Abstract Background: Despite the proven survival benefits associated with cervical cancer screening, utilization of the Pap test continues to be suboptimal in certain populations. In particular, Vietnamese American women have one of the lowest rates of screening compared to other ethnic/racial subgroups in the United States (US). A greater understanding of how demographic, psychosocial, and healthcare access factors may be associated with screening behaviors in this population will inform future public health efforts to increase screening and reduce cervical cancer disparities in this population. Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize demographic, psychosocial, and healthcare access factors that are associated with cervical cancer screening among Vietnamese women. Methods: Vietnamese women (n=1,525) were recruited into the study from 30 Vietnamese community-based organizations located in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Participants completed assessments of demographic background, acculturation, and health care access factors in either English or Vietnamese language. In addition, guided by Social Cognitive Theory and the Health Belief Model, participant perceptions of benefits and barriers to screening and self-efficacy in obtaining screening were also assessed. Results: In this sample of underserved Vietnamese women, the rate of ever having had a Pap test was 53%. To examine factors associated with screening, univariate and multivariate logistical regression analyses were conducted with screening as the outcome variable. Women who were married, were born in the US, or had lived longer in the US were more likely to have obtained screening. As expected, healthcare access variables were associated with screening behavior, such that women who had insurance and had received a physician recommendation for screening were more likely to have obtained screening. With respect to psychosocial beliefs, women who believed that screening can prolong life and who were confident in their ability to get screened were more likely to have undergone screening. In contrast, women's perceived barriers (i.e. a lack of understanding regarding Pap test procedures and embarrassment) were associated with lower rates of screening. Conclusion: These results highlight the need to address not only health care access issues, but also psychosocial perceptions that may hinder cervical cancer screening behavior in this population. Intervention programs that attend to these various system- and individual-level factors may enhance utilization of cervical cancer screening services among underserved Vietnamese women. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):B47.