Challenges Of Tourism Development Research Articles

Using social exchange theory to predict residents’ perspective on factors influencing tourism development in Pokhara

<p>Tourism development involves sustainably creating and managing destinations, products, and services that balance economic, social, and environmental factors while meeting visitor and local community expectations. The purpose of this study is to understand the local people’s perception of tourism development in Pokhara, Nepal. An explanatory research design is used to show the cause-and-effect relationship between variables. The research was conducted using Social Exchange Theory (SET). The data was examined using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The sample size was determined to be 403 using non- probability sampling. Structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data using KOBO toolbox. Furthermore, Structure Equation Model (SEM) was as the analytical approach to process the data. Results reveal a noteworthy relationship between independent variables (such as cultural impact, social impact, environmental impact and economic impact) and dependent variable (support for tourism development). The major challenges in tourism development have been identified, including deficient infrastructure, suboptimal tourism strategies and implementation, and inadequate government oversight. Effective mitigation of these challenges necessitates the implementation of appropriate infrastructure and development initiatives, proficient governmental management, and a concerted effort to augment the quantity and quality of hotels and accommodations. The significance of cultural, social, environmental and economic impact cannot be under or overstated in the context of tourism development. Addressing major challenges, the study suggests focused efforts in enhancing infrastructure and development, adopting effective management practices, and augmenting the quantity and quality of hotels and accommodations.</p>

Resident's Attitudes Toward Tourism Development in Simanindo Subsdistrict Samosir Regency

Tourism development especially in rural areas has changed residents’ economic, sociocultural, and environmental life. It’s important to analyze residents’ attitudes toward tourism development in their area. This study aimed to analyze the attitudes of the Batak Toba Ethnic as residents toward tourism development in Simanindo Subdistrict. This research was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional survey. A survey with 115 residents as representatives of Batak Ethnic was conducted in June 2022. The findings revealed that several challenges of tourism development had been stated by residents including conflict over resources ownership, less involvement of residents, inadequate financial support, insufficient facilities, low quality of service and product, poor marketing, and unskilled human resources. The Batak Toba Ethnic as residents also obtained positive and negative impacts of tourism development in their area. Positive impacts included conserving culture and heritage, preserving nature, supporting trading of local products, upgrading public facilities, encouraging economic growth, increasing employment opportunities, enhancing additional income, improving the quality of life, increasing foreign investors, improving the standard of living and personal benefit for residents. However, negative impacts were inconsiderable. The main suggestions toward tourism development were enhance local people involvement and participation, increase attractions, accessibilities and amenities. The economic benefits has high correlation toward communities involvement and participation in tourism development.
 Keywords: attitudes, challenges, impacts, participation, tourism development

The potential, challenge, and economic contribution of tourism resources in Menagesha Amba Mariam, state forest in Central Ethiopia

Abstract The present study used quantitative and qualitative research approaches to assess tourism resources’ potential, challenge, and economic contribution in the Menagesha Amba Mariam state forest. A total of 169 respondents’ samples were collected from the target population. The results confirmed that the study area has enormous tourism resource potential that can facilitate the respective tourism economy. The majority (88.2%) are natural attractions, including the landscape, the Meti River, the Adare River, the Meti waterfall, and wildlife species, as well as cultural (e.g., Horseback riding, Irreecha, Geda, and the handcrafts system) and religious resources (e.g., Meskel festivity, funeral ceremonies, monasteries, and ancient churches). Lack of infrastructure, lack of awareness, lack of community participation, poor coordination of stakeholders, and lack of fair administration are challenges for tourism development in the study area. Therefore, the Federal and Regional governments could collaborate to solve the challenges of ecotourism development. Furthermore, the involvement of local communities and the provision of basic tourism infrastructure amenities and facilities could encourage tourism flow and economic development at Menagesha Amba Mariam state forest.

Toward sustainable community-based tourism development: Perspectives from local people in Nhon Ly coastal community, Binh Dinh province, Vietnam.

Community-based tourism (CBT) is no longer a new form in many countries, including Vietnam. However, the approach of CBT in a sustainable manner, especially in coastal villages, where tourism has recently emerged as an alternative livelihood, has received little attention. This study explores the impact of tourism on the lives of the local community, the level of people's participation in tourism, and the challenges of tourism development in the coastal commune of Nhon Ly, Binh Dinh province. By utilizing a qualitative method such as observation and semi-structured interviews with 19 villagers engaged in tourism, the results show that tourism contributes significantly to the lives of the residents in Nhon Ly (e.g., improving income, changing livelihoods from fishing to tourism, improving environmental awareness). However, tourism development has obstacles related to local people's skills and knowledge working in tourism and their limited participation in tourism policy and planning. Other issues were related to the negative impacts of tourism on cultural-social and environmental aspects in Nhon Ly. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive coordination among all tourism stakeholders, building long-term strategies to overcome barriers toward sustainable CBT development in the future.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF HALAL TOURISM DESTINATIONS MODEL BASED ON ART CULTURE PERFORMERS OF SAPI SONOK MADURA IN PAMEKASAN REGENCY

This research aims to create a model for the development of halal tourism destinations based on the perspectives of the actors of the Sapi Sonok culture in Pamekasan, Madura. The challenge for tourism development after the pandemic is forming a concept that adheres to local wisdom. Cultural tradition can inspire the development of tourism destinations without exploiting the values of the local residents. The phenomenological approach was employed through an interpretive paradigm, and four informants were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, documentation, and observation. Meanwhile, analysis techniques use bracket; intuitive; analysis; and description. The research reveals, first, the artistic philosophy of the actors forms social cohesion even though there is competition within it. The actors’ philosophy includes beauty contests and the beauty of animals; tancek-guyup, harmony, and gratitude as well as social cohesion. Second, harmonious forms of cultural identity are adapted to local values. Halal tourism communication methods include observation, accessibility, amenities, and promotion of business actors. Finally, the right model is the one to develop halal tourism destinations based on the cultural actors of the Madurese Sapi Sonok culture which refers to the strength of the internal community and external groups.

THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF ECOTOURISM IN TAMAN NEGARA PAHANG ON THE LOCAL COMMUNITY GROUPS WITH DIFFERENT ECONOMIC STATUSES

Ecotourism conserves the natural environment and raises the community’s living standards. The socio-economic impacts, however, may vary due to different economic statuses among the local community groups. Hence this study examines the socio-economic impacts of ecotourism in Taman Negara Pahang on the locals and indigenous people with different incomes, education, and occupations. This qualitative research employed semi-structured interviews to understand better the socioeconomic benefits and challenges of tourism development in the national park. It was found that the locals were highly dependent on tourism economic activities, and their living standards improved. Nevertheless, most indigenous people still lived in poverty because they were incompetent with limited communication skills and hospitality knowledge. Besides, tourism seasonality has caused irregular business revenue, low return on investment, and underutilisation of facilities in the off-peak season. Conversely, the tourism operators and locals may gain maximum business revenue and additional income in the peak season. This paper draws the attention of government agencies and local community groups to the importance of educational attainment and appropriate capacity-building programs based on different needs to ensure an equitable distribution of ecotourism socio-economic benefits. Their involvement in such events may also help to overcome the challenges of tourism seasonality through proper planning and implementation in the national park.

The Trans-Himalayan Livelihood: Opportunities and Challenges in Tourism Development in Upper Mustang, Nepal

The people, places, and livelihoods of the Himalayan regions in Nepal are great attractions to tourists for multiple activities. However, mountain livelihood as tourist product has been little attention. This paper aims to present the Loba livelihood of the Upper Mustang, a trans-Himalayan region of Nepal as an intangible heritage, where the Government of Nepal began high-yielding tourism in 1992. Similarly, it focuses on opportunities and challenges of tourism development in the Upper Mustang. The paper is based on anthropological fieldwork conducted for the PhD, at Tribhuvan University, Nepal. The qualitative data were collected by applying observation and interview methods. The quantitative data were collected by Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Lo-manthang, and Jomsom. The important observable tourist goods in the study area include scenic desert-like natural surroundings, sacred sites, Himalayan festivals, rituals, local organic food items, and high altitude agricultural and pastoral practices. Similarly, the visitors are amazed and attracted by these tangible as well as intangible cultural heritages of Loba. The heritage includes the “mud-walled city of Lo-manthang”, medieval monasteries, palaces, and cave dwellings. The Loba livelihood is unique and a great attraction to domestic as well as international tourists for those who have no opportunity to experience a similar livelihood elsewhere. According to the Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP), Lo-manthang Unit Office records 52559 (1992-2019) foreign tourists visited Upper Mustang, which is increasing by 144 tourists per year. This study contributes to the local, provincial, and federal governments to plan further development of tourism in the Himalayan region.

Uyo, Akwa Ibom State and the Challenges of Tourism Development: the case of Inappropriate Urban Development Drives

Geographically, AkwaIbom State is divided into the coastal mangroves of Africa Central and transition areas at the southernmost point. The Imo and Cross Rivers, flow along the eastern and western borders respectively, while Kwa Ibo River crosses the state before flowing into the Bonny River. Economically, the state is the hub of crude oil and natural gas production in the country; with Ibeno, Mbo and Eastern Obolo as oil-producing local government area’s key minor industries involve agriculture as the state has substantial cocoyam, yam, and plantain crops along with fishing and agriculture. Yet, the state has no substantive or reasonable convention centre. Convention centre is one of the key segments of the events industry, along with hotels, and unique shows. They are designed to host any type of event, including conferences, conventions, and exhibitions. They are mostly located in or near the urban centres or other major population centres and are designed to meet the unique needs of the gathering groups, organizers, visitors, and exhibitors. In the past, the government approaches to urban development programmes are regrettable, retrogressive and benign. As a result, adequate measures and proper administrative management of the government laws and policies are recommended for tourism development in Uyo. Hiring of poorly trained and unqualified personals should be minimized and properly and adequately trained professionals in different areas of interest hired to man and manage the facilities of the state for upwards growth. The urban players in the state should pay more and better attention to the state’s tourism development hence, a sustainable convention centre.

Adaptation and mitigation management of drought, wildfire, and climate change toward the development of natural tourism in Jatirejo District, Mojokerto Regency, Indonesia

Global climate change, drought, and the threat of wildfires become major challenges in tourism development. Jatirejo District has a unique natural landscape and is stated as an Environmental Strategic Area in the form of Raden Soerjo Forest Park, which is frequently hit by drought, wildfire, and climate change. This study aims to identify those disasters that threaten natural tourism, see how far the gap with ideal conditions and formulate adaptation and mitigation strategies. The methods used in this research are spatial analysis to identify the disaster risks and qualitative method by gap analysis to formulate the strategies. The findings show that wildfires in 2019 at R. Soerjo Forest Park had a coverage area of 64.7 hectares. Moreover, 59% of the total area has been identified as a very high-risk index of wildfire and drought. There is also a significant increase in temperature by 0.7oC-1oC. This study shows the large gap between the severity of the disaster and the ideal conditions according to the guidelines. The potential of tourism destinations, as well as the threat of disasters, shows the need for adaptation and mitigation strategies for tourism development which contain three phases, specifically prevention and preparation, response, and recovery.

Challenges to Tourism Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. A Case of Malawi

Many countries around the world continue to consider or adopt tourism primarily for the economic benefits associated with it. However, developing tourism has been a difficult aspiration for developing countries as they face significant barriers. This paper examines the challenges to tourism development and their causative factors in Malawi. In-depth interviews were used to collect primary data. Inadequate connectivity between source markets and Malawi, as well as inside the country, underdeveloped tourist destinations and limited access to tourist information emerged as the main barriers to Malawi's tourism development. It was further revealed that underfunding, the centralized management structure of the tourism industry, lack of stakeholder collaboration, and an unfriendly business operating environment contribute to Malawi's tourism development challenges. It is recommended that the government and other key tourism stakeholders should prioritise the identified causative areas and among other things decentralise tourism administration and improve tourism statistics collection and analysis. There is also a need to strengthen stakeholder collaboration and networking.

Push and pull motivation factors: a panacea for tourism development challenges in Oluminrin waterfalls, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Motivation that enhances tourists’ behaviour to visit tourism destinations can be investigated by using the Push–pull factor approach. This study investigates the push and pulls factors and challenges facing visitation to Oluminrin waterfalls, Nigeria. It achieves its objective using data obtained using a structured questionnaire for150 tourists at the site, and the data are analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. The results show that the tourists are attracted to the site mainly because of pull factors, such as rock climbing and waterfall inherent in the site, while the push factors attracting the tourists include socialisation and escape from work. Also, the major challenge faced by the tourists is distance between the location and their residence, making it difficult to be accessible. The study recommends the need for the management of the tourist centres to improve these pull factors, such as heritage/culture, city enclave, comfort/relaxation, beach resort, outdoor resources, rural and inexpensive /budget and challenges faced by the tourists to meet due to push factors, such as cultural experiences, escape, re-experiencing family, sports, and prestige.

Information and Communication Technologies in food and accommodation sector in EU countries: Sticker or challenge for tourism development?

The article discusses the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the food and accommodation sector in the context of tourism development in EU countries. The paper is of a review and research nature. The purpose is to define a measure of the level of ICTs use in food and accommodation enterprises in EU countries, to consider the relation between proposed measure and chosen macroeconomic indicators, and finally to identify the impact of ICTs use on the development of this sector.To attain the aim of this research, a critical analysis of literature as well as desktop research has been carried out, the latter drawing on the data of Eurostat referring to companies from accommodation and food service activities. For the analysis, data for 26 EU countries over two time periods 2012–2019 and 2012–2017 were used. To assess the diversification of the level of ICTs use in the analysed sector, Hellwig's linear ordering method was utilized. Then, a fixed effects panel data model was used in order to examine the impact of the level of ICTs use on sector development, where the financial situation of enterprises (gross operating surplus) was assumed as the measure of the sector's growth.The values of the constructed taxonomic measure of development indicate the different levels of ICTs use by food and accommodation enterprises between countries. The estimated two-way panel data model confirmed a significant positive impact of ICTs use on gross operating surplus with a time lag of two years.

Issues, Challenges and Scope for Tourism Development in Kumaun Region of Uttarakhand

Tourism industry in the modern era is emerging one of the largest service-sector industry which is contributing in many ways towards economies through generating national income as well as by creating job opportunities especially for local population and thus become an avenue of socio-economic development and cultural exchange. Travel and Tourism is not only an activity for leisure and entertainment but it is also enriching and energizing activity. Uttarakhandone of the most beautiful state in the northern belt known as ‚Devbhoomi‛ or ‘Abode of Gods’ is a site of temples and pilgrimage, endowed with salubrious climate, exotic greenery, rich flora besides its rich culture. ‚Kumaon‛one of the two region of the state Uttarakhandattracts large numbers of tourists and is becoming as one of the preferred choice of visit among travellers. Beside all this the tourism industry in the Kumaunregion is facing some issues and challenges which need to be considered to capitalize the potential of tourism in the Kumaun region. The present study tries to examine the Challenges and scope of tourism development in the Kumaun region of the Uttarakhand state, the nature of the research is qualitative and employs the secondary sources of data. The results of the study reveals that there are challenges for tourism development, but with certain improvements and proper planning the region can be developed as one of the best tourist destination because there is vast scope in new forms of tourism and which can be capitalized with proper and efficient planning and execution

Identifying and analyzing the potentials and challenges of tourism development in the Sardoyeh region, Iran

با توجه به اینکه راهبردهای گذشته در زمینه توسعه نواحی نتوانسته‌اند در حل مسائل و معضلات موجود در نواحی روستایی موفقیت آمیز عمل کنند. یکی از راهبردهای که اخیرا مورد توجه قرار گرفته، بحث توسعه گردشگری در نواحی محروم و دارای پتانسیل‌های لازم می‌باشد که به عنوان رویکردی نوین و باصرفه می‌تواند در جهت رفع این معضلات و تجدید حیات روستاها نقش مهمی ایفا نماید و در کاهش شکاف منطقه‌ای و بهبود شاخص‌های توسعه بسیار تأثیرگذار باشد. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین راهبردهای مناسب برای توسعه گردشگری منطقه ساردوئیه از توابع شهرستان جیرفت تدوین شده است و در پی پاسخ به این سؤالات می‌باشد که پتانسیل‌ها و محدودیت‌های توسعه گردشگری روستایی این منطقه کدام است؟ و چه راهبردها و راهکارهایی برای توسعه این نوع گردشگری می‌توان ارائه داد؟ روش به کار رفته، توصیفی-تحلیلی که با استفاده از اطلاعات پیمایشی و اسنادی و بهره‌گیری از مدل استراتژیک سوات به شناسایی نقاط ضعف، قوت، فرصت‌ها و تهدیدها و ارائه راهبردهای مناسب برای توسعه گردشگری منطقه ساردوئیه پرداخته شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌‌دهد منطقه مورد مطالعه علی‌الرغم برخورداری از پتانسیل‌های بالا در زمینه توسعه گردشگری، با تهدیدها و چالش‌های جدی و اساسی مواجه است. لذا برنامه‌ریزی مناسب و اولویت دهی به توسعه گردشگری با استفاده از توانمندی‌های موجود، می‌تواند تهدیدها و ضعف‌های توسعه گردشگری این منطقه را برطرف نماید و نهایتا به عنوان گام مهمی برای توسعه پایدار روستایی این منطقه عمل نماید.

Tourism Destination in Remote Area : Problems and Challenges of Tourism Development in North Halmahera as Remote and Border Areas of Indonesia-Philippines

This paper will describe the problems and challenges in North Halmahera tourism development and describe the coordination, resources, disposition of executor and bureaucratic system in the process of tourism policy implementation by local government. This research used a qualitative method and case study approach. The method used in this research is qualitative with case study approach. This research conducted in Kakara Island, Tagalaya Island, Bobale Island, Kumo Island, Luari Beach, Paca Lake, Duma Lake, and Mamuya Hot Spring as the priority in North Halmahera Tourism Development Program by local government. The results of the evaluation indicate that the bureaucratic system, resources (human resources and sources of funding), the disposition of the commissioning and coordination was instrumental in the process of implementation of the policy on tourism. The implications of the implementation of tourism policy hampered are the lack of participation of the community and damage to facilities and access for tourism which threaten the sustainability of tourism. Thus, it can be noted that the challenges in the development of the leading tourist attraction in North Halmahera Regency are an effort to increase community participation through partnerships to achieve sustainable tourism. Keywords : Bureaucracy System, Coordination, Disposition, Resources, Tourism Policy

Ethno-Cultural Aspects of Tourism Development in the Republic of Kalmykia

The problem under study is topical and significant because of the needs of modern man in the development of different types of leisure activities and travel in spare time with a rational use of all available tourist resources. The purpose of the article is to identify ethno-cultural aspects of tourism development in the Republic of Kalmykia. The leading method of study is marketing analysis of the recreational areas in the Republic of Kalmykia which allows us to identify ethnic and cultural aspects of tourism development based on Buddhist local colour of the region. The main results of the article present the thorough data analysis of domestic and foreign scientific and methodical literature on the problem of tourism development in Russia and abroad. These results allowed us to draw conclusions about the the tourism development as an environmentally safe form of recreation and travel in the international trade in services. The article has practical value for solving economic, social, demographic and cultural challenges in tourism development. The article also provides knowledge of the folklore and ethnographical traditions of the Kalmyk people.

Cultural and religious tourism development in Iran: prospects and challenges

ABSTRACTTourism phenomenon is significantly based on the sociocultural dimensions of any society. This is particularly true in the case of Iran, a country that possesses a large number of cultural heritage and religious attractions. Overall tourism policies in Iran can be considered as much more consequential from the standpoint of the country’s specific socio-religious context rather than from explicit planning patterns. In Iran, religious tourists tend to concentrate mostly at the Shia shrines of Imam Reza in Mashhad and that of his sister Fatima in Qom. This study aims to contribute to the still emerging scientific debate around the prospects and challenges of tourism development in Iran, giving particular attention to its potential growth in religious tourism development.

“The Tourists Still Come, but They Don't Buy as Much as Before”: Vulnerability and Resilience in Two Bay Island Communities in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis

The purpose of this article is to elucidate the differential recovery of household livelihood after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in the communities of West End and Punta Gorda on the island of Roatán, Islas de La Bahia (Bay Islands), Honduras; the emphasis is on livelihoods in tourism due to its economic importance on the island. The theoretical approach is a political ecology of tourism with an emphasis on differential benefits and challenges of tourism development at the household level. The study employs a mixed methods ethnographic approach incorporating participant observation, informal interviews, and semi-structured interviews for the qualitative component. While the tourism sector on Roatán has recovered since undergoing a severe contraction in the latter part of 2009 and continuing in 2010, this recovery has been uneven, with larger tourism businesses and their employees faring better than small scale entrepreneurs.

Prospective and Challenges: Tourism Development at Meghauli

Background: Meghauli is known as one of the richest villages in Nepal in terms of floura and fauna. It is the heart of beauty that is totally unexpected in a country known mainly for a majestic and powerful location teeming with wild life. It hosts one of Asia’s finest national parks, renowned for its dense concentration of wild life. Tourists can be attracted from all over the world to view the floura and fauna along with other attractions. Objectives: The objective to study the prospective and the challenges of tourism development in Meghauli.Methodology: Descriptive and analytical research designs have been followed. Required information for the study has been obtained both from secondary and primary sources. Result: Some of the prime tourism attractions of Meghauli are the rare flora and fauna, natural beauty, villages, community forest, cultural diversity, religious places, rivers, lakes, world heritage CNP, eco-park, picnic park and the sunset view point. Due to these various tourism attractions, Meghauli has potential for the establishment of magnificent resorts and future development of tourism.Conclusion: Meghauli is situated by the side banks of CNP and two big rivers: Rapti and Narayani. The community forest and CNP are home to many types of wildlife. Almost 500 species of birds and wide variety of vegetations can be found in Meghauli. The dense forests, grasslands, rivers and many lakes embrace a balanced park ecology providing an environment suitable for animals, birds, insects and other forms of life. But it is not managed naturally and properly.

Treasure of Hayq Estifanos Communal Monastery: Potential and Challenges for Tourism Development

The main purpose of this research is to assess the potential of Hayq Estifanos communal monastery to become tourist destination and to identify the major hindering factors of tourism development in the site. To attain this objective, the researcher employed qualitative research method. To assess the potential and hindrance of the monastery for tourism development, primary and secondary data were collected. To collect primary data, face to face personal interview and participant observation was conducted. In order to analyze the contents of documentary materials such as books, magazines, newspapers and the contents of interviews and personal observation, the researcher has employed interpretive and descriptive analysis. The research identified that the monastery has plethora tangible and intangible heritages that have a great heritage tourism potential of the country. Within the churchyard, there are different historic buildings including the remarkable museum. The museum is unique in its collection; more than 140 scriptures dating back to the 13th century are preserved and display for visitors. In addition to the invaluable parchment manuscripts, the museum comprises different heritages, colorful and age-old articles and that have religious, historic and aesthetic values. Besides these heritages, the location of the monastery in the peninsula augmented its potential for tourism development. However, due to factors such as, lack of trained manpower in the field of museum study and heritage management, absence of promotion, lack of awareness among the community, inaccessibility of the museum for women and absence of tourist facility in the nearby are the major barriers that hindered the site to contribute for tourism development.