Cessation Of Action Research Articles

Regulacja nastroju i strategie radzenie sobie ze stresem a prokrastynacja we wczesnej dorosłości

<p>Celem podjętej analizy było określenie związku między regulacją nastroju oraz typowymi sposobami reagowania i odczuwania w sytuacjach doświadczania silnego stresu a prokrastynacją. Przebadano 96 osób w okresie wczesnej dorosłości. W badaniach zastosowano następujące metody badawcze: do pomiaru prokrastynacji – kwestionariusz Pure Procrastination Scale; do analizy regulacji nastroju – Skale Regulacji Nastroju Bogdana Wojciszke; do oceny strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem – kwestionariusz Mini-COPE. Przeprowadzone analizy ujawniły istnienie związku między prokrastynacją a regulacją nastroju (osoby prokrastynujące częściej stosują strategie polegające na obniżaniu nastroju) oraz między prokrastynacją a ośmioma (spośród czternastu) strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem. Wraz ze wzrostem prokrastynacji nasila się tendencja do stosowania nieadaptacyjnych stylów radzenia sobie ze stresem, w tym strategii polegającej na zaprzeczaniu istnieniu problemu oraz na zaprzestaniu działań i rezygnacji z prób osiągnięcia celu, a także strategii polegających na zajmowaniu się czymś innym i wykorzystywaniu poczucia humoru, zaabsorbowaniu pojawiającymi się nieprzyjemnymi emocjami poprzez ich wyładowanie oraz obwinianiu się. Odwrotnie proporcjonalny związek zaobserwowano między prokrastynacją a adaptacyjnymi strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem, polegającymi na planowaniu postępowania i podejmowaniu działania w celu poprawy sytuacji. Przeprowadzona dodatkowa analiza nie ujawniła istotnych różnic między kobietami i mężczyznami w zakresie nasilenia prokrastynacji. Istotne różnice wystąpiły w zakresie dwóch wymiarów prokrastynacji: behawioralnego i decyzyjnego.</p>

Correlates of respiratory admissions frequency in patients with obstructive lung diseases: coping styles, personality and anxiety.

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with a huge financial burden on the budget and healthcare in the world. Personality traits, ways of coping with stress and anxiety levels affect the functioning of sick people. Objective of the study was to evaluate correlation between those features and the frequency of hospital and outpatient clinic admissions among people with chronic pulmonary diseases. Participants (n=100) with asthma and COPD were subjected to: a sociodemographic urvey, NEO-FFI Personality Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Brief COPE Inventory. There was a relationship between the hospital admission frequency and neuroticism (positive correlation). The frequency of visits to the outpatient clinic was positively correlated with the level of conscientiousness, use of emotional support and negatively with cessation of action. The obtained results may indicate the need to offer patients with respiratory diseases psychotherapeutic activities aimed at building a more constructive functioning, reducing anxiety, increasing the sense of control.

Chronic Kidney Disease as Basis of High Thrombotic and Bleeding Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Place of Oral Anticoagulants.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) aggravates course of practically all diseases by worsening outcomes and hindering adequate treatment. Specificities of renal excretion of various drugs, changes of parameters of their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, nephrotoxic effects of drugs, tactics of drug therapy in conditions of CKD, terminal stage of kidney failure and dialysis are in the focus of attention of internists. To a greatest degree difficulties of drug therapy in CKD and associated clinical states refer to the group of anticoagulants. Kidney diseases and related complications of anticoagulant therapy served as stimulus for search for new pharmacological approaches in anticoagulation, which resulted in creation and elaboration of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). NOACs are characterized by rapid onset and cessation of action, predictable pharmacokinetics, low potential of interaction with drugs and foods. Indicators of efficacy and safety of NOACs are similar to those of warfarin. Nevertheless, hemorrhagic and thrombotic events constitute the basis of further theoretical and practical investigations. These complications also stimulate aiming at selection of safest and balanced medicines. In this article we present various aspects of use of direct oral anticoagulants mostly in patients with CKD associated with atrial fibrillation.

Mathematical modeling of the stretching-induced elongation of the embryonic epithelium layer in the absence of an external load

A clue to understanding the deformation of a plane embryonic epithelium layer unloaded after a short time uniaxial stretch and fixation in a stretched state over different time periods is found. The first steps in the understanding of this process come from the knowledge about the uniform stretching of the tissue fragment (explantate) with the subsequent stretching at a fixed length. In this study we used the earlier developed continuum model that describes the stress-strain state of the epithelial tissue taking into account the parameters that characterize the shape of the cells and their stress state, and also the active stresses they exert when interact with one another. The experimentally observed continuation of deformation of the stretched tissue after the cessation of action of the external force is described theoretically as a result of active cell reactions to the mechanical stress. The strong effect of the duration of explantate fixation on its further elongation and the cell activity pattern is demonstrated.

Active Leisure

The philosophy of education of the first Jesuits—as delineated in the Ratio studiorum (1599) and embodied in the colleges’ practices—has become one of the preferred topics among historians of sixteenth-century education and philosophy. This paper seeks to present a heretofore rather neglected aspect of Jesuit education theory: the treatment of the body in the network of colleges during the first fifty years of the Society of Jesus. Among the key features of this treatment one finds leisure and rest, which Jesuits conceived as a means of measuring and punctuating the school timetable. While most medieval colleges did not usually leave much free time to their students, the Jesuits viewed leisure and rest as crucial for fostering spiritual and intellectual activities. Leisure and rest, however, ought not be understood as a cessation of action. This paper shows that the educational practices addressed to the body in the Jesuit colleges (such as the alternation of exercise and rest, the alternation of waking and sleep, the relationship between hygiene and the care of the body, and physical education) were deeply rooted in the Ignatian culture of the Spiritual Exercises. This experience stands out as one of most ingenious attempts to transform religious mystical practices from the medieval tradition in a manner that would make them resonate with the early modern way of life.

Śaṇkara on Action and Liberation

In this paper I attempt to understand the implications of Śaṅkara's claim that liberation is not an action. If liberation is not an action, how is it up to us and therefore our responsibility? What role do actions have in a life concerned with liberation? The key to understanding Śaṅkara's view, I suggest, requires broad reflection on his claim in his commentary on Brahma Sūtra I.1.4 that cessation of action in accordance with Vedic prohibition is not an action. I will conclude by discussing the implications of this interpretation on the nature of māyā in Śaṅkara.

Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetic‐Pharmacodynamic Relationships of Atorvastatin, an HMG‐CoA Reductase Inhibitor

The objective of this study is to determine the relationships between plasma atorvastatin concentrations, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol reduction, and atorvastatin dose; the earliest time at which lipid levels change when atorvastatin treatment is initiated or discontinued; and alterations in LDL particle composition. Twenty-four subjects with elevated LDL-cholesterol were treated with escalating daily doses of 5, 20, and 80 mg atorvastatin for 6 weeks each. Serial plasma lipid and lipoprotein analyses were performed during the initiation and discontinuation of atorvastatin therapy, as well as at steady state. LDL-apolipoprotein B and LDL-cholesterol were measured directly after ultracentrifugation, and LDL-cholesterol also was estimated by the method of Friedewald. Steady-state atorvastatin pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated on the last day of each dosing period. LDL-cholesterol (Friedewald) reductions of 34%, 43%, and 57% were produced by atorvastatin doses of 5, 20, and 80 mg, respectively. The mean dose-response relationship was log linear, and almost all individual dose-response curves paralleled the mean curve. LDL-apolipoprotein B reductions were slightly less than those of LDL-cholesterol. Atorvastatin area under the curve (AUC(0-24) values increased proportionally with dose, while values of Cmax (maximum concentration) increased more than proportionally, and Cmin (minimum concentration) increased less than proportionally. Following initiation of dosing, statistically significant decreases in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (beta quant), and LDL-apolipoprotein B were observed within 24 hours and in LDL-C (Friedewald) within 72 hours. Following discontinuation of drug dosing, statistically significant increases were observed in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (Friedewald) within 48 hours and in LDL-cholesterol (beta quant) and LDL-apolipoprotein B within 72 hours. At each dose, an individual's LDL-cholesterol response was not correlated with AUC(0-24). In conclusion, atorvastatin produces marked LDL-cholesterol reductions, the mean dose-response relationship is log linear, almost all individual dose-response curves parallel the mean dose-response curve, onset and cessation of action are rapid, the estimated and measured LDL-cholesterol are the same, LDL-cholesterol and LDL-Apo B reductions are similar, and plasma concentrations are not correlated with LDL-cholesterol reduction at a given dose.

Duration of sodium amytal effect: behavioral and EEG measures.

In performance of an intracarotid sodium amytal test duration of action is a critical factor since measurements obtained after cessation of action are invalid. Duration of action is often monitored by measuring handstrength contralateral to injection or by visual inspection of amytal-induced EEG slow waves ipsilateral to injection. We describe new objective methods of monitoring drug effect: quantified EEG and sensory discrimination. In a first study of patients with scalp electrodes, the two traditional and the two new measures were compared in 40 injections. Results indicated that the two EEG measures did not differ significantly and estimated a shorter drug effect than the two behavioral measures, which were also not significantly different. The two new measures had a smaller SD, indicating that they may be less erratic. In a second study of 14 patients, using intracerebral electrodes, we showed that slow waves in the frontocentral region lasted as long as the motor and sensory effects, but also that slow waves in the medial temporal region dissipated earlier than the motor and sensory deficits. Our results suggest that motor and sensory measures may overestimate the time in which valid testing can occur if hippocampal function is at issue.

Principles of intrapersonal conflict

It is difficult to escape the conclusion that, from the very dawn of life, living organisms have been constantly subjected to the disrupting effects of conflicting tendencies to action. Whenever and wherever they have moved, the forces inciting them to action have been opposed by other agencies demanding either alternate responses or the cessation of action; for even the simplest movement cannot be executed unless the

MOTHS INJURIOUS TO VEGETATION

Under this head one might arrange nearly the whole of our moths, except, perhaps, a little species, the Euzephora eoccidivora, which Professor Comstock has discovered to be predaceous, and to live upon plant-lice in the larval state, and one or two others, which, perhaps, have similar habits. A good many species become unusually numerous, however, in certain years and localities. Almost always this seems to be owing to the temporary cessation of action of the checks which keep down species from excessive multiplication, and disturbing the order of things. When we cultivate a large quantity of any cereal or plant of economic value, we in effect afford abundant food for the insects which habitually infest it. Many will recollect that the maple and other shade trees in Brooklyn and New York used to be completely defoliated by the middle of summer by the common Brown Drop or Measuring Worm, Eudalimia subsignaria. The English sparrow rid us of this nuisance; it eat every one of them. This Measuring Worm sought refuge in the cities from the birds which attacked it, and kept it down in the country. In the cities the birds were less plentiful and, this check being removed, they throve exceedingly.

On Sleep†

PROFESSOR HUMPHRY commenced his lecture by giving a brief account of some of the changes that take place in the tissues when their function is active, and explained that during this time a slight deterioration of structure takes place, which, affecting the voluntary system, the muscles and hemispheres of the brain, causes the sense of tiring, and necessitates a period of rest for the restoration of the tissues to their former condition. In the case of the muscles this rest is provided for by periods, quickly alternating periods, of action and cessation of action. But in the case of the brain, the actions upon which consciousness, volition, &c., depend cannot be thus frequently suspended. Their continuance is needed for the safety of the body during long periods, through the whole day, for instance; and longer periods are therefore required for repair. These are the periods of sleep.

On a new fulminating mercury

We learn from the introduction to this paper, that mercury, and most, if not all, its oxides, may, by treatment with nitric acid and alcohol, be converted into a crystallized compound, possessing all the inflammable properties of gunpowder, as well as many others peculiar to itself. After stating the gradual steps by which he arrived at this discovery, Mr. Howard describes the following process and manipulations, which he found best calculated for producing this powder. One hundred grains, or a greater proportional quantity, of quicksilver, are to be dissolved with heat in a measured ounce and a half of nitric acid. This solution being poured cold upon two measured ounces of alcohol, a moderate heat is to be applied, until an effervescence is excited. A white fume then begins to undulate on the surface of the liquor, and the powder will be gradually precipitated Upon the cessation of action and re-action. This precipitate is to be immediately collected on a filter, well washed with distilled water, and carefully dried in a heat not much exceeding that of a water-bath. This immediate edulcoration of the powder is material, it being liable to the re-action of the nitric acid, which, while any of that acid adheres to it, renders it subject to the influence of light. The quantity of the powder produced varies according to the nature of the ingredients; 100 grains of quicksilver yielding from 120 to 132 grains of the compound.