. An increased mast count was observed in the deep connective tissue layer of syndromic OKC under multiple comparisons. Our study concluded that MCs were present in increased numbers both in the superficial and deep connective tissue of recurrent OKCs, indicative of their aggressive clinical behaviour. Increased mean MC counts observed in some of the sporadic cases may be an indicator of their chances of recurrence in the future.

The Recurrence Rate of Colorectal Polyps among Patients with Average Risk of Colorectal Cancer.

CRC is going to be an important issue in Middle East countries. Also, the main parts of this cancer develop from benign adenomas. To understand the recurrence rate of colorectal polyps among average-risk subjects. In a prospective study, the average-risk patients with colorectal adenoma were enrolled in this study based on inclusion criteria. The patients were consulted annually by an expert gastroenterologist. A control colonoscopy was programmed after three years of follow-up. It was not an obligation to follow our program, and each patient could exit the study at any time. The patient who developed one of the exclusion criteria was also withdrawn from the study by the gastroenterologist of this study. 237 patients were enrolled in this study. Of them, 102 patients completed their 3-year follow-up. Among these participants, 62 (60.8%) were male and 40 (39.2%) were female, with a mean age of 57.05 ± 12.87 years. Additionally, 20 (19.6%) subjects had adenomatous polyps at the end of the study. Patients with recurrent colorectal polyps tend to be raised in large ones with a tubulovillous morphology. The polyps were more commonly located in the sigmoid colon, rectum. Furthermore, high-grade dysplasia was recorded in 5 patients. Tubulovillous polyp had higher chance of recurrence than patients with tubular polyp. We believe the colonoscopy screening needs to be set up in regions previously considered low-risk for CRC. Also, it may be valuable to control colonoscopy for less than three years in patients with dysplasia.

Risk Factors for Rectal Cancer Recurrence after Local Excision of T1 Lesions from a Decade-Long Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: Local surgical excision of T1 rectal adenocarcinoma is a well-established approach. Yet, there are still open questions regarding the recurrence rates and its risk factors. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study including all patients who underwent local excision of early rectal cancer with an open or MIS approach and had a T1 lesion from 2010 to 2020 in six academic centers. Data included demographics, preoperative studies, surgical findings, postoperative outcomes, and local and systemic recurrence. A univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for recurrence. Results: Overall, 274 patients underwent local excision of rectal lesions. Of them, 97 (35.4%) patients with a T1 lesion were included in the cohort. The mean age was 69 ± 10.5 years, and 42 (43.3%) were female. The mean distance of the lesions from the anal verge was 7.8 ± 3.2 cm, and the average tumor size was 2.7 ± 1.6 cm. Eighty-two patients (85%) had a full-thickness resection. Eight patients (8%) had postoperative complications. Kikuchi classification of submucosal (SM) involvement was reported in 29 (30%) patients. Twelve patients had SM1, two SM2, and fifteen SM3. Following pathology, 24 patients (24.7%) returned for additional surgery or treatment. The overall recurrence rate was 14.4% (14 patients), with 11 patients having a local recurrence and 6 having a systemic metastatic recurrence, 3 of which had both. The mean time for recurrence was 2.78 ± 2.8 years and the overall mortality rate was 11%. On univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of recurrence vs. non-recurrence groups, the strongest and most significant association and possible risk factors for recurrence were larger lesions (4.3 vs. 2.5 cm, p < 0.001) with an OR of 6.67 (CI-1.82-24.36), especially for tumors larger than 3.5 cm, mucinous histology (14.3% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.004, OR of 14.02, CI-1.13-173.85), and involved margins (41.7% vs. 16.2%, p = 0.003, OR of 9.59, CI-2.14-43.07). The open transanal excision (TAE) approach was also identified as a possible significant risk factor in univariant analysis, while SM3 level penetration showed only a trend. Conclusion: Surgical local excision of T1 rectal malignancy is a safe and viable option. Still, one in four patients received additional treatment. There is an almost 15% chance for recurrence, especially in large tumors, mucinous histology, or involved margin cases. These high-risk patients might warrant additional intervention and stricter surveillance protocols.