Cereal Fiber Research Articles

The Portfolio Diet and HbA1c in Adults Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of Two Randomized Dietary Trials.

(1) Background: The Portfolio Diet, a dietary pattern of cholesterol-lowering foods, is also rich in low glycemic index (GI) foods. While strong evidence supports clinically meaningful reductions in cholesterol, evidence on the relationship between the Portfolio Diet and diabetes management is lacking. (2) Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the Portfolio Diet and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a determinant of glycemic control among adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (3) Methods: Patient-level data was pooled from two randomized dietary trials of low glycemic index interventions compared to high cereal fibre control diets in adults living with T2DM where HbA1c was collected (clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT00438698, NCT00438698). Dietary exposure was assessed using weighed 7-day diet records. Adherence to the Portfolio Diet and its pillars (nuts and seeds, plant protein, viscous fibre, plant sterols, monounsaturated fatty acid [MUFA] oils) was determined using the validated clinical Portfolio Diet Score (c-PDS). Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between change in the c-PDS and change in HbA1c over 6-months with covariate adjustments. (4) Results: A total of 267 participants, predominantly White (67%) and male (63%), were included, with a mean ± standard error age of 62 ± 0.5 years, baseline BMI of 30.2 ± 0.3 kg/m2, HbA1c of 7.08 ± 0.03%, and a c-PDS of 4.1 ± 0.3 points out of 25. Change in the c-PDS was significantly associated with a change in HbA1c (β: -0.04% per point, 95% CI: -0.07, -0.02, p = 0.001). A 7.5-point (30%) increase in the c-PDS was associated with a 0.3% reduction in HbA1c. Of the individual pillars, a 1-point change in nut and seeds intake (β: -0.07%, 95% CI: -0.12, -0.02, p = 0.009) or in plant protein intake (β: -0.11%, 95% CI: -0.18, -0.03, p = 0.009) was associated with a change in HbA1c. Further analysis of plant protein intake revealed that an increase in dietary pulse intake, a particularly low-GI food, was significantly associated with a reduction in HbA1c (β: -0.24% per 1-cup points cooked pulses (226 g) or 2 c-PDS points, 95% CI: -0.45, -0.03, p = 0.028). (5) Conclusions: Among adults living with T2DM, the Portfolio Diet was associated with lower HbA1c over a 6-month period, predominantly driven by two pillars: nuts and seeds and plant protein, particularly dietary pulses. These data have implications for including the Portfolio Diet in dietary recommendations for glycemic control in T2DM. A trial demonstrating the direct causal effect of the Portfolio Diet in a diverse group is warranted.

Sex difference in the association of dietary fiber intake with visceral fat volume in Japanese adults.

Dietary fiber is a possible nutritional component which aids in the prevention of visceral fat accumulation. We examined the association between dietary fiber intake and visceral fat volume (VFV) by sex, and further analysed the association by major food sources of dietary fiber. In this cross-sectional study, we measured VFV in 2779 Japanese (1564 men and 1215 women) aged 40-89 who underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography for cancer screening between 2004 and 2005. Dietary fiber intake was calculated based on a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary fiber intake and VFV was investigated using multivariate linear regression models after adjustment for potential confounders. Total, soluble, and insoluble fiber intakes were inversely associated with VFV in men (Q1: 3740 cm3, Q4: 3517 cm3, Ptrend: 0.0006 for total fiber), but not in women (Q1: 2207 cm3, Q4: 2193 cm3,Ptrend: 0.88 for total fiber). Statistically significant sex difference was observed (Pinteraction = 0.001 for total fiber). Subgroup analyses by major food sources revealed that dietary fiber intakes from beans, vegetables and fruits showed an inverse association with VFV in men, while cereal fiber intake showed a tendency toward a positive association in both sexes (Q1: 3520 cm3, Q4: 3671 cm3, Ptrend: 0.05 in men, Q1: 2147 cm3, Q4: 2227 cm3, Ptrend: 0.10 in women). We observed a sex-specific association between dietary fiber intake and VFV in Japanese adults. This study suggests that efforts against visceral fat accumulation should take account of the source of dietary fiber.

Liberated bioactive bound phenolics during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation boost the prebiotic effects of triticale insoluble dietary fiber

Phenolics in bound form extensively exist in cereal dietary fiber, especially insoluble fiber, while their release profile in gastrointestinal tract and contribution to the potential positive effects of dietary fiber in modulating gut microbiota still needs to be disclosed. In this work, the composition of bound phenolics (BPs) in triticale insoluble dietary fiber (TIDF) was studied, and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion as well as colonic fermentation were performed to investigate BPs liberation and their role in regulating intestinal flora of TIDF. It turned out that most BPs were unaccessible in digestion but partly released continuously during fermentation. 16 s rRNA sequencing demonstrated that TIDF possessed prebiotic effects by promoting anti-inflammatory while inhibiting proinflammatory bacteria alongside boosting SCFAs production and antioxidative BPs contributed a lot to these effects. Results indicated that TIDF held capabilities to regulate intestinal flora and BPs were important functional components to the health benefits of cereal dietary fiber.

Innovations in Breakfast Cereal Incorporating Fruits and Vegetables: Enhancing Nutritional Profile and Sensory Characteristics: A Review

Consuming breakfast is essential as it provides energy for the upcoming day and facilitates the intake of vital nutrients. Studies indicate that individuals who have breakfast typically maintain healthier dietary patterns. Breakfast cereal consumption is related to diets high in vitamins and minerals and low in fat. Still, it is not associated with increased intakes of total energy or sodium or the risk of dental caries. Dietary guidelines emphasize the significance of breakfast cereals, particularly those rich in whole grains or cereal fiber, due to their high nutrient density, making them a valuable source of essential nutrients. Although many studies are cross-sectional, with few intervention trials, breakfast cereal consumption could indicate a holistic, healthy lifestyle. This paper aims to offer a concise overview of various breakfast cereals infused with fruits and vegetables, highlighting their nutritional value, texture, shelf life, and sensory attributes. It demonstrates the potential of incorporating fruits and vegetables to develop nutrient-rich breakfast cereals.

Association between serum uric acid levels and dietary fiber intake in adults: the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES VII, 2016–2018)

BackgroundHyperuricemia could be a risk for various chronic diseases, and it could be largely corrected by diet control. This study was a nationwide cross-sectional study to investigate the association between serum uric acid level and dietary fiber intake.MethodsThis study analyzed data based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2016 to 2018. Adults over 20 years of age with normal renal function, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over 30mL/min/1.73m2, were included. The criteria for hyperuricemia were ≥ 7 mg/dL in men and ≥ 6 mg/dL in women. Data regarding dietary intake were obtained using the 24-hour recall method.ResultsA total of 15,278 subjects (6,455 males/8,823 females) were analyzed. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 19.3% in men and 6.8% in women. There were significant, negative associations between serum uric acid and total fiber intake in both men and women. Consuming more than 27.9 g of dietary fiber in men and 20.7 g in women reduced the risk of hyperuricemia by approximately 30% with odds ratios of 0.72 (0.62–0.83) and 0.71 (0.56–0.88) in men and women, respectively. With regard to the risk reduction by the type of dietary fiber, cereal fiber was significantly identified in both men and women, while fruit fiber was only significant in men. In the subgroup analysis, this association remained significantly in young and metabolically healthy populations with normal weight.ConclusionsDietary fiber intake was inversely associated with serum uric acid levels. This relationship was particularly significant in metabolically healthy young adults.

Maternal gluten, cereal, and dietary fiber intake during pregnancy and lactation and the risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in the child

Maternal gluten intake in relation to child's risk of type 1 diabetes has been studied in few prospective studies considering the diet during pregnancy but none during lactation. Our aim was to study whether gluten, cereals, or dietary fiber in maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation is associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in the offspring. We included 4943 children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study, born between 1996 and 2004. Maternal intake of gluten, different types of cereals, and dietary fiber were derived from a semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire covering the eighth month of pregnancy and the third month of lactation. Children were monitored for islet autoantibodies up to age of 15 years and type 1 diabetes until year 2017. Risk of islet autoimmunity and clinical type 1 diabetes were estimated using Cox regression model, adjusted for energy intake, child's sex, HLA genotype, and familial diabetes. Altogether 312 children (6.4%) developed islet autoimmunity at median age of 3.5 (IQR 1.7, 6.6) years and 178 children (3.6%) developed type 1 diabetes at median age of 7.1 (IQR 4.3, 10.6) years. Gluten intake during pregnancy was not associated with islet autoimmunity (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.68, 1.35), per 1g/MJ increase in intake nor type 1 diabetes (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.62, 1.50) in the offspring. Higher barley consumption during lactation was associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes (HR 3.25; 95% CI 1.21, 8.70) per 1g/MJ increase in intake. Maternal intake of other cereals or dietary fiber was not associated with the offspring outcomes. We observed no association between maternal intake of gluten, most consumed cereals, or dietary fiber during pregnancy or lactation and the risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in children from a high-risk population.

Identifying modifiable risk factors to prevent aggressive colorectal cancer.

It remains unclear if pre-diagnostic factors influence the developmental pathways of colorectal cancer (CRC) that could enhance tumor aggressiveness. This study used prospective data from 205,489 cancer-free US health professionals to investigate the associations of 31 known or putative risk factors with the risk of aggressive CRC. Tumor aggressiveness was characterized by three endpoints: aggressive CRC (cancer that causes death within 5 years of diagnosis), fatal CRC, and tumor stage at diagnosis. The data augmentation method was used to assess the difference in the associations between risk factors and endpoints. We documented 3201 CRC cases, of which 899 were aggressive. The protective associations of undergoing lower endoscopy (hazard ratios [HR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37, 0.49 for aggressive versus HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.56, 0.67 for non-aggressive) and regular use of aspirin (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.61, 0.81 versus HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77, 0.92) were stronger for aggressive than non-aggressive CRC (pHeterogeneity <0.05). Lower intake of whole grains or cereal fiber and greater dietary inflammatory potential were associated with a higher risk of aggressive but not non-aggressive CRC. The remaining risk factors showed comparable associations with aggressive CRC and non-aggressive CRC. Aggressive cases were more likely to have KRAS-mutated tumors but less likely to have distal or MSI-high tumors (p < .007). Similar results were observed for fatal CRC and advanced tumor stages at diagnosis. These findings provide initial evidence for the role of pre-diagnostic risk factors in the pathogenesis of aggressive CRC and suggest research priorities for preventive interventions.

Remission of type 2 diabetes: opportunities of different nutrition styles

Last time there are a lot of date, published systematic reviews and meta-analyses about relationship between eating behavior and incidence type 2 diabetes. It is known that more than 80% of cases of type 2 diabetes are associated with obesity. In this regard, the nutritional factor is of particular importance in the formation of treatment goals for patients with type 2 diabetes. Today, the disease is no longer a sentence, because achieving remission of type 2 diabetes is possible with the help of nutritional correction. The results of studies shown that a significant decrease in body weight is a predictor of remission of type 2 diabetes. However, the question of the best dietary recommendations for patients with type 2 diabetes remains open. Various dietary patterns (Mediterranean, paleo diet, DASH system, etc.) contribute to the improvement of glycemia, however, there is not enough data indicating a regression of symptoms of type 2 diabetes. In all likelihood, achieving remission is possible only with a significant reduction in daily caloric intake. The ketogenic diet, especially popular in recent times, also improves glycemic control. At the same time, according to the results of a meta-analysis, carbohydrates from whole grains and cereal fibers should not be neglected, because this category of products helps reduce the risk of developing diabetes.

Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet and Colorectal Cancer Risk.

Diabetes has been associated with colorectal cancer. We evaluated whether adherence to a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) can favorably influence the risk of colorectal cancer. Data came from a multicentric Italian case-control study including 1,953 histologically confirmed colorectal cancer cases and 4,154 hospital controls admitted for acute nonneoplastic diseases. Diet was assessed through a validated and reproducible food frequency questionnaire. The DRRD score was computed assigning higher values for higher consumption of cereal fiber, fruit, coffee, nuts and a higher polyunsaturated/saturated fats ratio and for lower glycemic index and lower consumption of red/processed meat and sweetened beverages and fruit juices. The ORs and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of colorectal cancer according to the DRRD score were obtained using logistic regression models adjusting for total energy intake and other major confounders. The DRRD was inversely related to colorectal cancer risk. The ORs of colorectal cancer were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.89) for the third versus first score tertile (Ptrend < 0.001) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.87-0.96) for a 3-point increment in the score. Inverse associations were observed for colon and rectal cancers and were consistent in strata of sex, age, and other major covariates. A higher adherence to a DRRD was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. Given the high incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer, adherence to a DRRD can have relevant prevention and public health implications.

Ensuring the safety in the production of fermented milk products with enterosorbing dietary fibers

The current trend of health-conscious consumers and healthy eating habits is encouraging researchers to explore the development of food products with synbiotic benefits. Dietary fiber in vegetables, fruits and cereals is one of the promising prebiotics and its use in supplementing dairy product formulations. However, the important point is to produce safe products according to the current standards of the country of production and sale. This article identifies critical control points and conducts a metrological study of quality control at each stage in the production of a new fermented milk product with the addition of enterosorbing dietary fibers. The study identified potential and five critical control points and presented an optimized scheme with factors that ensure the safety and quality of the final product.

Abstract 2207: Fiber intake and risk of lethal prostate cancer among men at increased genetic risk

Abstract Introduction High fiber intake from grains may lower advanced prostate cancer risk by enhancing insulin sensitivity, lowering insulin-like growth factor 1 and systemic inflammation. Whether a high-fiber diet can lower risk of metastatic disease and prostate cancer death in men at high genetic risk is unclear. Methods Using a new 400-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS) for prostate cancer, we quantified the genetic risk of 10,269 men with available genotype data in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, followed between 1993 and 2019. Men in the top 50-100% PRS category were considered high-risk and included for analysis. Total fiber intake and different sources (cereal, fruits, vegetables) were assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires. Overall and lethal prostate cancer (metastatic disease/prostate cancer death) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During 26 years of follow-up, we recorded 1,494 overall and 174 lethal prostate cancer events in the high genetic risk group. As expected, no associations were observed fiber intake with risk of overall prostate cancer. For lethal prostate cancer, the results varied according to the source of fiber. Higher cereal fiber intake was associated with a lower risk of lethal prostate cancer (per 3 g/d higher intake: 0.81 [0.68, 0.97], P-trend=0.02). We further observed a higher disease risk among men with higher fruit fiber intake (per 3g/d higher intake: 1.18 [1.02, 1.36], P-trend=0.03). The associations remained similar when mutually adjusted for each fiber type. No associations were observed for total or vegetable fiber intake. Conclusion In this analysis of men at high prostate cancer genetic risk, we observed that higher cereal fiber intake was associated with lower lethal prostate cancer risk, whereas higher fruit fiber intake showed an opposite trend. Further studies in different populations and investigations into the underlying mechanisms are needed. Fiber intake with risk of overall and lethal prostate cancer among men at high genetic risk. Fiber type Overall prostate cancer: No.event/PY Overall prostate cancer: HR (95% CI) Lethal prostate cancer: No.event/PY Lethal prostate cancer: HR (95% CI) All fiber, g/d T1, median=15.8 490/66047 ref. 42/73826 ref. T2, median=21.8 484/62237 0.96 (0.83-1.11) 61/69849 1.16 (0.77-1.75) T3, median=29.9 520/67374 1.02 (0.86-1.21) 71/75242 1.24 (0.75-2.05) Per 3 g/d 0.98 (0.96-1.01) 1.00 (0.92-1.08) P for trend 0.27 0.93 Cereal fiber, g/d T1, median=4.6 491/63911 ref. 49/72367 ref. T2, median=6.7 512/66251 1.04 (0.91-1.20) 76/73384 1.30 (0.90-1.87) T3, median=9.4 491/65496 0.92 (0.80-1.06) 49/73166 0.75 (0.50-1.12) Per 3 g/d 0.96 (0.90-1.01) 0.81 (0.68-0.97) P for trend 0.14 0.02 Fruit fiber, g/d T1, median=2.5 471/66306 ref. 33/74056 ref. T2, median=4.5 514/63268 1.06 (0.92-1.22) 51/70430 1.21 (0.76-1.91) T3, median=7.2 509/66085 1.00 (0.86-1.16) 90/74431 1.84 (1.18-2.87) Per 3 g/d 0.97 (0.91-1.03) 1.18 (1.02-1.36) P for trend 0.34 0.03 Vegetable fiber, g/d T1, median=4.8 481/64139 ref. 51/71594 ref. T2, median=6.9 505/64938 1.04 (0.91-1.20) 66/72291 1.22 (0.84-1.78) T3, median=9.6 508/66581 1.04 (0.90-1.20) 57/75031 0.98 (0.65-1.45) Per 3 g/d 0.99 (0.93-1.05) 0.97 (0.82-1.15) P for trend 0.72 0.74 Citation Format: Yiwen Zhang, Konrad H. Stopsack, Lorelei A. Mucci, Edward Giovannucci, Anna Plym. Fiber intake and risk of lethal prostate cancer among men at increased genetic risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2207.

Abstract P189: Optimal Measures of Carbohydrate Quality to Reduce the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction: A plethora of indices have been investigated as optimal measures of carbohydrate quality in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but a systematic comparison has not been conducted. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that not all carbohydrate quality indices are equally associated with the risk of T2D. Methods: We investigated associations between twenty-two carbohydrate quality variables and T2D risk among 212,883 US adults with up to 32y of follow-up in the ongoing Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHS II, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We used multivariable and BMI-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Cereal fiber (comparing extreme quintiles of intake, RR:0.82, 95% CI:0.78, 0.87), whole fruit carbohydrates (RR:0.82, 95% CI:0.78, 0.87), glycemic index (RR:1.18, 95% CI:1.12, 1.24), and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) sugar (RR:1.23, 95% CI:1.17, 1.29) had the largest observed risk estimates of T2D (all P-trend&lt;0.001). In addition, dietary glycemic load, starch, starchy vegetables, and potato and legume carbohydrates were positively associated (RR’s= 1.07 - 1.14), while whole grain carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with risk of T2D (RR= 0.94). Total and refined grain carbohydrates, added sugar, and non-starchy vegetables were not associated with risk of T2D. Ratios of carbohydrate or starch to total fiber or cereal fiber were all positively associated with risk of T2D (RR’s=1.11 - 1.33). The alternate Carbohydrate Quality Index (aCQI) (RR:0.73, 95% CI:0.69, 0.77) was more strongly associated with risk of T2D than the original CQI (RR:0.90, 95% CI:0.85, 0.95; both P-trend&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Although many indices were associated with risk of T2D, higher intakes of cereal fiber and whole fruit carbohydrates, and lower intakes of glycemic index and sugar-sweetened beverage sugar had the lowest risk of T2D. The aCQI, comprising these four dietary variables and whole-grain carbohydrates, was strongly associated with risk of T2D and warrants further investigation.

The acute effect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying, GLP-1 response, and postprandialglycaemia and insulinemia: a randomised crossover trial in healthy adults.

The cereal fibre β-glucan reduces postprandial glycaemia, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a β-glucan-enriched oat bread on gastric emptying half-time (T1/2), gastric emptying lag phase (Tlag), and gastric emptying rate (GER), and the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as potential means to influence postprandial glycaemia. A randomised crossover trial was conducted in 22 healthy adults (age 24.6 ± 3.1years, BMI 23.1 ± 2.7kg/m2) receiving 25g available carbohydrates from a β-glucan-enriched oat bread or a control whole-wheat bread at two non-consecutive days. T1/2, Tlag, and GER were determined based on ultrasound measures of the cross-sectional gastric antrum area in the fasting state and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120min postprandially. Capillary glucose, serum insulin, and plasma GLP-1 concentrations were measured at the same time points. A biphasic pattern of gastric emptying with a distinct Tlag before the commencement of emptying was observed in most subjects for both bread types. While no differences in GER were evident (p = 0.562), consumption of the oat bread significantly increased T1/2 by 18min and Tlag by 14min compared with the whole-wheat bread (p = 0.005 and p = 0.010, respectively). In addition, the oat bread significantly reduced iAUC2h for glucose and insulin responses compared with the whole-wheat bread (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in GLP-1 response between the two breads (p = 0.892). The increased T1/2 and Tlag could offer a potential mechanism for the observed attenuation of postprandial glycaemia and insulinemia after consumption of the β-glucan-enriched oat bread compared with the whole-wheat bread. The study is registered at clinicaltrails.gov (NCT04571866).

A comparative analysis of cutin monomers from cereal brans and fruit peels: Isolation and characterization

Plant cuticles contain mainly lipid polymers (cutin), protecting them against desiccation and environmental stresses. The monomeric composition of the cuticular polymer fractions of three cereal fibers: maize bran, wheat bran and sorghum bran, as well as hemicellulose/cellulose fractions isolated from sorghum bran were investigated and compared with cuticular content isolated from apple and tomato peel samples. Total cuticular contents in apple and tomato peels were the highest, ranging from 54.5 % to 54.8 %, when compared with the total cuticular content of maize, wheat and sorghum brans. Among three cereal samples, the cuticular material content in sorghum bran (7.14%) was higher than the maize bran and wheat bran (3.92% and 5.92% respectively). The hexadecanoic acid (C16), octadecanoic acid (C18), ω-hydroxy fatty acids, with medium chain functional groups such as enoic, epoxy and hydroxyl groups were identified in each cutin sample. The percentage of p-coumaric acid in apple and tomato peel samples were 84.0% and 78.7% respectively of the total phenolic acids present. The ferulic acid content in maize, sorghum and wheat brans were 94.1%, 92.8% and 88.0% respectively, indicating that ferulic acid was the major phenolic compound in these brans.

Associations of cereal fiber intake with rheumatoid arthritis mediated by dietary inflammatory index: insights from NHANES 2011–2020

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an increasingly prevalent inflammatory disorder worldwide. Its complex etiology has recently brought dietary factors, particularly fiber intake, into focus as potential influencers. Our study investigates the intricate relationship between various sources of dietary fiber and RA, emphasizing the mediating role of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Leveraging data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011 to 2020. We meticulously assessed dietary fiber intake through dual 24 h dietary recall interviews, while RA diagnoses were established based on comprehensive medical surveys. The relationships between fiber intake, RA prevalence, and DII mediation were analyzed using sophisticated multivariate logistic regression and mediation analysis. Among our study cohort, 7% were diagnosed with RA. We observed a notable inverse correlation between increased total fiber intake, particularly 5 g/day increments, and the incidence of RA, with cereal fiber intake emerging as the primary mitigating factor. Intriguingly, the DII played a significant role in mediating this association, especially regarding cereal fiber. Our findings reveal a significant association between higher cereal fiber consumption and a reduced prevalence of RA. Additionally, the DII stands out as a pivotal mediator in this relationship, highlighting dietary management's critical role in preventing and managing RA.

Clay and cereal fiber coating with waterproofing finishes for internal surfaces in the Mantaro valley

Clay and cereal fiber coating with waterproofing finishes for internal surfaces in the Mantaro valley

Different Sources of Fiber Intake and Risk of 17 Specific Cancers and All Cancers Combined: Prospective Study of 364,856 Participants in the UK Biobank.

Inverse associations between dietary fiber (DF) and colorectal cancer risk are well-established. However, evidence is limited in relation to other cancer sites. This study, of 364,856 participants from the UK Biobank, aimed to evaluate the associations between total and source-specific partial DF and risk of 17 specific cancers and all cancers combined. Partial DF was derived from baseline touchscreen questionnaire data on cereal, bread, fruit, and vegetable intake. The outcomes were incident cancer at 17 sites and all cancers combined. Cox proportional hazards models were applied. Over a median 8.8-year follow-up period, 30,725 people were diagnosed with cancer. After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, those in the highest quintile of partial DF compared with the lowest quintile (<9.6 vs ≥19.1 g/day) had 10% lower risk of cancer overall, with the greatest risk reductions observed for cervical (hazard ratio (HR)= 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14; 0.82), esophageal (HR= 0.66, 95% CI: 0.52; 0.84), lung (HR= 0.67, 95% CI: 0.59; 0.76), bladder (HR= 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56; 0.91), and kidney (HR= 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61; 0.92) cancers. Associations between DF and lung cancer were observed only in current and former smokers. Higher DF intake, in particular cereal fiber and fruit and vegetable fiber, was associated with a lower risk of overall and multiple site-specific cancers.

Association of diabetes risk reduction diet with renal cancer risk in 101,755 participants: a prospective study

BackgroundThere is little prospective evidence exists about whether adherence to a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) is related to a significant reduction in renal cancer risk. We sought to clarify whether adherence to DRRD was associated with a reduced risk of renal cancer in a US population.MethodsA population-based cohort of 101,755 American adults was identified from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. A DRRD score was calculated to assess adherence to this dietary pattern, where increased scores indicated greater adherence. The relationship between DRRD score and risk of renal cancer was assessed based on the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), which were both calculated using Cox regression. Non-linear association was determined through restricted cubic spline regression. Potential effect modifiers were identified through subgroup analyses.ResultsOver a mean follow-up of 8.8 years, 446 renal cancers were detected. In this analysis, the fully adjusted model depicted a notable 29% reduction in the risk of renal cancer among individuals in the highest quartile of DRRD score in comparison with the lowest quartile individuals (HRQ4 vs. Q1: 0.71; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.94; Ptrend = 0.008). This association remained consistent across a series of sensitivity analyses. A non-linear inverse dose–response association between renal cancer risk with DRRD score was observed (Pnonlinearity = 0.026). Subgroup analyses showed that this favorable link was more prominent in participants with low Healthy Eating Index-2015 (Pinteraction = 0.015). Regarding the individual components of DRRD, a decrease in the risk of renal cancer was linked to increased intake of cereal fiber and whole fruit, and lower sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (all Ptrend < 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that individuals adhering to DRRD are associated with a reduction in the risk of renal cancer.

Adherence to diabetes risk reduction diet and the risk of head and neck cancer: a prospective study of 101,755 American adults.

Adherence to the diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) may potentially reduce the risk of developing head and neck cancer (HNC) as the diet includes fruits and limits red and processed meats, known risk factors for HNC. However, there is currently no epidemiological research to investigate this potential association. The present study utilized data on demographics, lifestyles, medications, and diets of participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial to explore the potential association between adherence to DRRD and the risk of HNC. We used a DRRD score to evaluate adherence to the dietary pattern and employed Cox regression analysis to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for HNC risk. Several subgroup analyses were carried out to identify potential effect modifiers, and multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the stability of the correlation. The nine components of the DRRD was assessed separately for its association with the risk of HNC. During a mean follow up of 8.84 years, 279 cases of HNC were observed. DDRD score was found to be inversely associated with the risk of HNC (HR Q4 vs. Q1: 0.582; 95% CI: 0.396, 0.856; p = 0.005 for trend) in a linear dose-response manner (p = 0.211 for non-linearity). Subgroup analysis indicated this inverse correlation was more pronounced among participants who had never smoked (HRQ4 vs. Q1: 0.193; 95% CI: 0.073, 0.511; p < 0.001 for trend) compared to current or former smokers (p = 0.044 for interaction). The primary association of DDRD and HNC risk remained robust after several sensitivity analyses. Regarding the individual components of DRRD, an inverse association was also observed between the risk of HNC and increased intake of cereal fiber and whole fruit (all p < 0.05 for trend). Our findings provide evidence that following the DRRD pattern may reduce the risk of NHC, especially for non-smokers.

Fiber intake and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and dose response meta-analysis.

This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis examined the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following dietary fiber intake. Relevant articles were retrieved from a variety of databases, including Scopus, Embase, and Medline, until March 2023. Spirometry was the most frequently used method for determining the presence of COPD. Based on the search, there were a total of 213,912 participants across five separate studies. Random effects model was used to combine the data and a dose-response analysis was further conducted. Five distinct cohort studies were identified. Based on highest versus lowest analysis, there was an inverse correlation between the intake of total fiber (RR, 0.72; 95%, CI: 0.64-0.80), cereal fiber (RR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.68, 0.86), and fruit fiber (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.83). Although this result was not significant for vegetable fiber (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84-1.07). Dose-response analysis revealed that daily increase of 10 g of total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, or fruit fiber reduced the risk of COPD by 26%, 21%, and 37%, respectively. The ROBINS-E tool classified all cohort studies as having a moderate risk of bias. Total fiber, cereal fiber, and fruit fiber intake were found to have low credibility using the NutriGrade tool. Additionally, there is a lack of scientific evidence supporting the use of vegetable fiber. Larger, more comprehensive studies are required to confirm these findings.