Central Plot Research Articles

Workflow Helps Predict Casing Deformation During Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Gas

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper URTeC 4043054, “Casing-Deformation-Risk Prediction With Numerical Simulation During Hydraulic Fracturing in Deep Shale Gas Reservoirs,” by Jianfa Wu, Xuewen Shi, and Qiyong Gou, PetroChina, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ In this study, a numerical simulation workflow was established based on comprehensive modeling of a time-lapse stress field, hydraulic fracturing simulation, natural fractures, and other weak interfaces to analyze casing-deformation mechanisms of shale gas horizontal wells during the multistage hydraulic fracturing process. The authors write that they aim to guide the prediction of, and provide mitigating solutions for, casing-deformation risks while improving stimulation efficiency. Introduction The burial depth of deep shale gas reservoirs in the southern Sichuan Basin is approximately 3500 to 4500 m. These have complex geological conditions with developed faults and fractures and high in-situ horizontal stresses. During multistage hydraulic fracturing operations in horizontal wells, establishing an effective prediction method for casing-deformation risks in these reservoirs is a challenge. An integrated workflow is proposed to evaluate and predict casing-deformation risks, effectively support hydraulic fracturing operations, and reduce and mitigate casing failure in these reservoirs. Modeling Methodology It is essential to consider the effects of multiscale natural fractures when constructing a 3D stress model. Natural-fracture stability can be evaluated and used to identify unstable fractures that may cause casing failures. The fundamental workflow of predicting and preventing the casing failure is as follows: 1. Build a 3D geological model characterizing the spatial distribution and geometry of faults and natural fractures 2. Construct a 3D stress model to characterize the in-situ stress state 3. Perform numerical simulations of hydraulic fracturing and 4D coupled stress simulation to obtain the stress field during and after hydraulic fracturing 4. Quantitatively analyze the shear slip risks of natural fractures by calculating slip tolerance as an indicator to determine risk levels of casing deformation 5. Optimize and adjust engineering parameters for hydraulic fracturing to reduce and mitigate casing deformation Natural-Fracture Distribution and Model Construction. In this study, natural fractures parameters such as density, strike, inclination, length of extension, and height were obtained. The natural fractures were calibrated and verified with cores and wellbore images. Natural-fracture distribution was then validated with the expected tectonic history and present-day stress regime. In Fig. 1, the left-hand plot depicts the ant-tracking results by seismic attribute, the central plot portrays natural fractures validated by microseismic events, and the right-hand plot illustrates the 3D natural-fracture model. Results showed two major fracture strikes, one in the northeast and the other in the northwest, forming a mesh network distribution that will be used in the stress model, fracturing simulation, and slip analysis.

Comparisons of computer simulations and experimental data for capacitive hyperthermia using different split-phantoms

Introduction Several positive clinical trials have demonstrated that capacitive hyperthermia (CHT) improves the effectiveness of radiation therapy for the treatment of various cancer entities. However, the ability of CHT to induce significant heating throughout the body is under debate. Objectives To perform a pilot study involving comparisons of computer simulations and experimental data using different split-phantoms to validate hyperthermia treatment modeling for pre-planning for a clinical CHT system and to investigate the feasibility of split-phantom measurements in capacitive hyperthermia. Materials and methods The CHT system EHY-2030 (Oncotherm, Budapest, Hungary) was used. The system provides two electrode sizes, but only the smaller electrode, indicated as D200 electrode, was investigated in this pilot study. Horizontally and vertically splittable, different multi-slice phantoms with dielectric material properties simulating muscle and electrically low conductive fat were produced and heated. During the heating procedure, temperature-time curves were measured, and thermal images were captured. Specific absorption rate values were derived from the temperature rise (TR) values. Concomitantly, computer field simulations utilizing a detailed CAD-based model of the CHT system were performed using the simulation platform Sim4Life and compared with measurements. Results For the investigated electrode D200 the system power of 75 W was applied, which is half of the maximum power of 150 W and lies in the range of usual values for this electrode applied in patient treatments in our clinic. For 75 W, a heating of 3.6 °C in 6 min in a depth of 1 cm in an agar-based, muscle tissue-equivalent phantom was achieved. The addition of a 1 cm thick, synthetic, low dielectric fat layer reduced the TR up until a depth of 8.5 cm by on average around 38% (from 8.5 cm onwards the absolute local TR is similar, deviations are ≤0.1 °C). In terms of point-to-point absolute SAR comparison (without any normalization), up to a depth of 11 cm in the phantoms central vertical plot, the simulation differs from the measured TR points by on average 25% (ranging from 7% to 36%) for the homogeneous phantom and by on average 43% (ranging from 26% to 60%) for the inhomogeneous phantom. Conclusion Computer simulations and experimental data were compared for the CHT system EHY-2030 using the D200 electrode, applying a thermal imaging technique for different vertically splittable phantoms. This pilot study data can be used as a guidance regarding the expected heating for this commonly used electrode size but also to further elucidate the significance of non-thermal anticancer effects. Further studies are needed for different sizes and geometries of electrodes and phantoms.

‘The change happens with our kids’: parent perspectives on gender diversity in sport and children’s literature

ABSTRACT Books have an influential role in children’s understandings of identity and the (re)production of and resistance to social norms. With limited diversity in children’s literature about sport, two children’s books were created that had as their central plot a challenge to dominant gender norms in ice hockey and in figure skating. Nine parents with children 10 years old and younger read the books and then participated in semi-structured interviews. Informed by queer theory, a critical discursive analysis of the transcripts was conducted. While gender diversity and sport remained central considerations, parents also reflected on the role that books might play in educating children as well as adults. Three interrelated themes were created: open dialogue, modelling action, and empowering exploration. Findings suggest that children’s books can be leveraged as educational tools for both children and the adults in their lives, including but not limited to destabilizing dominant gender discourse in sport and the larger cultural context.

"I didn't come here for your judgement" alongside "they understand you and encourage you": Exploring the narratives of young black and mixed-race LGBTQ+ people who have a physical health condition and their experiences within physical health services.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ+) individuals experience health inequalities. Young people living with a health condition are also more likely to experience adverse mental health outcomes. Developing positive identity can help to mitigate the impact of this. Young black LGBTQ+ people have additional barriers to developing positive identity. Current research rarely considers the intersection of these identities for young people despite the discrimination they may face, and the impact this may have on their health. A narrative approach allows these voices to be heard in research. Eight participants were interviewed using a narrative approach. Interviews were analysed using content and thematic narrative analysis. Global summaries of each interview were developed and 'plot lines' emerged from these. A central plot related to identity development, with two plots embedded in these exploring experiences of illness and of healthcare. Participants had positive experiences of healthcare despite encountering stigma. Access to positive role models and being able link in with various communities allowed participants to integrate and accept their identities. A key discussion point in this study is the ways in which healthcare staff could become role models for young LGBTQ+ people and help them to integrate and accept their identities.

"The Interplay of Sacred and Profane in Moroccan Cinema: Portrayals of Sainthood in 'The Unknown Saint' Film"

This study conducts a thorough examination of the portrayal of sainthood in Moroccan cinema, probing whether it accentuates the secular or divine aspects of this spiritual tradition. By closely analyzing Alaa Eddine Eljem's film "The Unknown Saint," we delve into how its storyline navigates the intricate interplay between social and religious dynamics within Moroccan society. Set against the captivating backdrop of Agafay desert near Marrakech, the film unveils the tale of a thief who inadvertently buries stolen money in a remote hill, later designated by villagers as a tomb that evolves into a revered shrine for a saint. This narrative unravels themes of spirituality, tradition, and societal complexities. With a skilled ensemble cast led by Anas Elbaz and Saleh ben Saleh, the film emerges as a groundbreaking exploration of sainthood within Moroccan cinematic landscape. Beyond its central plot, it addresses pertinent issues such as healthcare, drought, and superstition, offering audiences a profound contemplation of Moroccan identity and culture. Through our analysis, we aim to deepen insights into how Moroccan cinema grapples with the intricate nuances of Sufism and its enduring relevance in contemporary Moroccan society.

Analysis of the use of discourse deixis on antagonistic actions in ‘Pourris Gâtes’

This research examines the use of discourse deixis in expressive illocutionary acts of sadness, joy, anger, disgust, fear, and surprise, as articulated by Juan Carlos in the film “pourris gâtes” The central plot of the film revolves around Francis Bartek's endeavor to teach his children about maturity by feigning poverty. However, this is discovered by Juan Carlos, who is Stella's boyfriend, and he aims to exploit the wealth of Francis' children. The dialogue between Juan Carlos, Francis Bartek, Phillippe, Stella, and Alexandre is analyzed using Levinson's theory, which emphasizes that discourse deixis involves the use of temporal, spatial, and demonstrative words. This research explains how the involvement of discourse deixis in expressive illocutionary acts can support the ‘telling’ and ‘showing’ methods in characterizing Juan Carlos’s antagonism through ineffective sentences and violations of the cooperative principle carried out by Juan Carlos.

On resonance behavior of sandwich conical shell

Forced vibration is one of the essential behaviors of structures to predict the mechanical properties of various systems. Magneto-rheological (MR) or electro-rheological (ER) materials, due to many possible control-based applications, have gotten much attention in the oscillating system. Thus, in the present work, for the first time, the forced vibration of a conical shell made of three layers with an electrorheological (ER) core and reinforced composite with GPLs is investigated. The formulations are derived from the principle of Hamilton. With the aid of compatibility equations, the interfaces between the core and composite face sheets are simulated. The coupled hyperbolic differential quadrature method (HDQM) and Runge-Kutta solution procedure is employed to solve the coupled governing equations of the current system. The computational method’s accuracy is confirmed by comparing computed results with those available in the literature. The results show that the number, weight fraction, thickness, and pattern of composite layers, electric/magnetic field, and geometry of the conical panel have an important role in the central deflection and phase plot of the current sandwich structure.

The Power of Chaos

The Power of Chaos

"I Love Every Part of You"

"I Love Every Part of You"

Frequency of Outcrossing and Isolation Distance in Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.)

Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) constitute a partially outcrossing species requiring an isolation distance to maintain genetic purity when more than one variety is grown in field conditions. This information is crucial for seed growers and faba bean breeders. A study was conducted at the University of Sydney’s Plant Breeding Institute, Narrabri, over two years to examine the extent of natural outcrossing using a creamy white flower characteristic as a morphological marker, which is controlled by a single recessive gene. The white-flowered genotype (IX225c) was grown in paired rows of 150 m length in four directions from a central 480 m2 plot of the normal flowered genotype PBA Warda. A beehive was placed in the central plot at the flowering time and natural pollination was allowed. At maturity, seed samples were taken from the white-flowered genotype at designated intervals along each axis and 100 seeds from each sample were grown in the glasshouse/birdcage to the 4–5 leaf stage and the proportion of plants displaying a stipule spot pigmentation (normal flower color and spotted stipule are linked) was used to determine the percentage of outcrossing. Maximum outcrossing of 2.28% occurred where both genotypes were grown side by side (0 m) and the degree of outcrossing decreased as the distance along each axis from the central plot increased. At a 6 m distance, the outcrossing was less than 1%; however, on occasion, it increased to 1% beyond a distance of 100 m, indicating the volatile and unpredictable nature of bee flights. Distance had a major effect on outcrossing but the direction and its interaction had no effect. The results suggest that to limit outcrossing to below 0.5%, a distance of more than 150 m between plots of different faba beans cultivars would be required. It also indicated that Australian faba bean genotypes are mostly self-fertile and a relatively narrow isolation distance will ensure self-fertilization in seed production and breeding programs.

Алгоритм расчета нормативной урожайности зерновых культур с привлечением разнородных аграрно-почвенных данных (на примере почвенного дата-центра ФГБУ ГЦАС Ростовский)

An algorithm has been developed for calculating the standard yield of grain crops for a subsystem operating on the basis of the soil data center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution SCAS "Rostovsky" (http://datacenter.don-plodorodie.ru). The features of this algorithm lie in the use for calculation of data obtained from the actual information of the agrochemical survey, as well as from archival sources (digitized large-scale soil maps, reports of soil surveys). The semantic part of soil maps is translated into quantitative indicators, which allows using this information to find correction factors and further calculate standard yields based on them. The algorithm implemented in the subsystem "Calculation of the normative yield of grain crops" is actively used to compile the reporting documentation of the organization. The functionality of the soil data center allows you to generate a report on request. The soil data center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution SCAS "Rostovsky" is part of the project of the information system "Soil-Geographic Database of Russia". Keywords: NORMATIVE YIELD, SOIL DATA CENTER, ELEMENTARY SOIL AND LAND PLOTS

Spatial Literary Theory in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide

The notion of being a social animal makes it difficult for humans to exclude space, a quintessential factor of life itself. It serves and chisels humanity throughout. The movement and actions of individuals actuate the space because only when people and artifacts inhabit a space, it turns into a place. This space, be it social or cultural, moulds a person into a mature self and it reflects the ideology, power and politics of the institution existing within it. Every literary work testifies to a space, even though it may be virtual or fictive space. The Hungry Tide is a prophetic novel by Amitav Ghosh about insight, beauty and humanity. It explores the precarious life of some ‘desperate’ souls sustaining in the region of Sundarbans. The central plot is that Piya, an American cetologist who comes to India and gets the aid of Kanai, a translator and Fokir, a local fisherman, in her adventure in waters. The unlikely trio travel to find the rare Irrawaddy Dolphin and face several unexpected turns. Survival is an everyday battle for the settlers of the Sundarbans who have learned to strike a balance with nature. The space of sea has enormous influence in the destiny of fishermen like ‘Fokir’. The novel unravels the ongoing tension between humanity and the space of Sundarbans with its vast salty tracts of mangrove forest. The routine as well as the beliefs of the inhabitants were tamed according to the conditions of that marshy land; for instance, the perpetual threat of tigers. The paper attempts to bring forth the relevance and recognition of the role of space in this novel.

South-South Triangulations: Fabric, Marriage, and Decolonization in Latifa al-Zayyat’s The Open Door and Leila Aboulela’s Lyrics Alley

ABSTRACT: Heeding Arabic literary scholar Waïl Hassan’s call for literary comparatist work that does not center the United States or Europe, in this article, I investigate two novels of the Global South set in the same political moment of decolonization. Examining the Egyptian writer Latifa al-Zayyat’s The Open Door (1960) and the Sudanese writer Leila Aboulela’s novel Lyrics Alley (2010), I study the significance of women’s sartorial choices, what these sartorial choices symbolize within the central marriage plots, and what both reveal about the charged political fabric in the country in which each text is set—the early years of the 1950s in which Egypt gained independence from British colonial rule but before Sudan’s independence from Anglo-Egyptian co-rule. I contend that Al-Zayyat’s work invites a dynamism to women’s writing history and reveals an indigenous epistemology, while Aboulela’s novel centers the quotidian only to uphold colonial supremacy.

South-South Triangulations: Fabric, Marriage, and Decolonization in Latifa al-Zayyat’s The Open Door and Leila Aboulela’s Lyrics Alley

ABSTRACT: Heeding Arabic literary scholar Waïl Hassan’s call for literary comparatist work that does not center the United States or Europe, in this article, I investigate two novels of the Global South set in the same political moment of decolonization. Examining the Egyptian writer Latifa al-Zayyat’s The Open Door (1960) and the Sudanese writer Leila Aboulela’s novel Lyrics Alley (2010), I study the significance of women’s sartorial choices, what these sartorial choices symbolize within the central marriage plots, and what both reveal about the charged political fabric in the country in which each text is set—the early years of the 1950s in which Egypt gained independence from British colonial rule but before Sudan’s independence from Anglo-Egyptian co-rule. I contend that Al-Zayyat’s work invites a dynamism to women’s writing history and reveals an indigenous epistemology, while Aboulela’s novel centers the quotidian only to uphold colonial supremacy.

Гностический миф в повести Ф.М. Достоевского «Хозяйка»

The article demonstrates how the gnostic paradigm, in which Dostoevsky formed the problems of his early work, is present in the story The Landlady. It is proven that the central plot of the story (Ordynov’s meeting with Katerina and Murin) is based on the writer’s reinterpretation of the metaphorical plot of “The Hymn of the Pearl,” a parable included in the apocryphal acts by the Apostle Thomas. The parable metaphorically recounts the journey of a spiritual man (pneumatic) in a world of matter created and controlled by the Demiurge. This type of person contains the spirit, a particle of the true divine world of the Pleroma. Once in the world of matter, “eating its food,” the spirit is intoxicated and forgets about its true origin. The task of the spiritual man, according to the parable, is to remember that his true home is the Pleroma, and to return to it he must free the Pearl (the divine soul), seized by the serpent (the Demiurge, the ruler of the matter). According to researchers, the imagery of the parable had a great influence on mystical philosophy and art, which flourished, in particular, at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. Dostoevsky places the sacred history, presented in myth as in its ideal embodiment, in the reality visible to him, where people are cut off from one another, where passion dominates “unchosen love,” and where the connection with the true Father is lost. Even those who have been given the opportunity to see more than the rest find themselves, at this stage of Dostoevsky’s comprehension of the mystery of man, not strong enough to defeat the serpent.

СКРЫТЫЙ МОТИВ СТРЕЛЬБЫ В ЭПИГРАФЕ К «ОНЕГИНУ»2

The author argues that the famous French epigraph to the novel in verse by A. S. Pushkin contains an underlying meaning, hidden in the anagrammatic structure of the text. The rearrangement of letters in the repeated sound-letter combinations form an anagram of the French word tiré (participle formed from the verb tirer) used in the epigraph which means “to shoot”. Thus, the epigraph, in which the motif of shooting is hidden, becomes a foreshadowing of the fatal shot in the central plot event of the novel – the duel between Onegin and Lensky.

Intertekstualnost u drami Dva plemenita rođaka

The central plot of Fletcher and Shakespeare's play The Two Noble Kinsmen derives from Chaucer's The Knight's Tale, so it could be interpreted through the theory of intertextuality and transtextuality. The prototext of these literary works is identical, but it has been modified over the centuries. It has changed from a mythological story into a universal symbol of love, friendship, authority, honor, and death. Apart from the permutation of texts by different authors, The Two Noble Kinsmen is also a curious collection of Shakespeare's earlier works, despite the frequent contestation of his contribution to this play. Such self-citation is an interesting phenomenon, especially if we consider the fact that this play is Shakespeare's last work and not The Tempest, as traditionally stated in literary histories. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the similarities and differences between Chaucer's famous story and Fletcher and Shakespeare's play, to point out the degree of intertextuality in it, and to highlight the original dramatic episodes and characters, their function, meaning, and significance. With the assumption that Fletcher and Shakespeare intentionally and purposefully chose the mode of adaptation and transformation of the famous Chaucer's text, the obtained results indicate that certain elements were modified due to the requirements of the dramatic form and its theatrical function, but also for commercial and socio-political reasons. The transposition of the well-known ancient story into Renaissance England, with new episodes and characters in the subplot, offers a different and somewhat subversive picture of conventional social norms and relations.

From the Tsarevich to the Tsar, or the Metamorphosis of the Ascension of Nicholas the Second

The essay examines D. A. Andreev’s monograph “Autocracy at a turning point: 1894 in the history of the dynasty and power” dedicated to the process of transformation of Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich into Tsar Nicholas II. The monograph addresses the key problems of its topic: the formation of the bureaucratic competence of Nikolai Alexandrovich and the question of the political testament of Alexander III to his son; the perception of the interregnum of 1894 by representatives of the ruling elite and the oppositional public; the reflection on the relationships between Nicholas II and his entourage by Empress Alexandra Feodorovna on the pages of her husband’s diary at the end of 1894; the circumstances of the first major personnel decisions of Nicholas II, which were the dismissal of the Minister of Railways A. K. Krivoshein and the appointment of Prince M. I. Khilkov as his successor. The paper draws a special attention to the central plot of the monograph — the speech of Nicholas II delivered on January 17, 1895, before representatives of the estate and local governments. The author of the essay comes to the conclusion that the January 17 speech symbolized the distancing of Nicholas II from the zemstvo, who sought to politicize local self-government, and from adherents of parliamentary constitutionalism, according to which, the monarch, as in England, “reigns, but does not rule”. In other words, the notorious speech did not mean the tsar’s refusal to cooperate with loyal zemstvo and to implement, at the same time, a reformist course aimed at gradually transformation the state system of the Russian Empire.

Estimation of above ground biomass and carbon of Pinus caribaea in Bulolo forest plantation, Papua New Guinea

Planted forest plays vital role in tree biomass which stored as carbon through carbon sequestration process and help reduce global warming and climate change effect. Estimation of biomass volume is the important process to determine the carbon contents stored in planted forest trees. Study was conducted to estimate the biomass and carbon content of Pinus caribaea trees using allometry models at Bulolo forest plantation in Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea. Study involves center plot of the cluster design in order to collect field data as sample size The field data was collected by measuring stem of Pinus caribaea tree species using two variables, diameter at breast height (DBH) and height. Finding reveals that first and highest rank biomass stem content and carbon stocking was 472,4 biomass/ha, followed by 407,076 biomass/ha and the least was 320,97 biomass/ha. Study reveals that biomass stem content and carbon stocking with 407,076 biomass/ha was the more suitable and applicable model for calculation of Pinus caribaea in Bulolo forest plantation. Study recommends the log formula derived from the biomass stem content and carbon stocking of 407,076 biomass/ha, as the reliable model to be used for estimation of biomass content and carbon stock of Pinus caribaea tree species Bulolo forest plantation and else way in Papua New Guinea.

Biographies of Russian Writers as a Target of Post-Truth

The article examines the influence of the phenomenon of post-truth on the creation of artistic images of Russian writers in the novel and screen arts. The essence, tools and role of post-truth in the construction of political and cultural life were described by Plato in the “The State.” Having spread in modern times, post-truth seeks to replace the truth of history, to infiltrate real destinies and biographies, to act in their place, to operate with imaginary things instead of authenticity, to use the “bad is more interesting than good” principle. The experience of the first Russian silent film biography of A. S. Pushkin (1910) and all the subsequent eighteen biographical films about the poet’s fate showed the flaws of artistic adaptations dedicated to real heroes: historical unreliability, untruth of character, deliberate distortion of biography, the introduction of false, politically biased versions for the sake of greater showiness and scandalousness. The central plot of the article is devoted to artistic texts related to the image of F. M. Dostoevsky. Boris Akunin’s novel “The Turkish Gambit” (1998) touches on the events of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878, describing them from openly Ottomanophile positions, painting the characters fighting for Russian interests in dark colors. The novel author focuses on author of the “Writer’s Diary;” depicted namelessly, but with a full set of biographical signs, he is vindictively and scandalously defamed. Dostoevsky is present in J. M. Coetzee’s novel “The Master of Petersburg” (1994, translated from English 1999), also in the “shame and fall” perspective. The image of the real Dostoevsky is deliberately distorted, rather than elevated, in the created neo-myth — the debunking of the Russian writer was apparently the true goal of the novelist.