Chain Diagram Research Articles

Maximizing Mining Operations: Unlocking the Crucial Role of Intelligent Fleet Management Systems in Surface Mining’s Value Chain

On the one side, the operational expenses of mining enterprises are showing an upward trend; and on the other side, conventional mining fleet management systems (FMSs) are falling short in addressing the high-dimensionality, stochasticity, and autonomy needed in increasingly complex operations. These major drivers for change have convinced researchers to search for alternatives including artificial-intelligence-enabled algorithms recommended by Mining 4.0. The present study endeavors to scrutinize this transition from a business management point of view. In other words, a literature review is carried out to gain insight into the evolutionary trajectory of mining FMSs and the need for intelligent algorithms. Afterward, a holistic supply chain layout and then a detailed value chain diagram are depicted to meticulously inspect the effect of technological advancements on FMSs and subsequently the profit margin. The proposed value-chain diagram is advantageous in explaining the economic justification of such intelligent systems, illustratively, for shareholders in the industry. Moreover, it will show new research directions for mining scholars.

Economic and value chain analysis to support an investigation and risk mitigation efforts on Marek's disease in layers in the southern part of Thailand.

Marek's disease (MD) is a common lymphoproliferative disease affecting chickens and causing economic losses in commercial poultry. The MD outbreak was noticed in the southern part of Thailand in 2019. The suspected cases were found with an abnormal number of cases of layers dying with clinical signs, for example, weakness and emaciation, with evidence of MD gross lesions. This study aimed to raise awareness of the MD outbreak through value chain analysis (VCA), identifying associated possible risk factors, and estimating the associated economic impact. Value chain analysis, including seasonal calendar, value chain diagram, and layer movement mapping of the layer industry, was conducted. High-risk stakeholders were identified on the basis of risk practices and interactions between stakeholders. A case-control study was conducted to determine risk factors associated with the MD outbreak on layer farms, and partial budget analysis was used to estimate economic losses associated with MD. The value chain diagram showed the linkages between stakeholders, including estimation of the percentage of products moved from one stakeholder group to another and the negotiated price. Fourteen out of 35 layer farms were case farms. Farm size and source of birds were significantly associated with the MD outbreak. The MD outbreak caused total economic losses of 295,823 USD. Farms that slaughtered infected birds with additional revenues incurred losses of 140,930 USD, whereas farms that culled infected birds without additional revenue returned incurred losses of 1995 USD. The VCA provided a better understanding of the layer and egg businesses in South Thailand and guided the development of questionnaires for outbreak investigation. The potential risk factor findings suggested the need for further exploration of the source of the MD outbreak.

Researching on the structural spectrum synthesis method of the open kinematic chain

A novel structural spectrum synthesis method of the open kinematic chain is presented to reveal the varieties and design nature of the mechanism structural layout. Its novelty lies in that it is able to generate the structural spectrum by the matrix mapping. Starting from the kinematic chain and topological diagram, the association matrix between the links and the kinematic pairs is established. Then, the orientation matrix is proposed to represent the relative position relationship between the adjacent links. By defining Boolean operation rules of the orientation matrixes, the overall orientation matrix can be derived to generate the structural spectrums of the mechanism. Finally, this method is successfully applied to design the structural spectrums of the vertical machining center and the cylindrical coordinate robot. In the future, the proposed method can be generalized to the structural design of all machines, and used as the fundamentals for the following detailed and innovative structural design. The work will pave the way for the digital and automated structural design from the kinematic chain to the mechanism structure.

A New Chaotic System with Only Nonhyperbolic Equilibrium Points: Dynamics and Its Engineering Application

In this work, we introduce a new non-Shilnikov chaotic system with an infinite number of nonhyperbolic equilibrium points. The proposed system does not have any linear term, and it is worth noting that the new system has one equilibrium point with triple zero eigenvalues at the origin. Also, the novel system has an infinite number of equilibrium points with double zero eigenvalues that are located on the z -axis. Numerical analysis of the system reveals many strong dynamics. The new system exhibits multistability and antimonotonicity. Multistability implies the coexistence of many periodic, limit cycle, and chaotic attractors under different initial values. Also, bifurcation analysis of the system shows interesting phenomena such as periodic window, period-doubling route to chaos, and inverse period-doubling bifurcations. Moreover, the complexity of the system is analyzed by computing spectral entropy. The spectral entropy distribution under different initial values is very scattered and shows that the new system has numerous multiple attractors. Finally, chaos-based encoding/decoding algorithms for secure data transmission are developed by designing a state chain diagram, which indicates the applicability of the new chaotic system.

Creating a Disaster Chain Diagram from Japanese Newspaper Articles Using Mechanical Methods

A new method for creating a chain diagram of events that occur during disasters by extracting causal knowledge from Japanese newspaper articles and designing a causal network is proposed herein. Machine learning discriminant models were created for both conventional cue phrases and succession expressions with causation to extract causal sentences. We found that causal sentences can be extracted with a certain degree of accuracy from disaster articles. We were also able to create a causal network using sentences as nodes and links. The chain diagram using our new method extracted events and causal knowledge that were unavailable in a disaster chain diagram designed using conventional methods.

Analisis Arsitektur Bisnis Sistem Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru dan Akademik

Abstract — University in Bandung already has an IT Blueprint in 2009 and has successfully implemented several integrations in the financial system for academics. However, until 2020 there was no integration between the new student admission system and the academic system. Therefore, through this research, preparation and analysis were carried out to then proceed with the design in order to gradually document the IT Blueprint. And on this occasion discussed the preparation and analysis of the new student admission system and the academic system. The framework used is TOGAF 9.1 and TOGAF 9.2, namely in the preparation stage to phase B Architecture Vision. This research has been conducted from June 2019 to August 2020 and has produced a Value Chain Diagram, Stakeholder Map, and Solution Concept Diagram which will become the basis for phase B. The resulting Value Chain Diagram consists of the Value Chain Diagram for the admission system and the Value Chain Diagram for the academic system. In each diagram discusses the main activities and support activities of each system. The stakeholder map will explain each stakeholder involved in the admission system and the academic system and their relationship to architectural design. The Solution Concept Diagram illustrates the concept diagram as a solution architecture vision for admission and the academic system at University.
 Keywords— analysis; Enterprise Architecture; preliminary, Architecture Vision, TOGAF

Modular aggregation functions performed by static inverters in autonomous power supply systems

Static power inverters (SPI) are important functional elements to provide efficiency and reliability for autonomous power supply systems (APSS). The paper proposes to improve technical and economic characteristics of APSS through modular aggregation functions and reduced number of power electronic devices constituting SPIs. The paper provides a generalized SPC topology and insights into its performance. It deals with some electric schematic diagrams for a controlled rectifier and a three-phase modular inverter, a three-phase voltage inverter based on two single-phase inverters and a single-phase-three-phase rotating-field transformer, as well as a chain diagram for a universal modular static power inverter. It is shown that modular aggregation functions of APSS static power inverters will improve reliability through back-up operations performed by the main functional units and assemblies, and reduce time intervals for their maintenance and repair. The efficiency of autonomous systems will be advanced due to a decrease in the total number of power electronic devices constituting SPIs. In addition, the level of electromagnetic interference generated by these devices will decrease. A significant technical and economic effect will be achieved by using universal modular static inverters in the APS systems, capable of passing energy flows back and forth in both directions and operating in various modes.

A value chain analysis of interventions to control production diseases in the intensive pig production sector.

Value chain analysis (VCA) calculated the financial effects on food chain actors of interventions to improve animal health and welfare in the intensive pig sector. Two interventions to reduce production diseases were studied. A generic chain diagram of linkages between stakeholders and value-added dimensions was designed. Data on structure and financial performance were collected for the sector. The production parameters and financial effects of the interventions were then described to illustrate impact on the supply chain. The effects of the interventions were also assessed at market level using economic welfare analysis. The sectors in Finland and the UK are small in farm numbers and few companies produced much of the output in a largely vertically-integrated structure. The most beneficial intervention in financial terms to farmers was improved hygiene in pig fattening (around +50% in gross margin). It was calculated to reduce the consumer price for pig meat by up to 5% when applied at large, whereas for improved management measures, it would reduce consumer price by less than 0.5%. However, the latter added value also through food quality attributes. We show that good hygiene and animal care can add value. However, evaluation of the financial and social viability of the interventions is needed to decide what interventions are adopted. The structure of supply chains influences which policy measures could be applied. Of the two interventions, improved pig hygiene had the largest potential to improve efficiency and reduce costs. The studied interventions can also provide new business opportunities to farms, slaughterhouses and food sector companies. More evidence is needed to support public policies and business decision-making in the sector. For this, evidence on consumer attitudes to production diseases is needed. Nevertheless, the study makes an important contribution by showing how improvements in health and welfare benefit the whole chain.

Dynamic Stability of the Valve Electric Drive in Oscillatory Mode

The analysis results of the dynamic stability of the electric drive in oscillatory mode by means of the supply voltage phase modulation have been provided. The determining procedure of oscillatory electromagnetic torque and its starting and damping components, as well as of motion law for the motor operating element subject to inertial, damping and positional load has been developed and tested. It was shown that the valve electric drive dynamic stability in oscillatory mode can be estimated from the time behaviour of the torque angle under the dynamic transition to the static stable mode. The natural frequency-regulating algorithm of the electric drive has been determined, operating by regulating one of the phase-to-earth voltages, as well as a pull-in criterion operating under the variation of load parameters by the start of the electric drive on the specified oscillatory frequency. A chain diagram of electric drive in oscillatory mode with variable rest frequency has been contributed. The obtained research results can be recommended for use in engineering of low-frequency electromechanical oscillatory complexes in control and vibration test systems.

A review of machine efficiency in mass customization

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the gap between definition and practical aspects of production efficiency in mass customization (MC). The paper summarizes all major issues impacting efficiency in MC. Also, the paper reviews metrics, relationship between various parameters and provides a best practices benchmark toolkit to achieve higher machine efficiencies. Design/methodology/approach The paper identified and categorized multiple challenges impacting machine efficiency in MC through a literature review spanning over three decades, and also ranked the identified issue-based parameters. Top issues were found varying across different types of industries identified through the review. Metrics pertaining to efficiency and degree of MC are reviewed in the paper. A chronological review of issues is presented, and a chain diagram is built in the paper. Toolkit of best practices created with solution strategies and tools are summarized through the review. Findings The paper found that MC reasonably impacts machine efficiency which needs to be addressed. Major issues through literature review-based ranking are uncovered, and worldwide research trend and comparison are presented. Active research in this area is observed to be at its peak since 2010. The extensive use of strategies and benchmark toolkit for improving efficiency are summarized. Research limitations/implications Ranking of issues has been done through a literature review; hence, there can be skewness depending on the frequency of issues researched by various authors in various areas of industries. Practical implications This paper is useful for manufacturing managers and companies willing to increase the size of their product portfolio and choices within their available resources without compromising machine efficiencies and, thereby, the cost. The identified issues help in providing a comprehensive issue list to the academia. Originality/value This paper describes what is believed to be the first study that explicitly examines the issues faced in achieving machine efficiency while manufacturing in an MC environment.

On the Cover

It is a common practice to track test forms in equating chains across various administrations. The submitted plot aims to augment form information in an equating chain diagram to help inform and evaluate assessment and equating designs. In general, the plot displays a chronological sequence of forms that have been administered, and form information including 1) form name, 2) form difficulty, 3) administration time, 4) cumulative test-taker volume on the form, 5) problematic item information (i.e., DNS as “Do not score” item), 6) DNS item id, and 7) whether the form has been reused. The plot resembles a tree where each circle's location defines the average raw score for a particular form at a given administration. The line connections indicate the form sequence in the equating chains. The plot shows the spread of the average raw scores across the forms within each administration in relation to the scaling form, and over administrations which can help detect any consistent shift over time (e.g., forms getting easier). The plot can also inform the potential overuse of any form that has been reused and has a cumulative test-taker volume up to its most recent administration. In addition, the plot offers dynamic features to 1) show form information once the mouse is hovered over any circle, and 2) enable users to zoom in and pan the plot so that the form information can be scrutinized easily. If you are interested in learning more about this informative and detailed data visualization, contact the principal author Caiyan Zhang (cazhang@collegeboard.org). We want to hear your feedback! Let us know what you think by emailing Ally Shay Thomas (thomasa11@upmc.edu).

Water Footprint Assessment in the Agro-industry: A Case Study of Soy Sauce Production

In terms of global water scarcity, the water footprint is an indicator of the use of water resources that given knowledge about the environmental impact of consuming a product. The sustainable use of water resources nowadays bring challenges related to the production and consumption phase of water intensive related goods such as in the agro-industry. The objective of the study was to assessment the total water footprint from soy sauce production in Grobogan Regency. The total water footprint is equal to the sum of the supply chain water footprint and the operational water footprint. The assessment is based on the production chain diagram of soy sauce production which presenting the relevant process stages from the source to the final product. The result of this research is the total water footprint of soy sauce production is 1.986,35 L/kg with fraction of green water 78,43%, blue water 21,4% and gray water 0,17%.

On the initial condition of inflationary fluctuations

It is usually assumed that the inflationary fluctuations start from the Bunch-Davies (BD) vacuum and the iε prescription is used when interactions are calculated. We show that those assumptions can be verified explicitly by calculating the loop corrections to the inflationary two-point and three-point correlation functions. Those loop corrections can be resummed to exponential factors, which suppress non-BD coefficients and behave as the iε factor for the case of the BD initial condition. A new technique of loop chain diagram resummation is developed for this purpose. For the non-BD initial conditions which is setup at finite time and has not fully decayed, explicit correction to the two-point and three-point correlation functions are calculated. Especially, non-Gaussianity in the folded limit is regularized due to the interactions.

Process-based tolerance assessment of connecting rod machining process

Process tolerancing based on the process capability studies is the optimistic and pragmatic approach of determining the manufacturing process tolerances. On adopting the define–measure–analyze–improve–control approach, the process potential capability index (C p) and the process performance capability index (C pk) values of identified process characteristics of connecting rod machining process are achieved to be greater than the industry benchmark of 1.33, i.e., four sigma level. The tolerance chain diagram methodology is applied to the connecting rod in order to verify the manufacturing process tolerances at various operations of the connecting rod manufacturing process. This paper bridges the gap between the existing dimensional tolerances obtained via tolerance charting and process capability studies of the connecting rod component. Finally, the process tolerancing comparison has been done by adopting a tolerance capability expert software.

Characteristics of the peanut chain in Europe - implications for peanut allergy.

Peanuts are one of the main food allergens, occasionally responsible for life-threatening reactions. Thus, many studies have tried to fi nd a connection between peanut allergy prevalence and processes in the peanut chain that may contribute to the peanut allergenicity. To inform this discussion, this paper outlines experiences in peanut cultivation, trade and processing in Europe, focusing on four European countries with different peanut experiences (Poland, Bulgaria, Spain and the UK). Results here are based on documentary analysis and semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 32 experts involved in various stages of the peanut chain, including peanut farmers, processors, traders, food technologists and manufacturers. A common peanut chain diagram has been drawn considering shelled and in-shell peanuts. The analysis of each stage of peanut processing has been made in accordance with this peanut chain schema. Thermal and mechanical processes are discussed alongside the resultant end peanut products available for European consumers. The paper also analyses the main trends of peanut trade in Europe. The results suggest that the majority of peanut products in Europe are roasted, implying enhanced exposure of the population to more allergenic peanuts. The presented schema and related discussion bring together diverse aspects of peanut production, trade and processing. The main factor associated with the increased allergenicity of peanuts appears to be high temperature roasting. Frying and boiling are also thermal processes, but fried and boiled peanuts have been associated with reduce peanut allergenicity. Neither country of origin nor cultivar type appear to be related to differential peanut allergenicity. More research is needed as regards the impact of various additives, such as chocolate (which is also considered an allergen) on the allergenicity of peanut products. The use of peanuts in non-food products also needs more investigation.

COUNTING NUMBER OF FUZZY SUBGROUPS OF SOME OF DIHEDRAL GROUPS

In this paper, we compute number of fuzzy subgroups of some dihedral groups such as D2pn where p is a prime number and D2p1×p2×···×pn where p1,p2,...,pn are distinct prime numbers. We use their chain diagram to determine the number of their fuzzy subgroups and present an explicit recursive formula to D2p n and at the result in specially case D2 n and finally a formula to count number of fuzzy subgroups of dihedral group D2p1×p2×···×pn .

Accurate Calculation of the Differential Cross Section of Compton Scattering in Quantum Electronic Dynamics

In the minimum electromagnetism coupling model of interaction between photon and electron, we present a effective and precise calculation on the differential cross section of Compton scattering with the help of the electron renormalized chain propagator. By comparing the result of the differential cross section of the Compton scattering with electron propagator at the tree level and the one loop level, respectively, we find that the correction of the chain diagram is better than the one-loop diagram to the differential cross section in the 10-3order.

Business Process Modelling Languages in Designing Integrated Information System for Supply Chain Management

A business process model is very germane to the formation of an appropriate information system. For a marked infusion of business processes in the supply chain, the status quo regarding the processes must be totally understood and well secured. Business activities and sequence have to be well kept and properly coordinated by predicting business procedures process from diverse views. This study examines seven BPMLs Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Unified Modelling Language (UML), Business Process Modelling Notation(BPMN), Event Driven Process Chain (EPC), IDEF, Petri Net, and Role Activity Diagram (RAD). The submissions of this study are the subject of the Business Process Modelling Languages (BPMLs) in developing an integrated dissemination mechanism and classification of modelling tools.

Chlorpyrifos and neurodevelopmental effects: a literature review and expert elicitation on research and policy

BackgroundOrganophosphate pesticides are widely used on food crops grown in the EU. While they have been banned from indoor use in the US for a decade due to adverse health effects, they are still the most prevalent pesticides in the EU, with Chlorpyrifos (CPF) being the most commonly applied. It has been suggested CPF affects neurodevelopment even at levels below toxicity guidelines. Younger individuals may be more susceptible than adults due to biological factors and exposure settings.MethodsA literature review was undertaken to assess the evidence for CPF contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders in infants and children. Other literature was consulted in order to formulate a causal chain diagram showing the origins, uptake, and neurological effects of animal and human exposure to CPF.The causal chain diagram and a questionnaire were distributed online to scientific experts who had published in relevant areas of research. They were asked to assess their confidence levels on whether CPF does in fact contribute to adverse neurodevelopment outcomes and rate their confidence in the scientific evidence. A second questionnaire queried experts as to which kind of policy action they consider justifiable based on current knowledge. In a special workshop session at the EuroTox congress in Dresden in 2009 the results of both questionnaires were further discussed with invited experts, as a basis for a policy brief with main messages for policy makers and stakeholders.ResultsMost experts who responded to the first questionnaire felt that there was already enough evidence to support a ban on indoor uses of CPF in the EU. However, most felt additional research is still required in several areas. The responses from the first questionnaire were used to formulate the second questionnaire addressing the feasibility of government action. In turn, these expert participants were invited to attend a special session at the EuroTox congress in Dresden in 2009.ConclusionsSome of the evidence that CPF contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders is still disputed among experts, and the overall sense is that further research and public awareness are warranted. There have been campaigns in North America making the potential exposure concerns known, but such information is not widely known in the EU. The ability of government action to produce change is strongly felt in some quarters while others believe better knowledge of consumer use trends would have a greater impact.

VISUAL ANALYSIS OF DISCUSSION FLOW ON KEYGRAPH-BASED BBS

A method for visualizing discussion flow is proposed for analyzing the thread in KGBBS (KeyGraph-based BBS). It is known that group discussion is effective for chance discovery, in which information visualization plays an important role in providing participants with a material to that brainstorm various ideas, opinions, and interpretations. In order to enable online discussion while sharing the same visualized material, KGBBS is proposed based on KeyGraph, which is one of the typical visualization techniques in chance discovery. The aim of this paper is to utilize the result of discussion using KGBBS, by visualizing discussion flow of the thread in KGBBS. The method consists of 2 kinds of visualization techniques — a comment chain diagram to visualize the structure of comment chain, and a visual summary on KeyGraph to visualize concrete transition of topics through successive 2 or 3 comments. The proposed method is applied to actual discussion data, and the analysis results show the combination of both the visualization techniques, making it possible to analyze concrete transition of topics without reading comments in a thread.