Cerro Largo Research Articles

Reestablishment of Baccharis heeringiana (Compositae: Astereae) and a new record for Uruguay

During the taxonomic revision of ‘carquejas’ (Baccharis sect. Aphyllae and B. sect. Caulopterae) from Uruguay, and following a comprehensive study of the protologues, type materials, and recently collected specimens, we conclude that B. sagittalis and B. heeringiana are distinct species. Therefore, we propose the recognition of B. heeringiana as an independent taxonomic entity. Baccharis heeringiana has wider wings than B. sagittalis (6.5–20 mm vs. 2–6 mm wide), longer corollas in staminate florets (5.5–8 mm vs. 3.5–4.5 mm long), longer styles in pistillate florets (4–6.5 mm vs. 2–2.6 mm long) and distinct pappus elements (barbellate vs. scabrid bristles). It grows in waterlogged sites with hydromorphic soils in Eastern South America from Bahia, in Northeast Brazil, and south to the Eastern Uruguayan departments of Cerro Largo and Rocha. A distribution map, field photos, and an illustration are also provided.

Palynology and palynofacies of the Permian Paso Aguiar and Yaguarí formations (Paraná Basin, Uruguay): Paleoclimatic, paleoenvironmental, and biostratigraphic implications

The palynological information of the Paso Aguiar Formation (Paraná Basin, Uruguay) is scarce, and the overlying Yaguarí Formation has been hitherto considered as barren. In this study, the palynology and palynofacies of 17 samples recovered from borehole DINAMIGE 943 “Estancia El Águila”, drilled in the Cerro Largo Department (northeastern Uruguay), are analyzed. Palynological assemblages are dominated by striate bisaccate pollen grains, mainly those assigned to the genera Staurosaccites and Lueckisporites, and subordinated apiculate monolete and cingulizonate-cavate spores, essentially represented by Thymospora and Lundbladispora, Gondisporites, and Spelaeotriletes, respectively. The assemblages also include non-taeniate bisaccate and plicate-colpate pollen grains, laevigate and apiculate trilete spores, and algae. Moreover, laevigate monolete spores, non-taeniate and taeniate monosaccate pollen grains, and acritarchs are present in low quantities. The diverse palynoassemblages constitute evidence of a source palaeoflora primarily composed of gymnosperms, with important contributions from glossopterids and conifers. This is complemented by sub-dominant ferns and lycophytes, implying seasonally warmer and humid climates. The palynofacies analysis suggests marine depositional environments with terrestrial inputs related to fluvio-deltaic discharges. Proximal-distal variations are inferred for the lower and middle levels of the Paso Aguiar Formation, while high-energy proximal marine settings with variable redox conditions are deduced for the upper Paso Aguiar Formation and the lower Yaguarí Formation. The abundance of spores recorded is noteworthy, particularly when considering the environmental interpretations for these units. However, the influence of differences in preservation among palynomorphs cannot be entirely ruled out. The assemblages are assigned to the Striatoabieites anaverrucosus-Staurosaccites cordubensis Zone of the Paraná Basin in Uruguay. Nevertheless, obtaining additional data from the studied geological units is crucial to enhance and fine-tune the existing palynostratigraphic framework. Considering the radiometric ages available for the Paraná Basin, along with the ages proposed for comparable biozones in the region and assemblages from correlative units in Brazil, a late Cisuralian–late Guadalupian (Kungurian to Capitanian) age is suggested for the studied section.

Distribución actualizada de la avispa alfarera Sceliphron fistularium (Dahlbom, 1843) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)en América del Sur con nuevos registros

New records of the mud-dauber wasp Sceliphron fistularium (Dahlbom, 1843) for South America are reported. First record for Upper Demerara-Berbice (Guyana), Miranda (Venezuela), Vaupés (Colombia), Azuay, Orellana, Manabí, and Napo (Ecuador), Ayacucho and Cusco (Peru), Alagoas and Distrito Federal (Brazil), Amambay and Central (Paraguay), Canelones and Cerro Largo (Uruguay), and Santa Fe (Argentina) are given. The detailed distribution for each country of the continent is shown.

ABUNDÂNCIA E REPRODUÇÃO DE OLIGORYZOMYS NIGRIPES (RODENTIA, CRICETIDAE) EM DOIS FRAGMENTOS NO SUL DA MATA ATLÂNTICA, CERRO LARGO, RS

Oligoryzomys nigripes is a generalist rodent widely distributed in South America. The present study aims to present information on abundance, reproduction, and litter size for O. nigripes in the south of Atlantic Forest biome. This study was conducted at two forest fragments in Cerro Largo, RS, between April 2015 and October 2016, with 5,320 trap-nights. We captured most of the individuals captured during winter and spring, corroborating previous researches that indicated higher abundance during the coldest months on the southern portion of O. nigripes distribution. Reproductive animals were found during all seasons, however, males had greater chances to be reproductive during spring. During autumn of 2015, through handling and identification, one reproductive female had three young; this was a rare record of litter size for a Neotropical rodent.

Hf Isotopes in Detrital Zircon Point to a Mesoproterozoic Orogenic Belt Bordering the Western Margin of the Río de la Plata Craton

Published U-Pb-Hf values for detrital zircons of Mesoproterozic age in Cambrian and Ordovician strata of the Argentina Precordillera and San Rafael Block of the Cuyania Terrane overlap extensively with values from Grenville/Appalachian detritus and the Granite-Rhyolite Province of Laurentia and with values from Sierra de Maz and Sierra de Pie de Palo of the Western Sierras Pampeanas (WSP) of western Argentina. These data have been interpreted as evidence of the Laurentian origin of Cuyania and the WSP. However, U-Pb and corresponding εHf values presented here for Mesoproterozoic zircons from Ediacaran sandstones deposited on the Río de la Plata Craton (RPC) are markedly similar to those of Mesoproterozoic zircons from Laurentia, Cuyania, and the WSP, thus contradicting the previous interpretation. Given the geotectonic history of southwestern Gondwana, the U-Pb-Hf values from the Mesoproterozoic zircons of the Piedras de Afilar and Cerro Largo Formations of the RPC are consistent with a proto-Andean Mesoproterozoic belt on the western margin of the RPC. This belt would have served as the basement and thus the provenance of Mesoproterozoic detrital zircons in Cuyania and the WSP. The existence of this Mesoproterozoic belt introduces a different paradigm for interpreting the late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic geotectonic history of the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana and renders Neoproterozoic–early Paleozoic transfers of a Sierra de Maz–Arequipa–Rio Apa Terrane and the Cuyania Terrane from Laurentia unnecessary.

Contributing to the knowledge of Brazilian Sphingidae diversity: the first record of Adhemarius daphne daphne Boisduval, 1785 and Amphimoea walkeri Boisduval, 1785 in South Brazil

Three individuals (two males and one female) of Adhemarius daphne daphne Boisduval, 1785 and an exemplar of Amphimoea walkeri Boisduval, 1785, were caught in Maquiné and Cerro Largo municipalities, respectively, indicating the first occurrence of these two taxa in the Rio Grande do Sul state, South Brazil.

Cellular Changes in Buccal Mucosa from Farmers Exposed to Glyphosate / Alterações Celulares na Mucosa Bucal de Agricultores Expostos ao Glifosato

This study evaluated the sociodemographic characteristics and behavior of the oral mucosa epithelium exposured to the herbicide glyphosate of family farmers in Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil. 120 individuals were selected for social data collection through interviews. According to the results, most of the interviewees uses glyphosate between 5-10 years, being exposed between 30 minutes to one hour each application and applying the herbicide 1-2 times a year. After the interview, we selected the subjects to the Micronucleus (MN) test. For this test, oral smears were performed in three distinct regions (cheek, mouth floor and tongue edges) of 10 test subjects (exposed to glyphosate, non-smoker and non-alcoholic) and 10 control subjects. Results showed that glyphosate exposure increased the frequency of MN in the test group (p = 0.0002), as well as the frequency of other cellular alterations, such as brokenegg (p = 0.001), binucleation (p = 0.0001) and karyolysis (p = 0.0004). Based on these findings, the extent use of glyphosate may be causing damage to the oral mucosa epithelium and this might respond adaptively through cellular modifications.

El género Cypella (Iridaceae) en Uruguay

The genus Cypella is studied for the Uruguayan Flora. Based in revision of Herbaria and collections sampling were recognized 13 species and five subspecies for the country: C. alonsoana, C. aurinegra subsp. aurinegra, C. aurinegra subsp. albipurpurata, C. charruana, C. discolor, C. exilis, C. fucata, C. guttata, C. herbertii subsp. herbertii, C. herbertii subsp. brevicristata, C. herbertii subsp. reflexa, C. laeta, C. laxa, C. luteogibbosa, C. osteniana and C. rivularis. Cypella aurinegra subsp. albipurpurata comprises a new subspecies endemic in rocky place, on Mountain Range in Cerro Largo Department, Northeast Uruguay. Cypella laxa is a new record for the country. It is supplied dichotomous key, descriptions, material examined, comments and photos for all taxa identified. Furthermore, ecological data, conservation status, excluded species and other taxa with possible occurrence in Uruguay are listed.

Utilization of a PILC-Al obtained from Uruguayan clay as support of mesoporous MnOx-catalysts on the combustion of toluene

Catalytic oxidation is considered one of the best methods to remove volatile organic compounds. One of the main advantages of catalytic combustion is the low emissions of minor contaminants released to the atmosphere and low operative cost, followed by high removal properties for pollutants, compared to adsorption and incineration. The purpose of this paper is to review the behaviour of a group of catalysts extracted mainly from the location of Cerro Largo (Bañado de Medina), Uruguay, through evaluation of the total combustion of toluene. The montmorillonite was pillared with a polycation of Al13, with a Keggin-like structure using conditions to ensure a molar ratio OH−/Al3+ of 2 and then the resulting pillared clay was washed, calcined, and used as support of the active catalytic phase. The catalysts contain manganese oxide (as Mn2O3) which was obtained from Mn(CH3COO)2.4H2O. Catalysts were obtained by incipient wetness impregnation method and heated from room temperature to 550 °C, then maintained at this temperature for 4 h in air atmosphere. The resulting catalysts and support were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, N2-physisorption at 77 K, temperature programmed reduction, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The catalytic tests were performed in a fixed bed reactor using 0.5 g of sample, operating at atmospheric pressure and a feed of a mixture consisting of 192 cm3/min of Ar, 8 cm3/min of O2 and 2000 ppmv of toluene. Catalytic tests were carried out using a ramp mode from 200 °C to 500 °C with a heating rate of 1 °C/min. Samples from the reactor outlet stream were taken every 50 min and the reaction products were analyzed by gas chromatography. Based on the results of the X-ray analysis, the manganese found in the catalysts is in the form of Mn2O3. All the catalysts were active, and the gaseous by-products were CO2 and H2O in all cases. The best catalytic performance was obtained with the catalyst containing 40% of Mn2O3 on the pillared clay (90% conversion at 300 °C). No decrease in catalytic activity was observed when analysing the stability test for 24 h. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the catalyst obtained shows good catalytic performance and high stability in the combustion of toluene.

A interação das cooperativas CRESOL e SICREDI com o centro de referência de assistência social: repercussões no desenvolvimento social e econômico do município de Cerro Largo/RS

O cooperativismo tem uma missão importante, estratégica e decisiva para liderar os processos de desenvolvimento social e econômico, visando ao bem-estar e qualidade de vida dos envolvidos, e tendo por base os fundamentos da participação democrática, solidariedade, independência e autonomia. Assim, a partir deste estudo, objetiva-se apresentar as contribuições geradas por uma parceria firmada entre as cooperativas de Crédito: Sistema de Crédito Rural (SICREDI) e a Cooperativa de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária (CRESOL) com o Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS) Cerro Azul do Município de Cerro Largo/RS, Brasil. Para tanto, o trabalho classifica-se como um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, e a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de dados secundários e observação participante. Para a análise de dados, utilizou-se o programa LibreOffice Writer, versão 2010. Como resultado, percebeu-se que ambas as cooperativas colaboram com o público vinculado ao CRAS, seja com recursos financeiros e com apoio em ações e/ou projetos. Dessa forma, foi possível constatar que a parceria do CRAS com as referidas Cooperativas de Crédito contribui para o desenvolvimento social e econômico do município, além de demonstrar interesse na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos associados, bem como à comunidade em geral.

O jogo computacional como ferramenta de ensino e aprendizagem para alunos com dislexia – uma experiência nas salas multifuncionais de Cerro Largo – RS

Este trabalho consiste em aplicar atividades de um software, desenvolvido pela coordenadora da proposta do projeto de extensão, em alunos da rede municipal da cidade de Cerro Largo diagnosticados com dislexia. As atividades propostas servem como estímulos para aumentar e potencializar a consciência fonêmica, a partir de jogos de identificação e reconhecimento de letras, palavras, frases, rimas e sons, analisando sua eficácia por meio da comparação dos desempenhos obtidos em testes de leitura realizados antes e após a utilização do aplicativo Estimugame. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal deste projeto é colaborar com os professores que atuam na sala de recursos, propiciando ferramentas próprias para estimular a leitura em alunos com dislexia. Nesse sentido, a partir do projeto de extensão, tem-se possibilitado que muitos alunos com dislexia recebam um auxílio específico para as dificuldades de leitura, o que vem se mostrando eficaz a cada semana. Todos os participantes estão acompanhando e superando, mesmo que lentamente, suas limitações, buscando melhorar a cada etapa do projeto. Assim, esperamos auxiliar os profissionais da educação diante das dificuldades que os alunos apresentam em relação à dislexia, respeitando as suas limitações e a subjetividade de cada criança para vencer seus obstáculos e construir os seus conhecimentos.

El conocimiento botánico local en áreas urbanas del norte de Uruguay

This work rescues the ethnobotanical heritage of the northernmost region of Uruguay. In this country, ethnobotany has had little development, with scarce studies and scientific publications. The study area includes the departments of: Artigas, Rivera, Tacuarembo and Cerro Largo. Through random sampling, 315 people were interviewed. Among other variables, the data obtained refer to the special uses of the plants. The information was processed in the spreadsheet and listed by means of descriptive statistics techniques. 134 species used were identified, distributed in 57 botanical families. The most frequent families were: Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Fabaceae. Conventional medicine is complemented with cultivated plants that have medicinal applications. Nine forms of uses were reported, the infusion proved to be the most used practice. The knowledge related to the properties of plants comes from older people and is transmitted by oral tradition. The methodology can be replicated to other areas of the country.

Panorama da transparência passiva e da regulamentação da Lei de Acesso à Informação a partir da Escala Brasil Transparente (EBT) nos municípios do COREDE Missões

O presente artigo objetiva investigar a regulamentação da Lei de Acesso à Informação (Lei 12.527/2011) e a realidade da transparência passiva nos 25 municípios integrantes do COREDE Missões, em seus portais eletrônicos, por meio da aplicação da Escala Brasil Transparente (EBT). A pesquisa classifica-se como descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa. A partir dos dados coletados foi comprovado que apenas 28% do total dos municípios investigados (Caibaté, Cerro Largo, Giruá, Porto Xavier, São Paulo das Missões, São Luiz Gonzaga e São Nicolau) regulamentaram a LAI por instrumento legal (Lei ou Decreto) e que 36% foram considerados pouco transparentes na forma passiva. A partir desses e outros achados, apresenta-se um diagnóstico da atual situação da transparência na gestão pública municipal no âmbito do COREDE Missões, permitindo aos cidadãos conhecer melhor o ambiente onde vivem e investem, a fim de que consigam refletir sobre a eficiência na gestão pública e a suficiência ou não das informações disponibilizadas, para assim poder intervir no processo de formulação de políticas públicas que possam auxiliar no desenvolvimento regional.

Mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014.

Oral and oropharyngeal cancer is considered a public health problem in several countries due to its high incidence and mortality rate.Objective:This study aimed to analyze oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014 by age, sex and country region.Methodology:A time series ecological study using secondary data was performed. Data on mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancers were obtained from the Vital Statistics Department of Uruguay's Ministry of Public Health.Results:The cumulative mortality rate due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer over the study period was of 19.26/100,000 persons in women and 83.61/100.000 in men, with a mean annual rate of 1.75/100,000 in women and 7.60/100,000 in men. Mortality rate from both sites during the study period was 4.34 times higher in men than in women. Malignant neoplasms of other parts of the tongue and base of tongue showed the highest mortality rate. The means of the annual coefficients of deaths were higher for the age groups between 50 and 69 years. Higher mortality rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were observed in Artigas (4.63) and Cerro Largo (3.75).Conclusions:Our study described a high mortality rate for oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Uruguay from 1997 to 2014. According to the country's health department, men, tongue cancer, and oral cavity had higher mortality rates, with some variation. Prevention strategies with control of risk factors and early diagnosis are necessary to improve survival in the Uruguayan population.

LEVANTAMENTO DOS FITOTERÁPICOS COMERCIALIZADOS EM UMA FARMÁCIA DO MUNICÍPIO DE CERRO LARGO, RS, BRASIL E INFORMAÇÕES TERAPÊUTICAS DAS PRINCIPAIS ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS ATIVAS

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento dos fitoterápicos industrializados e magistrais mais comercializados em uma Farmácia, do município de Cerro Largo, RS, e buscar as informações terapêuticasdas espécies vegetais ativas presentes nos principais produtos. Para isto, foi realizado o levantamento retrospectivo de vendas dos produtos fitoterápicos industrializados e magistrais, comercializados no ano de2016. Durante o período avaliado foram dispensadas 986 unidades de fitoterápicos industrializados, compreendendo 57 tipos de produtos e produzidas 144 unidades de fitoterápicos magistrais, compreendendo 8 tipos de produtos (1,74% e 1,5% do valor líquido de vendas de medicamentos industrializados e produtos manipulados, respectivamente). Dezoito espécies vegetais estiveram mais presentes nos produtos industrializados comercializados, representando 91,3% do total de unidades comercializadas; 5 espécies estiveram mais presentes na produção magistral, representando 89,6% do total de unidades manipuladas. A comercialização de fitoterápicos era pequena e a maior parte dos produtos comercializados concentravam-se em poucas espécies vegetais. Assim, neste trabalho, foram compiladas as informações terapêuticas das 21 espécies vegetais ativas principais. Muitas delas apresentam importantes efeitos adversos, contraindicações e interações, sendo estas informações de suma importância para a orientação do farmacêutico aos usuários quanto ao uso correto e adequado dos produtos fitoterápicos.

<p><strong><em>Scoparia pentapetala </em></strong><strong>(Plantaginaceae), a new species from the grassland ecosystems of Río de La Plata</strong></p>

Scoparia is a genus comprising ten species distributed mainly in the grasslands of southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay. Based on field surveys, study of nomenclatural types and other specimens, and review of literature we found an interesting new species of Scoparia from southern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and Department of Cerro Largo, northeast Uruguay. Described here as S. pentapetala. This work provides a detailed morphological description of the new species, information on geographic distribution, habitat, phenology, conservation status and, discusses the main differences between S. pentapetala and the morphologically most similar species. Illustrations, images and a distribution map are also supplied.

Four new species of Actinopus (Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) from Uruguay.

Actinopus specimens from different localities in Uruguay that did not match any of the previously species present in the country were examined, and four new species are described: A. coboi sp. nov., from Colonia province; A. fernandezi sp. nov., from Salto province; A. simoi sp. nov., from Maldonado province; and A. uruguayense sp. nov., from Colonia and Cerro Largo provinces. The record of the species A. longipalpis for Montevideo is rejected and A. liodon is considered "species inquirenda". Actinopus coboi has spermathecae with an apical lobe diagonally directed; A. fernandezi is characterized by a stylized copulatory bulb and its greater number of retrolateral thorns on tibia II. Actinopus simoi can be distinguished from A. uruguayense by its carapace with a dark coloration; a reddish coloration in the palpal tibia and the shape of its spermathecae and copulatory bulb. With the presence of the Argentinian species-A. gerschiapelliarum, A. puelche and A. insignis-the number of species known in the country is increased to nine. All new species are diagnosed and illustrated; a dichotomous key to all species of Actinopus from Uruguay is also provided.

Genotipado de SNPs relacionados con enfermedades hereditarias en terneras Holando utilizando el panel GGP-BovineLDv3

The objective of this study consisted in a screening of the main hereditary diseases BLAD, DUMPs and Citrullinaemia using the GGP-BovineLDv3 panel in a representative population of Holstein heifers of the eastern area of Uruguay, as well as the analysis of BLAD mutant allele frequency since it was first reported in Uruguay in 2003. DNA was extracted from fresh blood of 190 Holstein heifers in the dairy area of Cerro Largo (Uruguay) and genotyped using the above mentioned panel, thus validating previously used techniques, suhc as PCR- RFLP and PCR- sequencing. We detected the presence of the BLAD mutant allele in one heifer, and allele frequency was estimated as 0.28%. Reported frequencies of BLAD allele during the last 15 years were compared and the reported studies revealed that the frequency progressively decreased and fell to zero in 2018, which can be due to the use of genotyped semen free of these diseases during the last years. No mutant alleles were found for DUMPs or Citrulinaemia. The use of low-density panels would be a useful tool to develop breeding strategies in dairly farms and to monitor hereditary diseases in Holstein breed.

Pressure and angle of the seed-fertilizer drill press wheel on corn emergence

ABSTRACT In precision seed-fertilizer drills, the soil compaction mechanism is responsible for closing the furrow, pressing the soil over the seed. Among the available models, the most used is the V-type wheel system, with several options to regulate the wheel opening angle and pressure exerted on the soil. This study was carried out in the experimental area of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Cerro Largo, in an clayey Red Latosol. Parameters related to corn emergence and the seedbed characteristics were evaluated at different regulations of opening angle and pressure of the compaction mechanism. The results indicate that mechanism regulations had no influence on emergence speed, emergence speed index and population of corn plants, under the studied conditions. However, the treatment with highest load and parallel alignment of the wheels caused lower values of elevated area and swelling. Treatments with 15° opening angle caused accumulation of soil in the center of the row, affecting the elevation height.

Impact of anthropic activities on eukaryotic cells in cytotoxic test

Numerous pollution factors generate changes in water quality and in organisms that depend on this resource, as they may contain substances with mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic properties that affect the genetic integrity of organisms. The Clarimundo Stream is located in the city of Cerro Largo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from which it passes through an agricultural area and crosses the city receiving discharges of untreated household waste. This work evaluated the genotoxic potential of these waters through a bioassay with Allium cepa, usually used in biomonitoring studies. Four water collections were conducted in each season and three points were marked for the analyses. The Allium cepa bulbs were germinated for 72 hours, in the proportion of three for each sample of collection points and three in distilled water for control parameters. Subsequently, the roots were submitted to the Feulgen procedure with modifications, for the preparation of the slides. The data were submitted to statistical analysis by the Tukey test with reliability of 5%. The results showed chromosomal alterations and Mitotic Index values suggesting that the water of Clarimundo Stream has the potential to cause damage to the genome of eukaryotic organisms.