Cervical Range Of Motion Device Research Articles

Cervical Health Parameters in Car Drivers: Assessing the Influence of Driving on Neck Pain, Mobility, Proprioception and Craniovertebral Angle - A Cross-Sectional Study.

Prolonged sitting during driving is linked to neck pain, uncomfortable body positions, and repetitive motions. Recognizing these challenges, this study aimed to investigate Cervical Health Parameters in Car Drivers. The sample consisted of 160 car drivers between 25 and 45 years. This subject was then divided into two groups based on neck pain. Participants met the required criteria, such as being between 25-45 years of age, maintaining a BMI of 18-24, and driving for at least 2 hours each day for at least 3-5 years. To evaluate the results, we employed a clinometer and compass app on a smartphone to measure the Cervical Range of Motion (CROM). We used Surgimap software to estimate the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA), and a (Cervical range of motion) CROM device was used for proprioception assessment. The result shows the participants in neck pain group displayed lower Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) values than without neck Pain Group. Similarly, the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) was smaller in the neck Pain Group (mean difference of -6.3°), indicating a more forward head posture. Neck pain resulted in a mean difference of -4.5° in proprioception accuracy. This indicates that neck pain affects CROM, CVA, and proprioception in car drivers. Car driving significantly impacts cervical parameters in individuals with neck pain, reducing cervical range of motion, altered craniovertebral angle, and diminished proprioceptive accuracy. These findings emphasize the need for ergonomic interventions and proprioceptive training tailored for drivers. Future research should broaden demographic parameters and consider potential confounders to provide a holistic understanding of the relationship between car driving and neck health.

Evaluation of Forward Head Posture, Balance, and Risk for Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Objective: This study investigated the influence of fear of falling, forward head posture (FHP), cervical proprioception, dynamic balance, and sensory integration on fall risk in older adults. Methods: Thirty-one participants were evaluated using tests designed to detect fall risk. FHP was assessed using a cervical range of motion device and craniovertebral angle (CVA) measurement. Results: Independent t tests were significant for Sensory Organization Test conditions 2 (P = .031) and 5 (P = .043) for FHP versus non-FHP groups. Regression analysis revealed that CVA could predict 16.7% variance in fall risk. Conclusion: CVA is a practical measure for measuring FHP and identifying fall risk in older adults.

Comparison of breathing pattern and diaphragmatic motion in patients with unilateral cervical radiculopathy and asymptomatic group

BackgroundThe associations between neck pain and respiratory dysfunction were clarified in patients with neck pain. There is dearth of evidence on pulmonary dysfunction and diaphragmatic excursion in patients with unilateral cervical radiculopathy (CR). The purpose of this study was to compare the breathing pattern and diaphragmatic excursion in patients with unilateral CR with those in an asymptomatic group.MethodsTwenty-five patients with unilateral CR and 25 asymptomatic individuals aged between 30 and 55 participated in this study. Diaphragmatic motion, breathing pattern, active cervical range of motion and kinesiophobia were investigated in both groups by using fluoroscopy, manual assessment of respiratory motion (MARM), cervical range of motion device, and Tampa scale of kinesiophobia. Statistical significance was set at 0.05.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to sex, age and body mass index. The mean excursion of the hemi diaphragm on the involved side (the side of CR) was significantly lower than that on the uninvolved side in patients with unilateral CR with a large effect size. The excursion of the involved hemi diaphragm in patients was reduced compared to the matched hemi diaphragm in the control group. There was no significant difference between the hemi diaphragms excursion in the control group. The results of the MARM variables showed that the volume of breathing and the percentage rib cage motion in normal and deep breathing were significantly different between the two groups, but there was no significant difference in the balance of breathing between the two groups. Additionally, the active cervical range of motion was reduced in these patients in comparison to the control group, and it was less on the involved side than on the uninvolved side.ConclusionThe results of this study revealed a dysfunctional breathing pattern in normal and deep breathing and a unilateral reduction in diaphragmatic excursion on the side of radiculopathy in patients with unilateral CR compared to the control group.

Intrarater Reliability Of Cervical Range Of Motion Device Among Adults With And Without Chronic Non-Specific Neck Pain.

To evaluate the intrarater reliability of the cervical range of motion device among adults with and without chronic non-specific neck pain. The analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 at the Sindh Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Karachi, and comprised healthy adults with no neck pain in the preceding 6 months in Group A, and adults of either gender with chronic non-specific neck pain for >3 months in Group B. The two groups were further divided into age groups 21-30 years, 31-40 years and 41-50 years. A cervical range of motion device was used to measure the range of flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion and right and left rotation of all the subjects. The measurements were taken by a single tester on day-1 and day-3 to assess the intrarater reliability. Data was analysed using SPSS 26. Of the 60 subjects, there were 30(50%) in each of the two groups. Within the groups, there were 10(33.3%) subjects in each of the 3 age subgroups. Overall, there were 27(45%) males and 33(55%) females. In Group A, the intraclass correlation coefficient values for all cervical ranges were between 0.81 and 0.99, whereas in Group B, the values ranged from 0.64 to 0.88. The intraclass correlation coefficient values yielded good to excellent agreement in both groups (>0.75) except for left lateral flexion in Group B (p=0.64), and all the values were statistically significant (p<0.05). There was good to excellent intrarater reliability of cervical range of motion device in adults with and without chronic non-specific neck pain.

Immediate effect of craniocervical flexion exercise and Mulligan mobilisation in patients with mechanical neck pain- A randomised clinical trial.

Mechanical neck pain (MNP) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal pathologies in the present time. Physiotherapy management strategies comprising manual therapy and exercise therapy are routinely administered in patients with MNP. To compare the immediate effect of craniocervical flexion (CCF) exercise and Mulligan mobilisation on pain, active cervical range of motion (CROM) and CCF test performance in patients with MNP. This prospective, randomised, single-blinded study involved 26 patients with MNP (16 females; mean age; years) randomised to a single session of active CCF exercise (3 sets of 10 repetitions) or Mulligan mobilisation (3 sets of 6-10 repetitions). Pain intensity was measured on a numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), active CROM was measured using CROM device, and CCF test performance with surface electromyography (EMG) from bilateral sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and anterior scalene (AS) muscles recorded pre- and immediately post-intervention by an assessor blinded to the treatment groups. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyse between groups and Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyse within-group significance for pain and CROM, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel correlation test was used to analyse the CCF test performance on EMG from the bilateral SCM and AS muscles. Comparison between pre- and post-intervention readings revealed statistically significant within-group () and no between-group significant difference for pain, ROM, and CCF test performance, indicating both interventions were equally effective. Patients with MNP who received active CCF exercise or Mulligan mobilisation exhibited similar reduction in pain intensity and increased CROM and CCF test performance post-intervention. Surprisingly, AS surface EMG amplitudes were increased post-intervention in both groups warranting further exploration of its role in neck pain.

Mediation Effect of Kinesiophobia on the Relationship between Cervical Joint Position Sense and Limits of Stability in Individuals with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Mediation Analysis.

(1) Background: Individuals with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) may experience proprioceptive and balance impairments. Kinesiophobia is a factor that can mediate the relationship between cervical joint position sense (JPS) and limits of stability. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare the cervical JPS and limits of stability between FMS and asymptomatic individuals, (2) assess the relationship between cervical JPS and limits of stability, and (3) assess the mediation effect of kinesiophobia on the relationship between cervical JPS and limits of stability in FMS individuals. (2) Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 100 individuals with FMS and 100 asymptomatic individuals were recruited. Cervical JPS was assessed using a cervical range of motion device, limits of stability (reaction time, maximum excursion, and direction control) were assessed using dynamic posturography, and FMS individuals' kinesiophobia was assessed using the Tampa scale of kinesiophobia (TSK). Comparison, correlation, and mediation analyses were performed. (3) Results: The magnitude of the mean cervical joint position error (JPE) was significantly larger in FMS individuals (p < 0.001) compared to the asymptomatic individuals. The limits of the stability test showed that FMS individuals had a longer reaction time (F = 128.74) and reduced maximum excursion (F = 976.75) and direction control (F = 396.49) compared to the asymptomatic individuals. Cervical JPE showed statistically significant moderate-to-strong correlations with reaction time (r = 0.56 to 0.64, p < 0.001), maximum excursion (r = -0.71 to -0.74, p < 0.001), and direction control (r = -0.66 to -0.68, p < 0.001) parameters of the limits of the stability test. (4) Conclusions: Cervical JPS and limits of stability were impaired in FMS individuals, and the cervical JPS showed a strong relationship with limits of stability variables. Moreover, kinesiophobia mediated the relationship between JPS and limits of stability. These factors may be taken into consideration when evaluating and developing treatment strategies for FMS patients.

Efeito imediato da técnica de rotação cervical grau II na sensação de posição articular em indivíduos com e sem dor não específica

Introduction: Passive joint mobilisation in individuals with neck pain has recognised effectiveness in relieving pain and increasing joint range. However, there are few studies on its influence on proprioceptive capacity. Objective(s): To study the immediate effect of grade II cervical rotation technique on joint position sense in young adults with and without unilateral neck pain of non-specific origin. Methods: A double-blind quasi-experimental study was conducted in a convenience sample of 37 subjects (18-24, both sexes), divided into 2 groups: 22 pain-free and 15 with neck pain. The Cervical Range of Motion device was used to evaluate the active cervical joint position sense at 30⁰ of right and left rotation, before and immediately after the performance of Maitland’s joint cervical rotation grade II mobilisation technique (four mobilisations of 30 seconds each). The test was repeated six times for each side. The absolute and variable errors were calculated using the t-test for comparison between groups and moments, with a significance level of 5%. Results: Significant differences were observed only between groups in the variable error in left rotation after performing the technique, and between moments in the left and right rotation in the pain-free group. However, error magnitudes were equal to or less than 1⁰ on average. Conclusion: The grade II cervical rotation technique does not seem to produce clinically relevant immediate effects on repositioning accuracy and consistency, evaluated at 30⁰ of rotation.

Acute effects of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization technique on pain and joint position error in individuals with chronic neck pain: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial

Purpose/Aim The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of IASTM on cervical joint position error and pain in individuals with chronic neck pain. Methods A total of 39 individuals with chronic neck pain were included in this study. Participants were randomized into three groups: Instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization(IASTM (n = 13), sham (n = 13), and control (n = 13). In the IASTM group, intervention was applied to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles with an application time of 45 s and a frequency of 60 beats/min. In the sham group, IASTM was applied at a 90° angle without pressure. The control group did not receive any intervention. The pain severity and joint position error(JPE) were evaluated before and after the intervention, by using the visual analogue scale and a cervical range of motion device. Results The effects of time and treatment group on visual analogue scale(VAS) score were statistically significant (p = .001). Instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization was more effective in VAS score than sham and control group (p < .001). Significant improvement was found in JPE in all range of motions of the cervical region in the instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization group (p < .05). In the sham group, significant improvements were observed in cervical extension, left rotation, and left lateral flexion movements in JPE during each cervical spine active movement (p < .05). Instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization group was more effective in JPE all directions than sham and control group. Conclusions Instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization may be a useful technique in individuals with chronic neck pain. Instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization decreases VAS and improves JPE. Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT04882397 (05 August 2021).

Comparison of Cervical Joint Position Sense in Computer Users with Neck Pain, Forward Head Posture, Asymptomatic and Non-Computer Users – A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Purpose People use computers in offices and workplaces daily to perform different activities. Impaired cervical proprioception and forward head posture (FHP) may contribute to the development and maintenance of neck pain in computer users. The aims of this study are 1) to compare cervical joint position sense (JPS) in computer users with neck pain, with FHP, healthy computer users, and healthy non-computer users, 2) to assess the relationship between cervical JPS and age, BMI, pain, disability, head posture, and duration of computer usage. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included 134 subjects aged between 25 to 50 years old in four groups (Group 1: computer users with neck pain (n=31), group 2: computer users with FHP (n=33), Group 3: healthy computer users (n=35), and Group 4: healthy non-computer users (n=35). The cervical JPS was evaluated in flexion, extension left and right rotation directions using a cervical range of motion device. The reposition accuracy is estimated as joint position error (JPE) in degrees. The cervical JPS is compared between groups and correlated with age, BMI, pain, disability, head posture, and duration of computer usage. Results and Discussion The mean cervical JPE's were significantly larger in the neck pain group (p&lt;0.001) and in the FHP group (p&lt;0.001) compared to other groups. There were no significant differences in JPE's between healthy computer users and non-users (p.&gt;0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between JPE's and age, pain intensity, disability, and computer usage duration. Conclusion Computer users with neck pain and with FHP had significantly impaired cervical JPS. Factors like FHP, pain intensity, disability, and duration of computer usage may influence cervical JPS, and these factors can be considered when assessing and planning treatment strategies for computer professionals.

Intrarater reliability of cervical range of motion device in measuring cervical active range of motion in patients with chronic neck pain and respiratory dysfunction

Methodology: We enrolled 30 patients (14 males and 16 females) with chronic neck pain and respiratory dysfunction fulfilling inclusion criteria. Two trials of CAROM measurement for flexion, extension, left and right lateral flexion and left and right rotation were performed, with a gap of one week to measure test retest reliability of CROM device. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard errors of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated to test the intrarater reliability.&#x0D; Results: Intrarater reliability of repeated measurements of CAROM using the CROM device was found to be good. The ICC values ranged between 0.88-0.97 for flexion, 0.93-0.98 for extension, 0.92-0.98 for right lateral flexion,0.93-0.98 for left lateral flexion. For right rotation it was 0.88-0.97, for left lateral rotation it was 0.95-0.99. The standard error of measurement for these movements ranged from 1.5° to 2.9°. Minimal detectable change ranged from 3.5°for extension to 6.8°for left lateral flexion.&#x0D; Conclusion: Cervical range of motion device is a reliable tool for measuring cervical active range of motion in patients simultaneously suffering from chronic neck pain and respiratory dysfunction.&#x0D; Abbreviations: CAROM - cervical active range of motion; CROM - cervical range of motion; ICC - Intraclass correlation coefficient; SEM - standard errors of measurement; MDC - minimal detectable change&#x0D; Key words: Adult; Exercise Therapy / methods; Female; Humans; Male; Neck Pain / physiopathology; Neck Pain / therapy; Pain Measurement; Pulmonary function; Range of Motion, Articular; Reliability&#x0D; Citation: Anwar S, Arsalan SA, Zafar H, Ahmad A, Gillani SA, Hanif A. Intrarater reliability of cervical range of motion device in measuring cervical active range of motion in patients with chronic neck pain and respiratory dysfunction. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(4):503-509; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i4.1957&#x0D; Received: September 29, 2021; Reviewed: April 21, 2022; Accepted: May 10, 2022

Cervical Joint Position Sense in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Its Correlations With Glycated Hemoglobin Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare cervical joint position sense (JPS) between individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and healthy individuals and to assess the correlation between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values and cervical JPS in individuals with T2D. MethodsNinety-seven individuals with T2D (mean age: 59.0 ± 6.8 years; men = 63 [67.02%], women = 34 [32.98%], and 117 healthy individuals without T2D (mean age: 57.3 ± 6.9 years; men = 70 [79.80%], women = 44 [20.20%]) were recruited into this study. Cervical JPS was evaluated using a cervical range of motion device in cervical flexion, extension, and rotation in left and right directions. Participants were required to relocate their heads actively to a predefined target position with eyes closed, and their reposition accuracy was measured in degrees as joint reposition error (JRE). The HbA1c test was performed on all participants with T2D to determine their average blood sugar level over the previous 2 to 3 months. Cervical JREs were compared and correlated with HbA1c values. ResultsThe participants with T2D showed significantly larger cervical JREs in all directions compared with the healthy group (flexion: d = 1.23, P < .001; extension: d = 1.85, P < .001; left rotation: d = 1.70, P < .001; right rotation: d = 2.60, P < .001). Pearson correlation coefficient (r) showed significant moderate positive association between HbA1c and cervical JREs in flexion (r = 0.41, P = .001), extension (r = 0.48, P < .001), left rotation (r = 0.38, P < .001), and right rotation (r = 0.37, P < .001) in participants with T2D. ConclusionThe magnitude of cervical JPS impairment was significant in individuals with T2D. In addition, HbA1c levels showed a significant negative correlation with cervical JPS.

Comparison and correlation of cervical proprioception and muscle endurance in general joint hypermobility participants with and without non-specific neck pain-a cross-sectional study.

BackgroundCervical proprioception and muscle endurance are essential for maintaining cervical functional joint stability. Proprioception and muscle endurance may be impaired in those with general joint hypermobility (GJH). Examining these aspects is crucial. This study’s aims are to (1) compare the cervical joint position error (JPE) and muscle endurance holding capacities in GJH individuals with and without non-specific neck pain (NSNP) (2) to assess the relationship between hypermobility Beighton scores, cervical JPE’s, and muscle endurance in GJH individuals with and without NSNP.MethodsIn this cross-sectional comparative study, 33 GJH participants with NSNP (mean age 21.7 ± 1.8 years) and 35 asymptomatic participants GJH (mean age 22.42 ± 1.7 years) participated. Beighton’s score of ≥4 of 9 tests was used as criteria to diagnose GJH. Cervical JPEs were estimated in degrees using a cervical range of motion device, and muscle endurance (flexor and extensor) were estimated in seconds using a stopwatch.ResultsGJH participants with NSNP showed significantly larger cervical JPEs (p < 0.001) and decreased muscle endurance holding times (p < 0.001) compared to asymptomatic participants. Beighton hypermobility scores showed a significant moderate positive correlation with cervical JPEs (flexion: r = 0.43, p = 0.013), left rotation: r = 0.47, p = 0.005, right rotation: r = 0.57, p = 0.001) in NSNP individuals. Also, Beighton hypermobility scores showed a moderate negative correlation with muscle endurance in NSNP (flexor muscles: r = −0.40, p = 0.020, extensor muscles: r = −0.41, p = 0.020, and asymptomatic individuals (flexor muscles: −0.34, p = 0.045, extensor muscles: r = −0.45, p = 0.007).ConclusionGJH individuals with NSNP showed increased cervical JPEs and reduced muscle endurance compared to asymptomatic. Individuals with GJH with higher Beighton scores demonstrated increased cervical JPEs and reduced neck muscle endurance holding ability. In clinical practice, therapists should be aware of these findings, incorporate proprioceptive and muscle endurance assessments, and formulate rehabilitation strategies for NSNP individuals with GJM.

Range of motion in upper and lower Cervical spine in Dentists with chronic Neck pain of Lahore city

Neck pain is a commonly reported problem these days mostly due to increased screen timings and mobile usage, other than age factors Objective:To check range of motion in upper and lower cervical spine in dentists with chronic neck painMethods:cross-sectional Study was conducted and non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to get sample size. Forty-three participants were taken in this study. Only dentists with chronic neck pain were included. Association between pain intensity and cervical range of motion was obtained. After taking consent information data was collected by using cervical range of motion device and neck disability index questioner. Data was analyzedusing SPSS21Results:There was association between pain intensity and cervical flexion (p-value=0.043), pain intensity and cervical bending left side (p-value=0.000) while there was no association between pain intensity and cervical extension (p-value=0.201), pain intensity and cervical bending Right side (p-value=0.721), pain intensity and cervical rotation right side (p-value=0.207),pain intensity and cervical rotation left side (p-value=0.178)Conclusions:Dentists with chronic neck pain have decreased cervical flexion, cervical left side bending due to bad standing posture and continuous flexed neck for longer duration during work.

Does cervical proprioception affect hand dexterity of physiotherapists with and without mechanical neck pain?

Purposes. This study was conducted to compare between cervical proprioception and hand dexterity in physiotherapists with and without mechanical neck pain, and to determine the relationship between cervical proprioception and hand dexterity in physiotherapists. Materials and methods. Sixty physiotherapists (30 with chronic mechanical neck pain (G1), mild to moderate neck pain lasted more than 6 months and 30 healthy control (GII)). Both sexes were enrolled with; age ranged from 25 to 35 years, normal body mass index (BMI) and at least one year of practice of manual work. All participants undergone evaluation of cervical joint position error (JPE) using cervical range of motion device (CROM) through head-to-neutral repositioning (NHR) and head-to-target repositioning (THR) tests in flexion direction in addition to evaluation of hand dexterity using Purdue pegboard test. Results. There was statistically significant difference in median values of JPE and hand dexterity between both groups. There was statistically significant indirect medium to strong correlation between JPE in flexion (NHR and THR) and hand dexterity (in dominant and assembly tests). Conclusions. Physiotherapists with neck pain have impairment in cervical proprioception which in turn negatively affects hand dexterity. Hand dexterity is important functional property for physiotherapist to apply different manual techniques. So, impairment of hand dexterity may interfere with the efficiency of manual application.

Myofascial Induction Therapy Improves the Sequelae of Medical Treatment in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors: A Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Cross-Over Study.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Yet, less than 60% of HNC survivors receive adequate therapy for treatment-related sequelae. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of myofascial induction therapy (MIT) in improving cervical and shoulder pain and range of motion, maximal mouth opening, and cervical muscle function in HNC survivors. This crossover, blinded, placebo-controlled study involved 22 HNC survivors (average age 56.55 ± 12.71) of which 13 were males (59.1%) who received, in a crossover fashion, both a single 30-min session of MIT in the form of manual unwinding and simulated pulsed shortwave therapy (placebo), with a 4-week washout interval between the two. Cervical and shoulder pain (visual analogue scale) and range of motion (cervical range of motion device and goniometer), maximum mouth opening (digital caliper), and cervical muscle function (deep cervical flexor endurance test) were measured before and after the treatment and placebo sessions. A single session of MIT improved cervical and affected side shoulder pain, cervical range of motion, maximum mouth opening, and cervical muscle function. The associated effect sizes ranged from moderate to large. The present study suggests that MIT, in the form of manual unwinding, improves cervical (−3.91 ± 2.77) and affected-side shoulder (−3.64 ± 3.1) pain, cervical range of motion (flexion: 8.41 ± 8.26 deg; extension: 12.23 ± 6.55; affected-side rotation: 14.27 ± 11.05; unaffected-side rotation: 11.73 ± 8.65; affected-side lateroflexion: 7.95 ± 5.1; unaffected-side lateroflexion: 9.55 ± 6.6), maximum mouth opening (3.36 ± 3.4 mm), and cervical muscle function (8.09 ± 6.96 s) in HNC survivors.

Effects of wearing modern hijab on cervical range of motion in female students in a private college of Karachi.

Background: Cervical spine allow maximum and necessary movements for the functioning of head and sensory organs. Any issue with the flexibility and joint movement can be determined by assessing the cervical range of motion. Cervical range of motion (CROM) assessment is commonly used in clinical practice. The current study aims to find the effects of wearing a hijab on the cervical range of motion compared to the normal cervical range of motions.&#x0D; Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among hijab-wearing female students from Bahria University Medical and Dental College, from November 2019 to January 2020. The study subjects were recruited using a CROM device. Hijab-wearing female students between 18–23 years of age who wear hijab for at least 3 months, with the duration of wearing hijab for at least or at most 6 hours/day were included in the study.&#x0D; Results: A total of 384 students were recruited. Mean Cervical flexion for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was 61.06 ± 17.19, and &gt; 6 hours was 55.28 ± 16.09 (p&lt;0.001). Mean extension for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was observed to be 41.03 ± 12.89 and for &gt; 6 hours was 37.96 ± 10.94 (p=0.008). Mean Lateral flexion for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was 42.66 ± 10.32, and &gt; 6 hours was 38.96 ± 11.01 (p=0.002). While mean right rotation for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was 59.50 ± 14.27, and 6 hours was 63.47 ± 14.13 (p=0.010). Moreover, the mean Left rotation for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was 64.66 ± 17.86, and &gt;6 hours was 70.58 ± 14.34 (p=0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: The routine wearing of the hijab affects cervical mobility. Moreover, it is concluded that wearing a hijab for &gt; 6 hours greatly affects the range of the head for movement, by decreasing the cervical range of motion.

Inter, intra-examiner reliability and validity of inertial sensors to measure the active cervical range of motion in patients with primary headache.

We analyzed the inter- and intra-examiner reliability of Werium inertial sensors and the cervical range of motion (CROM) instrument for the measurement of active CROM (AcROM) in patients with primary headache. Another objective is to analyze the validity of the inertial sensors (Werium). The literature has reported symptomatology features in patients diagnosed with primary headache similar to that of patients with cervicogenic headache. The International Classification of Headache (ICHD-III) established the presence of reduced AcROM as a diagnostic criterion for cervicogenic headache. Several instruments are used for this measurement, with limitations in their applicability in daily clinical practice. A prospective longitudinal repeated measures study was conducted to assess the intra- and inter-rater reliability and validity of Werium inertial sensors in 20 adults with chronic primary headache. For the inter-rater analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were above 0.75 for all movements, indicating a good level of reliability. For the intra-rater results, the ICC values obtained by the Werium inertial sensors for all cervical movements were good for rater A (ICC >0.80) and rater B (ICC >0.84). For the validity, the ICCs obtained by the Werium inertial sensors compared with the CROM instrument for all cervical movements were moderate for both raters (ICC > 0.70, respectively). Values obtained in the standard error of measurement, minimum detectable change at 90% and limits of agreement also indicated good agreement. Werium inertial sensors have shown good to excellent reliability results, both intra- and inter-examiner (ICC > 0.75). Likewise, when the sensors were compared with another validated instrument (CROM device) they obtained high reliability results (ICC > 0.70). These results plus its relatively low price and ease of use allow us to recommend it in daily clinical practice to measure AcROM in patients with chronic primary headache.

Cervical spine range of motion and joint position sense in elite male cricketers: An observational study

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the current study were to (1) establish baseline data for cervical range of motion (CROM) and joint position sense (JPS) in elite male cricketers, (2) determine whether these players had differences when compared to healthy adults, and (3) establish a reference set of values for future investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Design: Repeated measures, observational study. Participants: Thirty-one elite cricketers, aged 18–35 years. Setting: Cricket New South Wales at the Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney, Australia. Outcome measures: Cervical rotation was measured with a CROM device and JPS using the joint position error (JPE) laser method with two protocols: repositioning to straight ahead and to 80% of maximum rotation. RESULTS: Mean right and left rotation were less than healthy normals by 6.5° (P 4.5° repositioning to straight ahead, which is 11% greater than the general population and 87% had JPE >4.5° when repositioning to 80% rotation. Postseason, deficits in CROM were unchanged. Fewer players (22%) had JPE >4.5° when repositioning to straight ahead however JPE when repositioning to 80% of rotation increased 1° for both directions (P CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to the authors' hypothesis, preliminary findings from this study demonstrated that elite male cricketers in this cohort had deficits in CROM and JPS, compared to normal healthy adults. This has clinical implications for the use of physical therapies targeting JPS and restoring CROM pre- and post-head and neck injury. Therapists should account for preexisting, baseline asymmetries in the range of motion and JPE in male cricketers. Further research needs to validate these findings across adolescent and female cricketers and explore the interaction between cervical spine parameters, cricket biomechanics, and head or neck injury risk.

The Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Digital Inclinometer, Smartphone Applications, and the Cervical Range of Motion Device for Measuring the Cervical Range of Motion

Objectives: Changes in the Range of Motion (ROM) are essential criteria in determining the severity of spinal disorders and could be effective in predicting pain progression. Instruments to measure the ROM are costly and unavailable in most therapy settings. While there is a tendency in therapists to use their smartphones instead, there is no report to measure the suitability of smartphones to be employed for this purpose. The current study aimed to compare the inter- and intra-rater reliability and concurrent validity of a Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device (as a gold standard), a digital inclinometer, and smartphones in measuring the CROM in asymptomatic adults. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects (11 women, 13 men) aged 22 to 45 years were recruited for this study. Neck movements were assessed per study subject using CROM device, dual digital inclinometer, as well as IOS (for iPhone), and Android applications. Despite the popularity of using smartphone applications, there was no study comparing such applications. Results: The dual inclinometer and iPhone clinometer and compass applications presented acceptable absolute and relative reliability (ICC=0.662-0.913) and (ICC=0.753-0.887), respectively for neck movements in all planes. The reliability of the Android clinometer application in the sagittal and frontal planes was also acceptable (ICC=0.76-0.937); however, the Android compass application used in the horizontal plane indicated the least intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC: 0.202-0.433) in this area. Discussion: All the tested tools differed from the gold standard depending on the direction of movement, confirmed i.e. approved by the Bland-Altman. The dual digital inclinometer presented moderate to high agreement to the CROM device for all motions, except for rotation. The iPhone applications had high to a very high agreement, and the Android application revealed poor to a moderate agreement. These discrepancies should be considered in employing smartphones for diagnosing a cervical disorder and determining a therapeutic plan. However, as phone applications indicated desirable reproducibility, these tools could be used for the follow-up and monitoring of changes in the CROM.

Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Cervical Myofascial Pain Following Neck Dissection Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on cervical myofascial pain following neck dissection in reducing pain and improving cervical range of motion (ROM).MethodsForty-six patients with cervical myofascial pain following neck dissection surgery were recruited and subdivided at random into two equal groups. The ESWT group received ESWT once a week for 4 weeks (0.25 mL/mm2, 1,000 shocks) and a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (3 times/day for 4 weeks). The control group received only topical NSAID. The pain assessment was done by using the visual analog scale (VAS) and pressure algometry. A cervical ROM device was used for the assessment of the lateral flexion and rotation of the neck ROM on both sides. All measurements were collected at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks.ResultsThe ESWT group revealed a significant improvement in all parameters at post I and post II than did the control group (p>0.001), that revealed a statistical decrease only in the VAS score at post I without any statistical difference in the pain threshold and neck ROM. However, there were statistical differences in all parameters at post II compared to those at pre-treatment and post I (p<0.001).ConclusionAs a confirmation of the efficacy of ESWT in cervical myofascial pain control following neck dissection, we observed better results with no side effects in the ESWT group (Clinical Trial Registry No. PACTR202002648274347).