Cervical Tumor Size Research Articles

Treatment outcome of anaplastic thyroid cancer patients in Vietnam (period 2014-2022).

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an endocrine tumor with low incidence and one of the most aggressive human malignancies. The median survival is only 3-10 months, and the optimal therapeutic approach as well as prognostic factors have not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival and good prognostic factors of patients with ATC. The retrospective study used our institution's single-center database system. 31 patients with histopathological confirmation of anaplastic thyroid cancer from January 2014 to June 2022 were included. 31 patients with ATC [11 males (35.5%), 20 females (64.5%); average age, 58.7 years] were identified, 32.3% were stage IVA, 32.3% stage IVB, and 35.4% IVC. The median overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 6.9 ± 1.45 months. The OS at two years was 12.1%. The female with no cervical lymph node metastasis, undergoing surgery, and tumor size < 6 cm were associated with improved OS. Patients undergoing surgery followed by chemoradiation therapy had the highest median OS (11 ± 1.83 months) and 21.8% of 2-year survival. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor. Patients receiving surgical resection had better OS than patients without these treatments. The combination of surgery and chemoradiation could improve OS.

Predictors of cervical tumour size for outpatients with cervical cancer at the University of Gondar referral hospital: a retrospective study design

BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the most serious threats to women's lives. Modelling the change in tumour size over time for outpatients with cervical cancer was the study's main goal.MethodsA hospital conducted a retrospective cohort study with outpatients who had cervical cancer. The information about the tumour size was taken from the patient's chart and all patient data records between May 20, 2017, and May 20, 2021. The data cover 322 cervical cancer outpatients' basic demographic and medical information. When analysing longitudinal data, the linear mixed effect model and the connection between tumour sizes in outpatients were taken into consideration. A linear mixed model, a random intercept model, and a slope model were used to fit the data.ResultA sample of 322 cervical cancer outpatients was examined, and 148 (or 46% of the outpatients) tested positive for HIV. The linear mixed model with a first-order autoregressive covariance structure revealed that a change in time of one month led to a 0.009 cm2 reduction in tumour size. For every kilogramme more in weight, the tumour size change in cervical cancer patients decreased considerably by 0.0098 cm2. The tumour size change in the cervical cancer patient who was HIV-positive was 0.4360 cm squared greater than that in the HIV-negative outpatients.ConclusionAs a consequence, there was a significant association between the longitudinal change in tumour size and the predictor variables visit time, therapy, patient weight, cancer stage, HIV, oral contraceptive use, history of abortion, and smoking status.

The trend of change in cervical tumor size and time to death of hospitalized patients in northwestern Ethiopia during 2018-2022: Retrospective study design.

Cervical cancer is the fourthmost common cause of cancer-related death in the world. The objective of this study was to determine factors that affect the longitudinal change of tumor size and the time to death of outpat. A retrospective follow-up study was carried out among 322 randomly selected patients with cervical cancer at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital from May 15,2018 to May 15,2022. Data were extracted from the patient's chart from all patients' data records. Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, the Cox proportional-hazard model, and the joint model for the two response variables simultaneously were used. Among 322 outpatients with cervical cancer, 148 (46%) of them were human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) positive and 107 (33.3%) of them died. The results of joint and separate models showthat there is an association between survival and the longitudinal data in the analysis; it indicates that there is a dependency between longitudinal terms of cervical tumor size and time-to-death events. A unit centimeter square rise in tumor size, corresponding to an exp(0.8502) = 2.34 times, significantly raised the mortality risk. The study showed that HIV, stage of cancer, treatment, weight, history of abortion, oral contraceptive use, smoking status, and visit time were statistically significant factors for the two outcomes jointly. As a result, adequate health services and adequate resource allocations are critical for cervical cancer control and prevention programs. Therefore, the government should provide adequate funding and well-trained health professionals to hospitals to sustainscreening programs with appropriate coverage of cervical cancer patient treatments.

Carbon nanoparticle tracing of sentinel lymph nodes in diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer and clinical value of lymph node ultrastaging detection

To evaluate the clinical value of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection using carbon nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer and the value of lymph node pathological ultrastaging detection. A total of 79 patients with cervical cancer in IA2, IB1, IB2, IIA1 and IIICp1 stages admitted to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital between June, 2018 and January, 2021 were included in this study. During the operation, the patients were injected with a total of 0.25 mL carbon nanoparticles at 3 and 9 o'clock of the normal cervix after general anesthesia. The first black-dyed lymph nodes were identified as SLNs and removed one by one. All the patients underwent pelvic lymph node dissection and radical hysterectomy with or without para-aortic lymphadenectomy. The black-dyed SLNs were removed for routine pathological examination. Thirty patients with negative SLNs were randomly selected for pathological ultrastaging. In 67 of the 79 patients, a total of 417 SLNs were detected with a detection rate of 84.8%; in each patient, at least 1 SLN was detected with a mean SLN number of 5.28. After the operation, 5 patients were found to have positive SLNs; 1 patient was negative for SLN but positive for non-SLN. The sensitivity of SLN biopsy was 83.3% with a specificity of 100%, false negative rate of 16.7%, an accuracy of 98.5% and a negative predictive value of 98.4%. SLN was distributed mainly in the obturator region, the external iliac region, the internal iliac region and the total iliac region (15.11%). Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that preoperative cervical coning (P=0.045 and 0.009) and tumor size (P=0.033 and 0.008) significantly affected the overall detection rate of SLN. Kappa test showed a high consistency between SLN and pelvic lymph node metastasis status (Kappa value=0.901, P < 0.001). In 30 patients with negative pathological results of SLN, pathological ultrastaging detection identified no micrometastases or isolated tumor cells. Carbon nanoparticle tracing of the SLNs is safe and feasible in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, and SLN detection is safe in patients with primary lesion size below 2 cm or without cervical conization. SLN combined with pathological ultrastaging detection does not improve the detection rate of isolated tumor cells or micrometastases.

Vaginosonography versus MRI in Pre-Treatment Evaluation of Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: An Old Tool for a New Precision Approach?

This study aims to analyze the sensitivity of vaginosonography (VGS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative local evaluation of early-stage cervical cancers and to assess their accuracy in the detection of tumors, size of the lesions and stromal invasion by comparing them with the final histopathology report. This single-center study included 56 consecutive patients with cervical cancer who underwent VGS and MRI from November 2012 to January 2021. VGS significantly overestimated the lesion size by 2.7 mm (p = 0.002), and MRI underestimated it by 1.9 mm (p = 0.11). Both MRI and VGS had a good concordance with the pathology report (Cohen's kappa of 0.73 and 0.81, respectively). However, MRI had a false-negative rate (38.1%) that was greater than VGS (0%) in cases of cervical tumor size &lt;2 cm. We found a good concordance between histology and VGS in the stromal infiltration assessment, with 89% sensitivity (95% CI 0.44-0.83) and 89% specificity (95% CI 0.52-0.86). VGS is a simple, inexpensive, widely available, and fast execution method that can complement ultrasound in particular cases and show a good correlation with MRI in the assessment of tumor dimensions, with a better performance in detecting small tumors (&lt;2 cm).

Cervical conization before primary radical hysterectomy has a protective effect on disease recurrence in early cervical cancer: A two-center matched cohort study according to surgical approach

ObjectiveTo ascertain whether cervical conization before radical hysterectomy (RH) has a protective effect on survival outcomes in early cervical cancer, taking into account the surgical approach. MethodsFrom cervical cancer cohorts of two institutions, we identified node-negative, margin-negative, parametria-negative, 2009 FIGO stage IB1 cervical cancer patients who received primary Type C RH between July 2006 and June 2020. Patients were divided into conization group (n = 144) and control group (n = 434). We conducted three independent 1:1 propensity score matching processes for histology, lymphovascular space invasion, cervical tumor size, and surgical approach (all patients, those who underwent open surgery, and those who underwent minimally invasive surgery [MIS]). Survival outcomes were compared. ResultsOverall, the conization group had less cervical tumor size and received MIS more frequently (P = 0.010) and adjuvant treatment less often (P = 0.002) versus the controls. After matching, the conization group showed significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) versus control (3-year DFS rate, 94.2% vs. 86.3%; P = 0.012), but similar overall survival. Among the open RH matched patients (n = 96), no difference in DFS was observed between the conization and control groups (P = 0.984). In contrast, among the MIS RH matched patients (n = 192), the conization group showed significantly better DFS versus control (3-year DFS rate, 95.7% vs. 82.9%; P = 0.005). In multivariate analysis adjusting for cervical tumor size and adjuvant treatment, conization was identified as an independent favorable prognostic factor for DFS (adjusted HR, 0.318; 95% CI, 0.134–0.754; P = 0.009). ConclusionsPreoperative cervical conization might reduce the disease recurrence rate in early cervical cancer patients who undergo primary MIS RH.

Oncologic outcomes of minimally invasive versus open radical hysterectomy for early stage cervical carcinoma and tumor size

ObjectiveTo investigate the oncologic outcomes of patients with early-stage cervical carcinoma and tumor size <2 cm who underwent open or minimally invasive radical hysterectomy.MethodsThe Pubmed/Medline, Embase, and Web-of-Science databases were...

Association of Insurance Status and Cervical Cancer Tumor Size in the United States [22H

INTRODUCTION: Health disparity based on insurance status has been of great attention recently. We sought to study the association of insurance status with cervical cancer tumor size at the time of diagnosis. METHODS: The US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was accessed (1973-2016). Since the variable “Tumor Size Summary” was available only for the year of 2016, data for cervical cancer in 2016 in the United States were extracted using the case-listing procedure. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-Square/Fisher’s exact test, and regression analyses were performed as appropriate. Statistical analyses were done using SEER*Stat 8.3.5 and R 3.6.1. RESULTS: Total of 3276 subjects with cervical cancer was included in this study; 155 subjects (4.7%) were uninsured. The rate for Non-Hispanic black (20.6% vs. 12.3%) and Hispanic (51.6% vs. 24.5%) race/ethnicity, Unmarried status (61.3% versus 54.8%) were higher in uninsured group (P&lt;.05 for all). Before and after appropriate adjustments (for age, race/ethnicity, marital status and Medicaid-eligibility based on age &gt;65) tumor sizes at the time of diagnosis [50 mm (28, 69) vs. 38 mm (15, 60); P=.04] was found to be larger in the uninsured group. CONCLUSION: Being uninsured is associated with having a larger tumor at the time of diagnosis of cervical cancer. An increase in insurance coverage and access to cancer screening for all women is essential.

Tumour and pelvic lymph node metabolic activity on FDG-PET/CT to stratify patients for para-aortic surgical staging in locally advanced cervical cancer.

The aim of our study was to comprehensively evaluate the most valuable metabolic parameters of cervical tumours and pelvic lymph nodes (PLN) by FDG-PET/CT to predict para-aortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis and stratify patients for surgical staging. The study included patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, negative PALN uptake on preoperative FDG-PET/CT, and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Two senior nuclear medicine physicians expert in gynaecologic oncology reviewed all PET/CT exams, and extracted tumour SUVmax, MTV, and TLG, as well as PLN. Prognostic parameters of PALN involvement were identified using ROC curves and logistic regression analysis. One hundred and twenty-five consecutive locally advanced cervical cancer patients were included. The FDG-PET/CT false-negative rate was, respectively, 27.7% (13/47) and 5.1% (4/78) in patients with and without FDG-PET/CT PLN uptake. The AUC of cervical tumour size, SUVmax, MTV, and TLG was, respectively, 0.75 (0.62-0.87), 0.59 (0.44-0.76), 0.75 (0.60-0.90), and 0.71 (0.56-0.86). The AUC of PLN size, SUVmax, SUVmean, PLN SUVmax/Tumour SUVmax ratio, MTV, and TLG was, respectively, 0.57 (0.37-0.78), 0.82 (0.68-0.95), 0.77 (0.61-0.94), 0.85 (0.72-0.98), 0.69 (0.51-0.87), and 0.74 (0.57-0.91). The metabolic parameter showing the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity to predict PALN involvement was the ratio between PLN and tumour SUVmax. The risk of PALN metastasis in FDG-PET/CT negative PLN patients is very low, so para-aortic lymphadenectomy does not seem justified. In patients with preoperative PLN uptake on FDG-PET/CT, surgical staging led to treatment modification in more than 25% of cases and should therefore be performed. Patients with more than one positive PLN and high PLN metabolic activity are at high risk of para-aortic extension and recurrence. Further prospective evaluation is required to consider intensified treatment modalities without prior PALN dissection.

Experience with concurrent chemoradiotherapy treatment in advanced cervical cancer: results from a hospital in Argentina.

ObjectiveTo describe our experience with concurrent chemoradiotherapy using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy with weekly cisplatin in the treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.MethodsForty-three patients were identified between January 2009 and December 2015. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and data on patient characteristics, tumour, treatment and toxicities were collected and analysed.ResultsThe median age was 45 years (interquartile range (IQR): 26) The median tumour size was 45 mm (IQR: 20). Thirty-eight patients (88%) had a cervical tumour with a size of ≥ 40 mm. The median cervical tumour size evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was 52 mm (IQR: 17). Twenty-two patients (51%) had enlarged lymph nodes on MRI (≥ 10 mm). MRI demonstrated the involvement of the parametrium in 29 patients (67%). Fifteen patients had positive para-aortic nodes (36%). The median total treatment time was 58 days (IQR: 20). Sixteen patients (39%) received extended-field radiotherapy. Cisplatin was administered simultaneously for a median of five courses. The median follow-up period was 32 months (IQR: 28 months). Grade 3 acute toxicity was observed at the gastrointestinal level in seven patients (16%). Late grade 3/4 toxicity was observed in 14 patients (33%). Seven patients (16%) persisted with the disease and five died. The local relapse rate was 9%. Eleven patients underwent a hysterectomy after treatment. The disease-free interval was 24.2 months. The 2-year global survival rate was 82.9%.ConclusionConcurrent chemo-radiotherapy appears to be an effective regimen, with acceptable toxicity, for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.

Sentinel lymph node detection rates using indocyanine green in women with early-stage cervical cancer

ObjectiveOur study objective was to determine feasibility and mapping rates using indocyanine green (ICG) for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in early-stage cervical cancer. MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of all women who underwent SLN mapping with ICG during primary surgical management of early-stage cervical cancer by robotic-assisted radical hysterectomy (RA-RH) or fertility-sparing surgery. Patients were treated at two high-volume centers from 10/2012 to 02/2016. Completion pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed after SLN biopsy; additionally, removal of clinically enlarged/suspicious nodes was part of the SLN treatment algorithm. ResultsThirty women with a median age of 42.5 and BMI of 26.5 were included. Most (90%) had stage IB disease, and 67% had squamous histology. RA-RH was performed in 86.7% of cases. One patient underwent fertility-sparing surgery. Median cervical tumor size was 2.0cm. At least one SLN was detected in all cases (100%), with bilateral mapping achieved in 87%. SLN detection was not impacted by tumor size and was most commonly identified in the hypogastric (40.3%), obturator (26.0%), and external iliac (20.8%) regions. Five cases of lymphatic metastasis were identified (16.7%): three in clinically enlarged SLNs, one in a clinically enlarged non-SLN, and one case with cytokeratin positive cells in an SLN. All metastatic disease would have been detected even if full lymphadenectomy had been omitted from our treatment algorithm, ConclusionsSLN mapping with ICG is feasible and results in high detection rates in women with early-stage cervical cancer. Prospective studies are needed to determine if SLN mapping can replace lymphadenectomy in this setting.

Peritoneal cytology in endometrial cancer.

To investigate whether positive peritoneal cytology (PPC) has an effect on expected survival in endometrial cancer and to present factors that affect PPC occurrence. Patient chart information of 224 patients who had been treated at the Ankara Oncology Education and Research Hospital due to endometrial cancer between 1996 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Factors that were likely to have an effect on peritoneal fluid cytology in all patients, such as age, histologic type, grade, myometrial invasion, cervical invasion, tumor size, and lymphatic metastasis, were analyzed. We observed peritoneal cytology, grade, myometrial invasion, cervical stromal invasion, tumor size, and lymphatic metastasis to have a significant effect on survival. Cytology was positive in 20 of 224 patients (8.9%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant effect on PPC occurrence of myometrial invasion, cervical stromal invasion, tumor size, histologic type, and lymphatic metastasis. Positive peritoneal cytology has a significant effect on survival in endometrial cancer. Positive peritoneal cytology occurrence is influenced by myometrial invasion, cervical stromal invasion, tumor size, histologic type, and lymphatic metastasis.

Overexpression of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR predicts a poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer.

The long noncoding RNA HOTAIR has been reported to be a good biomarker for poor prognosis in a variety of human cancers. However, whether HOTAIR could serve as novel biomarker to predict prognosis in cervical cancer or not is unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of HOTAIR in cervical cancers and to investigate the relationship between this lncRNA expression levels and existing clinicopathological factors and patient survival. We examined the expression of HOTAIR in 218 cervical cancer tissues and matched 218 adjacent normal tissues using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and analyzed its correlation with the clinical parameters. The results showed that HOTAIR expression in cervical cancer tissues was significantly upregulated compared with the matched nontumorous tissues (P < 0.0001). Increased HOTAIR expression was significantly correlated with FIGO stage (P < 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001), depth of cervical invasion (P < 0.0001), tumor size (P = 0.006) and age (P = 0.020), but not other clinical characteristics. Moreover, cervical cancer patients with HOTAIR higher expression have shown significantly poorer overall survival (P < 0.0001) and disease-free survival (P < 0.0001) than those with lower HOTAIR expression. Univariate (P < 0.0001, HR = 4.566, 95 % CI 2.122-9.825) and multivariate (P = 0.012, HR = 2.863, 95 % CI 1.263-76.490). Cox regression analyses showed that HOTAIR expression served as an independent predictor for overall survival. our data indicate that high expression of HOTAIR is involved in cervical cancer progression and could be a potential target for diagnosis and gene therapy.

The effect of extent of surgery and number of lymph node metastases on overall survival in patients with medullary thyroid cancer.

Total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection is recommended in patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). However, the relationship between disease severity and extent of resection on overall survival remains unknown. The aim of the study was to identify the effect of surgery on overall survival in MTC patients. Using data from 2968 patients with MTC diagnosed between 1998 and 2005 from the National Cancer Database, we determined the relationship between the number of cervical lymph node metastases, tumor size, distant metastases, and extent of surgery on overall survival in patients with MTC. Older patient age (5.69 [95% CI, 3.34-9.72]), larger tumor size (2.89 [95% CI, 2.14-3.90]), presence of distant metastases (5.68 [95% CI, 4.61-6.99]), and number of positive regional lymph nodes (for ≥16 lymph nodes, 3.40 [95% CI, 2.41-4.79]) were independently associated with decreased survival. Overall survival rate for patients with cervical lymph nodes resected and negative, cervical lymph nodes not resected, and 1-5, 6-10, 11-16, and ≥16 cervical lymph node metastases was 90, 76, 74, 61, 69, and 55%, respectively. There was no difference in survival based on surgical intervention in patients with tumor size ≤ 2 cm without distant metastases. In patients with tumor size > 2.0 cm and no distant metastases, all surgical treatments resulted in a significant improvement in survival compared to no surgery (P < .001). In patients with distant metastases, only total thyroidectomy with regional lymph node resection resulted in a significant improvement in survival (P < .001). The number of lymph node metastases should be incorporated into MTC staging. The extent of surgery in patients with MTC should be tailored to tumor size and distant metastases.

BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma: Predictive value for long-term prognosis and radioiodine sensitivity

BRAF pV600E mutation is the most common oncogenic event and the most specific mutation for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Many studies over the last decade have shown a direct relationship between BRAF mutation and aggressive tumour characteristics, resulting in poor prognosis. However, several recent studies have suggested that BRAF mutation is not associated with poor prognosis of PTC. The present study was designed to evaluate the association between BRAF mutation with clinicopathological factors and tumour recurrence. In this retrospective study, BRAF mutation status was examined by direct sequencing on paraffin-embedded tumour specimens from 46 patients undergoing surgery for PTC in our institution from 1985 to 2000. The relationship between BRAF mutation and gender, advanced age, extrathyroid extension, multifocal tumour, cervical lymph node metastasis, tumour size and advanced pT stage of PTC and its predictive role for the risk of tumour recurrence were investigated with a median follow-up of 10.1 (±6.5)years. BRAF mutation was detected in 20 of the 46 patients (43.5%) included in the study. No statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the presence of BRAF mutation and the various clinicopathological factors studied. No significant difference in tumour recurrence rate or radioiodine sensitivity was observed between the two subgroups: mutant BRAF and wild-type BRAF. Although BRAF mutation appears to play a role in local tumour progression, it is not a risk factor for poor prognosis or tumour recurrence in PTC.

Application of color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosis for neck lymph node metastatic tumor

Objective To evaluate the applicated value of color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosis for neck lymph node metastatic tumor.Methods A retrospective analysis of 53 cases with metastatic tumors in cervical lymph nodes of two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonography features was taken out.Results The color Doppler ultrasound on cervical lymph node metastasis tumor location,shape,size and internal structural characteristics were observed,it is found that the characteristic change,provide reliable evidence for the clinical diagnosis.Conclusion The color Doppler ultrasound to cervical lymph node metastatic tumor has a high diagnostic value,can be used as the cervical lymph node metastatic tumor imaging examination of choice. Key words: Lymph nodes; Lymphatic metastasis; Ultrasonography,doppler,color

Signs and symptoms of parotid gland carcinoma and their prognostic value

The aim of this study was to analyse signs and symptoms present in patients with parotid gland carcinoma and to assess their prognostic value. A retrospective study of data from 131 patients who were treated surgically was performed. Evaluation of prognostic factors was possible in 109 patients who completed a minimum 5 year follow up. The most common sign and symptoms were parotid mass (96.9%), pain (40.4%), enlarged cervical lymph nodes (32.0%), facial nerve palsy (20.6%) and overlying skin infiltration (19.8%). In 20% of all cases there were no symptoms of tumour malignancy. The average duration of symptoms suggesting malignancy was 4 months. In univariate analysis, the strongest prognostic value was found for facial nerve palsy; it reduced nearly tenfold (9.7) the 5-year disease-free survival. The subsequent poor prognostic factors were: skin infiltration, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, tumour fixation and tumour size (>4cm). Pain and the dynamics of tumour growth were not statistically significant for survival rate. Significant difference in 5-year disease free survival rate was found between the groups of patients, according to the number of symptoms suggesting malignancy. The multivariate analysis showed that only facial nerve palsy and skin infiltration were independent prognostic factors.

A prospective study of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy for uterine cervical carcinoma in Taiwan

ObjectiveSurgical therapy for cervical carcinoma carries a significant risk of functional impairment to the bladder. This study evaluates the feasibility and complications of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NRH) in Taiwan. MethodsBetween March 2010 and March 2011, consecutive patients diagnosed with early stage cervical cancer (FIGO stage Ia2 to Ib1) and tumor size < 3 cm were recruited prospectively to undergo NRH or conventional radical hysterectomy (RH). Patients with histories of urinary stress incontinence or bladder dysfunction disease were excluded. A modified Tokyo nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy was performed. ResultsA total of 30 patients were enrolled. Among these, 18 patients underwent NRH with successful bilaterally nerve-sparing procedures in 15 cases (83%), unilaterally nerve-sparing procedures in 2 cases (11%), and a failure in 1 case (6%). The indwelling catheter was removed on postoperative day 6. The mean±SD duration from operation to spontaneous voiding was 6.8±1.5 days for women who underwent NRH; the corresponding duration for women who underwent RH or failed NRH was 20.6±3 days. None of the patients who underwent NRH required intermittent catheterization. All 12 patients who underwent RH needed self-catheterization after discharge. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative self-catheterization (p<0.01) and bladder dysfunction (p<0.006). Average satisfaction score analyzed by the Likert-scale questionnaire was 4.5 for the NRH group and 1.9 for RH group (p<0.0001). ConclusionsWe concluded that the new technique of NRH can reduce postoperative bladder dysfunctions.

A clinicopathological aspect of primary small-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a single-centre study of 25 cases

AimsSmall-cell carcinoma is a variant of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. Primary small-cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC) is recognised as a rare and aggressive malignant tumour with poor prognosis. In...

Clinicopathologic Correlations Between Human Papillomavirus 16 Infection and Beclin 1 Expression in Human Cervical Cancer

Our earlier study showed that the autophagy gene Beclin 1 could affect cell proliferation in a cervical cancer HeLa cell line. In this study, we examined Beclin 1 protein expression in 81 specimens of cervical squamous carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, we detected E6 and E7 genes of human papillomavirus 16 in these tissues by polymerase chain reaction. Beclin 1 expression significantly decreased in samples of malignant cervical cancer tissues than in those of normal or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia tissues. The expression of Beclin 1 was associated with pelvic lymph node metastasis and histological grade, but did not correlate with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, age, depth of cervical infiltration, tumor size, and gross type of cervical lesion. The expression of Beclin 1 was not obviously correlated with E6 and E7 genes statistically. Therefore, decreased expression of Beclin 1 may be related to tumorigenesis and the development of cervical cancer, but is not significantly relevant with human papillomavirus 16 infection.