Cesium In Water Research Articles

A Highly Sensitive and Selective Optical Sensor for the On-Line Detection of Cesium in Water.

In this study, we have undertaken the development of two fluorescent sensors based on calixarene compounds for the purpose of detecting cesium in water. By introducing the sulfonate functional groups, we have considerably improved the water solubility of sensors, enabling complete dissolution of products in aqueous media and direct analysis of polluted water samples. Through rigorous experiments, we have demonstrated that the complexation of Cs+ ions with sensors 1 and 2 in water leads to a remarkable enhancement of fluorescence. This fluorescence enhancement serves as a reliable indication of cesium presence and allows for sensitive detection. To further advance the practical application of our sensors, we have successfully integrated calixarene sensors 1 and 2 into a microfluidic sensor chip. This integration has enabled real-time, on-line measurements and has resulted in the development of a portable detection device capable of detecting cesium ions in water samples at parts per billion (ppb) levels. This device holds great promise for environmental monitoring and assessment, providing a convenient and efficient solution for cesium detection. Our work represents a significant advancement in the field of cesium detection, displaying the efficacy of calixarene-based fluorescent sensors and their integration into microfluidic systems. The enhanced water solubility, fluorescence response, and portability of our detection device offers tremendous potential for applications in environmental monitoring, water quality assessment, and emergency response scenarios where rapid and accurate cesium detection is crucial.

Fabrication of self-assembled Prussian blue graphene hydrogel for highly selective removal of radioactive cesium in water: Adsorption study

This paper reports a simple and cost-effective method for fabrication of a 3D porous and redox-active Prussian blue-graphene (PBG) hydrogel using ferrous ions to reduce graphene oxide sheets. The hydrogel was obtained via sonication for 5 min only at a low temperature of 40 °C without the need of purification or centrifugation. The hydrogel exhibited high selectivity for cesium ions due to the cubic framework of iron centers bound by cyanide bridges, which allows for intercalation of additional cations. The hydrogel's centered-cubic phase of Prussian blue was confirmed through XRD, and its existence was demonstrated through FTIR and XPS. The BET surface area measurements revealed that the composite's adsorptive surface area increased as compared to magnetic PBGO. Furthermore, the hydrogel's adsorption potential for cesium ions increased to 4.67 mmol/g (621.11 mg/g) compared to the previous work, fitting well with the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Moreover the optimal values for temperature and pH for cesium ions removal were found to be 30 °C and neutral, respectively.

Monitoring of radionuclides in water for human consumption in the county of Angra dos Reis

The radiological impact for members of the population living in Angra dos Reis- RJ was assessed using environmental monitoring data from radium, lead, uranium, thorium and cesium in water for human consumption. For this, were collected and analyzed by radiometry (134Cs and 137Cs), radiochemical (226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb) and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (238U and 232Th). From the results, it was observed that the concentrations found were lower than the values established by CONAMA, WHO and the Ministry of Health. It was concluded that the presence of these radionuclides in the collected waters is natural and with levels that are not harmful to health.

Removal of Cesium in Water Using Novel Composites Synthesized Nano-Sized Prussian Blue with Carbonyl Iron

Among the various radioactive materials, Cesium is a major source of radioactive contamination and known to be the most dangerous radioactive material, can cause enormous damage to the ecosystem environment when released into the environment. Prussian Blue (PB) has been used as an adsorbent to effectively remove cesium, however it has the problem of being difficult to separate in water. In this study, carbonyl iron (CI) which is known as ferromagnetic synthesized with precursor of PB (FeCl₃ and potassium ferricyanide) to solve the problem of PB particles. Adsorption isotherm experiments were also conducted to evaluate the cesium removal ability of the manufactured novel composites. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the novel composite has a cesium removal rate of 99.88% and a distribution coefficient value of 124,900 mL/g. Adsorption behavior follows Langmuir isotherms and the maximum adsorption amount is (qm) 79.3 mg/g. In conclusion, Nano-sized Prussian blue with carbonyl Iron prepared through this study has excellent cesium removal capacity, and it can be completely separated from water when used directly in the cesium treatment field.

Novel self assembled magnetic Prussian blue graphene based aerogel for highly selective removal of radioactive cesium in water

A novel self-assembled Magnetic Prussian Blue/Reduced Graphene Oxide (3D-MPBRGO) aerogel was prepared by an easy and cost effective process for elimination of radioactive Cesium from contaminated aqueous solution selectively. The 3D-MPBRGO displayed excellent adsorption capability of 3.64 mmol per g or (484.12 mg/g) for Cs (initial 50 mM cesium concentration, pH 7 and 30 °C) and quick separation from solution by applying magnetic field as compared to previously published results for graphene based adsorbents. This excellent removal efficiency of nanocomposite can be ascribed to enlarged adsorbent surface area (402.68 m2/g) and uniform distribution of nanoparticles on RGO which removes aggregation of sheets as well. The thermodynamic analysis displayed exothermic and spontaneous nature of Cs ion adsorption. The experimental data of adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir isotherm model than that of Tempkin and Freundlich while adsorption kinetics followed pseudo second order.

Poly (β-cyclodextrin)/bentonite composite: synthesis mechanism and adsorption property for cesium in water

A poly(β-Cyclodextrin)/bentonite composite (β-CD/BNC) were characterized by N2–BET measurement, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Its synthesis mechanism of graft polymerisation was expounded. The maximum sorption capacities of Cs+ onto β-CD/BNC in absence and presence of Cl− and CO32− were 48.83 mg g−1, 48.90 mg g−1, and 46.19 mg g−1, respectively. The effect of Cl− and CO32− on Cs+ adsorption was not obvious. β-CD/BNC displayed good stability and reusability. The main adsorption mechanism of cesium by β-CD/BNC was ion exchange, and the surface coordination was subordinated mechanism.

Hybrid porous magnetic bentonite-chitosan beads for selective removal of radioactive cesium in water.

Easy-to-obtain magnetic bentonite-chitosan hybrid beads (Bn-CTS) were prepared by immobilizing bentonite within a porous structure of chitosan beads to achieve a hybrid adsorption effect for the removal of cesium ion (Cs+) from water. The hybrid adsorbent, which had a porous structure and abundant binding sites contributed by both chitosan and bentonite, ensured superb adsorption characteristics. The paramagnetic character of the beads enabled their facile separation for recycling. The chitosan/bentonite ratio, pH and contact time were optimized to achieve the optimal Cs+ efficiency, and the adsorption kinetics and isotherms were thoroughly discussed. The adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second-order model, and the best fitted equation for equilibrium data was the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the bentonite-chitosan beads was 57.1 mg g-1. The adsorbent had excellent selectivity towards Cs+ adsorption in the presence of abundant cations (Li+, Na+, K+ and Mg2+). The adsorbent was able to be recycled by treating the beads with 0.1 mol L-1 of MgCl2 to quantitatively desorb Cs+ from the beads. Overall, the magnetic bentonite-chitosan beads can be used as a highly efficient adsorbent for radioactive waste disposal and management.

Development of Filter-Type Adsorbent Containing Prussian Blue for Adsorption of Cesium in Aqueous Phase

This study aims to develop filter-type absorbent material containing Prussian blue in order to selectively absorb and remove cesium in water. Polyvinyl alcohol sponges (PVA) and cellulose filters (CF) were selected as supporting materials for Prussian blue. Three preparation methods of chemical (A), chemical/physical (B) and physical (C) were selected to immobilize Prussian blue on the material. As a result, the optimum synthesis method is a chemical/ physical method, and PVA was more suitable as a supporting material due to its porous nature. The morphology of the selected PVA-B material was investigated by scanning with an electron microscope, and it was confirmed that Prussian blue had formed in the pores of PVA. Isothermal absorption experiments were carried out to evaluate cesium absorption behaviors. The Freundlich isotherm absorption model showed a better fit with experimental results, which confirms that physical absorption and multi-layer absorption were dominant. The maximum absorption amount was calculated as 1.637 mg/g. Although the maximum absorption amount of cesium was not superior, it is considered to be an economical material suitable for mass production because of simplicity of synthesis and low manufacturing cost. Key words: Prussian Blue, Cesium, Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge, Cellulose Filter

Anthropogenic stable cesium in water and sediment of a shallow estuary, St. Louis Bay, Mississippi

St. Louis Bay (SLB), Mississippi, is a small, shallow estuary with moderate local residential and industrial development. Dissolved, stable Cs (i.e., 133Cs) was significantly enriched in bay waters (up to 1570 nM) as compared to river (<1 nM) and ocean waters (2.3 nM). A TiO2 refinery, located on the north shore of the bay, is the likely source of the Cs, given that the highest Cs concentrations were found in waters and in surface sediments (up to 49 μg/g) near the refinery outfall. This setting presented a unique opportunity to study remobilization of Cs in a shallow estuarine system, where sediment resuspension is frequent. Remobilization (up to ∼3 fold increase) of dissolved Cs was observed during sediment resuspension events. A weak correlation between Cs and clay %; strong correlations among Cs, silt % and particulate organic carbon (POC); and simple numerical approaches indicate that desorption from resuspended particulate matter is the likely mechanism of Cs remobilization. Cs-enriched SLB waters can be traced to nearshore Mississippi Sound waters, but not into Mississippi Bight waters further offshore. The findings from this study also suggest that caution needs to be taken when interpreting the radio-cesium distribution in shallow estuarine and coastal systems.

In situ controllable synthesis of magnetic Prussian blue/graphene oxide nanocomposites for removal of radioactive cesium in water

A simple procedure at room temperature using non-toxic and cost-effective precursors has been developed to prepare magnetic Prussian blue/graphene oxide (PB/Fe3O4/GO) nanocomposites for the removal of radioactive cesium in water. Taking advantage of the combined benefits of GO and magnetic PB nanoparticles, PB/Fe3O4/GO nanocomposites exhibit excellent removal efficiency (over 90% for 50 ppm Cs+) and rapid separation from an aqueous solution by an external magnetic field. In addition, the adsorption behavior of these adsorbents fits well with the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Sorption of 70.25% Cs+ to PB/Fe3O4/GO was finished in less than 30 min, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 55.56 mg g−1. The improved adsorption efficiency and capacity of PB/Fe3O4/GO can be attributed to the anchoring technology, which reduced the aggregation of nanoparticles and increased the effective adsorption surface of the adsorbent. These nanocomposites present a high selectivity to Cs+ and extract it in trace amounts. The removal mechanism of Cs+ was revealed for the first time to be H+-exchange and/or ion trapping. The temperature and pH value both affect the sorption performance. The composites were stable in natural water, seawater, and acidic/basic solutions ranging from pH = 4 (HNO3) to 10 (NaOH) with negligible leaching of Fe.

Factors affecting interaction of radiocesium with freshwater solids

The paper aims at the analysis of principal factors affecting the interaction of radiocesium with freshwater solids, important for the migration of radiocesium in rivers. Uptake of radiocesium by bottom sediments and suspended solids from small streams was studied as a function of pH and composition of aqueous phase, of the concentration of cesium in water and of the composition of freshwater solids, using laboratory model experiments. pH had negligible effect on the uptake in the pH range 5–9, the uptake decreased at pH values less than 3–5 depending on the nature and concentration of the solids. Addition of cations suppressed the uptake in the order K+>Na+>Ca2+, the suppression began at 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mol.dm−3 concentration, respectively. Increase in cesium concentration in water caused a decrease of radiocesium uptake, but at very low concentrations of cesium combined with higher concentration of sediment (2g·dm−3) the uptake was independent of cesium concentration. Removal of carbonates, oxidic coatings and organic matter from a sediment did not affect the sorption properties of the sediment. The nature of the effects found confirms that cesium is sorbed mainly by clay components of freshwater solids. Results obtained are compared with literature data and conclusions are drawn on the importance of the factors studied for modelling of radiocesium migration in rivers.

Determination of Low Concentrations of Radioactive Cesium in Water

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Low Concentrations of Radioactive Cesium in WaterBernd. Kahn, D. K. Smith, and C. P. StraubCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 8, 1210–1213Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60128a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (538 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts