Emission Centers Research Articles

Enhanced afterglow blue emissions from atomically confined excitons in Pb(II)-doped cadmium-based metal halides

All-inorganic metal halide perovskites possess significant potentiality in lighting, bioimaging, and optical anti-counterfeiting due to their exceptional and unique properties. However, the exploration of efficient, robustly stable, and long-persistent luminescent blue light-emitting materials poses huge challenges, especially in understanding their electronic structure and photophysical processes. In this work, high-purity Pb2+-doped CsCdCl3 crystals were synthesized using a straightforward hydrothermal method. Parts of Pb2+ ions replaced partial Cd2+ sites in the face-sharing octahedra and formed atomically confined excitons around the Pb(II) octahedra. This exciton could emit blue light (423 nm) at room temperature with an enhanced radiation transition probability at a nearly 90% quantum yield. The incorporation of Pb2+ and confined exciton formation not only shifted the emission color region from weak orange to strong blue but also exhibited intrinsic afterglow behavior as CsCdCl3 perovskite. The Raman spectra and TL spectra indicated their polaronic states corresponding to the A1g 244 cm−1 phonon mode coupling to electron, which dominated their afterglow processes in undoped and doped CsCdCl3. These findings could not only facilitate the understanding of atomically confined excitons around dopant ions as dominant emission centers to tune emission color in halide semiconductors, unveiling the nature of afterglow phenomena in this halide material, but could also find unique applications in optical devices.

In situ green synthesis of Rosa sterilis-based carbon dots for Fe3+ fluorescent sensing in baijiu

Baijiu is susceptible to contamination by Fe3+ during brewing and storage, and it is crucial to select a convenient method for the detection of Fe3+. In this work, we developed a one-step hydrothermal in situ green synthesis of blue fluorescent carbon dots (RS-CDs) from Rosa sterilis. A series of characterization of RS-CDs was carried out, and it was found that RS-CDs derived from biomass materials were environmentally friendly and low toxic, with an average particle size of 2.75 nm, a graphitic structure, and a surface rich in functional groups related to C, N, and O atoms. In addition, the PL of RS-CDs exhibited excitation-dependent behavior. The emission center was redshifted from 448 nm to 530 nm at excitation wavelengths ranging from 320 nm to 460 nm. After investigating the selectivity of RS-CDs for different metal ions, we found that RS-CDs had the highest quenching efficiency for Fe3+ and exhibited a static quenching mechanism. The LOD was 0.959 μM in the linear range of 0-140 μM. In addition, RS-CDs were successfully used for the detection of Fe3+ in four kinds of basic flavor baijiu, as well as in different containers for storage of baijiu. The study demonstrated that Rosa sterilis can be used to produce green and low-cost CDs, and the prepared RS-CDs can be conveniently, rapidly and selectively detected Fe3+ in the baijiu system, which is of potential application.

Effect on In3+ co-doping on photoluminescence and scintillation properties of LYSO:Ce crystal

In this work, a series of LYSO:0.03at.% Ce,xat.%In (x=0, 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01) crystals were successfully grown for the first time by the optical floating zone (FZ) method. The effect of In3+ co-doping on photoluminescence and scintillation properties of LYSO:Ce scintillation single crystal was investigated. It was found that at x = 0.001, the overall scintillation performance was optimized. This was attributed to the fact that In3+ co-doping reduces the concentration of Ce2 emission center and accelerates the photoluminescence decay time of Ce3+. The temperature dependence of photoluminescence of unco-doping and 0.001at.% In3+ co-doping samples was also investigated. Combined with density functional theory calculation, the phenomenon of In3+ co-doping leading to a decrease in quenching temperature of decay time was explained in terms of both crossover relaxation and introduction of impurity energy levels.

Assemblies of organic/inorganic colloids and composite films with controlled luminescence through layered Lu-(Eu,Tb,Ce) hydroxides

As a kind of two-dimensional multifunctional material, the optical studies of layered rare-earth hydroxides are receiving growing attention. Herein, the layered lutetium hydroxides (LLuHs) bound with NO3– were fabricated through a hydrothermal process, in which Tb3+, Eu3+ and Ce3+ ions were doped as green, red and blue emission centers, respectively. To improve the luminescence and photofunctional performances of LLuHs, a series of organic benzoic anions were intercalated into LLuHs by ion-exchange reactions. The results indicated that the LLuHs possessed typical lamellar structure and appearance. The luminescence intensities of LLuH:Tb and LLuH:Eu were significantly enhanced through selecting appropriate benzoic anions. Assisted with supporting agent, the LLuH:Tb and LLuH:Eu as well as LLuH:Ce assemblies were exfoliated to two-dimensional nanosheet colloids with bright characteristic emissions. The emitting color of colloids could be modulated by adjusting the volume ratio and excitation wavelength. Under a specific volume ratio, nearly white light emission was observed when irradiated with 254 and 365 nm ultraviolet light, simultaneously. Moreover, the luminescence-controlled transparent composite films were prepared by using the organic/inorganic assemblies, and could be folded and constructed with various shapes. This work expands the members of two-dimensional materials and promotes the photofunctional development of layered rare-earth hydroxides.

Exploring the influence of emissive centers in mono and dinuclear europium(III) complexes for advance lighting applications: Synthesis, characterization and computational modelling

The combination of 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione (TFPB) and pyrazine (pyz) with Eu3+ ions results in the formation of two distinct types of complexes, characterized by general formulae [Eu(TFPB)3(L)2] (here, L is either H2O or pyrazine) and [(Eu(TFPB)3)2pyz]. The impact of surrounding environment on the photophysical properties of synthesized complexes was thoroughly examined. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis revealed the dominance of electric dipole (ED) transition (5D0→7F2) in these complexes. Theoretical calculations via Judd-Ofelt analysis were also performed. These complexes exhibit visible luminescence in both solid and solvated forms. Notably, the luminescence intensity of prepared dinuclear complex is found to be manifolds greater than its mononuclear analogues, affirming the contribution of both metal centers towards emission intensity. Furthermore, the absence of ligand centered emission in prepared complexes suggests the effective energy transfer from coordinated moieties to metal center. CIE color coordinates of prepared Eu(III) complexes, in both solid and solution media, exhibited intense red emission. DFT calculations were conducted to elucidate the distribution of electronic density in synthesized complexes. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of these complexes, including IR, UV, NMR, thermogravimetry and cyclic voltammetry was conducted.

Confinement Microenvironment Regulation of Carbon Dots in Zeolite for Multi-Mode Time-Dependent Phosphorescence Color Evolution.

Matrix immobilization has been proven to be a favored method for enhancing the phosphorescence of carbon dots (CDs), however, it remains a significant challenge to realize time-dependent phosphorescence colors (TDPC) by embedding CDs with single emission center. In this study, we present a novel matrix-controlling strategy to regulate the microenvironment of CDs by doping limited Mn2+ in zeolite. The surrounding environment influences the surface state of the CDs, leading to the formation of different excitons. At low temperatures, Mn-coordinated CDs (C-CDs) show fast-decaying green phosphorescence, while non-coordinated CDs (NC-CDs) exhibit inherent slow-decaying blue phosphorescence. Notably, the energy transfer occurs between NC-CDs and Mn2+ to produce an ultrafast-decaying red phosphorescence, with the intensity of the red component increasing as the temperature rises. The interplay of these luminescent centers with distinct decay rates activates fascinating multi-mode TDPC behavior as the temperature changes, resulting in dynamic afterglow evolutions from red to green at 298 K, orange to green at 273 K, and green to cyan to blue at 77 K. Leveraging the diverse luminescence of CDs@MnAPO-5, a multi-dimensional dynamic afterglow color pattern was developed for advanced anti-counterfeiting applications.

Confinement Microenvironment Regulation of Carbon Dots in Zeolite for Multi‐Mode Time‐Dependent Phosphorescence Color Evolution

Matrix immobilization has been proven to be a favored method for enhancing the phosphorescence of carbon dots (CDs), however, it remains a significant challenge to realize time‐dependent phosphorescence colors (TDPC) by embedding CDs with single emission center. In this study, we present a novel matrix‐controlling strategy to regulate the microenvironment of CDs by doping limited Mn2+ in zeolite. The surrounding environment influences the surface state of the CDs, leading to the formation of different excitons. At low temperatures, Mn‐coordinated CDs (C‐CDs) show fast‐decaying green phosphorescence, while non‐coordinated CDs (NC‐CDs) exhibit inherent slow‐decaying blue phosphorescence. Notably, the energy transfer occurs between NC‐CDs and Mn2+ to produce an ultrafast‐decaying red phosphorescence, with the intensity of the red component increasing as the temperature rises. The interplay of these luminescent centers with distinct decay rates activates fascinating multi‐mode TDPC behavior as the temperature changes, resulting in dynamic afterglow evolutions from red to green at 298 K, orange to green at 273 K, and green to cyan to blue at 77 K. Leveraging the diverse luminescence of CDs@MnAPO‐5, a multi‐dimensional dynamic afterglow color pattern was developed for advanced anti‐counterfeiting applications.

Thermal Quenching of Intrinsic Photoluminescence in Amorphous and Monoclinic HfO2 Nanotubes.

Nanotubular hafnia arrays hold significant promise for advanced opto- and nanoelectronic applications. However, the known studies concern mostly the luminescent properties of doped HfO2-based nanostructures, while the optical properties of nominally pure hafnia with optically active centers of intrinsic origin are far from being sufficiently investigated. In this work, for the first time we have conducted research on the wide-range temperature effects in the photoluminescence processes of anion-defective hafnia nanotubes with an amorphous and monoclinic structure, synthesized by the electrochemical oxidation method. It is shown that the spectral parameters, such as the position of the maximum and half-width of the band, remain almost unchanged in the range of 7-296 K. The experimental data obtained for the photoluminescence temperature quenching are quantitatively analyzed under the assumption made for two independent channels of non-radiative relaxation of excitations with calculating the appropriate energies of activation barriers-9 and 39 meV for amorphous hafnia nanotubes, 15 and 141 meV for monoclinic ones. The similar temperature behavior of photoluminescence spectra indicates close values of short-range order parameters in the local atomic surrounding of the active emission centers in hafnium dioxide with amorphous and monoclinic structure. Anion vacancies VO- and VO2- appeared in the positions of three-coordinated oxygen and could be the main contributors to the spectral features of emission response and observed thermally stimulated processes. The recognized and clarified mechanisms occurring during thermal quenching of photoluminescence could be useful for the development of light-emitting devices and thermo-optical sensors with functional media based on oxygen-deficient hafnia nanotubes.

Pathways to Carbon Neutrality in Civil Engineering

Abstract. With the development of the global economy and trade exchanges worldwide, urban infrastructure and industrial development have become part of the competition among countries. However, the construction industry and the production of chemical materials emit a large amount of carbon dioxide, leading to the continuous deterioration of the environment, so it is necessary to effectively reduce emissions. As a synonym for global emission reduction, carbon neutrality plays an important role in different industries, especially in civil engineering. In this paper, we start with building materials and green construction to explore the realization of carbon neutrality at the source and center of carbon emission in civil engineering. Firstly, we introduce the low-carbon production technologies of cement and steel, including calcium recycling and membrane separation technology in the cement industry, high-temperature combustion technology and carbon capture technology in steel industry. Then, we take renewable concrete as an example to discuss the emission reduction path of green building materials. Finally, it outlines how to carry out green construction, introduces assembly carbon reduction technology and energy integration system, and demonstrates the possibility of this green construction program in the case of "T&A House".

Spatio-temporal heterogeneity and scenario prediction of influencing factors of transportation carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

Abstract Reducing carbon emissions in the transportation sector is a crucial aspect of China achieving its carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. This study investigates the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of carbon emissions from transportation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Using the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression(GTWR) model to reveal the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of factors influencing transportation carbon emissions. Additionally, the Support Vector Regression(SVR) is trained to predict the carbon emissions reduction potential of transportation under different scenarios. The results showed that: From 2000 to 2021, the transportation emissions of the Yangtze River economic belt showed an overall upward trend. The high carbon emission regions are Jiangsu Province, Shanghai, Zhejiang Province and Hubei Province, and the emission center is located in Hubei Province. The total population, urbanization rate, per capita GDP, carbon emission intensity, passenger turnover volume, and civilian vehicle ownership all have a positive effect on transportation carbon emissions, while energy structure has a negative impact. Moreover, the influence of each factor exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity. Under three scenarios: baseline, low-carbon scenario I, and low-carbon scenario II, transportation carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are projected to peak by 2030. With the application of clean energy and a reduction in population size, low carbon scenario II demonstrates greater potential for carbon emission reduction, with a projected value of 88.552 million tons by 2032.

Calcination-Controlled Synthesis of Carbon Dots@MgF2 Composites with Yellow, White, and Ultraviolet-Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Multilevel Information Encryption.

It is attractive but challenging to develop carbon dot (CD) based materials with tunable thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), especially in the long wavelength region. Here, by simply calcinating the mixture of m-phenylenediamine and MgF2 at 300-500 °C, a series of CDs@MgF2 composites exhibiting yellow, white, and ultraviolet-blue TADF with high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 37.6% are prepared. Photophysical studies reveal that the yellow TADF with long lifetimes of 810-1106ms originates from the surface emission centers of CDs, while the ultraviolet-blue TADF with short lifetimes of 266-379ms is related to the carbon core emission centers. The combination of yellow and ultraviolet-blue TADF in a single material triggers dynamic afterglow with time-dependent colors from white to yellow. The MgF2 matrix offers multiple confinement of CDs through a rigid network, strong space constraint, and robust covalent/hydrogen bonding, thus preventing the triplet excitations from non-radiative transitions. The electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms induce substantial spin-orbit coupling and reduce the singlet-triplet energy gap, consequently facilitating the reverse intersystem crossing to enhance TADF efficiency. Importantly, the CDs@MgF2 composites possess outstanding optical stability against water, organic solvents, strong acids, bases, and oxidants. The fascinating TADF features enable the successful demonstration of multilevel information encryption using CDs@MgF2.

Effects of the Oncology Industrial Complex on Academic Cancer Centers

This Viewpoint outlines the missions of academic cancer centers and how they are being affected by the oncology industrial complex along with challenges and suggestions for an aligned way forward.

Unveiling the influence of dopants on structural, defect chemistry, morphological and optical characteristics of NiO nanostructures

Abstract In this paper, undoped and doped (Fe, Co and Fe-Co) nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures have been synthesized using co-precipitation method. Prepared samples were characterized for the structural, compositional, morphological and optical properties using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectrocopy (EDS), UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Structural analysis confirmed the single cubic phase formation of undoped and doped samples. Defect chemistry showed that Fe-Co co-doped NiO possesses a lower density of defects than other samples. SEM results revealed the agglomeration of particles. EDS results confirmed the presence of Ni, O, Fe and Co in the respective undoped and doped samples. Optical analysis revealed the band edge shifts with the incorporation of dopants in the NiO crystal lattice confirmed the variation of band gap energy. Emission peaks were observed in the UV and visible regions. The Incorporation of dopants in the crystal lattice causes variation of emission centers. Surface oxygen vacancies and imperfections significantly impact the emission characteristics of NiO. Variable spectral response of NiO with dopant incorporation has potential for optoelectronic applications.

Controllable Multi‐Exciton Zero‐Dimensional Antimony‐Based Metal Halides for White‐light Emission and β‐Ray Detection

AbstractSelf‐trapped exciton (STE) emission, typified by antimony (Sb), with broadband characteristics, represents the next generation of materials for solid‐state lighting and radiation detection. However, little is known about the multiexciton behavior of the Sb emission center. Here, we proposed a general approach for designing antimony‐centered multi‐exciton emitting materials through self‐assembly. Benefitting from controllable multiexciton behavior, dual‐band white light emission spanning the entire visible spectrum was achieved. Relying on the reduction of an effective atomic number brought by self‐assembly, excellent scintillation response to β‐rays was attained. This study offers unprecedented insight into hybrid single/triple STE emission and unveils new avenues for single‐emitter white‐light emission, as well as radiographic testing using low‐risk β‐rays as sources.

Controllable Multi-Exciton Zero-Dimensional Antimony-Based Metal Halides for White-light Emission and β-Ray Detection.

Self-trapped exciton (STE) emission, typified by antimony (Sb), with broadband characteristics, represents the next generation of materials for solid-state lighting and radiation detection. However, little is known about the multiexciton behavior of the Sb emission center. Here, we proposed a general approach for designing antimony-centered multi-exciton emitting materials through self-assembly. Benefitting from controllable multiexciton behavior, dual-band white light emission spanning the entire visible spectrum was achieved. Relying on the reduction of an effective atomic number brought by self-assembly, excellent scintillation response to β-rays was attained. This study offers unprecedented insight into hybrid single/triple STE emission and unveils new avenues for single-emitter white-light emission, as well as radiographic testing using low-risk β-rays as sources.

Ultra-broadband emission from Mg7Ga2GeO12:Ni2+,Cr3+ phosphor spanning the NIR I–III regions for spectroscopy applications

Ultra-broadband near-infrared (NIR) lighting sources covering NIR Ⅰ to III regions are pivotal components for NIR spectroscopy devices. However, achieving ultra-broadband and efficient emission covering the entire NIR Ⅰ to III regions remains a significant challenge. To address this, we selected Mg7Ga2GeO12 as host material to realize ultra-broadband NIR emission. Density functional theory calculations on formation energies confirmed the feasibility of doping both Ni2+ and Cr3+ within Mg7Ga2GeO12. Band structure calculations reveal a significantly reduced band gap upon the doping of Ni2+. Following that, we synthesized Mg7Ga2GeO12:Ni2+ through conventional solid-state-reaction method. This phosphor exhibits broadband NIR emission with a full-width-at-half-maximum of 377 nm in the range of NIR II ∼ III (1100–2100 nm). To further enhance the emission efficiency, we co-doped Mg7Ga2GeO12:Ni2+ phosphor with Cr3+. This co-doping strategy not only dramatically enhances the Ni2+ emission intensity, but also extends the lower limit of emission band to 600 nm. However, a spectral gap around 1150 nm remains between Cr3+ and Ni2+ emission centers. To bridge this spectral gap, we employed LiScSiO4:Cr3+ phosphor alongside Mg7Ga2GeO12:Ni2+,Cr3+ phosphor to fabricate a phosphor converted LED (pc-LED) with ultra-broadband NIR emission covering entire NIR Ⅰ to III regions. By utilizing this pc-LED as the lighting source for NIR spectral detection, multiple organic functional group signals can be identified simultaneously in NIR II and III bands from 1000 to 2100 nm. The performance of such an NIR pc-LED not only confirms the application potential of Mg7Ga2GeO12:Ni2+,Cr3+ phosphor in non-destructive spectral analysis but also underscores the feasibility of combining two phosphors to achieve ultra-broadband NIR pc-LEDs, rendering them suitable to be lighting sources for portable spectrometers.

Ratiometric temperature sensing with non-thermally coupled levels from Pr–Al co-doped MgGa2O4

Fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique demonstrates significant potential for non-contact temperature sensing with rapid response time, while the design of FIR probes is particularly intriguing. Herein, we report Pr–Al co-doped MgGa2O4 persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs), as MgAl0.04Ga1.96O4: 0.1 % Pr3+ (MAGP), for ratiometric temperature sensing application. Pr3+ ions function as the emission centers for dual-emission at 612 and 494 nm, while Al3+ ions adjust the lattice environment around Pr3+ ions to enhance the luminescence. Consequently, 274 nm excitation induces the emissions at 494 and 612 nm, as the transitions of Pr3+ for 3P0→3H4 and 1D2→3H4, respectively. The emission mechanism is substantiated by density functional theory calculations, regarding the electronic transitions of Pr3+. Ratiometric temperature sensing is achieved over the temperature range of 303–573 K with the thermally non-coupled mechanism of the 3P0/1D2 energy levels by FIR at 612 and 494 nm, respectively. The maximum relative sensitivity was 0.91 %. The mechanism is corroborated as the non-thermally coupled energy levels through intervalence charge transfer. Thus, the reversible and sensitive response was illustrated for temperature measurement and the non-thermally coupled mechanism is efficient for the design of ratiometric temperature sensors.

Carbon Dot-Based Composite with Color Excitation-Dependent Room-Temperature Phosphorescence for Advanced Optical Encryption and Anticounterfeiting.

The phenomenon of multicolor afterglow emission has attracted considerable attention in information encryption, bioimaging, and sensing. Consequently, there is a growing demand for the development of multicolor afterglow and phosphorescence switching methods utilizing carbon dot (CD) materials. Herein, multicolor room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) emission in CD-based materials (PM-CD@BA composite) was achieved by developing multiple emission centers and tuning the excitation wavelength. The color of the afterglow observed in this composite covered from the deep-blue to the green region. The experimental results reveal that under heating treatment, the CDs embedded in inorganic boric acid/B2O3 matrix materials and a rigid framework generated in the composite system effectively suppressed the nonradiative transition and promoted the RTP emission. Finally, high-resolution multilevel RTP 2D code data encryption was realized by inkjet printing technology. The developed concepts of information encryption and anticounterfeiting exhibit the significant potential of CD-based afterglow materials applied in advanced optical applications.

Broadened and enhanced MIR emission in Yb3+/Er3+/Dy3+ triply-doped CaYAlO4 crystal

Yb3+/Er3+/Dy3+ triply-doped CaYAlO4 single crystal was successfully grown to obtain the broadened and enhanced 3 μm MIR emission. The structure characters were studied by XRD measurement. The optical properties and energy transfer mechanism between Yb3+, Er3+, and Dy3+ were investigated according to the measured absorption spectra, emission spectra, and fluorescence decay curves. The absorption spectra show that the triply-doped crystal could be effective pumped by 980 nm due to the introduced of Yb3+ and Er3+. In comparison with Dy3+ singly-doped CaYAlO4 crystal, a broadened and enhanced ∼3 μm MIR emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 286 nm was obtained due to the fact that there exists effective energy transfer process from Yb3+ and Er3+ to Dy3+. For Yb3+, it serves as an effective sensitized ion. For Er3+, it could be not only used as an effective sensitized ion, but also as a 2.7 μm MIR emission center. For Dy3+, it serves as a deactivating ion to solve the self-termination “bottleneck” effect of Er3+, and more importantly, as an emission center to achieve 3 μm emission. The comprehensive effect is to obtain enhanced and broadened MIR emission in the triply-doped crystal. In addition, the corresponding energy transfer efficiency from Yb3+: 2F5/2 to Dy3+: 6H5/2 is as high as 90 %. Hence, the Yb3+/Er3+/Dy3+: CaYAlO4 crystal could be used as promising medium for MIR broadband tunable laser applications.

IntAct Database for Accessing IMEx's Contextual Metadata of Molecular Interactions.

The International Molecular Exchange Consortium (IMEx) has evolved into a vital partnership of open resources dedicated to curating molecular interaction data from the scientific literature. This consortium, which includes IntAct, MINT, MatrixDB, and DIP, is a collaborative effort with a central mission of aggregating detailed molecular interaction experimental evidence in a machine-readable format, supported by controlled vocabularies and standard ontologies. The IntAct molecular interaction database (www.ebi.ac.uk/intact), as an IMEx partner, serves as a valuable portal for accessing IMEx data through user-friendly search options and an array of interactive filters. The resource currently hosts an extensive repository of 1,293,508 binary interactions meticulously captured from 75,098 experiments documented in 23,366 publications (as of the February 2024 release), with this corpora being added to by regular data releases. IMEx curation policy has consistently prioritized a fine-grained data and curation model, with a focus on capturing the relevant experimental details essential for interpreting molecular interaction data effectively. Our curation process is designed to support the generation of interactomes tailored to contexts such as disease-specific or tissue-/cell-type-specific interactomes. These interactions are ranked according to a scoring system based on the Proteomics Standard Initiative Molecular Interaction (PSI MI) standards. This scoring system allows users to assess the degree of confidence in binary interactions, enhancing the value of the data. The resource provides insights into the nature of relationships among interacting partners as defined by the experimental setup and the associated biological context. Interactive filters enable users to navigate these rich, multilayered data, promoting a deeper understanding of biological complexity. Additionally, the IntAct website fosters the creation of networks for collaborative analyses by the scientific community. The recent transformation of the IntAct website, supported by a graph-type database, empowers users to execute custom queries tailored to their specific research interests. This article illustrates the diverse levels of annotations available for interactions and the multiple search options at users' disposal to access data of interest. © 2024 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Using Quick Search, network visualization, and filters Support Protocol: Accessing fine annotations from intact: Unlocking the molecular details Alternate Protocol: Using batch search: Querying multiple interactors Basic Protocol 2: Using advanced search: Precision and customization.