Certified Office Buildings Research Articles

The added value of environmental certification in the Dutch office market

Purpose This study examines the relationship between environmental building certification Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM-NL) and office rents in the Dutch office market.Design/methodology/approach A hedonic price model was used to assess the impact of BREEAM certification on office rents. The study is based on 4,355 rent transactions in the period 2015 to mid-2022, in which 331 transactions took place in certified office buildings and 4,024 transactions in non-certified office buildings.Findings The results provide empirical evidence on quantitative economic benefits of BREEAM-certified offices in the Netherlands. After controlling for all important office rent determinants, the results show a rental premium for certified office buildings of 10.3% on average. The green premiums highly differ across submarkets and vary between 5.1 and 12.6% in the five largest Dutch cities. Additionally, the results show significant positive correlation between BREEAM-NL label score and rents, whereby better performing buildings generally command higher rents.Originality/value The study contributes to the current literature on green building economics by providing, as one of the first, empirical evidence on the existence of financial benefits for BREEAM-certified office buildings in the Dutch office market.

Evaluation of facade features in green building certified office buildings in terms of energy efficiency

The energy crisis in the world and reaching the point of depletion of resources have pushed the construction industry to seek the use of renewable energy resources. The sustainability approach that comes to the fore with this has gained an important place in the construction sector as well as in all other sectors. The construction of office buildings, which have a high energy consumption rate among the building groups, within the framework of sustainability principles is a result of this search. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to evaluate the facade features of sustainable office buildings with green building certificate within the scope of energy efficiency and to reveal the current practices. Within the scope of the study, 20 office buildings located in the world and in the literature were analyzed in detail in terms of their facade features. These analyzes are grouped under the titles of building envelope, facade material, integration of active and passive systems. In the light of the data obtained, it has been revealed that sustainable office buildings have facade applications for the use of renewable energy sources.

Development of Assessment Model on Green Ergonomic Building for Office Building

World economic growth is directly proportional to the increase in the building sector. The building sector accounts for 31% of global energy consumption. Humans also increasingly recognize the importance of the health aspects, convenience indoor quality, and user safety in the building. This study combines the concepts of green building assessment and green ergonomics to produce a new framework called green ergonomic building. The green ergonomic building is a building condition that not only focuses on energy use, indoor quality but also health, convenience, safety, and improving quality of human life in carrying out their activities in buildings. The development of a green ergonomics building assessment model was developed from literature studies and questionnaires distributed to respondents working in green building certified office buildings. Data processing using the Principal Component Analysis. The results of data processing, seven dimensions of proposals and indicators are obtained. These dimensions are the basic components of indoor quality and security; waste management and safety; water efficiency management and artificial lighting; suitability of furniture work area and material; application of sensory technologies and health; the convenience of workspace; and mechanical ventilation and supporting facilities. These dimensions and their indicators are expected to be used as a valuation model to identify that buildings have met the green ergonomic building assessment requirement.

Identifying Energy Inefficiencies Using Self-Organizing Maps: Case of A Highly Efficient Certified Office Building

Living and working in comfort while a building’s energy consumption is kept under control requires monitoring a system’s consumption to optimize the energy performance. The way energy is generally used is often far from optimal, which requires the use of smart meters that can record the energy consumption and communicate the information to an energy manager who can analyze the consumption behavior, monitor, and optimize energy performance. Given that the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are the largest electricity consumers in buildings, this paper discusses the importance of incorporating occupancy data in the energy efficiency analysis and unveils energy inefficiencies in the way the system operates. This paper uses 1-year data of a highly efficient certified office building located in the Houston area and shows the power of self-organizing maps and data analysis in identifying up to 4.6% possible savings in energy. The use of time series analysis and machine-learning techniques is conducive to helping energy managers discover more energy savings.

Indoor environmental quality in green certified office buildings

The presented paper deals with the assessment of selected indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors, specifically the parameters of thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ), in two buildings of a modern office complex. Both buildings are LEED certified. The monitoring of selected IEQ risk factors took place in selected office spaces (cell and open-space offices) representative of all occupied areas under operating conditions. The results of real measurements of IAQ parameters indicate that the monitored office spaces in both buildings did not exceed the required limits set by the LEED certification system. The measured parameters of thermal comfort were within the permissible legislative limits and the results of Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) indices show that a suitable level of thermal comfort can be expected in the given buildings during their occupancy. Based on the results of real measurements, it can be stated that both office buildings actually meet the LEED criteria for IAQ and guarantee a healthy and comfortable working environment for their occupants.

The Impact of Certification Systems for Architectural Solutions in Green Office Buildings in the Perspective of Occupant Well-Being

The green building certification system has long-lasting benefits by improving building efficiency and sustainability. The ultimate goal of such classification is to promote the preservation of the global environment as well as the occupants’ well-being and their health. In this paper, we present examples of buildings that have been designed and built in Poland and have been certified with BREEAM, LEED and WELL. Our study investigates human factors in certification systems and examines the WELL Building Standard as a supplement to other green systems, which will probably be the most popular in the future. The green building movement should prioritize pro-human factors and the associated environmental beliefs to improve indoor environment quality for users’ needs. We present this matter on the example of the Polish office space market, providing statistics and analyzing the architecture of six certified office buildings from Warsaw, Poznań and Wrocław. They are a representative sample of buildings designed following the certification regime. It was demonstrated how this aids in improving work comfort, enhances the program of office spaces and the organization of service spaces within buildings, which increases the rank of this architecture and positively affects the urban environment.

Evaluation of LEED Certified Office Buildings in Terms of Energy and Atmosphere Criteria: The Case of Maslak Region

Dünyadaki enerji tüketiminin %50’si ve fosil yakıt tüketiminin %40’ı yapı yaşam döngüsü süreçlerinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu süreçler, sera gazı etkisi oluşturan maddelerin salınımının %50’sini ve toplam hava kirliliğinin %24’ünü oluşturmaktadır. Bu anlamda, yapıların enerji ve atmosfer ile olan ilişkileri, tüm canlılar için hayati bir önem taşımaktadır. Dünyada birçok disiplin, çevresel sorunların azaltılması konusunda çalışmalar yürütmektedir. Bu çalışmaların bir neticesi olarak ortaya çıkan sürdürülebilirlik ve sürdürülebilir mimarlık kavramı, yapı sektörünün çevresel etkilerinin tartışılmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Bu kapsamda, mimari ürünlerin sürdürülebilirlik düzeylerinin ölçülmesini hedefleyen çeşitli sertifikalandırma sistemleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu sistemlerden biri olan ve ülkemizde de yaygın olarak kullanılan LEED yeşil bina sertifikalandırma sistemi, puanlama sisteminde Enerji ve Atmosfer kriterine büyük bir pay ayırmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı Maslak’taki LEED sertifikalı ofis yapılarının Enerji ve Atmosfer kriteri bakımından sahip oldukları güçlü ve zayıf yönleri ortaya koyarak durum analizi yapmak ve iyileştirici-geliştirici önerilerde bulunmaktır. Bu kapsamda Alsar Maslak No:1, Orjin Maslak, Maslak Link Plaza, Olive Plaza ve Uniq İstanbul projeleri ‘Enerji Performansının Optimize Edilmesi’, ‘Yerinde Yenilenebilir Enerji Kullanımı’, ‘Gelişmiş Yapılandırma’, ‘Gelişmiş Soğutma Yönetimi’, ‘Ölçüm ve Onaylama (Temel Bina-Kiracı Alt Ölçümü)’ ve ‘Yeşil Güç’ açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularda Enerji ve Atmosfer kriteri açısından Orjin Maslak Binasının en yüksek puanı (18/37), Olive Plaza’nın ise en düşük puanı (8/37) aldığı görülmüştür. Diğer üç bina 37 üzerinden 16 puan alarak aynı performansı sergilemişlerdir. Tüm bina ortalamaları üzerinden ele alındığında ise ‘Gelişmiş Soğutma Yönetimi’ ve ‘Ölçüm ve Onaylama (Temel Bina - Kiracı Alt Ölçümü)’ kredilerinde %80 ile en başarılı olunduğu, daha sonra %60 ile ‘Gelişmiş Yapılandırma’ kredisinin yerine getirildiği görülmüştür. ‘Enerji Performansının Optimize Edilmesi (%34)’ ve ‘Yeşil Güç (%20)’ kredilerinde istenilen performansın elde edilemediği ‘Yerinde Yenilenebilir Enerji’ kriterinin ise hiç kullanılmadığı ortaya konmuştur.

Understanding green building energy performance in the context of commercial estates: A multi-year and cross-region analysis using the Australian commercial building disclosure database

To understand the relationship between green building energy performance and regional commercial estates, this study analysed Australia’s Commercial Building Disclosure (CBD) program database. This database discloses the annual energy use intensity (EUI) and the corresponding energy rating (1–6 stars) of 2460 National Australian Built Environment Rating System (NABERS) certified office buildings. The study selected for analysis Australia’s six largest cities and then used panel data regression, where commercial estate factors (total stock of office buildings, vacancy rate, average gross face rent, and government incentives such as financial support) served as independent variables and the EUI was the dependent variable. The p-values of all the models are below 0.05, indicating that the results are statistically significant. Results showed the commercial real estate factors were significantly related to the EUI for buildings with a rating of 1 star and above. The correlation between EUI and commercial real estate factors became less strong with the rating level increasing. The effect of ‘green building’ branding makes the office buildings more attractive with regard to tenancy and their energy performance more reflective of the variation in the commercial real estate market. This study is a frontrunner in contextualising green building energy performance and ratings in the context of regional commercial estate, and the regression models employed in the study could be used to define regional baselines for energy ratings in future studies.

Can Green Building Promote Pro-Environmental Behaviours? The Psychological Model and Design Strategy

A green building has a long lasting benefit through cultivating the occupants’ energy and resource-saving behaviours. To understand how green buildings can cultivate occupants’ pro-environment behaviours, the research applied the value–belief–norm model to investigate 17 pro-environmental behaviours which are related to a variety of green building design strategies. Two green and two non-green certified office buildings in the city of Shenzhen in China were surveyed, based on which structural equation modelling was established to confirm the relationship between personal values, environmental beliefs and norms that lead to pro-environment behaviours. Green and non-green building occupants showed significant differences in altruistic values, environmental awareness, personal norms, and pro-environmental behaviours. Green building users had more frequent pro-environmental behaviours than those in non-green buildings. The strategies that require fewer additional efforts were more likely to be adopted as pro-environmental behaviours, such as meeting daily needs within walking distance and adjusting sunshades, while the strategies that need extra physical efforts (taking stairs) or knowledge (garbage sorting) were less likely to be adopted as pro-environmental behaviours. This study pointed out important intervention opportunities and discussed the possible design implications for green building guidelines and programmes to cultivate green occupants and their corresponding pro-environmental behaviours.

Occupants’ Awareness of and Satisfaction with Green Building Technologies in a Certified Office Building

With growing awareness of the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, much effort has been made to achieve “sustainability” in the building sector. Across the globe, many architects and building owners are striving to realize mandatory or voluntary building certification, in order to affirm the environmental performance of their buildings. Various sustainable design strategies and green building technologies have been adopted to improve buildings’ environmental performance as well as to achieve higher levels of certification. These technologies and strategies could affect building occupants’ satisfaction as well as productivity. This paper presents the results of post occupancy evaluation (POE) surveys to investigate occupants’ awareness of various green building technologies and their satisfaction levels and causes of dissatisfaction for selected technologies. A questionnaire survey was conducted for an office building in Korea that had received the highest grades in rating and certification systems. Some technologies showed higher levels of awareness and satisfaction, but there were also a few technologies with lower levels of satisfaction than we had expected. If these technologies are applied to buildings in the future, after improvisation or modification based on the POE results, it could serve as an effective strategy to increase people’s satisfaction as well as improve environmental performance.

Green Premium: What is the Implied Prognosis for Sustainability?

Economic considerations underpin almost every decision to determine social priorities. It is not surprising then that sustainability has fast become, among other things, economic advocacy. This has led to a proliferation of studies to establish the provenance of a green premium to provide impetus for sustainable real estate development to drive the sustainability agenda. The extant literature is replete with studies that conclude that green buildings, which are a proxy for sustainable real estate, command a green premium, notwithstanding disagreement about the size of the green premium. We revisit the green premium debate by analyzing Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) certified office buildings (a proxy for green buildings) in the Greater London area to ascertain the prevalence of a green premium and to answer the following questions: is the premium truly green (green-magic)? What prognosis does the green premium provide for sustainability? The study uses quantitative analysis (a hedonic model to analyze 2,842 CoStar transaction data points from 2008 to 2018 inclusive) and psychographic analysis based on primary data from a questionnaire survey of approximately 450 BREEAM certified building owners and occupiers in the Greater London area to address the research questions. The preliminary results of the hedonic model analysis show that BREEAM certification commands a rental and price premium of 4.3% and 22.3% respectively. Furthermore, the results reveal that a higher certification level generally generates a higher premium while certified buildings in outer zones generate a higher premium than those in the CBD. In addition, the results of both the quantitative and psychographic analyses imply that the premium is more a novelty premium than green-magic. This portends a dismal prognosis for sustainability and warns that sustainability cannot be won on purely economic grounds. Finally, the results of the psychographic analyses show that there is no meeting of minds (consensus ad idem) between investors in green office buildings on one side and green office space users (tenants) on the other. The results of the study could be of interest to London green office building market participants, researchers, practitioners, and sustainability adherents.

Energy and Environmental performance of a green certified office building in the hot dry climate of India

This paper applies a customised post-occupancy building performance evaluation (BPE) approach to evaluate the actual performance of a Platinum-certified green office building in the extreme hot dry climate of India from both technical and occupants’ perspectives. The in-use energy and environmental performance of the office building was examined using energy data on consumption and generation, monitoring of environmental conditions (temperature, relative humidity, CO2), along with occupant satisfaction survey. Total annual energy use of the building was measured as 100 kWh/m2/year with photovoltaic generation contributing 18kWh/m2/year. Although total annual energy use was found to be 42% less than the typical office benchmark, about 6% more energy was used than predicted. Indoor air quality was perceived to still but fresh and neither too dry nor too humid. Despite this, some spaces had relative humidity measurement over 70% for more than 50% of occupied hours. Daylight factor was consistently below 2% in many areas due to internal partitions; however, BUS survey (105 responses) results showed that 71% of occupants were satisfied with lighting quality, overall comfort and other variables. Such differences between measured and perceived indoor environment indicate the role of occupant adaptation in building performance.

Occupants Interaction with Window Blinds in A Green-Certified Office Building in Putrajaya, Malaysia

One of the key features of green office buildings is the proper utilization of daylight in order to ensure a good visual indoor environment which can potentially increase the occupant’s productivity. However, poor daylight condition inside office buildings can occur due to improper positioning of window blinds by the occupants. Previous studies have shown that fully lowered window blinds and the use of the artificial lightings during daytime have caused many office buildings in Malaysia to have high rates of electricity consumption. Yet, the operation of window blinds is rarely considered during the calculation of building’s daylight performance in the tropics. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the frequency of window blind operations by office occupants and the driving factors behind their window blind operations. A GBI Gold- certified office building was selected for the study. The specific objectives of this paper are, 1) to find out the correlation between window blind operations with different orientations of the building, sky conditions, time and floor levels; and 2) to gauge the occupants’ views on their window blind operations and also their satisfaction level with their visual working environment. This study used time-lapse photography to record the blinds positions and a questionnaire survey among the occupants. Results of the ANOVA and Pearson Correlation tests from the photographic analysis found a strong correlation between window blind occlusion values with the building orientations and floor levels, but not with time. The survey results revealed that most of the participants seldom adjusted their window blinds and, in most cases, excessive brightness or glare was the main issue. These results indicate that the occupants make a little effort in changing their blind positions, which may lead to a poor daylight condition. It is expected that the results of this study will serve as the initial steps in considering occupants’ behaviour in window blinds usage during the calculation process of a building’s daylight performance in order to ensure a better indoor visual environment.

THE IMPACT OF LEED-ENERGY STAR CERTIFIED OFFICE BUILDINGS ON THE MARKET VALUE OF ADJOINING BUILDINGS IN NEW YORK CITY

Green building certification is a useful way to support objective evaluations of the sustainability of a building. Both the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and Energy Star certifications are designed to reduce the negative environmental impacts of buildings and provide positive economic benefits to certified buildings. Given that a demonstrable positive economic impact is also required to satisfy one element of the triple bottom line of sustainability for these certifications, this study examined the economic impact of LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on the market values of adjoining buildings in Manhattan, New York City (NYC), using a spatial analysis based on a Geographic Information System (GIS) and a statistical analysis utilizing R-Project. The study's findings reveal a positive impact for LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on their adjoining buildings, pointing to the need for future research to investigate the spillover effect of LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on other buildings in their neighborhood from a socio-economic standpoint.

The Approach of Including TVOCs Concentration in the Indoor Environmental Quality Model (IEQ)—Case Studies of BREEAM Certified Office Buildings

The article analyzes the impact of measured concentrations of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) emissions determined for four BREEAM certified buildings on the Indoor Air Quality Index (IAQindex) and the overall Indoor Environment Quality index (IEQindex). The IEQindex indicates the percentage of building users who are satisfied from the indoor environment. In existing IEQ models, currently the concentration of CO2 is mostly used to evaluate the IAQindex sub-component. Authors point out that it is recommended to use TVOC instead CO2 at pre-occupant stage where building is mainly polluted by emission from finishing products. The research provides the approach where the component related to the emission of TVOCs is implemented to IEQ model. The first stage of assessment was a test of the volatile organic compounds concentrations in case study buildings. Secondly, the analysis results were assigned into the number of dissatisfied users (PD(IAQ)) from the theoretical function given by Jokl-Fanger resulting from the Weber-Fechner equation. Finally, the overall IEQindex was calculated. The IEQ approach proposed in this paper is mainly based on a consideration of EN 15251 and scientifically accepted models.

Green Office Building Environmental Perception and Job Satisfaction

The paper investigated the factors affecting job satisfaction in office buildings with LEED quality certification. The findings were useful information to help tenants make decision more easily when they perceive benefits from renting certified office buildings in Thailand. Also it supported investors to improved and designed to hold future sustainable innovations. This research used questionnaires as the instrument. Pre-test was completed by 10 respondents in order to evaluate the lucidity of questions, and to revise incomprehensible or unclear ones. Cronbach’s alpha was applied to examine the validity of each construct. Exploratory factor analysis was brought to group relating variables all together in the same components for fewer variables. All questions had been revised again to get the ones that cover the objectives of the research and all targeted factors before real data was collected from at least 200 samples. The valid sample size was 286. Respondents are employees working at green office buildings in Bangkok. We gathered data by directly distributing structured questionnaires at Park Venture, AIA Capital Center and Sathorn Square and via Google Docs in February 2016. After performing an exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis, we found the significant direct relationship between three independent constructs, namely perceived indoor air, thermal, acoustic and visual, and job satisfaction. The study showed the importance of indoor environment, especially on perceived indoor air quality. This paper shed the light to the office building renters and/or investors in Thailand that they should select or renovate office building toward green designs. Green office buildings attract office rates, provide better human capital management, lead to better competitive advantages in doing business and attract management of corporations who are concerned with employees’ job satisfaction and environmental factors that contribute to employees’ satisfaction.

On the Value of Environmental Certification in the Commercial Real Estate Market

AbstractA significant part of the global carbon externality stems from the real estate sector. Environmental certification is often hailed as an effective means to resolve the information asymmetry that may prevent markets from effectively pricing the energy performance of buildings. This study analyzes the adoption and financial outcomes of environmentally certified commercial real estate over time. We document that nearly 40% of space in the 30 largest U.S. commercial real estate markets holds some kind of environmental certification in 2014, as compared to less than 5% in 2005. Tracking the rental growth of 26,212 office buildings, we measure the performance of environmentally certified real estate over time. We document that certified office buildings, on average, have slightly higher rental, occupancy and pricing levels, but do not outperform non‐certified buildings in rental growth over the 2004–2013 period. Further performance attribution analysis indicates that local climate conditions, local energy prices and the extent of certification lead to significant heterogeneity in market pricing. On aggregate, these findings provide some evidence on the efficiency of the market in the adoption and capitalization of environmental characteristics in the commercial real estate market.

Are green offices better than conventional?

PurposeGlobal warming and climate change is one of the biggest issues facing humanity in this century; its effects are felt on the highest peaks of Mount Everest to the low-lying islands in the India Ocean. This century marked the highest amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted, breaking records of the past 650,000 years, and we have pushed the climate to “a point of no return”. Much of the climate contribution has been linked to humanity’s thirst for higher living standards and lifestyle, which has led to higher consumerism, depletion of earth’s resources, production of massive waste and carbon emissions. Fast forward from the sustainability agenda of Brundtland set in 1987 and the increasing demand for energy consumption to cater for the current global inhabitants, many “green” efforts have been taken by the building industry to reduce the overall environmental impact. This purpose of this study is to compare energy performance of a conventional office building with a green certified building.Design/methodology/approachThis paper tries to bridge the performance gap by comparing measured operational energy consumption and carbon emission of Green Building Index (GBI)-certified office buildings in Kuala Lumpur, to determine whether “green buildings” are performing as intended in reducing their environmental impact.FindingsThis paper highlighted and compared operational energy consumption and carbon emissions of a GBI-certified office with a conventional office building in Malaysia. The paper also discusses the performance gap issue and its common causes, and aims to compare predicted energy and operational energy performance of buildings.Originality/valueInitiatives such as “green” or “sustainable” design have been at the forefront of architecture, while green assessment tools have been used to predict the energy performance of a building during its operational phase. There is still a significant performance gap between predicted or simulated energy measurements to actual operational energy consumption. The need to measure actual performance of these so-called “green buildings” is important to investigate if there is a performance gap and whether these buildings can perform better than conventional buildings. Understanding why the performance gap occurs is a step in reducing actual and predicted energy performance in buildings.

Satisfaction with indoor environmental quality in BREEAM and non-BREEAM certified office buildings

ABSTRACTThis paper presents preliminary analysis of occupant satisfaction with indoor environmental quality in BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) and non-BREEAM certified offices in the UK. Results from cross-sectional questionnaires (N = 121) showed that BREEAM certification per se did not seem to substantively influence building and workspace satisfaction. Conversely, occupants of BREEAM offices tended to be less satisfied with air quality and visual privacy than users of non-BREEAM buildings. Lower satisfaction was also detected in BREEAM offices for occupants having spent over 24 months in their building, and for users working in open-plan spaces. To interpret these findings, a methodology for data analysis was adopted whereas responses to point-in-time surveys (N = 82) were paired with environmental measurements. Broadening the perspective for appraising occupants’ perceptions, these combined techniques led to conclude that certification schemes should balance criteria addressing energy performance with design solutions considerate of issues of privacy, proxemics and perceived control over the qualities of the indoor environment.

0167 INFLUENCE OF SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE ON DAYTIME COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN AN OFFICE SETTING

Traditional office buildings use a variety of primary light sources (e.g., LED/fluorescent lights). As interest in LEED certified office buildings increase and research has shown that enhanced lighting design improves human performance and alertness, more office buildings are incorporating a daylighting design. We investigated the differences between employee performance and alertness in two different building types (daylight vs. artificial light). We hypothesized that employee performance and alertness would be improved in a building designed to increase exposure to natural daylight compared to traditional office settings. Participants were recruited from a LEED certified sustainable building (SUS), which used sunlight as its primary light source, and traditional office buildings (TRA), which used overhead florescent lights with varying exposures to natural light as their primary light source. Age and gender matched participants completed daily sleep diaries, wore actigraphy (Actiwatch II), and completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) three times a day (early morning, midday, afternoon) over a five-day period. Data from 40 participants were analyzed using R (mean age: 35.23 ± 11.97; 16 female). Paired t-tests performed for mean reaction time (SUS: 249.13 ± 29.93 vs. TRA: 244.51 ± 24.64; t = .53, p = .60, d = .16), lapses (SUS: 2.64 ± 2.00 vs. TRA: 1.83 ± 1.58; t = 1.46, p = .16, d = .36), and slowest 10% reaction time (SUS: 405.86 ± 104.12 vs. TRA: 359.44 ± 52.81; t = 1.81, p = .09, d = .56) revealed no significant differences between participants in the sustainable building and those in traditional office buildings. No significant differences in PVT performance were seen between employees in the sustainable building and traditional office buildings. Further studies are required to determine whether exposure to sunlight during day work provides benefits to other aspects of health and wellness. N/A