Central Sulawesi Indonesia Research Articles

Lesson Learned from Post-Disaster Psychosocial Support for Children in Palu, Central Sulawesi—Indonesia

In the aftermath of the devastating Palu disaster in September 2018, communities, especially children, suffered deep psychological trauma. At the request of faith leaders, local NGO Wahana Visi Indonesia (WVI), in partnership with Krida Wacana Christian University (UKRIDA), conducted a psychosocial support training program for volunteers, including Qur’an recitation teachers and Sunday school teachers in Palu. These trained volunteers then initiated a psychosocial support initiative for children in the area. Years later, WVI and UKRIDA conducted a reflective study of the program, collecting data from 40 volunteers through focus group discussions and surveys. The study identified key themes, including the effectiveness of the training, reflections on program implementation, lessons learned, and recommendations for future programs. The study underscores the importance of multi-stakeholder involvement, particularly that of faith-based organizations, in providing psychosocial support in disaster-affected areas. Given the recurring threat of disasters in the region, the study advocates for transparent collaboration among various social stakeholders. To build community resilience, disaster management strategies need to be widely disseminated, and the need for continuous training to strengthen community preparedness is emphasized. In addition, the development of culturally sensitive training modules tailored to the community’s language, age, and religious background is essential. Such a comprehensive commitment will ensure the community’s ability to deal effectively with future disasters. Detailed findings are discussed further in this paper.

Length-weight Relationship, Condition Factor and DNA Barcoding of Bonylip Barb, Osteochilus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1842) in Dampelas Lake, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Dampelas Lake, also known as Talaga Lake, in Central Sulawesi Indonesia, lacks data on fish communities, especially biological aspects, including a wild population of bonylip barb Osteochilus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1842). Locally known as ikan nilem, this freshwater fish commodity is not native to Sulawesi. The purpose of this research was to analyze the length-weight relationship, condition factor and DNA barcode of the bonylip barb population in Dampelas Lake. Bonylip barb specimens (101 males and 78 females) were collected from Lake Dampelas during July 2023 using fish traps. The total length and weight ranges were 57-211 mm and 3-107 g. Length-weight relationships were W = 3×10-5 L2,8219 (males); W = 3×10-6 L3,2574 (females); and W = 1,1×10-5 L3,0176 (both sexes combined), indicating an isometric growth pattern. Condition factor ranged from 0.471-1.652 with similar mean values for males (1.01) and females (1.02). DNA barcodes for Lake Dampelas bonylip barbs nested in one of four O. vittatus clades, indicating a need for reviewing Osteochilus taxonomy. Most adult females had spent gonads, indicating seasonal spawning, with implications for developing an economically viable fishery which could also help control this non-native species in Dampelas Lake.Keywords: Cyprinidae, freshwater fisheries, growth pattern, introduced fish, mitochondrial DNA

Status of Soil Chemical Properties in Areas Affected by Liquefaction Disaster in Petobo sub-district Central Sulawesi Indonesia

Status of Soil Chemical Properties in Areas Affected by Liquefaction Disaster in Petobo sub-district Central Sulawesi Indonesia

Challenges Faced by Science Teachers in Implementing Differentiated Learning in Junior High School Palu Central Sulawesi Indonesia

Challenges Faced by Science Teachers in Implementing Differentiated Learning in Junior High School Palu Central Sulawesi Indonesia

Agriculture land resources protection through strategic environmental assessment: Case study in Parigi Moutong, Central Sulawesi-Indonesia

Linking development activities with the conservation of food land resources has become a very important issue in sustainable development. However, the facts show that the damage or loss of food land resources continues even at an increasing rate. This trend is further exacerbated by policies on land conversion and over-exploitation of natural resources, as well as the absence of information on the importance of the land. Consequently, there will be changes in the ecosystem and the optimal function of the land. Protection of food and land resources must start with policy-making and be followed by development program planning. The problem of this research is how the conversion of agricultural land into residential areas and shrimp pond areas in Parigi Moutong Regency, describes how the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as an instrument of protection of agricultural land resources in Parigi Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi. Agricultural land resources are one of the important aspects of the food security program that should be considered in SEA. The development of urban centers or expansion of settlements and large-scale land clearing for plantations or mining often harm food land resources. Therefore, development plans and programs must be properly designed through prediction, evaluation, and mitigation of possible negative impacts. This research found that the involvement of stakeholders such as; local government, council members, academics, businesses, and NGOs as well as the community can generate some issues and strategies related to the loss or damage of agricultural land resources due to development activities and design alternative recommendations for improvement in Parigi Moutong District.

Analysis of the Values of Islamic Education in the Sintuwu Maroso Culture as a Unifying Symbol of the Community of Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

The aim of this study is to discuss the values of Islamic education in the context of Sintuwu Maroso culture in Central Sulawesi Indonesia. Sintuwu maroso has been considered as a local culture with rich of educational values that enhance local communities unity. However, limited studies have been carried out how the culture contributes to Islamic education values which can unite local communities and increase awareness of tolerance among them. This used qualitative approach to understand the phenomenon. Data was gathered through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and written document analysis. The results of this study show that the culture of Sintuwu Maroso contains elements that relevant with Islamic education values such as Tuwu mombetubunaka (living in mutual respect), Tuwu mombepatuwu (living with strong social concern), Tuwu siwagi (mutual support), and Tuwu simpande (mutual understanding). Those local culture values have contributed to local conflict resolution and increase local communities unity in fighting radicalism and intolerance.

Analysis of household food security based on the share of food expenditure in central Sulawesi Indonesia

The share of food expenditure describes how the level of household welfare in meeting food needs. The study aims to determine household food security in the province of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research was carried out in Banggai Laut Regency, Sulawesi Province by focusing on two regional conditions, namely in the mainland area with the sample area in Banggai Tengah District as the point of the mainland area and the island area, where Bangkurung District as the point of the archipelago. The sample of this research is the population who live in Bangkurung sub-district totaling 44 respondents and 44 respondents residing in the Banggai Tengah sub-district, which is carried out using a purposive sampling approach. To answer the research objectives, an analytical survey method was used, using a cross sectional study design. Food Expenditure Share Analysis shows that respondents in Banggai Laut Regency belong to the category of food insecurity

Effect of Socio-Economic on Farmers' Decisions in Using Lowland Rice Production Inputs in Indonesia

In Indonesia, rice was produced by small-scale farmers where yields were still generally low. This was because small-scale farmers still used poor quality seeds and unbalanced fertilizers. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the socio-economic factors that affected the adoption of quality seeds in lowland rice farming and the use of fertilizers on quality seeds. This research used a double-hurdle model to answer the objectives of research and used 329 farmings which were selected randomly in Central Sulawesi Indonesia. The results show that the gender variable only affected the use of fertilizer on quality seeds. Education, access to credit, sources of income (income diversification), access to extension, meetings with farmer groups were found to be positively correlated with the decision to adopt quality seeds in lowland rice farming and use of fertilizers to quality seeds, while the number of dependents of the household head was negatively correlated. The land area of lowland rice was positively correlated with the adoption of quality seeds in lowland rice farming but negatively correlated with the number of fertilizers used for quality seeds. Based on these findings, the role of extension workers and farmer groups was needed in disseminating quality seeds, and through credit institutions, it was necessary to provide credit facilities to rice producers (farmers) so that rice productivity could be increased.

Plant diversity in agroforestry system and its traditional use by three different ethnics in Central Sulawesi Indonesia

This paper discusses the result of the study on plant diversity in the Agroforestry system and its traditional uses by the three different ethnicities in Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The basic data of traditional plants used by each of the ethnic groups in the research site wer collected through an in-depth interview initiated by an informed consent using a questionnaire containing open-ended questions—fifty (50) respondents from each of the ethnic groups representing different jobs. The result showed that the highest number of plant species was found in research site B, bu the highest number of individual plants was noted in research site A. The highest Important Value Index (IVI) of tree, poles, sapling a,nd seedling level of plant species differed among the three research sites. When viewed from the perspective of traditional plant use, the highest ICS of plants utilized by the three ethnics was “coconut” (Cocos Nucifera L). The number ofthe utiliplantslant was different among the three ethnics. Tao Taa Wana people have utilized about 43 plant species, 27 of which were used for medicines, 20 for foods, 2 for natural dying, 18 for fuels, 6 for building materials, 5 for ritraditionaluonal ceremonies. In research site B (Singkoyo), 52 plant spe es have been extensively used by Javanese people for a wide range of culturally related activities, 28 species were used as medicine, 32 for food, 17 for fuel, 7 for building materials, and 10 for ornaments. Unlikely, in site C (Mentawa, 39 plant species were used traditionally by Balinese people; 18 of which were used for medicines, 18 for food, and 13 for ritual ceremonies).

The Urgency of Regulating Tax Law for Vehicles After Natural Disasters in Indonesia

The occurrence of a natural disaster on 28 September 2018 in the province of Central Sulawesi Indonesia caused vehicle tax arrears to be incurred by people who were victims of natural disasters. This research is socio-legal research with a statutory and comparative approach to find out the legal arrangements related to tax collection after natural disasters and to compare it with the practices in New South Wales, Australia. This study concluded that there is no specific regulation that differentiates the mechanism of tax collection during normal times and the period after a natural disaster in Indonesia. Local governments are given the authority to regulate it based on the scale of the disaster and the affected areas/people in which people lose their homes and livelihoods so they cannot fulfill their obligations to pay for vehicle tax. This resulted in the arrears of tax collection carried out by the fiscus and become an obstacle for local governments to collect taxes as a source of financing rebuilding infrastructure after a natural disaster. As a comparison, an integrated tax reduction system was applied for disaster victims in New South Wales, including for the vehicle tax. The whole process was done online. Indonesia needs to build such a system to anticipate the bad impact of tax collection that can make disaster victims suffer psychologically.

Characteristics of Sufism Naqsyabandiyah Khalidyah Tarekat in Indonesia: The Case of Central Sulawesi

Instead, the study of Sufism and tarekat have been carried out by many scholars in Indonesia, and across the Muslim countries, limited is known the history and characteristic of tarekat in a regional Indonesia context. This study, therefore, intents to study the history and characteristics of a minority group of tarekat in Central Sulawesi Indonesia. The tarekat was called as Nasaqbandiyah Khalidiyah. This study applied a qualitative ethnography approach. The author engaged for a certain period with the tarekat organization members. The author observed the community and interviewed 15 of them from a different level of tarekat organization members. The study found that the tarekat was brought to the area around 2001 from the middle east by a Sufi. The relationship among the tarekat pilgrims is unique where students (young pilgrims) treated their teacher or murshid as mediators to deliver their praying to God. The relationship between students and the teachers is absolute obedience, and the students must glorify the teachers.

The Business Efficiency of Agroprocessing of Food Crops Commodities and Horticulture in Increasing Product Competitiveness in Central Sulawesi Indonesia

The agroprocessing subsystem is an important part of the agricultural process after farming, because it should increase the sale value of the second derivative product if it is done efficiently. The potential use of efficient factors could increase the competitiveness of agroprocessing subsystems products. This study aims to analyze the business efficiency of agroprocessing of food crops commodities and horticulture in increasing product competitiveness in Central Sulawesi. The respondents used in this study were 12 companies from the agroindustry business of fried onion and banana chips and 6 companies from the tofu agroindustry. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was used to measure the efficiency of the business. The results showed that the majority of agroindustry businesses’ operations were relatively inefficient, both in terms of technical and allocative efficiency, and so there was potential to increase efficiency. Potential cost reduction ranged from 20.00-28.10%; this could be done by adopting the best technology, ensuring the use of quality raw materials and using a skilled workforce, to increase product competitiveness.

Automatic take-off landing quadcopter control on dynamics platform

SAR (Search and Rescue) become an interesting topic discussed worldwide because of its urgency to save humans life. Recent natural disaster in Palu, Central Sulawesi Indonesia demonstrates the lack of mobility which can cause a problem for the SAR team reaching the victim within the isolated area. Uneasy job for the SAR team become more challenging in time response and in finding and saving disaster victims. Consider the fact, there is a need to develop more efficient and effective way to search and rescue the survivors. The using of Quadcopter can answer the problems. Unfortunately the Quadcopter still conventionally controlled by a remote and further it has to be on static ground whenever its take off or landing. This paper reports a Quadcopter fitted with dynamical autonomous take off and landing systems. Thus it can carry out the advantage from a tactical SAR vehicles or other moving platforms. Using object detection approach, The navigation system in an image-based control quadcopter or called visual servoing is the use of machine vision as a control of the closed loop position for movement. Images can be detected using YOLOv3 Real Time Object Detector, and tracks it by estimating the motion of objects in successive video frames. By using 3D reconstruction method the distance and position of the designated target and the quadcopter could be determined. Then the estimation of the relative position of the object is used as input for the control system on the quadcopter using PID controller. The controller commands the quadcopter to approach the target, while the image processing checks the relative position between the two. If the position satisfies the minimum landing parameter, then the controller commands a landing. While for take off we implement the controller to maintain its equilibrium and sufficient power to throttle.

Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screenings of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Background: Zingiberaceae is one of the significant components of the herbaceous ground flora of Southeast Asia tropical forests. This family includes some medicinally important species, in particular the members of genera of Alpinia, Curcuma, Etlingera and Zingiber (Van Balgooy, 2001). Objective: to identify the traditional usages and evaluate for phytochemical screening of selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Material and Methods: Zingiberaceae samples were collected from the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Central Sulawesi Indonesia and its surroundings and evaluated for their phytochemical contents by using TLC method with particular spraying reagents. Results: the plants were used by the local ethnics for different daily and medicinal purposes. All part of each selected species of Zingiberaceae contain flavonoid, tannins, saponins, triterpenoid and alkaloid although steroids were only found in the leaves of Etlingera flexuosa, Curcuma mangga and Alpinia galanga. Alkaloids were only found in the rhyzome of Etlingera flexuosa, Curcuma aerugynosa, Zingiber montanum. Besides it was also detected in leaves of both Alpinia rubricaulis and Etlingera acanthoides. Additionally, Alkaloids were also discovered in the stem of Ammomum aculeata, Alpinia galanga and Curcuma mangga.

Numerical simulation of the mathematical model of treated Schistosomiasis spread

Schistosomiasis is one of infectious disease caused by a trematoda or blood worm, classified as Schistosoma genus. One species of Schistosoma genus that endemically exist in Napu valley, Besoa and Lindu highland Central Sulawesi Indonesia is Schistosoma Japonicum. This paper governs a mathematical model that represents the Schistosomiasis spread which consider praziquantel as a treatment that given to the infected human. The SI model is addapted to the human population, besides the Schistosoma Japonicum life cycle. The oncomelania hupensis lindoensis growth is assumed to follow the logistic growth model. The stability of the governed model is analyzed by the Jacobian matrix at the critical points. There an unstable disease free and a stable endemic critical point. The stability is guaranteed by the existence requirement of the critical point that is the recruitment rate parameter. Another requirement parameter to be needed is the death rate of the mature worm. The research result also shows that the using of 60 mg doses of praziquantel, to the infected human subpopulation, indicates the reduction of the number of both infected human and the mature worm. We also come to the bifurcation point B = μS where the system gives a different characteristic.

Evaluation of economic efficiency from smallholder cocoa investment in Indonesia: A case study in central Sulawesi province with tropical climate

This research aims to assess the financial feasibility of cocoa investment by smallholders in the province of Central Sulawesi Indonesia. Primary data were collected from 282 cocoa farmers in Sigi and Parigi Moutong Regency. Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were used to evaluate the financial feasibility of cocoa farming with the discount rate of 7% per year. The economic parameters were the price of input and output in 2018. The results showed that the NPV value of IDR 39,906,387 and IRR of 17.82 percent. This implied that smallholding of cocoa is financially feasible to be cultivated but with low profitability. It was due to the less intensive orchards cultivation and old age of cocoa plant. So, more intensive cultivation is required using the young plant and rejuvenation of the old cocoa plants. The government needs to promote cocoa cultivation technology that could improve the productivity of smallholder cocoa and the profitability of farming. So, the smallholding of cocoa in the province of central Sulawesi can become sustainable.

Constraints and Strategy of Mathematics Teachers in The Implementation of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) in Disadvantaged Areas

This study describes the constrains and strategies of math teachers in implementing CPD in disadvantaged areas, especially in Poso Central Sulawesi Indonesia. The method used in this research is mix-methode by using questionnaire and interview. The respondents involved amounted to 31 junior high mathematics teachers in Poso district. The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative descriptive data analysis technique. The results showed that the constrains are: a) lack of knowledge of teachers related to the making of writing; b) lack of information and containers to carry out scientific publications; c) lack of teacher skills in optimizing technology; d) no internet network to access information that supports learning; e) lack of funds; f) time constraints, as well as; g) lack of teacher motivation to develop. The strategies used by some teachers to overcome them are: a) increase knowledge by reading some literature; b) ask teachers’ colleagues about the difficulties experienced; c) the schools bring in professionals to help train teachers’ skills in optimizing technology; d) to exclude certification and salary funds for the benefit of personal development; e) actively participate in math teacher forum; f) completing all tasks at school, so when at home teachers can create scientific papers.

A synthetic unit hydrograph model based on fractal characteristics of watersheds

ABSTRACTSynthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) is one of the rainfall-discharge transformation models that are still popularly used today primarily for estimating flood discharge for water resources planning and management. The advantage of this model is that it is able to estimate the discharge based on the sequence of time in an occurrence of rainfall, and thus the correlation between time and discharge in the form of hydrograph can be obtained. The fundamental weakness of SUH is that they are likely to produce deviations for watersheds that do not have the hydrological characteristics similar to the watersheds used as the basis for the model’s development. These deviations are estimated as a result of the assumptions used to establish the concept of unit hydrograph and the complexity of the factors affecting hydrograph, particularly the nature of rainfall and watershed characteristics that are not accommodated in the model, including fractal characteristics of watersheds that are considered highly influential on the formation of a hydrograph. This research was conducted at eight watersheds in Central Sulawesi-Indonesia to develop and construct an SUH model. The model was constructed by using some parameters based on a combination of main fractal and morphometric characteristics of a watershed. This research successfully formulated a peak time equation (Tp) as a function of the length of the main stream (L), the ratio of stream length (RL) and the density of stream network (D) with a determination coefficient (r2) of 99.8%, a base time equation (Tb) as the function of area of a watershed (A) and slope of main stream (S) with a determination coefficient of 98.2%, a peak discharge equation (Qp) as a function of peak time and a simple single curve equation derived from Gamma Distribution Equation. The validation of SUH models at eight watersheds in Central Sulawesi shows that all the main hydrograph parameters evaluated showed a very good performance.

Acculturation of Language and Culture among Native and Non Native Speakers of Togean in Togean Island Tojo Una Una Central Sulawesi Indonesia

The objectives of the research are (1) to find out the way of the two societies with different language and culture background assimilate together in the Togean Island, (2) to find out how to adapt their language and culture among Togean Society and the tourists in Togean island, (3) to find out the tolerance attitude exist among native people and the tourist in Togean Island, and (4) to find out the sympathy attitude between two groups with different language and culture background occur in Togean Island. The research used qualitative approach. The research findings were (1) Different language and culture background assimilation occurred when NS used a foreign language (English) to assimilate their language with NNS interaction. NS developed their language assimilation by using code switching and code mixing strategies. On the other hand, NNS also tried to acquire NS language; (2) Culture assimilation occurred in both NS and NNS when they were doing cultural practice, cultural activities, food selection, and interpersonal contact in both NS and NNS of Togean. (3) Language and culture adaptation of NS and NNS occurred at (a) intensive interaction with NS and NNS, (b) followed traditional habits of the NS, (c) eat rice for meals, (d) eat traditional foods, (e) participated in social activities, and (f) attending traditional activities. (4) Tolerance attitude between NS and NNS of Togean related to respects ethnics, ideology, accepted to other people, helpful, give appreciation, and permit among NS and NNS of Togean Islands. They have good tolerance attitude each other.Sympathy attitude is important unsure that should be done in interaction for make interaction running well, particularly for native speaker and non native speaker. In this research setting founded there are a lot of aspects that getting sympathy from native speaker and non native speaker. The aspect are language used, participated in traditional festival/ceremony, wear polite dress, followed the rule that made by native speaker, and many others. The significance of this research are:This research gives a good contribution for linguistic, especially the theory of antropolinguistics, sosiolinguistics, and psycholinguistics. It can be increased various theory of acculturation in language and culture in Indonesia. The research findings are significance for developing applied linguistics for teaching cross cultural understanding. It is also significance to give information for students and teacher in promoting their learning and teaching related to language and culture, tourism sectors in Togean Island.

ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY OF “KAILI INDE TRIBE” IN CENTRAL SULAWESI INDONESIA

ABSTRACTThe research entitled “Ethnobotanical study of Kaili Inde tribe in Central Sulawesi Indonesia” has been conducted from April to June 2012 at the Mantikole, a village of Kaili Inde which is located in Palu Central Sulawesi Indonesia. This research aims was to know the interaction between Kaili Inde society and their environment especially plant biodiversity being used in their daily need. Basic data of ethnobotany such as traditional plant use in the village have been collected by using direct interview and establishment of transect. Village leaders, religious leaders, traditional healers, government officers and crafts-people are the target groups who interviewed during the study. The interviews were recorded by audio recorders and notebooks. Photographs were also taken to record information. All recognizable morphospecies of plants/voucher specimens were collected for identification purpose. Plant collecting was according to the “Schweinfurth method” (Bridson and Forman 1999). The observation was included vernacular name, scientific name, family, habitus and uses. Processing of the specimens was conducted at Herbarium Celebense (CEB), Tadulako University Palu. Identification was done in the field and in CEB. Data were analyzed quantitatively by using ICS (Index of Cultural Significance) formula. The results indicated that One hundred thirty two (132) plant species consisting of 60 families were used by Kaili Inde tribe. 39 species were used as food, 62 species as medicine, as building material 6 species, 23 species for traditional rituals and 10 plant species as handicrafts. The plant species that have highest ICS was Pa'e (Oryza sativa L), followed by sweet potato Untoku (Ipomea batatas), Pia'lei '(Allium cepa), “affo” (Schyzostachyum brachy–cladum), “kamonji” (Artocarpus communis), “tunau” (Arenga pinnata), “lemo barangay (Citrus aurantifolia), “cangkore” (Arachys hypogea), “gampaya” (Carica papaya), “siranindi” (Kalankoe pinnata), “kasubi” (Manihot esculenta), and “srikaya” (Annona squamosa), while the lowest ICS was Camara (Casuarina junghuniana).