Central Control Unit Research Articles

ANÁLISE DE UM PROTÓTIPO DE BAIXO CUSTO PARA AUXILIAR NA ATRACAÇÃO DE TRANSPORTES FLUVIAIS

This work presents the development of a low-cost prototype to assist in the docking of river transport, using an approximation sensor based on ultrasonic technology to measure the distance between the vessel and the mooring point in order to guarantee safety during anchoring. To solve this need, a functional prototype was built using an Arduino microcontroller as a central control unit, integrated with an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to measure distances, and a 7-segment display to display the data collected in real time. The system allows the captain to have a clear reading of the remaining distance during anchoring, supporting the maneuver safely. Analyzes of the distances measured by the sensor were also carried out to evaluate the precision and functioning of the prototype. The results obtained demonstrated the viability of the proposed system, which uses low-cost electronic components to measure and display the distance between the vessel and the docking location. Its implementation offers an affordable alternative to assist in safe navigation in river transport, especially in riverside communities with limited resources. The study also contributed to discussing new applications of technology, aiming to improve water transport in the country.

Multifunctional Intelligent Reconfigurable Metasurface.

The emergent reconfigurable metasurfaces (RMs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their potential in broad applications. As a general platform, RMs are able to control the reflection (or refraction) of incident waves with predefined functionalities. Nevertheless, the operation of RMs is highly dependent on the arrival direction of incidence. The self-adaptive design of an RM, so that it can respond to varied incident waves automatically, is highly requested in practical implementation, which is actually challenging. This study reports the realization of an intelligent RM (IRM) system, which can detect the arrival direction of impinging waves and respond to the incidence with a predefined functionality accordingly. This IRM system is constructed by integrating a direction of the arrival estimation module, a frontend by the varactor-based metasurface, and a central control unit. In experiments, an IRM system designed for TM polarization is demonstrated to perform various functions, i.e., retroreflection, directional reflection, and fixed-point energy focusing, which are highly requested by edge communication and sensing. The measured results imply that this IRM system responds quite well within a wide incident range from -60° to 60° in a frequency range from 9 to 9.5 GHz. The proposed IRM can be a good candidate for boosting 5G communication and Internet of Things applications, including beam shaping/steering, RCS manipulation, object imaging, and sensor recharging.

IoT Based Smart Traffic Management System using Image Processing and Automated Street Lighting System

Through the integration of image processing, IoT, and automatic street lighting, this study presents a novel solution to urban traffic management. Real-time traffic data, such as vehicle counts and congestion levels, are continuously collected by smart cameras positioned at strategic intersections. A central control unit receives this data and uses sophisticated algorithms to dynamically modify traffic signal timings. Additionally, by including sensors to identify surrounding cars and pedestrians, an automatic street lighting system improves sustainability. This system helps save energy and money by optimizing energy consumption through the ability to change lighting intensity levels as needed. In general, this Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart traffic management system improves efficiency and safety for both commuters and locals by addressing congestion and fostering sustainable urban development

Cloud-fog architecture-based control of smart island microgrid in master-slave organization using disturbance observer-based hybrid backstepping sliding mode controller

Distributed control is an effective method to coordinate the microgrid with various components, and also in a smart microgrid, communication graph layouts are essential since changing the topology unexpectedly could disrupt the operation of the distributed controllers, and also an imbalance may occur between the production and load. Hence, reducing the exchanged data between units and system operator is essential in order to reduce the transmitted data volume and computational burden. For this purpose, an islanded microgrid with multiple agents which is using cloud-fog computing is proposed here, in order to reduce the computing burden on the central control unit as well as reducing data exchange among units. To balance the production power and loads in a smart island with a stable voltage/frequency, a hybrid backstepping sliding mode controller (BSMC) with disturbance observer (DO) is suggested to control voltage/frequency and current in the MG-based master-slave organization. Therefore, this paper proposes a DO-driven BSMC for controlling voltage/frequency, and power of energy sources within a Master-Slave organization; in addition, the study proposes a clod-fog computing for enhancing performance, reducing transferred data volume, and processing information on time. In the extensive simulations, the suggested controller shows a reduction in steady-state error, a fast response, and a lower total harmonic distortion (THD) for nonlinear and linear loads less than 0.33 %. The fog layer serves as a local processing level, so it reduces the exchanged data between cloud and fog nodes.

VocalVision: Smart Wheelchair Maintenance with Pressure Sensors and Machine Learning

The Vocal Vision system introduces an innovative approach to enhancing electric wheelchair maintenance and control. It utilizes a network of sensors embedded within the wheelchair's wheels to gather real-time data on tire pressure, temperature, tread wear, and alignment. This data is wirelessly transmitted to a central control unit. Advanced algorithms, incorporating machine learning and predictive analytics, analyze the data to detect irregularities and predict maintenance needs. Users can control direction, speed, and perform complex maneuvers with precision using voice commands and eye gestures. The wheelchair integrates OpenCV for eye gesture recognition and Google Speech Recognition API for voice commands, enabling intuitive control methods. This proposed method introduces a new assistive technology for individuals with disabilities, leveraging cutting-edge technologies.

An IoT-Based Smart Street Lighting System to Lower Energy Consumption

Smart Lighting System is an automated and intelligent lighting control system that can be deployed across multiple locations or in one location, utilizing various IoT connection protocols, devices, and sensors. The system is able to intelligently adjust to changes in ambient light conditions, traffic patterns, and pedestrian activity through the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. IoT-enabled sensors are installed in every street light, creating a network that connects to a central control unit. Using real-time data, this system dynamically modifies street light brightness to maximize energy efficiency and improve safety. It provides a simulation and optimization tool for street light placement, considering factors such as street length, light distance, and the number of lights ahead. This tool aids in visualizing the power consumption implications of different configurations, promoting efficient urban planning. Demonstrates the energy-saving potential of the proposed system. As the street light intervals and the number of lights ahead decreases, the optimal street light power significantly reduces, leading to substantial energy savings. The system's ability to dim or turn off lights during low-traffic or well-lit periods contributes to reduced operational costs and enhanced sustainability.

Implementation Of Dot Matrix Max7219 For Product Price Display

The advancement of technology has strengthened the role of retail businesses as providers of products and services that are not only efficient but also responsive to market changes. In this context, the implementation of technological solutions such as the Dot Matrix MAX7219 for product price display has become increasingly important in improving operational efficiency and customer experience. This research investigates the development and implementation of such a system using the Wemos D1 Mini microcontroller as the central control unit. Experimental methods were used to design, test, and update the system, focusing on the system's response to changes in product prices and WiFi connection stability. The test results show that the system is able to display prices quickly, accurately, and responsively, while also having an adequate WiFi connection range. The practical implications of this research include the potential adoption of this solution by retail businesses to enhance operational efficiency and customer experience. However, continuity in system development and maintenance remains necessary to ensure the sustainability and success of the implementation in the long term.

Addressing DNS Propagation Challenges with Repurposed STBs, ZeroTier Networking, and Indonesian ISP Integration

PT Transformasi Data Digital (HostData) operates as a web hosting and domain service provider in Indonesia, facing recurring challenges related to DNS propagation. Clients often encounter issues accessing their newly acquired domains or updated DNS records due to a lack of understanding of the propagation process. In response, HostData has developed a DNS Propagation checking system to streamline verification for clients and its support team. This system allows clients to monitor DNS propagation independently, acknowledging variations based on their Internet Service Provider (ISP). Leveraging six local ISPs—Telkomsel, Indosat, XL, Three, Smartfren, and Indihome—the system utilizes repurposed Set Top Boxes (STBs) as mini servers for real-time DNS value verification. These STBs connect via Zerotier to a Virtual Private Server (VPS) with a public IP address, serving as the central control unit. This innovative solution enables clients to confirm domain resolution and serves as an educational tool, offering insights into DNS propagation mechanics.

Un caso di botulismo infantile

A 6-month-old infant had been presenting with weak sucking and reduced spontaneous limb movements for a week. He had constipation problems for 4 days followed by hard stool. Upon admission, blood tests including metabolic screening and instrumental investigations were performed. Upon further inquiry into the family history, it was discovered that the father works as a mason. Due to suspicion of infant botulism, the Poison Control Center Unit of Pavia was contacted, and a faecal sample was sent to the Brescia Zooprophylactic Institute, which tested positive for Clostridium bacteria that produce botulinum toxin subtype B. The infant did not require respiratory or nutritional support. Antitoxin therapy was not initiated, and the infant was discharged upon negative test results. Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease characterized by acute symmetric descending flaccid paralysis caused by neurotoxin. The pathogenetic mechanism involves the botulinum toxin inhibiting the formation of the SNARE complex, crucial for the release of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction.

Application of ZigBee Technology in Smart Soil Temperature and Humidity Control Systems

As global food security increasingly becomes a focus, challenges faced by Chinese agriculture are particularly prominent. This study introduces an intelligent monitoring and control system for soil temperature and humidity using ZigBee technology, aimed at enhancing agricultural production efficiency and crop yield. The system's core, equipped with an STC89C52 microcontroller and DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors, gathers data and wirelessly transmits it to a central control unit via ZigBee modules, which then automatically adjusts the agricultural production environment to ensure crops grow in the most ideal soil temperature and humidity conditions. Compared to traditional methods, this system achieves remote monitoring and precise control, providing an innovative solution for modern agricultural production. Experiments prove that the system not only improves control accuracy but also significantly enhances operational convenience and response speed, playing an important role in promoting the development of smart agriculture.

Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) targeting through intra-nasal route by using nanotechnology emerging as a powerful technique for different brain diseases

The human brain, a highly sensitive organ, functions as the body's central control unit and is naturally protected to preserve neurological health. The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge to the delivery of drugs into the brain. Oral medications face low bioavailability and restricted brain exposure, compounded by rapid metabolism, elimination, unwanted side effects, and the necessity for high doses. These factors lead to inconvenience for patients and substantial costs for patients, their families, and society. The primary obstacle to effective brain penetration of these compounds is the BBB, which safeguards the brain from xenobiotics. Consequently, treating brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, dementia, mood disorders, and bacterial infections is more complex. The intranasal route of administration offers a promising alternative for bypassing the BBB in brain drug delivery, facilitating drug transport from the nasal cavity to the brain via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves.

Systems-Based Safety Analysis for Hydrogen-Driven Autonomous Ships

In the maritime domain, hydrogen fuel cell propulsion and autonomous vessels are two important issues that are yet to be implemented together because of a few challenges. It is obvious that there are several individual safety studies on Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships and hydrogen storage as well as fuel cells based on various risk assessment tools but the combined safety studies that include hydrogen fuel cells on autonomous vessels with recent risk analysis methods are extremely limited. This research chooses the “System-Theoretic Process Analysis” (STPA) method which is a recent method for potential risk identification and mitigation. Both hydrogen and autonomous vessels are analyzed and assessed together with the STPA method. Results are not speculative but rather flexible compared to conventional systems. The study finds a total of 44 unsafe control actions (UCAs) evolved from human and central control unit controllers through STPA. Further, the loss scenarios (LS) are identified that lead to those UCAs so that loss scenarios can be assessed and UCAs can be mitigated for safe operation. The objective of this study is to ensure adequate safety for hydrogen fuel cell propulsion on autonomous vessels.

IOT based Autonomous Location Surveillance System Using PNT Services

The entire set of interconnected devices as well as the technology enabling communication between the devices and the cloud. This article presents an innovative Internet of Things (IOT)based autonomous location monitoring system that is made possible by Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services. The system allows for real-time tracking and surveillance of objects or persons by combining Internet of Things sensors and communication modules with PNT technologies like GPS, Galileo, or GLONASS. The technology uses advanced machine learning techniques and algorithms to automatically identify and evaluate anomalies in the monitored area. It then swiftly reports these findings to the relevant authorities.PNT services are seamlessly linked to ensure accurate and reliable location, even in challenging Environment. In addition to being adaptable, scalable, and compatible with existing infrastructure, the Technology has a wide range of applications, including border security, asset protection, and perimeter monitoring. This work advances the possibilities of autonomous surveillance systems. In depth features provided by the research include mobile number identification (subject to legal and regulatory constraints), real-time location visualization, and centralized vehicle data management for enhanced fleet management, security, and operational effectiveness The development of sophisticated solutions that make use of precision navigation and timing (PNT) and the internet of things (IOT) has been spurred by the growing need for effective location based surveillance systems. Edge computing units, a central control unit and a monitoring and control user interface are important parts of the system. Data is processed locally with edge computing, which lowers latency and improves response times. to create a self-contained location monitoring system using precise PNT services and IOT technology. Keywords: IOT, Real-Time Tracking, Vehicle Management, Python Flask, Mobile Number Tracking, Data Fetching

IoT Based Antenna Positioning System

An IOT-based antenna’s position system aimed at optimizing connectivity. Through IoT-enabled actuators, the system enables remote adjustment of antenna orientation, managed by a central control unit. Real-time monitoring ensures accurate alignment for optimal signal reception, enhancing communication reliability. Key advantages include remote accessibility, allowing users to control antennas from anywhere with internet connectivity, and scalability, facilitating seamless integration into existing infrastructure. By leveraging IoT technology, the system empowers users with enhanced control over wireless communication networks, offering efficient and reliable antenna positioning solutions across diverse applications.

Experimental Study on Automated Controller of Street Light Management System using IoT

In order to ensure public safety and support nighttime activities, street lighting is crucial to the urban landscape, and this study starts by contextualizing its importance. It then goes on to analyze the shortcomings of the current street lighting systems, which are typified by their static control methods and poor environmental response.These shortcomings underscore the urgent need for a paradigm shift towards more intelligent and adaptive solutions. The core proposition of this project lies in the design and implementation of an advanced street light management system empowered by IoT technology. At its heart, the system comprises a sophisticated network of interconnected devices, including sensors, actuators, and a central control unit. These components collaborate synergistically to capture, analyze, and act upon real-time data gleaned from the surrounding environment. Through the application of cutting-edge data analytics and machine learning algorithms, the system autonomously adjusts lighting levels in accordance with fluctuating parameters such as ambient light levels, traffic density, weather conditions, and pedestrian activity. By dynamically optimizing energy usage while ensuring adequate illumination, the system not only enhances operational efficiency but also contributes to cost reduction and environmental sustainability. Moreover, the proposed system incorporates proactive maintenance features, enabling early fault detection and remote diagnostics. This capability minimizes downtime and enhances system reliability, thereby mitigating the operational challenges associated with traditional street lighting infrastructure. The project further explores the conceptual framework of IoT, elucidating its transformative potential in revolutionizing urban infrastructure management. By seamlessly integrating physical devices with digital intelligence, IoT facilitates the creation of interconnected ecosystems wherein data-driven decision-making and automation converge to drive unprecedented efficiency and innovation

AUTOMATIC LABORATORY LIGHTING SYSTEM WITH AN INFRARED BASE

The "Infrared-Based Automatic Laboratory Lighting System" represents a novel way to improve energy efficiency and stoner comfort in lab environments. Conventional laboratory lighting systems often warrant rigidity and efficacy, leading to unnecessary energy usage and inadequate lighting. In order to overcome these obstacles, this design incorporates a smart lighting control system that uses infrared (IR) detectors to identify the presence of mortals inside the laboratory. The primary operation of the system entails placing IR detectors in strategic locations across the lab space. These detectors monitor individuals continuously and relay the data they find to a central control unit that is based on a microcontroller platform. The control unit initiates the activation or adaptation of lighting institutions in the vicinity of detected movement upon detection of a mortal presence. This guarantees that the lighting is optimized for continuous conditioning, providing suitable lighting while reducing energy waste during periods of unoccupied occupancy. Crucial features of the proposed system include real-time responsiveness and rigidity to varying residency patterns. The integration of IR detectors with the microcontroller-grounded control unit enables a nippy and accurate discovery of mortal presence, allowing the system to acclimate lighting situations instantly as individuals enter or leave the laboratory space. Additionally, the system can be configured to generate lighting configurations based on particular circumstances, including ambient lighting for common spaces or task lighting for lab workstations. Apart from enhancing energy efficiency, the method places emphasis on the safety and experience of stoners. The technology lowers the risk of accidents or crimes related to dim illumination by providing appropriate and safe lighting conditions that are tailored to the functional needs of the laboratory. Similarly, the automation of lighting control eliminates the need for handcrafted solutions, allowing laboratory workers to focus on research or experimentation. All things considered, the "Infrared-Based Automatic Laboratory Lighting System" provides stoner-friendly and environmentally friendly outcomes to improve lighting operations in laboratory settings. By promoting energy conservation, perfecting the stoner experience, and ensuring safety, this system contributes to the advancement of effective and sustainable practices in laboratory operations. Keywords: LED (light emitting diode), microcontroller, Internet of Things, sensors, relay mechanism, and LCD (liquid crystal display).

Coin Insertion Based EV Car Charging System Using Raspberry PI PICO

The coin insertion-based Electric Vehicle (EV) charging system represents a novel approach to enhance accessibility and convenience in EV charging infrastructure. This system integrates a coin based payment mechanism with Raspberry Pi technology to provide users with an alternative and straightforward payment option. Utilizing a Raspberry Pi as the central control unit, the system interfaces with EV charging hardware, a coin acceptor, and sensors to facilitate the charging process. Users can effortlessly charge their EVs by inserting coins, addressing the needs of individuals who prefer cash transactions or lack access to digital payment methods. The system ensures safety compliance, calculates charging duration based on coins inserted, and offers a user friendly interface displaying charging status and payment information. This abstract presents an innovative solution to broaden the accessibility of EV charging services by incorporating a familiar and efficient payment method in tandem with modern technology

Intelligent Traffic Light Control System

Abstract: The "Intelligent traffic light control system " project introduces an innovative approach to traffic management, aiming to expedite emergency vehicle passage. Utilizing Zigbee and Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, this system assigns a unique RFID tag to each vehicle, enabling precise tracking and control at traffic junctions. The scenarios involving emergency vehicle clearance, the system's responsiveness shines. When an emergency vehicle clearance approaches, the system rapidly receives the signal from zigbee transmitter associated with it and promptly triggers a green signal at the traffic junction. This prioritization ensures that emergency vehicles can navigate the traffic with minimal delays, potentially saving lives. Another remarkable feature of the system is stolen vehicle detection capability. In the event that a vehicle with a specific RFID tag is reported as stolen, the system is programmed to take action. It sends immediate SMS notifications to relevant authorities, such as law enforcement or the vehicle owner. This proactive response enhances the chances of recovering stolen vehicles and contributes to overall security. The hardware components of this system include Arduino Uno. Arduino Uno serves as the central control unit, processing RFID data and executing signal adjustments, while the GSM module facilitates real-time communication, enabling SMS alerts and notifications. The " Intelligent traffic light control system " project exemplifies how RFID technology and zigbee technology can revolutionize traffic management. By incorporating data analysis and automation, this system offers a multifaceted solution to common traffic-related challenges.

Smart Automated Irrigation System using Wireless Technology

Abstract: The need for agricultural output has surged due to the exponential rise of the world population, resulting in a strain on water supplies and a need for more effective irrigation systems. The goal of this project is to optimize water utilization in agricultural settings by presenting an automated and intelligent irrigation system. Based on current soil moisture levels, the system monitors and regulates irrigation using soil moisture sensors, an Arduino Nano, and a Raspberry Pi 3B+. By converting analog signals from the soil moisture sensor into digital data, the Arduino Nano serves as an analog-to-digital converter. This digital data is sent to the Raspberry Pi 3B+, which acts as the central control unit. A MOSFET is then triggered to activate a relay that is coupled to a 5V DC water pump when the moisture levels drop below a certain threshold. The system also has wireless connection, which enables remote control and monitoring via an Android application. Users have the ability to manually override the automatic system if needed, monitor the moisture content of the soil, and turn on or off the water pump. This feature improves the usability and flexibility of the system.

Sensor Based Human Activity Recognition

Abstract: This project presents the design and implementation of a smart home system that harnesses the capabilities of infrared (IR) sensors and temperature sensors. In the contemporary landscape of technological innovation, smart homes offer unparalleled convenience, comfort, and energy efficiency. Leveraging these sensors, our system aims to automate various household tasks while intelligently responding to environmental changes and user preferences. The integration of IR sensors enables motion detection and occupancy sensing, facilitating automatic control of devices such as lighting and security systems. Meanwhile, temperature sensors contribute to efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) management by adjusting settings based on ambient conditions. Through a centralized control unit and user-friendly interface, homeowners can monitor and manage their smart home remotely, enhancing their overall living experience. This paper discusses the system's objectives, proposed architecture, implementation details, and potential benefits, underscoring its significance in modernizing residential living spaces.