Ceramic Membrane Supports Research Articles

Preparation of high flux low‐cost ceramics membrane supports with oil‐based drilling cutting pyrolysis residues (ODPRs) as raw material

AbstractLow‐cost ceramic membrane support is important for the filtration performance of a asymmetry filtration membrane. In this study, the oil‐based drilling cutting pyrolysis residues (ODPRs) were used as raw materials incorporating with fly ash, and carbon particles were used as pore‐forming agents to prepare high‐flux low‐cost ceramic membrane supports. Besides the strength of the supports was decreased with increased carbon particles addition and size, the porosity, pore size and consequently the Darcey permeability k1 and pure water permeability of the support were increased with the increased carbon particle addition and size. The chemical stability of the support was deteriorated with the increased carbon particles addition. A leaching test on the support with 10% 12 µm carbon particle addition indicates that the support obtained by using the ODPRs incorporating with fly ash as raw materials is safe for aqueous filtration. This study showcased the utilization of ODPRs as a primary resource to manufacture a high‐permeability support for water filtration. This approach aligns with the principles of sustainable development, following a waste‐to‐product‐to‐environment pathway.

In-situ grown columnar mullite reinforced SiC porous ceramic membrane support with excellent mechanical performance and corrosion resistance: Using TiO2 as the key to form columnar mullite

In this study, in-situ growth of columnar mullite reinforced silicon carbide porous membrane supports were prepared, and the addition of TiO2 helped to reduce the sintering temperature for the anisotropic growth of necked columnar mullite crystals. The synthesis of in situ columnar mullite makes reasonable use of the oxidized silica of silicon carbide, and in turn reduces the loss of the silicon carbide porous membrane support under strong corrosive conditions. The material showed a flexural strength of up to 72.95 MPa, and a water flux of 31612.83 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1 when sintered for 2 h in an air environment at 1250 °C. The flexural strength after corrosion in 20 vol% H2SO4 and 1 wt% NaOH solution (90 °C) exceeded 93 %. This shows that this porous silicon carbide ceramic membrane scaffold has potential applications in the field of water treatment under harsh environments.

Digital light processing of high-purity SiC ceramic membrane support modified by SiC whisker

High-purity SiC ceramic membrane has gained tremendous attention in the treatment of various corrosive wastewaters. Additive manufacturing technique makes it possible to fabricate high-purity SiC ceramic membrane with complex configurations. Here, we proposed a route for the preparation of high-purity SiC ceramic membrane support using digital light processing and SiC whisker reinforcement. With the increase of whisker content, the viscosity of SiCw/SiC photosensitive slurry increased due to the formation of whiskers agglomerations; the average pore size shifted from 3.15 μm to 1.35 μm with the occupation of large pores by SiC whiskers. In addition, the compressive strength of the ceramic support increased from 10.7 MPa to 16.7 MPa because of the decline in pore size and the toughening effects by SiC whiskers. So, the introduced SiC whiskers enhanced the pore connectivity and mechanical strength of the porous ceramics. This work provides a feasible path to manufacture high-purity SiC ceramic membrane support with complex configuration, high pore-connectivity and excellent mechanical properties.

A new ceramic microfiltration membrane based on olive seeds: development and characterization

ABSTRACT The development of low-cost methods for wastewater treatment and the separation of oil-in-water emulsions is of considerable significance. Recently, natural material-based, inexpensive membranes have become a hot area of research. In this work, natural olive seeds were used to develop a novel ceramic membrane support. With the oil filtration process in place, the choice was reached to utilize the olive kernels’ beneficial qualities best. The process involved blending plastic paste with water and organic ingredients, followed by extruding the resulting paste into a porous tubular. After firing at 200 °C/2 h, the membrane's water permeability and porosity were 1,852 L/h m2 bar and 45%, respectively, and its average pore width varied from 2 to 15 μm. The efficiency of the microfiltration membrane in separating oil-in-water emulsions was assessed using two test solutions containing oil concentrations of 500 and 1,000 mg/L. Under a transmembrane pressure of 1 bar, the membrane exhibited exceptional permeate flux exceeding 200 L/m2 h, along with a high oil rejection rate of over 96% across all feed concentrations.

EFFECT OF RICE STARCH CONTENT ON TUBULAR ALUMINA MEMBRANE SUPPORT FABRICATED BY AGAR GELCASTING

This study addresses the challenge of fabricating cost-effective tubular ceramic membranes through agar gelcasting. The addition of rice starch as the pore-forming agent in the ceramic membrane support layer, with varying contents from 0 to 6 wt%, was focused on improving the permeability of the tubular ceramic membrane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the co-existence of large pores from starch decomposition and small pores in the form of interparticle voids. When the rice starch was enhanced, the firing shrinkage and apparent porosity increased, and the bulk density decreased. Notably, the tubular ceramic membranes with 6 wt% of the rice starch addition exhibited a permeability of 0.17 Lh⁻¹m⁻²bar⁻¹ under a pressure of 2.5 bar.

Design and Machine Learning Prediction of In Situ Grown PDA-Stabilized MOF (UiO-66-NH2) Membrane for Low-Pressure Separation of Emulsified Oily Wastewater.

Significant progress has been made in designing advanced membranes; however, persistent challenges remain due to their reduced permeation rates and a propensity for substantial fouling. These factors continue to pose significant barriers to the effective utilization of membranes in the separation of oil-in-water emulsions. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered promising materials for such applications; however, they encounter three key challenges when applied to the separation of oil from water: (a) lack of water stability; (b) difficulty in producing defect-free membranes; and (c) unresolved issue of stabilizing the MOF separating layer on the ceramic membrane (CM) support. In this study, a defect-free hydrolytically stable zirconium-based MOF separating layer was formed through a two-step method: first, by in situ growth of UiO-66-NH2 MOF into the voids of polydopamine (PDA)-functionalized CM during the solvothermal process, and then by facilitating the self-assembly of UiO-66-NH2 with PDA using a pressurized dead-end assembly. A stable MOF separating layer was attained by enriching the ceramic support with amines and hydroxyl groups using PDA, which assisted in the assembly and stabilization of UiO-66-NH2. The PDA-s-UiO-66-NH2-CM membrane displayed air superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, demonstrating its oil resistance and high antifouling behavior. The PDA-s-UiO-66-NH2-CM membrane has shown exceptionally high permeability and separation capacity for challenging oil-in-water emulsions. This is attributed to numerous nanochannels from the membrane and its high resistance to oil adhesion. The membranes showed excellent stability over 15 continuous test cycles, which indicates that the developed MOFs separating layers have a low tendency to be clogged by oil droplets during separation. Machine learning-based Gaussian process regression (GPR) models as nonparametric kernel-based probabilistic models were employed to predict the performance efficiency of the PDA-s-UiO-66-NH2-CM membrane in oil-in-water separation. The outcomes were compared with the support vector machine (SVM) and decision tree (DT) algorithm. This efficiency includes various metrics related to its separation accuracy, and the models were developed through feature engineering to identify and utilize the most significant factors affecting the membrane's performance. The results proved the reliability of GPR optimization with the highest prediction accuracy in the validation phase. The average percentage increase of the GPR model compared to the SVM and DT model was 6.11 and 42.94%, respectively.

Preparation of high performance porous SiC ceramic membrane support using zeolite and alumina as sintering additives

In-situ reaction bonded porous SiC ceramic membrane supports were successfully synthesized by economical way at 1300 °C in air using waste zeolite residue and alumina as sintering additive. The effects of additives content and sintering temperature on material, mechanical and permeabity properties were carefully investigated. The ceramics prepared at 1300 °C with a 20 % mixture of zeolite residue and alumina obtained with a very high mechanical strength of 114.85 MPa at a porosity of 28.90 vol% and exhibited pure water permeability of 1258 L.h-1.m-2.bar−1. Additionally, the support prepared in this study exhibited good chemical resistance in acid and alkali medium for long periods.The utilization of zeolite residue reduced the sintering temperature for fabrication of membrane support and provided a flexible strategy to control the mechanical performance and water permeability. The filtration and permeation results indicated that SiC membrane support prepared in this study is suitable for various applications, particularly in water treatment.

Fabrication of alumina ceramic membrane supports using LCD 3D printing and titania nanoparticle doping

The integration of 3D printing technology into the production of ceramic membranes has garnered significant interest. Nonetheless, challenges persist in fabricating macroporous supports with both high porosity and strength through 3D printing. In this study, titania nanoparticles were introduced to facilitate the fusion of alumina nanoparticles. This freed the pores occupied by alumina nanoparticles and enhanced the connections between micron-sized alumina particles. Consequently, both the permeability and strength of the ceramic membrane supports were improved. The impact of ceramic slurry composition on photocuring performance, sintering processes, and the addition of titania nanoparticles on the microstructure and properties of the porous ceramic membrane support were investigated. The optimized membrane support featured a pore size of approximately 1.36 µm, achieving a porosity of 42.4% and a pure water permeance of 3700 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1. These findings provide a fundamental groundwork for subsequent endeavors in the development of high-performance ceramic membranes.

High-temperature self-healing behavior of reaction-bonded silicon carbide porous ceramic membrane supports

Reaction-bonded silicon carbide porous ceramics (SCPCs) are increasingly employed as membrane supports for the high-temperature filtration. However, the inevitable expansion of cracks limits their application. Herein, we studied the crack propagation behavior of SCPCs and discovered the commendable self-healing properties at high temperatures. Results show that the optimal healing conditions are 1200 °C for 2 h, which can recover the strength from 41.9% to 88.4%, and maintain the initial pore structure and permeance. This is mainly attributed to the infiltration of the multi-phase oxide melt that healed the cracks rather than the oxidation of SiC. Neck cracks are more prone to healing than surface cracks on SiC particles due to the residual compressive stress and a high proportion of melt volume. Nonetheless, the recovery of residual compressive stress and the crack width constrain the upper limit of strength recovery. These insights lay the groundwork for the high-temperature industrial application of SCPCs.

Study on the preparation of ceramic membrane support and its Fe migration rule by high‐aluminum fly ash as raw material

AbstractIn order to reduce the cost of ceramic membrane support, ceramic membrane support was prepared using high‐aluminum fly ash as raw material, and its Fe migration rules during the preparation process are studied. The effects of sintering temperature, pore forming agent content, and binder content on the properties of support, such as porosity, pore size, bending strength and water flux have been investigated. The optimum contents of high‐aluminum fly ash, pore forming agent and binder in the ceramic membrane support are 95%, 4%, and 1% respectively, and its sintering temperature is 1300°C. The porosity, bending strength, pore size, and water flux of the prepared support are 37%, 22 MPa, 665 nm, and 2800 L/h·m2·MPa, respectively. X‐ray powder diffractometer, X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer, inductively coupled plasma spectrometer, transmission electron microscope, spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy, and laser Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the support and Fe existing morphology in it. The results show that the main phases of sintered support are mullite, corundum, and silica. Massive mullite is produced when the sintering temperature reaches 1200°C. The content of mullite increases with increasing sintering temperature. About 7.7 % content of total Fe in the support exists in the form of Fe2O3. About 92.3% content of total Fe is dissolved into mullite. Fe is evenly distributed in mullite, and it is enriched at the grain boundary by element segregation. Fe in mullite is difficult to dissolve under strong acid conditions, so its stability is very strong.

Silicon carbide ceramic membrane support sintered at 800 °C with low-temperature sintering aid

Silicon carbide ceramic membranes have been widely used in the treatment of various corrosive and high temperature wastewaters. However, SiC is a compound with strong covalent bond, thus the sintering temperature and then the energy consumption during sintering of SiC ceramics is high, which inhibits the scale-up manufacturing of SiC ceramic membranes. Here, a silicon carbide ceramic membrane support was prepared at 800 °C with a low melting-point glaze as the sintering aid. The glaze infiltrated the SiC skeleton during sintering, and gave rise to high fracture strength of the porous ceramics. With the content increase of sintering aid from 10 wt% to 30 wt%, the pore-formation mechanism of the ceramic membrane support transformed from SiC particles packing to SiC aggregations packing, leading to the increase in pore size and decrease in porosity. The permeance and selectivity of the support was investigated via pure-water and oil-in-water emulsion tests. Due to the high hydrophilicity, the pure-water flux increased from 32 L/(m2·h) to 87 L/(m2·h) while the oil rejection decreased from 99.0% to 93.1% with the increase of trans-membrane pressure. This work provides a feasible route for the preparation of SiC porous ceramics with low energy consumption.

Modulating the bactericidal activity and corrosion resistance of Al2O3 porous ceramics through Cu and Fe co-introduction for membrane support application

Ceramic membrane-based filtration is perceived as an energy-saving and chemical-less solution to the wastewater problem. In this work, Cu- and/or Fe-containing Al2O3 porous ceramics were fabricated by powder metallurgy, with Cu and Fe introduction for bactericidal functionalization and Cu stabilization, respectively. The Cu- and Fe-free Al2O3 porous ceramics were composed of irregular α- Al2O3 particles and inter-particle NaAlSiO4 phase. The introduction of Cu resulted in the formation of band-shaped CuO and particle-shaped CuAl2O4 spinel phase in Al2O3 matrix. Further introducing Fe into Cu-containing Al2O3 increased the fraction of particle-shaped CuM2O4 (M=Al/Fe) spinel phase, while decreased that of band-shaped CuO. Without Cu incorporation, Fe reacted with Al2O3 to form Al3Fe5O12 phase. The introduction of Cu resulted in increased linear shrinkage and bending strength, while decreased porosity of Al2O3 porous ceramics. However, the effects of Fe were the opposite. The Cu-containing Al2O3 ceramics exhibited excellent bactericidal activity, but poor acidic corrosion resistance. The co-introduction of Cu and Fe enhanced the acidic corrosion resistance due to Cu stabilization from CuO to spinel phase, while compromised the bactericidal activity to some extent. Together, the results indicate that Cu- and Fe-containing Al2O3 porous ceramics are promising candidate materials for ceramic membrane support application.

Ceramic membrane support based on kaolin and solid waste from hydrodistillation of Rosmarinus officinalis L

Investigations of organic pore-performing agents are becoming of great interest for the improvement of mineral membranes microstructures and also their mechanical and separation performances. The solid residue of Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a kind of green and abundant by-product generated by the hydrodistillation of essential oils (EOs). In this study, the exhausted solid residue of rosemary (ESRRO) was tested as a pore-generating agent for the development of low-cost kaolin-based ceramic membranes. The kaolin and the exhausted solid residue of R. officinalis powders were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of ESRRO and sintering temperature on membranes performances (porosity, water absorption, density, and compressive strength) were evaluated. Prepared ceramic membranes were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of ESRRO revealed the dominance of organic matter (85.21%), for which the degradation temperatures ranged between 115 °C and 600 °C. Regarding kaolin, the characterization analysis showed the dihydroxylation of kaolin into metakaolinite in the range of temperature between 435 and 765 °C. When sintering temperatures rises to 1100 °C, all the amorphous phase of metakaolinite reacted, while the diffraction peaks of the crystal phase of mullite appeared. The results of membrane characteristics revealed that the addition of 10% ESRRO to kaolin-based membranes sintering at 1100 °C improved the membrane porosity which almost doubled. The density and compressive strength decreased, while the water absorption increased with the increase of ESRRO content (2.5%–10%). The SEM analysis indicated the homogenous surface structure of the ceramic supports.

Optimisation of additives on the performance of loess/fly ash-based ceramic membrane supports

Inorganic ceramic membranes have received a lot of attention due to their resistance to acid and alkali corrosion and ease of cleaning and utilisation, however, their high cost has limited their widespread use. To obtain lower-cost ceramic membranes with better performance, in this paper, single-channel tubular ceramic membrane supports were prepared using natural loess and solid waste fly ash as raw materials. This paper firstly investigated the effects of various additives (including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), graphite, calcium carbonate, copper oxide, magnesium oxide, and manganese dioxide,) on the pore size distribution, pure water flux, and flexural strength of the supports to select the appropriate additives; secondly, the response surface methodology was used to determine the amount of each parameter to be added. The results showed that CMC was more viscous and malleable compared to graphite and CaCO3, thus increasing the density and pure water flux of the supports. MnO2 improved both the pure water flux and flexural strength of the supports compared to CuO and MgO. The best sample was obtained when the contents of CMC, MnO2, and kaolinite were 9.85 wt%, 10.62 wt%, and 4.8 wt%, respectively, the best sample obtained exhibited a pure water flux of 4985.52 L·m−2·h−1·MPa−1 and a flexural strength of 45.4 MPa. The support obtained meets the conditions for the application of porous ceramic carriers and provides a viable pathway for the wide application of low-cost ceramic membrane carriers.

Characterization of ceramic membrane support based on Ukrainian kaolin

The production of low-cost ceramic membranes from natural materials has attracted more and more attention in recent years, as it allows them to reduce their cost while maintaining their advantages. The aim of this study was the synthesis of ceramic membrane supports from kaolin of Ukrainian origin and their characterization. The choice of such a raw material as kaolin was dictated by its characteristics, which were investigated by X-ray and chemical analysis, the nitrogen adsorption/desorption method and thermogravimetric analysis. Ceramic membrane supports were prepared by dry pressing method followed by sintering at 950 °C. The phase composition, morphological structure and structural-adsorption characteristics of the synthesized supports has been established. The effect of the content of boric acid on the electrical resistance of the membrane support has been studied. The ceramic supports after modification of silver demonstrated bactericidal and antifungal effects on Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Candida albicans wound pathogens.

Fabrication, characterization and optimization of industrial alpha alumina powders based ceramic membrane supports and its applicative potential for CO2/N2 separation

In this investigation, an economically feasible strategy has been proposed for the fabrication of good quality membrane support by utilizing low-cost industrial-grade alumina powders, coded as A-16SG and CT-1200SG with an average particle size of 0.44 and 1.41 µm, respectively. Herein, the meticulous alteration of the processing parameters and the targeted utilization of industrial grade powders with distinctive particle morphologies have shown promising aspect towards governing the overall sintering and densification behavior, pore morphology and the microstructural facets of the sintered alumina compacts. More precisely, while connecting the structure-property relationship aspect, the broader particle size distribution and the higher quartile ratio of CT-1200SG powders lends to originate relatively higher average pore size and wider pore size distribution in the as-optimized sintered membrane support system in comparison to the narrow particle sized and low quartile ratio comprising A-16SG powder. Additionally, the near surface morphology of the intermediate layers deposited over the two distinctive membrane support systems via implementing differential colloidal chemistry of the respective sols have also been demonstrated for the precise understanding of the role of particle morphology on the progressive perseverance of pore characteristics of the overall asymmetric graded membrane substrate. Finally, the performance evaluation of the alumino-silicate membrane layer assembled on the tailor-made multilayered graded cost-competent alumina support system has been executed which revealed comparable CO2/N2 gas permeance of 46.44GPU and 534.25GPU along with the selectivity of 12.5 and 1.9 for the respective A-16SG and CT-1200SG powders based individual support systems under nearly identical flue gas separation conditions.

Fabrication of ball clay based low-cost ceramic membrane supports and their characterization for microfiltration application

In this study, the uniaxial pressing method was employed to fabricate low-cost ceramic membrane supports using inexpensive clays for microfiltration applications. The primary precursors used to make different membrane supports (S1–S3) were Ball clay and China clay. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), particle size distribution (PSD), contact angle measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed in addition to water flux, porosity, water permeability, and average pore size measurements to characterize the membrane. SEM analysis revealed that the surface morphology of the membrane supports varies significantly depending on the raw material composition. The contact angle analysis of the supports revealed that they are hydrophilic, which is suitable for microfiltration applications. The water permeability, average pore size, and porosity of the membrane supports (S1–S3) were 4.31 × 10−6 – 2.77 × 10−6 m3/m2s kPa, 1.18–0.31 μm, 44–41%, respectively. Furthermore, the membranes' high pH and chlorine resistance show their suitability for use in harsh chemical cleaning. The production cost of membranes based on raw materials, pressing, and sintering was estimated to be Rs.1319/m2 ($17.07), Rs. 978/m2 ($12.66) and Rs. 924/m2 ($11.96) for the supports S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Thus, membrane supports with low-cost clay materials are now suggested for microfiltration applications.

Synthesis of zirconia-ceramic composite membrane employing a low-cost precursor and evaluation its performance for separation of microbially produced silver nanoparticles

In this research, the isolated bacterium Kocuria rhizophila BR-1 was used to produce extracellular silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were separated by dead-end filtration method. Using electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution (PSD) analysis, the synthesised AgNPs were observed to be spherical, with an average size of 48.23 nm and particle size ranging between 20 and 200 nm. The ceramic membrane support was made with low-cost precursors and coated with zirconia nanoparticles via spray pyrolysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area, contact angle, electron microscopy, particle size distribution, porosity, clean water permeability and average pore size was conducted to characterise the composite membrane (CM). The specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution of the prepared zirconia particles were measured to be 22.04 m2/g, 0.083 cm3/g, and 10.9 nm, respectively. The permeability, porosity, and pore size of membrane were 1.08 × 10−7 L/m2hPa, 30% and 100 nm, respectively. Using a coated membrane and a dead-end filtration, the AgNPs were separated from their aqueous solution at distinct pressures (69–345 kPa) and solute concentrations (0.3 g/L and 0.15 g/L). The permeate flow and AgNPs rejection, at 345 kPa transmembrane pressure and 0.3 g/L feed concentration, was found to be around 32.3 L/m2h and 45%, respectively. Our findings suggest that the ceramic membrane can be used to concentrate different metallic nanoparticles from its broth.

Hydrophobic–Hydrophilic Janus Ceramic Membrane for Enhancing the Waste Heat Recovery from the Stripped Gas in the Carbon Capture Process

A novel hydrophilic–hydrophobic ceramic membrane was developed in this study for the waste heat recovery from the hot stripped gas (i.e., CO2 balanced by water vapor) in the CO2-rich solvent-split modified carbon capture process. This Janus ceramic membrane contained a layer of hydrophobic fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) molecules grafted on a hydrophilic Al2O3 ceramic membrane support. With the increase of FAS concentration, the carbon chain length in FAS molecules in addition to the grafting time, the water and solvent contact angles (CAs) of the hydrophobic side of the Janus membrane improved. The hydrophobic side of the Janus membrane also exhibited a good thermal stability under the typical CO2 regeneration temperature. Furthermore, this Janus ceramic membrane improved the waste heat recovery performance when compared with the conventional hydrophilic ceramic membrane. The hydrophobic side of the Janus membrane should orient toward the stripped gas for achieving a high heat recovery performance. With an increase in the water CA of the hydrophobic side of the Janus membrane, the waste heat recovery performance of the Janus membrane first increased and then declined. The optimal water CA was about 106 ± 1.3° in this study. Moreover, once the water CA for the hydrophobic side of the Janus membrane was fixed, the waste heat recovery performance of the Janus membrane was almost fixed no matter what the grafting conditions were adopted. The novel Janus ceramic membrane developed in this study exhibited a great potential to improve the waste heat recovery performance in the carbon capture process.

Research on performance optimization of Loess-based ceramic membrane supports with Bauxite-dolomite-talc as additives

Inorganic ceramic membranes have attracted much attention due to their advantages of long life, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, and easy cleaning, but they have not been widely used due to the high cost. In order to obtain a ceramic membrane with low cost and good performance, in this paper, loess-based ceramic membrane support was prepared by using loess as raw material, bauxite as aluminum source, dolomite as pore-forming agent and talc as plasticizer. Response surface optimization was used to determine the optimal addition parameters of ingredients. In addition, the factors affecting the performance of the supports were analyzed in terms of material composition, microscopic morphology, and porosity. The results show that the addition of talc conduced to avoid the negative impact of the pore-forming effect of dolomite on the mechanical strength of the support, and the optimum proportioning parameters are 48.85 wt% of bauxite, 9.93 wt% of dolomite and 8 wt% of talc. Under this condition, the bending strength was 42.24 MPa, the pure water flux was 8323.73 l·m−2·h−1·MPa−1, and the average pore throat radius was 5.15 μm. The performance of the best sample reaches the application performance of porous ceramic supports, which provides a theoretical basis for the wide application of low-cost ceramic membrane supports.