Central Sulawesi Research Articles

Improvement of the Surveillance Protocols After Experiencing a Pseudo-Epidemic After 2018 Central Sulawesi Earthquake in Indonesia.

Following a disaster, a pseudo-epidemic can occur due to redundant and duplicated data caused by infrastructure and information system disruptions. This study aims to investigate whether there have been improvements the post-disaster surveillance system in the comparison of diarrhea incidents between Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, and Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. We conducted an analysis of the epidemic-prone disease diarrhea before and during disasters, comparing the data with secondary data from the Early Warning Alert and Response System (EWARS) and the District Health Information System V.02 (DHIS-2). In central Sulawesi in 2018 and Cianjur in 2022, we observed an upsurge in diarrhea cases in the first week after the disaster. Although diarrhea cases increased after the disaster, they remained within acceptable outbreak criteria. Multiplication and redundant data were detected in the DHIS-2 system in Central Sulawesi, likely leading to erroneous overreporting. Changes in surveillance officers and their personal experiences during the disaster contributed to data inconsistencies. As compared to Central Sulawesi, the DHIS-2 reporting form in Cianjur was simplified as an individual form to enhance efficiency and accuracy. Enhancing valid assessment and conducting thorough investigations are essential to improve surveillance protocols for epidemic-prone diseases following disasters.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA PETERNAKAN SKALA MENENGAH PROGRAM UMKM PADA RUMAH PEMOTONGAN AYAM KAMPUNG(STUDI KASUS RPA LA’TANSA DI KECAMATAN PALU SELATAN KELURAHAN BIROBULI UTARA)

Central Sulawesi Province has an area of ​​61,841.29 km^2 consisting of 13 Regencies/Cities with a population of 2,921,715 people or 719,031 households and a population of 77,004 free-range chickens spread across several areas of Palu City (Central Statistics Agency, 2016). Palu City as an autonomous region has various resources that can be developed to achieve the main goal of economic development, so that it can increase the number and types of employment opportunities for regional communities so that community welfare is more equitable. In an effort to achieve this goal, the government must be able to develop potential economic sectors, one of which is free-range chicken farming so that it develops as a leading sector. With the hope that this sector will be able to contribute to the community's economy, especially medium-sized farms with MSME capital. Extensive-traditional or free range chicken rearing system. Even though there are breeders who carry out intensive cultivation, they are still very limited in terms of capital and marketing. This is what makes the total production of the free-range chicken population in the city of Palu lower when compared to other cities, so it is necessary to conduct a study on income analysis of the medium-scale free-range chicken business for the UMKM program in the City of Palu. The aim of this research is to find out how much income middle-scale chicken traders earn from the MSME program at RPA LA Tansa, South Palu District, North Bureaubuli Village and to find out the feasibility of selling free-range chickens at RPA Latansa. This research will be carried out at RPA Latansa from February to April 2024 . This research method uses a survey method. The research design uses a type of quantitative descriptive research, namely a research procedure that uses descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words (interviews) with respondents, then the research data obtained is simplified in table form by displaying the number and average, then analyzed again sequentially. descriptive. The data analysis used is Revenue Analysis, Cost Analysis, Income Analysis and R/C Ration business feasibility analysis. Based on an analysis of income calculations, the Latan'sa chicken slaughterhouse (RPA) business income for one month is IDR. 38,722,708 which shows that the Latan'sa chicken slaughterhouse (RPA) business is making a profit

Analysis of the Characteristics Aquatic Ecosystem Poso Energy Hydropower Plant in Lake Poso Central Sulawesi

It is feared that the use of the Poso Energy Hydroelectric Power Plant (PLTA) and various industrial, agricultural, and domestic waste disposal activities can reduce the quality of Poso Lake waters. Until now, studies on the impact of PLTA on waters quality have never been carried out. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the ecosystem quality of Lake Poso waters based on phisical, chemical, and biological parameters. The research was conducted using the sampling method at 6 location points in the area before the PLTA, around the PLTA, and after the PLTA from July to September 2022. Data were analyzed statistically with ANOVA. The results showed that phisical parameters (TSS, odor, colour, turbidity), chemical (pH, DO, BOD, COD, NO3-N, total phosphate), and biological (fecal coliform, plankton diversity) showed significantly different values in the area before PLTA, around PLTA, and after the PLTA. The existence of PLTA is concluded to have an impact on changes the waters quality. A management strategy that accomodates more environmental factors is needed to ensure the sustainability of Lake Poso aquatic resources.

Characterizing spatial patterns among freshwater fishes and shrimps of the Poso River (Sulawesi, Indonesia) using DNA barcoding

Fish biodiversity assessments are vital for understanding threats and aquatic ecosystem health. In the Poso River, Central Sulawesi, changes in biodiversity are influenced by habitat alteration, non-native species, and overfishing. This study evaluates fish and crustacean biodiversity in the Poso River system to address these challenges for improving fisheries management, conservation, and fish passage integration into hydropower development. The present biodiversity study utilized a comprehensive methodology that encompassed both traditional taxonomic approaches and DNA barcoding, specifically targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit-1 (COI) gene for accurate species identification and spatial boundary validation. The survey was conducted in the upstream, hydropower area and downstream areas of the river. We found 27 species of fish in the Poso River, including both native (e.g., Anguilla celebesensis, Oryzias nebulosus, Rhyacichthys aspro) and non-native species (e.g., Melanochromis auratus, Amphilophus trimaculatus, Oreochromis niloticus). Two International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red listed endangered species were also observed (e.g., Adrianichthys poptae and Mugilogobius sarasinorum). DNA barcoding was performed to examine species spatial boundaries. The fish population in the Poso River was dominated by non-native species, accounting for 85.70% of the total population. The upstream reaches had the highest fish abundance and diversity, while the downstream reaches had the lowest. There was, however, no significant difference in species richness and diversity across different locations and seasons. The dominance of non-native species in the Poso River necessitates the improvement of existing fishways within the hydropower dams potentially through the development of selective technology that can block the distribution of these non-native species. This research highlights the critical issue of non-native species proliferation and the potential threat they pose to native fish populations, providing valuable insights for conservation and management efforts in Indonesia and similar ecosystems worldwide.

Application of 360 Camera Technology and Excavator Operator Workload at a Nickel Ore Mine and Its Implication for Work Accident Rates Using the Nasa-TLX Method

Indonesia, as one of the largest nickel producers in the world, has around 90% of nickel reserves spread across various regions, such as Central Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, and North Maluku. Even though demand for nickel continues to increase, a severe problem that needs attention is the rate of work accidents in mining fields. Most heavy equipment accidents that occur are caused by operator negligence while operating. This negligence can occur when operators are in a hurry, make mistakes while using heavy equipment, or do not have proper work time management. This research aims to analyze the impact of 360-degree camera technology on excavator operators in nickel ore mines on work accident rates and operator workload. The case study was carried out at PT Rifky and Raisha Anursyah using the NASA-TLX method to measure workload. In contrast, the number of accidents that occurred to each operator within one month was used to measure work accidents. The 360 camera technology provides a comprehensive view of the work environment, allowing operators to monitor the surrounding area better and reduce blind spots. The research results show that applying this technology can reduce the risk of work accidents and increase the work efficiency of excavator operators. With better monitoring, operators can identify potential hazards earlier and reduce the risk of accidents. Workload evaluation using NASA-TLX shows a decrease in operator workload after implementing 360 camera technology. This research provides strategic recommendations for workload management and implementing safety technology in the mining industry.

Folklore on Kayori: An Oral Tradition about Natural Disasters in Central Sulawesi

The characteristics of Indonesian society are firmly attached to the image of expressing language orally, which has been done since long ago and has survived until now. Folk beliefs and imagination are the main essences of cultured human life when creating stories. Although the current situation signifies a modern life, the researcher argued that folklore is an oral tradition still relevant to life’s context substantially and functionally, as on kayori from Central Sulawesi. This research aimed to revitalise kayori as folklore in Central Sulawesi, an oral tradition about natural disasters. The researcher generated knowledge in this research qualitatively as a method that included a literature review study. The researcher collected and used reference sources related to the variables of this study. The research showed that kayoriis a folklore that affirms oral tradition as an art to express the function of learning and remembering the messages in poems and sounds. The messages of kayori have implications for practical actions for the community regarding natural disaster mitigation related to disaster policy, ethics, religiosity, and ecological values. In the end, the verbal art of kayoriremained a part of the futuristic world because it provided knowledge on humanitarian and environmental aspects related to natural disasters in the contemporary era.

Fostering resilient recovery: An intervention for disaster-affected teachers in Indonesia

Disasters leave survivors at heighted risk of negative psychological consequences. Teachers require post-disaster psychosocial support, given their added responsibility for supporting their students' recovery. However, alongside coping with their own mental health, teachers often lack training to support students psychologically. This study addresses this gap by detailing an intervention designed to foster resilient recovery among secondary school teachers in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, to enhance their ability to support both themselves and their students after a devastating earthquake/tsunami.Teachers (n = 37) from three disaster-affected schools participated in a one-day workshop exploring collective strengths and strategies to develop their own and their students’ post-disaster resilience, featuring the Tree of Life activity. Impact was evaluated using a pre-post intervention design. Findings from a three month follow up demonstrated significant improvements across various resilience-related measures, including personal resilience, community resilience, social support, adaptive coping strategies, psychological help seeking, earthquake anxiety, post-traumatic stress, complex post-traumatic stress and fatalism. Open-ended survey responses indicated that most teachers reporting subjective improvements in their own recovery and their capacity to support students psychologically. This study emphasises the importance of creating teacher interventions underpinned by disaster recovery theory, which offer practical skills to foster post-disaster psychosocial recovery. While the intervention exhibits promising initial results, future research would benefit from an evaluation using a randomised control group.

Effects of the Local Environment and Nutritional Status on the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Children Under 5 Years Old in Indonesia.

This study aimed to map the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) among under-5 children in Indonesia, address the triple burden of malnutrition, and analyze the impact of malnutrition on ARIs, taking into account the environmental and wealth disparities in Indonesia. This study utilized an ecological design, analyzing aggregate data from the Indonesia Nutrition Survey, 2022. It encompassed 33 provinces and 486 districts/cities, involving a total of 334 878 children under 5 years of age. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the relationships among wealth, environment, malnutrition (stunting, wasting, and underweight), and ARIs. The proportion of ARI cases in Indonesia was generally concentrated in central Sumatra, the western and eastern parts of Java, and eastern Papua. In contrast, the northern part of Sumatra, central Kalimantan, central Sulawesi, and central Papua had a higher proportion of malnutrition cases compared to other regions. Negative associations were found between malnutrition and ARIs (path coefficient =-0.072; p<0.01) and between wealth and environment (path coefficient =-0.633; p<0.001), malnutrition (path coefficient=-0.399; p<0.001), and ARIs (path coefficient=-0.918; p<0.001). An increasing wealth index is expected to contribute to reducing ARIs, malnutrition and environmental burdens in the future. This study emphasizes the necessity for focused strategies that address both immediate health challenges and the underlying socioeconomic determinants to improve child health outcomes in the Indonesian context.

Safety Profile of Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik Ethanol Leaf Extract: Acute Toxicity Study in Animal Models

Abelmoschus Manihot (L.) Medik, commonly known as Abelmoschus manihot, is a traditional medicinal plant from Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, widely utilized for its potential health benefits. This research aims to evaluate the acute toxicity of ethanol extract from Abelmoschus manihot leaves, focusing on determining the lethal dose (LD50) in rats. The study involved extracts being administered at a range of doses of 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/ kg, and 2000 mg/Kg of body weight (BB) in a rat population. Rats were observed for 24 hours to look for signs of toxicity and death. The LD50 value, which determines the dose required to cause death in 50% of the test population, is calculated based on the results. This research provides insights into the safety profile of ethanol extract from Abelmoschus manihot leaves and contributes to understanding its potential risks when used in traditional medicine. No significant deaths were observed at lower doses, but higher doses resulted in observable toxic effects, indicating the need for careful dosing in therapeutic applications. The results show that although Abelmoschus Manihot did not exhibit acute toxic effects on rats at doses of 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg body weight. No significant deaths or severe toxic symptoms were observed during the 24-hour observation period up to the 14-day observation, and there were no differences in the body weight of the rats during the 14-day observation

Dynamics of Religious Conversion from Islamic Education Perspective: Study at the Central Sulawesi Regional Center for Mualaf Foundation

This research aims to discuss the dynamics of religious conversion of converts to Islam and their coaching patterns at the Central Sulawesi Regional Mualaf Center Foundation. This study uses a qualitative method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and written document reviews. This research interview involved administrators of converting foundations, converts, and local religious department officials. This research shows that the conversion of converts to Islam at the Central Sulawesi Regional Mualaf Center Foundation occurred because of guidance and marriage. The purpose of receiving guidance is that the informants studied religion before taking the shahada because of God's guidance, while religious conversion was due to marriage, and the informants studied religion after marrying a Muslim partner. The religious conversion process occurs through seven stages: (1) Macro and micro context stages. In the macro context, informants experience pressure from family, the people closest to them, and the family's economic situation. There are two patterns of coaching for converts to Islam at the Central Sulawesi Regional Mualaf Center Foundation, namely: Pre-syahadat coaching, where the Mualaf Center Foundation programs pre-syahadat coaching or what is known as pre-syahadat discussions which are carried out through question and answer sessions about Christianization and the basics of Islam. After the discussion process, the individuals decide to embrace Islam, and then the foundation carries out the prayer process and indicates that the individual has officially converted to Islam.

Technical Study of the Concept of Permanent Housing Relocation around the Palu Koro Fault after the 28 September 2018 Disaster

The earthquake that struck Central Sulawesi on September 28, 2018, had a significant impact on Palu City, Donggala Regency, and Sigi Regency. The impact included a tsunami along the coast of Palu Bay and liquefaction in several areas, leading to extensive damage to infrastructure. As part of the post-disaster recovery efforts, permanent shelters (HUNTAP) are being constructed for the survivors. The purpose of this research is to perform a technical assessment of residential relocation based on risk factors that could lead to future disasters. The method involves descriptive analysis, including the following stages: (1) Reviewing literature from various journals, regulations, technical provisions, and related databases, and (2) identifying variables and criteria that could lead to disasters in areas designated for permanent residential relocation. The research results reveal several influential variables, as follows: (1) Potential for flooding, including: (a) high rainfall, (b) susceptibility to air infiltration, (c) risk of flash floods, (d) erosion of river basins, (e) sedimentation, (f) availability of adequate drainage system facilities; (2) risk of landslides is significantly influenced by: (a) shear angle, (b) pore water pressure, (c) slope gradient; (3) liquefaction indicators include (a) Groundwater level less than 10 meters, (b) sandy soil thickness less than 12 meters underground, (c) increased surface earthquake activity, (d) soil density; (4) tsunami risk is associated with several influential variables: (a) Shallow epicenter with a depth of less than 33 km (b) angle and type of fault, with thrust or thrust faults being the most dominant, (c) distance from the epicenter and location in the middle of the sea, (d) characteristics such as beach shape, open beach morphology, low surface slope, and seabed depth; (5) high current voltage is indicated by the distance and type of voltage capacity; and (6) airplane trajectories are influenced by runway distance and flight path.

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEJADIAN ANEMIA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BIROMARU

Anemia is a common problem frequently experienced by pregnant women, where the hemoglobin levels in the blood fall below normal. This condition is often caused by an iron deficiency. This research aims to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women in the work area of Biromaru Health Center, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The research method employed is quantitative with a cross-sectional analytical approach, aiming to observe the relationship between various variables without intervention. The sample consisted of 76 pregnant women. The results indicate a significant relationship between knowledge, attitude, adherence to iron tablet consumption, and nutritional status and the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women in the area. Pregnant women's knowledge about anemia significantly afFects the incidence of anemia. Positive attitudes towards health and adherence to iron tablet consumption also have a significant impact on preventing anemia in pregnant women. In conclusion, the importance of knowledge, positive attitudes towards health, adherence to iron tablet consumption, and attention to nutritional status in preventing anemia in pregnant women is highlighted. Efforts to improve knowledge and awareness among pregnant women, as well as appropriate iron supplementation, can be efFective steps in addressing the issue of anemia in pregnant women in the area.

FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGGUNAAN KONTRASEPSI IUD (Intra Uterine Device) DI PUSKESMAS TINGGEDE

The Family Planning (FP) program has been proven to be one of the most effective efforts to reduce maternal mortality rates. This study aims to identify factors influencing the use of intrauterine device (IUD) contraception in Tinggede Community Health Center, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province in 2024. The study uses a cross-sectional analytical method with a sample size of 130 FP acceptors at Tinggede Community Health Center. The results show that knowledge, attitude, and the husband's support significantly influence the use of IUD. The higher the knowledge, attitude, and husband's support, the higher the rate of IUD usage. The study also finds that subjective norms do not significantly influence the use of IUD. This indicates that community norms do not greatly affect women's decisions to use IUDs. In conclusion, knowledge, attitude, and the husband's support are important factors influencing the use of IUD at Tinggede Community Health Center, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve husbands' knowledge and support for IUD to increase the use of this contraceptive method in the community. Keywords: IUD, knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, husband's support

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN KESIAPSIAGAAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP BENCANA BANJIR DI DESA BETALEMBA KABUPATEN POSO

Background: Flooding is one of the natural disasters occurring in many cities worldwide and has significant impacts on physical and psychological health, as well as property damage and loss. Community preparedness in facing flood disasters is essential to mitigate these impacts. Objective: To examine the relationship between knowledge and community preparedness attitudes toward flood disasters in Betalemba Village, Poso Regency. Research Method: This study employs a quantitative research design with a cross-sectional approach. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 91 community members from Betalemba Village in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Data were collected using the Community Knowledge of Flood Disasters Questionnaire and the Community Preparedness Attitudes Toward Flood Disasters Questionnaire. Fisher’s Exact test was used to examine the relationship between variables. Results: There is a significant relationship between community knowledge and community preparedness attitudes toward flood disasters (p = 0.023 < 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge is related to community preparedness attitudes toward flood disasters in Betalemba Village, Poso Regency. Suggestion: This study recommends implementing activities to enhance community preparedness attitudes in facing flood disasters, such as introducing flood disaster knowledge and participating in disaster preparedness training.

Psychological Resilience Following Disasters: A Study of Adolescents and Their Caregivers

Resilience, the process of successful adaptation to adverse circumstances, is traditionally studied as an individual characteristic. However, more recent multisystem perspectives underline the interrelatedness of systems, within and outside of the individual, in shaping coping and adaptation processes. This challenges the assumption that pathways to resilience are the same across the world, given the diversity in people’s contexts globally. In light of the preponderance of resilience research being conducted in higher-income countries, this study taps pathways to resilience in survivors of the 2018 earthquake-tsunami-liquefaction disaster in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Guided by a social representations approach and using a novel free association technique, forty caregiver-adolescent dyads (N = 80) who survived the disaster were interviewed regarding their subjective experiences of coping and adaptation. Thematic analysis of their narratives demonstrated that survivors focused on mutual support, religious beliefs and intrapersonal psychological resources of seeking strength and calmness as routes for fostering psychological recovery. The results foreground group-specific aspects of such resilience: differences between caregivers and adolescents highlight how social roles and life stage shape resilience-related beliefs and practices. Moreover, the form their resilience takes is underpinned by sociocultural values of reciprocity and social cohesion. Thus, this paper points to similarities in resilience processes across contexts, but also to differences shaped by societal roles, developmental stage and cultural values.

Impact of Nutritional Interventions and Antenatal Care on Stunting in Indonesia: A Systematic Review

Maternal nutrition is vital for fetal growth, infant health and survival, and long-term development. Indonesia is ranked as the country with the highest number of stunting cases in Southeast Asia. To address this, the government has prioritized preventing stunting by providing iron tables to adolescent girls, offering antenatal care (ANC) and nutritional interventions to pregnant women, and providing nutritional support to children. Despite some progress, the reduction rate still needs to be increased to meet targets, partly due to health services and resource disparities. This study systematically reviews the literature on the impact of nutritional interventions ANC on stunting prevention in Indonesia. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles were sourced from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and ProQuest databases, with only articles discussing the impact of nutrition and ANC interventions on stunting in Indonesia included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of the studies. Searches across five databases yielded 245 articles. After screening, ten articles were selected for analysis. The results indicated that nutrition and ANC interventions positively impacted the reduction of stunting prevalence, with several studies reporting significant reductions in areas such as Malang, Central Sulawesi, and Kalimantan. Further research is needed to assess the long-term effectiveness of these interventions and develop more effective and sustainable intervention models.

Health-related quality of life of outpatients living with acute and chronic diseases in 3 government hospitals in Parigi Moutong District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

ObjectivesTo present the EQ-5D utility score in outpatients with chronic and acute diseases and investigate the factors that affect HRQoL in outpatients in three government hospitals in Parigi Moutong District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.MethodsWe gathered two primary types of data: clinical conditions from hospital databases and sociodemographic information gathered through participant interviews. We used the EQ-5D index score quintiles as the dependent variable in an ordinal regression analysis to look at the multivariate relationships between the socioeconomic characteristics of the participants and their clinical conditions.ResultsThe median EQ-5D index score of Indonesian outpatients was 1.00 [0.88–1.00]. Mobility and pain/discomfort dimensions are the most frequently reported problems, particularly among participant complaints relating to joints and extremities. Moreover, living in rural regions, retirement age, being female, and having a divorced marital status are sociodemographic variables linked to decreased EQ-5D index scores. Reported issues, particularly in the areas of self-care and activities, increase with the use of herbal medication.ConclusionOur study provides estimates of outpatient EQ-5D index scores applicable for pharmacoeconomic analysis. Outpatients with certain conditions, especially those with impaired mobility and pain, need special attention.

Environmental factors associated with Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis snails in a schistosomiasis-endemic area in Napu, Central Sulawesi.

The presence of the freshwater snail Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis in their habitats is influenced by abiotic environmental factors (nutrients, water salinity, and predators) that play a crucial role in maintaining snail survival. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between environmental factors and the presence of O. hupensis lindoensis snails in the Napu Valley, one of the Schistosomiasis-endemic areas in Indonesia. Eight environmental factors were measured in three different habitats: a seepage, a ditch, and a pond. The study found O. hupensis lindoensis snails in all three habitats, with significant differences in their numbers (p < 0.05). The seepage habitat had the highest snail density (762.22 snails per m2) compared to the other habitats. Phosphorus levels were highest in the seepage habitat compared to the other habitats, while nitrogen levels were highest in the pond habitat. Pearson correlation analysis found a significant positive correlation between O. hupensis lindoensis snails and water salinity in the ditch habitat (p < 0.05). In addition to environmental factors, the presence of snails can also be influenced by other factors, such as the presence of snail predators, the presence of snail nutrients, and the population of snail host niche competitors.

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF SURVIVORS OF THE EARTHQUAKE, TSUNAMI, AND LIQUEFACTION: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Introduction: Natural disasters in the form of earthquakes, tsunamis, and liquefactions in Central Sulawesi in 2018 had several impacts on disaster survivors' psychology. These psychological problems have developed as an effect from serious injuries or loss of family members of the survivors. Psychological disorders, such as anxiety, depression, to Post traumatic stress disorder, can affect long-term quality of life. This study aims to explore the psychological impacts experienced by survivors of the earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction in Central Sulawesi. Method: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews were conducted using semi-structured guideline, observation and voice recording of 18 survivors of the earthquake, tsunami, and liquefaction disasters. The determination of the sample is using a purposive sampling technique based on inclusion criteria. The results of the interviews were transcribed, member checking, and analyzed using the Van Mannen method. Results: This study produced four themes and fifteen sub-themes. The research themes consist of the grieving phase, post-traumatic stress disorder, social support and health services support. Conclusions: Further screening of disaster survivors who experienced psychological disorders is needed, not only as a preventive measure but also as a psychological support to improve their quality of life.

Application of Bacillus sp Liquid Formula Using Root Infusion Technique To Control VSD (Vascular Streak Dieback) Disease In Cocoa

This study aims to explore the potential of liquid organic waste formula made from Bacillus sp to suppress the severity of vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease in cocoa plants. The research was conducted on smallholder cocoa plantations in Patimbe Village, Palolo Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. The research was arranged in a non-factorial Randomised Group Design (RAK) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of control (P0=no formula); coconut water + Bacillus sp (P1); rice washing water + Bacillus sp (P2); tofu water + Bacillus sp (P3); and a combination of coconut water, rice washing water, and tofu water + Bacillus sp (P4). Each experimental unit consisted of 10 cocoa plants infected with VSD disease. The liquid organic waste formula was applied using the root infusion technique in months 1 and 3 at a dose of 250 ml/root. Observations of disease symptoms, disease development, disease severity, and disease suppression efficacy were conducted monthly. The results showed that the combination of organic waste of coconut water, tofu water, and rice washing water with Bacillus sp active ingredient was more effective in suppressing VSD disease than liquid organic waste alone with an effectiveness rate of 81.7%.