Central Region Of Russia Research Articles

New data on the distribution of certain psychrophilic yeasts in Moscow oblast

Several rare species and varieties of psychrophilic yeasts were isolated from the Sphagnum mosses and paludal vascular plants of Moscow oblast. Based on their 26S rDNA D1/D2 nucleotide sequences, they were assigned to the species Sterigmatosporidium polymorphum, Rhodotorula psychrophenolica, and Aureobasidium pullulans var. subglaciale. Thus, a new habitat of S. polymorphum was found and yeasts known previously only for the Alpine environments and the Arctic region have been isolated in the central regions of Russia for the first time.

Natural and technogenic factors of natural radioactivity in soils of Central Russia

An assessment of the spatial regularities of the distribution of radionuclides in soil is given for the example of one of the regions of Central Russia. The level of their accumulation typical for various pedogenic regimes is determined. The role of pedogenic processes and technogenesis in the formation of the natural radiation background of the territory is examined. The absence of natural and technogenic mechanisms of the above-norm accumulation of natural radionuclides in present-day landscapes of the region is noted.

Spread of Listeria in fauna of the central region of Russia

The results of studying the spread of Listeria in nature, among environmental objects, wild ungulates, and hydrobionts are given. Both pathogenic and nonpathogenic Listeria species circulate in the territories of the Tver and Kaluga oblasts.

Latent period in induction of radiogenic solid tumors in the cohort of emergency workers

The paper presents estimates for the latent period of the induction of radiogenic solid cancers among Chernobyl emergency workers (males) living in six central regions of Russia. The analysis is based on medical and dosimetry data gathered by the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry over the time period from 1986 to 2005. The cohort includes 59,770 persons who stayed in the exposure zone (30-km zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant) in 1986-1987. There were 2,718 cases of solid tumors identified during the follow-up time in this cohort. The mean radiation dose in the cohort is 0.13 Gy. The radiation risk and latent period were estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. The excess relative risk per unit dose was found to be 0.96 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3-1.7) and the minimum latent period for induction of solid tumors is 4.0 years (95% CI: 3.3-4.9).

Risks relating to the effect of atmospheric emissions from thermal power stations on health of the population

We give a comparative assessment of risks related to impacts on the heath of population due to atmospheric emissions from coal-fired units of thermal power stations. The scope of analysis includes both power units that are already in operation and those being designed, which are more advanced in terms of technology employed and environment protection features used in them. Gas-fired units of thermal power stations are also included in the analysis of risks. Geographically, the analysis encompasses thermal power stations located in central regions of Russia (the Central Region, the Volga Region, and part of the Northwest Region adjacent to the Central Region).

Еженедельные Праздники, Дни Господские И Царские: Время Отдыха Российского Горожанина Второй Половины XIX – Начала XX вв.

SUMMARY: This article examines the history of the Russian holiday calendar from the imperial post-reform era to the early Soviet period. Svetlana Malycheva argues that contrary to the western European practice of negotiations between employers and their employees and strong traditions of urban culture, in the Russian Empire the major impetus toward modernization and universalization of the holiday calendar came from the top. Many different groups of the urban population responded to state attempts to universalize the official holiday calendar by lobbying for their confessional and social interests and, at the same time, by reforming traditional confessional and local patterns of rest to make them fit into a common empire-wide system of holidays. The official imperial holiday calendar was based on the Orthodox calendar and dynastic universalism. At the same time, it never became mandatory for all subjects of the Empire and dynamics of universalizing versus particularistic tendencies remained central in the process of reforming imperial urban life. In the late nineteenth century, the city itself became an important locus of horizontal dialogue between different groups of urban dwellers about their calendars of holidays and rest. The first part of the article deals with government laws regulating holiday calendars of the imperial subjects. The second part is a case-study of a region in central Russia. The author investigates negotiations of different groups of the urban population with government officials about their rights to observe local and religious holidays and days of rest. In conclusion, the author shows that the imperial dynamics of universalism and particularism survived into the early Soviet period and were reconsidered only in the early 1930s in the course of the anti-religious campaign.

Composition of glauconite from the Upper Cretaceous sedimentary formation in central regions of Russia

Composition of glauconite from the Upper Cretaceous sedimentary formation in central regions of Russia

Optimizing the phosphate level of soils in agroecosystems of opolie regions of Central Russia

The regularities of the effectiveness of systematic application of phosphorus fertilzer in various types of crop rotations have been studied in long-term permanent field experiments on gray forest soils of opolie regions of Central Russia. The main factors determining the degree of use by crops of freshly applied and residual phosphates—the level of phosphorus fertilizer in agroecosystems, nitrogen supply of crops, and characteristics of phosphorus nutrition of the crops being grown—have been established. Depending on the character of interaction of these factors, crops over the course of 9 to 23 years have utilized 12–88% of applied fertilizer.

Vitamin D insufficiency in cystic fibrosis patients of central region of Russia

Vitamin D insufficiency in cystic fibrosis patients of central region of Russia

Comparison of specific features of the heart rate variability in students living in regions with different natural and climatic conditions

A comparative analysis of the parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) in students from different ethnic groups of the Transbaikal region showed a more rigid cardiac rhythm and high level of the VLF component of the spectrum (in percent) in the native population compared to Russians living in the same region. However, Russian students living permanently in the Transbaikal region and central regions of Russia did not differ significantly from each other in the quantitative parameters of HRV.

The impact of Pro198Leu polymorphism in the glutathione peroxidase-1 gene on risk of atopic asthma in males

The purpose of our pilot study was to investigate the association between Pro198Leu polymorphism in the glutathione peroxidase-1 gene (GPX1) and susceptibility to atopic and non-atopic asthma in Russian residents of the Central region of Russia. Blood samples from 213 asthmatics and 205 healthy controls matched on gender and age were analyzed for P198L polymorphism of the GPX1 gene using PCR-RFLP methods. The association of 198Pro/Leu GPX1 genotype (OR = 1,53; p = 0,05) with susceptibility to atopic BA was found. However, the 198Pro/Leu genotype of the glutathione peroxidase-1 gene was found to be associated with atopic BA in males only (OR = 2,21; p = 0,01).

Sex- and age-related variations of the somatotype in a Chuvasha population

The aim of this large, cross-sectional study was to describe the age- and sex-related variations of the somatotype, employing Heath and Carter's method, in a Chuvasha population residing in a rural region in central Russia. The investigated sample included 802 males aged 18–89 years (mean 46.9) and 738 females aged 18–90 years (mean 48.6). We evaluated the age and sex differences by one-way ANOVA with somatotype components as dependent variables and sex or age groups as grouping variables. Sex differences of somatotypes appear to be the strongest for endomorphy, with generally higher values in women. Endomorphy in males remained virtually unchanged after 30 years of age, but endomorphy in females kept increasing up to the 6th decade, and then subsequently decreased. Virtually no differences were noted in mesomorphy and a very small difference in ectomorphy between males and females aged 18–30 years. A reduction of sexual dimorphism in all somatotype components after age 70 was also observed. The largest difference of all somatotype components appeared between age groups 18–30 and 31–40 years. Thereafter, somatotypes remained practically unchanged. Mesomorphy continued to increase until the 5th decade in both sexes, while in females, endomorphy continuously increased until their 6th decade. In the 7th and 8th decades, a decrease in mean values was observed. Mesomorphy and ectomorphy showed opposite age-related trends. Results of our study clearly suggest that in physique investigations, the somatotypes need to be studied in each sex separately, and in studies of young people, they need also to be adjusted to age.

Estimation of functional state and labour efficiency of shift workers in conditions of the Far North

Objectives. Shift work is an expeditionary method, and it has become quite common for the maintenance of industrial process in the Far North. In spite of good equipment and a high professional standard of the medical personnel in the majority of northern enterprises, the level of morbidity tends to increase. The aims of our work were to evaluate the psychophysiological alterations in shift-workers during transit labour. Methods. Shift workers of “Gazprom” Public Corporation were examined in conditions of the Far North using psychological and physiological methods. Results. The morbidity of shift workers is higher than that of non-transit workers working in the same industries. Distinct changes of the functional condition of the cardiorespiratory system were discovered. While comparing shift workers of the Far North with workers of the Central regions of Russia we discovered an essential prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (44.6 %) in the first group. It is established that an increase of anxiety level (situational and personal) is much more common in persons having haemodynamic signs of hypertension. For workers in intraregional shift work metabolic exchange disorders, and for workers in inter-regional shift disorders of immune resistance are typical. Conclusions. Our results have shown that shift work is accompanied by stress of regulatory and adaptable systems, a decrease of functional reserves and an increased morbidity and frequent relapses.

Interspecific Genetic Variability of the Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus As Revealed by Allozyme Gene Analysis

Allozyme variation in natural populations of basidiomycetes fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (88 individuals) from three regions of central Russia was studied. The species was shown to have 92.86% of polymorphic allozyme loci and expected heterozygosity He = 0.49. The mean number of alleles per locus was 3.5. The genetic differences among populations were supported by F-statistics (FST = 0.750). The low level of inbreeding (FIS = 0.018) suggests that the P. ostreatus populations are panmictic, and the main reproduction mode involves basidiospores dispersing at long distances. Using cluster analysis, geographically isolated populations and intersterile groups were differentiated within the complex P. ostreatus species.

Derivation of land surface temperatures and emissivities from satellite IR window measurements

This presentation consideres the retrieval of land surface temperatures (LST) and surface spectral emissivities ϵ v from NOAA infrared radiance measurements in the 10.5–12.5 μm atmospheric window. The proposed retrieval technique makes use of combined AVHRR (channels 4,5) and HIRS/2 (channel 8) measurements in order to separate the effects of varying emissivities and LST in satellite data and then to retrieve both the ϵ v and LST. The first step is the estimation of ϵ v based on the temperature independent spectral indices analysis. The second step is the estimation of LST from AVHRR data using an appropriate version of the split window method. The data set of collocated AVHRR/HIRS and ground based observations for the central region of Russia has been compiled for the summer periods of 1993–1995 and then was used for testing the proposed technique. The verification of remotely sensed LST's against specially constructed ground temperature true values gives RMS errors in the range 2.0–3.0 °C.

Raw materials base of central Russia for refractory enterprises of the Moscow region

Clays of the Ulyanovo Deposit, which are very important for the development of metallurgy in the central region of Russia, are characterized. The compositions of various grades of clay, the technical requirements on their quality, and the range of products from them are presented.

The resettlement of Soviet citizens from Manchuria in 1935–36: A research note

studied the history of the Russian colony in Manchuria, 'at the beginning of the First World War the Russian population of Harbin was over 43 500 (64.5% of the total number of residents) and it had the appearance of a Russian city'.2 The Russian emigres included military units-remnants of the White armies (Kolchakovtsy, Kapelevtsy, Semenovtsy and others),3 soldiers' families, a large number of members of the intelligentsia and bourgeoisie, not only from Siberia but also from the central regions of Russia, who had fled abroad in the wake of the White armies. Manchuria in the early 1920s was a kind of staging post, from which Russian emigres went on to China, Japan, South-east Asia, Australia and the USA. Russian refugees were driven further and further from Russia, not only by rejection of and hatred for the new Soviet regime but also by a natural fear of red terror and Cheka torture chambers. Yet after leaving Russia, the emigres did not lose hope of returning,

Prospects and problems of development of geothermal resources of Russia

This article discusses the pros and cons of geothermal energy source development in the Russian Federation. It estimates the geothermal reserves in each area of the Federation and presents the data in terms of tons of conventional fuels. Across the region, the average specific density exceeds 2,000,000 tons of conventional fuel per cubic kilometer. In the administrative regions of central Russia, the geothermal reserves are estimated to range from 160 years to 4200 years. The economic feasibility of developing these resources in the administrative regions is also explored, and it is concluded that the geothermal heat source is a source of hot water that is far superior to the conventional electric boiler-house source.

Voluntary Seclusion: The Life of a Lonely Old Woman in a Deserted Village

T he heroine of this narrative is an old woman with a remarkably unflinching spirit. I met her for the first time several years ago and since then, whenever I visit that area, I go to see her. She lives in a deserted village without electricity or radio, far removed from any town or hamlet. This remoteness has nothing to do with longitude or latitude: she lives neither in the taiga nor in Siberia but in one of the regions of central Russia. Her house is located almost within the thirty-kilometer zone of a nuclear power station; a busy flight path goes over her kitchen garden; and close by there is a railway hub, situated exactly half-way between Leningrad and Moscow. Nonetheless, one can say that she lives in a remote, forlorn place at the edge of the earth. In a country where everything obeys the center (and this is true not only for Moscow but also for each and every descending administrative center-the provincial center, the regional center, the headquarters of a kolkhoz or sovkhoz), toward the periphery power loses its grip. Wherever this happens, administrative gaps emerge. Some of these peripheral locations are completely free of the authorities' control-vlast' does not reach that far. These lands are barely visible from the center; they drop, in a manner, from its field of view. These administrative gaps result in the formation of niches with their own time and space. And it is only in such a niche where the phenomenon of contemporary Russian life in seclusion is possible. My heroine lives at the edge of a province, at the edge of a region, at the edge of a sovkhoz's territory; that is, thrice removed from the center, and that is why the place where she lives not only is spatially unique, but the reckoning of time here is also different. Here, we are in the thirties and forties with their way of life preserved; and although the chimes of the Kremlin tower reach every nook of the entire country, they are not heard here, they do not reach here. How does one get to my heroine?

New Calcareous Nannofossil Taxa of Jurassic and early Cretaceous age from the Oka River region in Central Russia

New Calcareous Nannofossil Taxa of Jurassic and early Cretaceous age from the Oka River region in Central Russia