Chain Of Violence Research Articles

Poeta que es y se dice mujer: las tensiones entre los géneros en la poética de Marina Mariasch

El trabajo analiza el modo en que, a principios del siglo XXI, la poeta Marina Mariasch, explora la redistribución de estereotipos, máscaras, roles y síntomas, de una subjetividad femenina, tanto en su narrativa como en los poemas.
 Para Mariasch la ficción normativa de género creada por los discursos sociales difiere de la experiencia del sujeto, y los textos dan cuenta del desgarro que se produce en la subjetividad de una mujer en las distintas etapas de la vida. Así, su escritura poética marca el borde dentado de las relaciones sexo/género, y alza una voz disidente que obliga a repensar el heteropatriarcado, poniendo de manifiesto diversos matices en la larga cadena de violencias y contradicciones que sufren los sujetos de la sociedad actual.

Grounded Theory Approach on Post-Divorce Social Adjustment Experience of Female Victims of Domestic Violence

This study used the grounded theory of qualitative research method to approach the psychosocial experience and measure of post-divorce social adaptation of female victims of domestic violence. Participants in this study were women who got divorced due to the victimization by domestic violence, those who got helped from counseling and independent institutions and those who were attempting to adapt themselves to society. Total participants were 12 people. Data collection period was from March to August 2010 and in-depth interviews were conducted three times. Data analysis applied open coding and axial coding based on the grounded theory. The open coding analysis generated 9 categories and 31 subcategories. As a result of the axial coding analysis, the central phenomenon was ‘becoming an independent individual’, the causal condition was ‘the chain of violence’, ‘attempts to avoid divorce’ while the contextual condition was ‘things to bear after divorce’. The intervening condition was ‘social prejudice’ and ‘cause of psychological recovery’. The action/interaction strategy was ‘finding ways to survive’ and ‘laying foundation for self-reliance’ while the result was recovering personal value and happiness.

Three 'Schopenhauerian' Trilogies: Grillparzer, Wagner, Hebbel

Grillparzer's trilogy Das goldene Vließ, Wagner's operatic tetralogy Der Ring des Nibelungen and Hebbel's trilogy Die Nibelungen have many common features of form, thematic content, and dramatic motif — many of them probably derived from a common, though in each case unacknowledged, literary model, Fouqué's trilogy Der Held des Nordens (1808–10). The mythical/legendary story, whether classical or Germanic — Grillparzer himself described the Golden Fleece of the Greek legend as 'eine Art Nibelungenhort' — tells of a self-perpetuating chain of violence and retribution, originating in the theft of a talismanic treasure. The pursuit of this treasure can be seen as a symbolic representation of the insatiable driving Will which in Schopenhauer's Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung, published at the time Grillparzer was completing his work, is identified as the essence of an evil world.

The Politics of Commensuration: The Violence of Partition and the Making of the Pakistani State

Abstract This article examines how official representations of the violence and displacement of Partition organized the sovereign power of the post‐independence Pakistani state. It addresses how Partition's chain of violence and displacement engendered the state as an entity capable of wielding the sovereign power to decide on life and death. Crucial to this process were practices of knowledge and power in which the refugee was produced ambivalently, as a figure of right and a biopolitical problem in need of resolution. Focusing on Pakistan's official response to the “refugee problem”, I analyze how the management of the potential and actual movement of populations relied upon, and informed implicit logics of official commensuration with the communal violence of the mass.

Narratives of Armed Conflict and Terrorism in the Theatre: Tragedy and History in Hanoch Levin's Murder

The play Murder by the Israeli playwright Hanoch Levin, which premiered at the Cameri Theatre, the Tel Aviv municipal theatre, in the fall of 1997, is unique in confronting the extremely complex conflict between the Israelis and the Palestinians. Levin's text?as well as the performance based on it?directed by Omri Nitzan, the artistic director of the Cameri Theatre, are a compelling theatrical representation of the chain of violence and counter-violence, of terror, revenge and retaliation that is still feeding this now more than century-old Middle Eastern conflict. Examining this play and some details from the performance, as well as situating it within Levin's oeuvre as a playwright, I want to raise a number of issues about the possibilities of the theatre to reflect and comment on violence and terror, and perhaps even bring about a change of attitudes towards such phenomena within the Israeli political and ideological con texts. I want to stress from the outset that I will examine an Israeli play from an Israeli perspective, and, at the same time, I am aware that there is another side as well. The broader issue I want to raise here, however, is how acts of terrorism and armed conflict shape the narratives performed on the theatrical stages in Israel. Is it at all possible to portray such acts of violence within an aesthetic framework? And how do these kinds

Continuity of Marital Behavior in Remarriage: The Case of Spouse Abuse

This paper explores the variation between 1st marriages and remarriages in the incidence of spouse abuse an important aspect of marital relationships. 2 explanations are proposed for the higher rates of spouse abuse in remarried families. The 1st relies on characteristics individual spouses acquire prior to their remarriage; the 2nd focuses on remarried family characteristics in particular the complexity of family structure. Using data from the National Survey of Family Violence no support is found for the hypothesis that the experiences of individuals prior to remarriage account for higher rates of spouse abuse in remarried families regardless of complexity than intact never-divorced families. The Family Violence Survey utilized data obtained from interviews conducted with a national area probability sample of 2143 adults in January and February of 1976. To be eligible respondents had to be married or cohabiting with a member of the opposite sex. Interviews were conducted with wives in a randomly selected 1/2 of the families and with husbands in the other 1/2. Log-linear analysis was used to assess whether family structure is related to spouse abuse. The results support the hypothesis that divorced adults carry behavioral patterns from previous marriages into remarriage. The apparent incorporation of violence into a repertoire of marital behavior is consistent with remarried couples expectations that spouses replicate the mistakes of their 1st marriages in remarriage. The extent to which individuals consciously decide to repeat or renegotiate marital behavior upon remarriage is unknown. Data from 1 study indicate that adults entering remarriage carefully distinguish between their 1st and 2nd marriages on a variety of dimensions. In particular the data show that adults act consciously to avoid repeating behavior they found to be harmful in their 1st marriages. A key dimension upon which remarried couples distinguish their behavior in 1st and 2nd marriages is patterns of conflict of resolution. It is possible that the observed relationship between family structure and spouse abuse is a function of the relationship between family structure and childhood family violence. The data do not however support this hypothesis. The effect of family structure on spouse abuse persists when exposure to childhood family violence is controlled. Characteristics of predivorce marriages especially high levels of strain and conflict are likely sources of violent marital behavior that is then carried into remarriage. The findings in this paper expand the issues policy makers raise about the transmission of family violence. The chain of violence from marriage to remarriage is as important a problem as the chain of violence from parents to children in the US.

Shame, Honour and the Hero in Sophocles’ Electra

‘O seed of Atreus, after how many sufferings have you come forth with difficulty into freedom, perfected by this present enterprise.’In these words the Chorus expresses a typically choral summation of the action. By the murder of Clytaemnestra and Aegisthus, Electra and Orestes have at last won through to freedom; they have put an end to the long history of violence and vengeance which has plagued the house of Pelops from the beginning. The morality of the matricide is not in question. The Chorus regards it simply as both necessary and just, however dreadful it may seem to dispassionate reflection. For the Chorus, the justice of the matricide is self-evident, as it was necessary to restore Orestes to his rightful throne, to bring an end to the chain of violence and retribution and to restore the house of Atreus to its proper condition. In these final words the Chorus betrays no sense of unease; there is no suggestion that the matricide may have repercussions in the future. There is nothing, in short, in these words, other than the happy anticipation of a life, from this point on, of prosperity and freedom. The Pelopid curse has run its course, the chain is broken, and all has come to a satisfactory and just conclusion.

Security Council

At its 700th meeting on September 8, 1955, the Council considered a report of the Chief of Staff of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization in Palestine, General E. L. M. Burns, on an outbreak of violence in the Gaza area which had begun with an incident on August 22 in which an Egyptian post near the demarcation line was occupied by Israel forces; according to General Burns, this incident, in which one Egyptian officer and two soldiers had been killed and three others wounded, had started a chain of violence. While it was not possible to affix responsibility for the episode of August 22, he stated, it had been followed by an organized series of attacks on vehicles, installations and persons, carried out by gangs of marauders in Israel territory and resulting in the deaths of eleven military and civilian personnel and the injury of nine. The number and nature of these attacks, in the view of General Burns, suggested that they were the work of organized and well trained groups, and he stated that investigations by the United Nations military observers tended to support this view. There had also been numerous incidents of firing across the demarcation line, accompanied in some instances by incursions of small parties of troops of either side, and sometimes resulting in heavy casualties. In view of the deterioration in the situation, General Burns reported, he had requested on August 26 that responsible Israel authorities in the area be instructed to act with restraint, and had informed the Egyptians that in his view it would be advisable to post United Nations military observers on the Egyptian side in accordance with arrangements previously in force, but subsequently discontinued.