Central Part Of Ukraine Research Articles

Feeding of lygaeid bugs (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) on the common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) in Kaniv Nature Reserve

The paper presents data on the feeding of three species of bugs of the Lygaeidae family: Tropidothorax leucopterus (Goeze, 1778), Lygaeus equestris (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. simulans (Deckert, 1985) on common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) in the conditions of Kaniv nature reserve, located in the forest-steppe zone in the central part of Ukraine. Common milkweed is a dangerous invasive species, a transformer of ecosystems, which poses a threat to local plant and animal communities. There is a problem in finding methods of limiting the spread of populations of this species. Among the factors that contribute to its limitation may be the consumption of common milkweed by animals, in particular by phytophagous insects. The study was conducted during the growing seasons of 2022 and 2023 on the grassland area overgrown with tree and shrub vegetation on the hills on the right bank of the Dnipro River. Tropidothorax leucopterus were feeding on sap from the vegetative body of common milkweed plants, being, for the most part, on the lower surface of the leaves. They formed dense groups, and the number of bugs on one plant could reach up to 100 individuals. Both the nymphs (from June to September) and the adults (from August to October) of this species were noted. During the study, it was also observed feeding of this species on the white swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik.), which is a traditional food object for this insect. But only single individuals of these bugs were found on the white swallow-wort. The representatives of the other two species, Lygaeus equestris and L. simulans, fed on the content of the common milkweed seeds during the fruit opening period. Separate individuals or small groups (up to 20 individuals) were observed, adults and single nymphs were noted. The transition of native phytophagous species to feeding on the common milkweed can facilitate its inclusion in food chains in local ecosystems and limit the spread of this aggressive introduced plant species

Cow behaviour and milk yield during different categories temperature-humidity indices

The goal of this investigation was to study the influence of different values of Temperature-Humidity index (THI) on the duration of lying down and feed consumption, productivity, and heat production by dairy cows in two variants of feedlots (with and without shelters). The study was conducted from February 2007 to early August 2021 in the central part of Ukraine (Kyiv region) in different periods of THI. This index was divided into three categories: 1) 66–71: normal (14 days); 2) 72–79: alert (11 days); 3) >80: dangerous (9 days). Two variants of feedlots were selected: Open feedlot with shelters and open feedlot without shelters. The largest increase in values of THI affecting the cows was observed in open feedlots without shelters. There, in alert and danger periods duration of feed consumption decreased by 8.0 and 23.1 min, lying down by 17 and 38 min, productivity by 2.3 kg (or 8.77%) and 3.6 kg (or 13.74%), energy consumption by 4.7 and 9.6 MJ, respectively, in comparison to normal period.

Status of atmospheric air pollution in Ukraine prior to the full-scale russian invasion. Part 2: Pollutants total content according to the satellite data

The paper describes the main features of pollutant total content distribution over Ukraine that can be used as baseline air quality data observed before the full-scale russian invasion in Ukraine. The study is based on the data derived from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard of the Sentinel-5 Precursor (5P) satellite that indicates nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and formaldehyde (CH2O) levels. We defined the characteristics of pollutants spatial distribution with full coverage of Ukrainian territory. Despite the increasing role of automotive emissions, the most polluted air in Ukraine was still observed over large industrial cities and smaller settlements having the biggest thermal power plants (TPP). The high level of pollutants content over these locations negatively affects air quality in suburban and rural areas by the prevailing wind. They form relatively stable polluted spots over larger areas. Hence, main polluted areas include: Donetsk Region; territories in the central part of Ukraine along the Dnipro River and near the destroyed Kakhovka reservoir; Kharkiv and Zmiiv TPPs; Kyiv and Trypillia TPPs; and the territories in the western part, including Lviv, Dobrotvir and Burshtyn TPPs. The polluted air from these territories determines the air quality depending on a prevailing wind. In case of high wind speeds polluted air can be distributed from urban areas towards relatively clean territories such as Carpathian and Crimean Mountains, northern Polissia, and the Medobory National Park of Podillia. We determined quantitative parameters of wind speed and direction for every pollutant that causes higher total content over relatively clean territories. Pollutants dispersion in the atmosphere varies depending on a boundary layer height (BLH). It was found that NO2, CO and SO2 content significantly increased when the BLH was below 500 m over both urban areas and clean territories with no emission sources available. The inverse dependence on the BLH was identified for CH2O. This can be explained by a more intense photochemical production at higher altitudes. The detected baseline air pollution conditions can be used in order to assess the impact of the war on air quality in Ukraine and come up with relevant post-war development measures.

Ecological and Coenotic Features of Thesium ebracteatum Hayne and its Distribution in Ukraine

Abstract Ecological analysis of the existing phytocoenological relevés was carried out, including the new localities of Thesium ebracteatum Hayne in the Middle Dnipro region. To study the coenotic features, the ratio of diagnostic species of different classes of vegetation in the communities was found. In the western part of the area, including the territory of Ukraine, this species grows in psamophytic communities, the basis of which is species of the Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei class. In the eastern part of the area, including the territory of the Russian Federation, the species grows in steppe communities with a predominance of species of the Festuco-Brometea class. The analysis of ecological features of the species using the method of phytoindication showed the two clusters with the biggest differences by the acidity indicator. In the central part of Ukraine and in Europe, this species grows on soils with a higher acidity. On the contrary, in the eastern part of the area (territory of the Russian Federation), it mostly occurs on carbonate-enriched soils with low acidity. The growth of T. ebracteatum on more acidic soils in the western areas should be explained by a more humid climate.

Tropical nights (1976–2019) as an indicator of climate change in Ukraine

The article presents the results of an analysis of the number, frequency and intensity of tropical nights in Ukraine. We have selected such weather stations that are located at different latitudes and correspond with the north, west, east, and south as well as the central part of Ukraine. This was done in order to analyse the differences in tropical nights across latitudes. Also we have weather stations located at the approximately one latitude to analyse how tropical nights vary in longitude. Data from weather stations for 1976-2019 were under analysis. We can say that the increase in the minimum air temperature during summer is on the whole territory of Ukraine. This leads to the fact that since the mid-1990s tropical nights begin to be observed in the east of Ukraine, as well as in the south. After 2000, tropical nights also have begun to be observed in the centre and even in the west of Ukraine. Between two half-periods (1976-1997 and 1998-2019) the increase of number of tropical night events in the south of Ukraine (up to 300 cases) is much more significant than the increase in their number in the northwest (up to 20 cases). As well as the frequency, the intensity of tropical nights also increases. There are cases with minimum daily air temperatures above 25°C. The analysis of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAC) and the Mediterranean (Cairo-Algeria) indices in the context of explaining the tropical night’s occurrence in Ukraine turned out to be quite effective.

Influences of Regional Cultural Breaks and Migration Processes on Children’s and Winter Calendar and Ritual Song Folklore of Kirovohrad Oblast

Kirovohrad Oblast, founded in 1939, is situated in the central part of Ukraine, on the right bank of the Dnipro. The southern center of Ukraine, in particular the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast, has been settled quite late, in the 17th–18th centuries. The conglomeration of East-Podillian, Central-Ukrainian and Trans-Dnieper singing has formed a specific folklore zone here. Resettlers from the northern and western lands have also brought well-preserved folklore traditions to these lands. They have formed a peculiar marginal culture here, which is defined by a number of distinctive features in the folklore works of the region. We consider them after the sources of children’s and winter calendar-ritual folklore. Only some versions of ancient lullabies have been recorded in the Kirovohrad Oblast. The lullabies of the Eastern type predominate on the rest of the territories, although there are also Western ones, recorded from the resettlers mainly. Ancient lullabies from the Podillian part of Kirovohrad Oblast have a syncopated Western-type chant. Eastern-type lullabies of Kirovohrad Oblast differ in their textual and melodic variety. On the melodic side, lullabies of the Eastern type belong mainly to the song-recitative type. The melody is dominated by the repetition of one chant-formula of the ascending-descending type, which contributes to lulling the child with its monotony. In the recordings of eastern lullabies from a resettled woman from the Chornobyl zone of the Zhytomyr region, we observe a significant melismatic enrichment of formulaic intonations. In the western, Podillian regions of Kirovohrad Oblast, samples of children’s folklore are distinguished by dialectal peculiarities of the language. Published works and modern expeditionary records of children’s koliadky and shchedrivky are the evidence of the distribution of such songs as Koliadnytsia, Koliadnytsia, Shchedrivochka Shchedruvala on the territory of the region. Children’s sowing songs have become especially popular. The motifs of Illia walking on Vasyl, who wears a magical rye peacock (whip) are introduced into them from the northern regions. The historical situation in the Kirovohradshchyna, and partly the cultural policy of the last century, have influenced the existence of winter calendar and ritual song folklore here perniciously. Only a few examples of secular carols and shchedrivky have been recorded in the region. At the same time, winter songs of the Gospel themes are more preserved in church and folk usage. In general, the repertoire of koliadky and shchedrivky of the Kirovohrad region is preserved to a greater extent in the western, Podillian districts, where the koliadky prevail, and only fragmentarily, much more modestly, in the central part of the region, where the shchedrivky predominate. The peculiarities of the folklore tradition of the region consist in the inclination of the bearers of folk songs for numerous contaminations of various types. We have observed this phenomenon by the way of example of recordings of children’s and winter calendar-ritual song folklore because of its border location between the Trans-Dnieper, Steppe and Podillia zones. There is the inclination of the bearers of folk songs to numerous contaminations of various types. The enrichment of the song folklore of the Kirovohrad Oblast is introduced due to the migratory waves of various times, starting from the period of intensive settlement of the region to modern processes of emigration because of the natural causes, man-made disasters and military actions. Thanks to the recordings of the expeditions of the Baba Yelka project during the 2018–2022, it is possible to study the peculiarities of functioning of the song folklore of the region in the latest times.

Content of phenolic compounds in leaves of trees growing on devastated lands at iron waste rock dump

Knowledge about the content of phenolic compounds in tree leaves growing on devastated lands may be important for foresting of the post-mining landscapes and for improving environmental quality in industrial areas. The object of this study was on standpoint of an ecosystem approach to determine the phenolic compounds concentrations in the leaves of the trees that grow naturally on the devastated lands at iron waste rock dump. Petrovsky waste rock dump areas at Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Mining & Metallurgical District (central part of Ukraine) were chosen for the present research. During 2017–2021, the 5 research plots in the dump’s area and 1 research plot in the background area (natural ecosystems of the Hurivskyi forest, Kirovohradska oblast) were established. The content of phenolic compounds was investigated in the leaves of three woody plants species: silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). The extracts of leaves were prepared by extraction of 80% isopropanol. The phenols concentration was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The absorbance was measured by spectrophotometer at wavelength of 725 nm. The calibration curve was constructed using standard solutions of gallic acid. The phenols concentration was expressed as gallic acid equivalents in milligrams per gram dry weight of plant material (mg GAE * g-1 dw). The results showed that in background area the values for phenolic compounds content vary within minimal limits: from 26,90 to 27,49 mg GAE * g-1 dw in leaves of silver birch, from 17,53 to 18,11 mg GAE * g-1 dw in leaves of ashleaf maple and from 10,98 to 11,65 mg GAE * g-1 dw in leaves of black locust. In all the samples, the concentrations of phenolic in the leaves of silver birch and black locust were generally within natural limits. The concentrations of phenolic in the leaves of ashleaf maple were below the natural levels. According to the leaves analyses, the phenolic compounds content in all woody plants species from all research plots on the devastated lands were statistical significant differences than the reference samples (P < 0,05). The levels of phenolic in samples of ashleaf maple and black locust were found to be greater (P < 0,05) than the background values about 15–65% and 115–165%, respectively. The concentration of phenolic in leaves of silver birch was lower (about 10–28%, P < 0,05) than those values recorded as control. The woody plants species according to resistance to the devastated lands of the Petrovsky waste rock dump were in the following decreasing order: silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) > ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) > black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.).

Content of heavy metals in cow milk-raw materials of Poltava district (Ukraine)

The concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, As, Zn, Hg) in cow milk-raw materials was detected on the territory of the Poltava district (central part of Ukraine). Milk is one of a person's most valuable foods. It enriches the human body with necessary substances: proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, which are in balanced proportions and easily assimilated. At the same time, it contains different enzymes, vitamins, and low-molecular microelements, which are necessary to ensure the regular exchange of substances. On the other hand, the choice of cow's milk is considered to be one of the largest sources of food, which is contaminated by toxic elements. The work aimed to determine the level of heavy metals in milk-raw materials received from cows from personal peasant farms in the Poltava district (Ukraine). We divided working samples into three groups; they had a territorial affiliation with the Dykanka, Reshetylivka, and Poltava communities (8 each). The samples were immediately cooled, transported to the laboratory, and stored at -20 °C for further analysis. The research was carried out using atomic and absorption spectrometry based on the Regional State Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine in the Poltava region. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the results. The P value below 0.05 was considered significant. So, in the milk of the group of the Dykanka territorial community, the contents of Cu were at 0.05 ± 0.01. In contrast, in the cows of the Poltava territorial community, this indicator was probably higher and made 0.08 ± 0.01 mg/kg (Р < 0.05). The concentration of copper in the milk of animals of the Reshetylivka territorial community did not exceed 0.06 ± 0.01 mg/kg, and it did not have a reliable difference from other groups. Content of Zn is probably lower in the group of the Dykanka territorial community, compared to other groups (2.6 ± 0.13), while in the group of Poltava territorial community, its concentration was 3.3 ± 0.25 (Р < 0.05), and in the group of the Reshetylivka territorial community – 3.45 ± 0.24 mg/kg (P < 0,01). In our studies, the range of heavy metals is presented as follows: Zn>Pb>Cu>As>Cd>Hg.

Assesment of heavy metals concentration in initial soils of post-mining landscapes in Kryvyi Rih District (Ukraine)

Abstract Assessment of heavy metals content in the initial soils of the post-mining landscapes plays an important role in pollution control, ecological protection, and safe-guarding human health. In this study, the site-specific pedogeochemical background contents of several metals in soils in Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Mining & Metallurgical District (central part of Ukraine) were determined. The metal concentrations in the soils of Petrovsky waste rock dump were also quantified and were also assessed using indices of pollution. The field sampling was carried out at a depth of 0-10 cm in five plots in dump area and in one plot in control site. The 43 soil samples were collected. The results showed that local background concentrations of heavy metals in soils of studied area decreased in the following order (mg×kg−1): Fe (42 510) > Mn (761.7) > Cr (94.48) > Zn (90.51) > > As (31.85) > Cu (28.10) > Pb (18.73) > Co (16.21) > Sn (4.64) > Mo (0.28) > Cd (0.16). In the initial soils of devastated lands at Petrovsky waste rock dumps the predominance of increased Cd, Co, Fe, Mm, Mo and Sn content and the predominance of decreased As, Cr and Pb content were observed. Based on the mean values of the individual indices of pollution (Pollution index, Geoaccumulation index, Enrichment factor, Contamination factor) can be assumed that in these soils As, Cd, Fe, Mo, Pb and Sn are mostly coming from industrial activities. Co, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn are mostly related to their natural occurrence in devastated lands. The values of integrated indices of pollution (Nemerow pollution index, Pollution load index, Degree of contaminated, Modified degree of contamination) indicated that the initial soils of post-mining landscapes can be evaluated as no polluted – and extremely heavy polluted.

THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONALITY OF TREE VITALITY INDICATORS AND DENDROMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE WOODY PLANTS COMMUNITY GROWING NATURALLY ON THE DEVASTATED LANDS IN IRON WASTE ROCK DUMP

Introduction. Numerous researchers have сonvincingly proven that iron waste rock dumps have a strong and negative impact on the environment in industrial areas. While the tree revegetation is the most efficient, effective and widely accepted way for environmental stabilization of the said post-mining landforms. That’s why the knowledge on relationships between the current state of woody plants community and the harsh environmental conditions on iron waste rock dumps play an important role in pollution control, ecological protection, and safe-guarding human health. Aim. The object of this study was to analyze from the standpoint of an ecosystem approach the ecological conditionality of the current state, tree vitality and dendrometric parameters) of the community of woody plants growing naturally on the devastated lands in iron waste rock dump. Material and Methods. Petrovsky waste rock dump areas at Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Mining & Metallurgical District (central part of Ukraine) were chosen for the present research. During 2017–2021, the 5 research plots (40*50 m) were established in the dump’s ecosystems and the field data (tree species, tree vitality, mean diameter and height of trees, volume, basal area) were collected through direct enumeration and measurement of all trees in each plot. Pearson and Spearman correlative analysisbetween the indices of the current state of the woody plants community and the parameters of the dump’s environmental conditions (the content of heavy metals in the soil, the time of the community formation, air temperature and soil moisture)was applied. Results. It is shown that in Petrovsky waste rock dump the woody plant species are usually affected by adverse environmental factors and are in the state of stress. Therefore, they lose their ecological stability and phytomeliorative (reclamative/restorative) efficiency. Our calculations confirm that there is a correlation between the content of heavy metals in the dump’s initial soil and indicators of the currentstate of the woody plants community. In this case, 45.5–92.7% Pearson correlation coefficients are significant p < 0.05 (from the theoretically possible ones). The feedback has a slight prevalence – 54.9–66.7% from the number of significant coefficients. The weak and medium relationship prevails – 70–100% from the number of significant coefficients. It is established that there is a correlation between the ecological conditions of the devastated land on the dump and characteristics of the current state of the woody plants community. It should also be noted that 66.7–83.3% Spearman correlation coefficients are significant p < 0.05 (from the theoretically possible ones). The feedback also has a slight prevalence – 55.6–80.0% from the number of significant coefficients. As in the previous case the weak and medium relationship predomanated – 30–70% from the number of significant coefficients. Conclusion. The taxonomic structure, tree vitality and dendrometric parameters of the community of woody plants that grow naturally on in iron waste rock dump have a clear ecological determinism. The most strong correlations were observed betweenthe concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe in the dump’s soils, as well as the duration of vegetation formation, the additional soil moisture and indicators of the current state of the woody plants community.

Вплив використання засобів охолодження повітря у легкозбірних приміщеннях на показники поведінки та комфорту корів за високих температур навколишнього середовища

The aim of this work was to study the influence of the use of air cooling means in easily assembled premises on the behavior and comfort of cows during periods of dangerous value of the temperature-humidity index (THI). The research was conducted during July 2020 in the central part of Ukraine (Kyiv region, Bila Tserkva district) during a long high-temperature load. The value of the daily ambient air temperature ranged from +19 to +34°С, and the relative humidity was 46–78%. Two farms with loose cows and different animal comfort options were selected for the study. The first option is to be loose in an easy-to-assemble room with fans installed above the aft table to cool the air. Fan hours from 12:00 to 17:00. The second option is loose keeping in an easy-to-assemble room on a deep, long-lasting straw litter. It was found that the use of ventilation systems allowed to reduce by 5.3°C the average daily values of air temperature compared to keeping on deep litter without ventilation systems. The values equivalent temperature index (ETI) and the index of equivalent temperature for cattle (ETIC), which indicate the level of sensitivity of the body during prolonged high temperatures, were lower by 1.63°C, and ETIC by 1.11 compared to keeping in deep litter without systems ventilation. The duration of lying down under the option of keeping cows using air cooling elements was higher by 68 min/day compared to keeping on deep litter without air cooling elements. In a cowshed with ventilation systems, the energy consumption for heat transfer of the body was 63.1 MJ, which is 5.4 MJ lower than in a cowshed on deep litter without the use of ventilation systems.

Behavior and Energy Losses of Cows during the Period of Low Temperatures

Over the past 20 years, dairy farms in Ukraine have been actively introducing the keeping of cows in easy-to-assemble premises. However, in a moderate climate (with four distinct year seasons), the issues of microclimate, energy losses of animals and their behavior during the cold period of the year for keeping in such premises have not been fully studied. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of the heat insulation elements use of side curtains in easy-to-assemble premises during the period of low temperatures on microclimate, energy outgoings for thermoregulation and behavior of cows. The research conducted in the central part of Ukraine (Kyiv region). The research was conducted during January-February (29-43 days of the year) 2021. This period characterized by low average daily temperatures of -12.2– -18.7°С, strong wind gusts and daily precipitation in the form of snow. Two easy-toassemble premises for 400 heads were used for research. Parameters of placements (LxWxH): 150х32х10.5 m. The first one was without the use of curtains heat insulation elements, and the second one was with these elements of heat insulation. It was found that the use of polycarbonate wall heat insulation elements had a positive effect on the microclimate in the placement during the period of low temperatures. Indicators of average daily air temperatures in the placement were 3.2 and 8.8°C higher compared to the temperature in the same premise without the use of heat insulation elements and the environment. The wind speed also differed by 0.18 and 11.04 m/s, respectively. In addition, the heat insulation of the walls affected the temperature under the lying cow (+1.8°C), energy outgoings for thermoregulation (-1.93 MJ) and the number of cows that lay in the period of the lowest temperatures (+3.23-9.83%) compared to the placement without heat insulation elements. The difference in temperature of rubber carpet in the compared premises was significant: +3.3°C in the premises with heat insulation elements compared to the premises without heat insulation

PRODUCTIVITY AND COMFORT OF KEEPING COWS AT LOW ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES

The aim of this work was to study the effect of low temperatures on productivity, microclimate parameters and comfort of keeping cows in different variants of prefabricated premises. The research was conducted in the central part of Ukraine (Kyiv region, Bila Tserkva district) in three farms where animals are kept loose at different sizes of prefabricated premises. The first option is a prefabricated room without insulation elements; the second prefabricated room with elements of warming of side walls by polycarbonate glass; the third in an easy-to-assemble room on a deep, long-lasting straw litter. The average annual number of dairy cows in all farms is 400. The studies were performed in the thermoneutral period, when the average daily ambient temperature did not fall below -5.0 ° C (17 days) and the period of high-temperature load, when the value of the average daily ambient temperature was -15 °C and below (11 days). It was found that prolonged low-temperature load significantly affects the comfort of cows in the options for keeping in easily assembled rooms of different types. The average daily air temperature in all variants of easily assembled rooms was negative. At the same time, during boxing without insulation elements, the temperature was -5.3 ° С, which is slightly lower than the permissible values ​​recommended for dairy cattle. The best values ​​among prefabricated premises in terms of microclimate indicators, bioclimatic indices, resting place temperatures and energy costs for heat production were for the use of polycarbonate glass insulation systems during the winter period. The use of elements of insulation of easily assembled premises provided the lowest among the studied options of premises reduction of productivity in the period of low-temperature load.

New data on distribution of Acallocrates colonnellii Bahr, 2003 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) in Ukraine

The first record of Acallocrates colonnellii in central part of Ukraine is given. The species was so far known in Ukraine from the Carpathians (Lviv Region).

JUSTIFICATION OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FEASIBILITY OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION BY INLAND WATERWAYS

Topicality. Currently, the demand for transport by inland waterways is constantly growing, especially in economically developed countries. In order to maintain the national economy and create a more efficient and sustainable logistics system in Ukraine, transportation by inland waterways must be developed, because inland waterway transport has a number of advantages over other modes of transport, which creates the preconditions for changing logistics routes. To reduce transport costs, improve infrastructure and logistics in the face of uncertainty, the relationship between the stakeholders of rail and road transport with representatives of water transport is important. Reorientation of transportation from road transport to inland waterway transport, intensification of international trade and attraction of new freight flows to inland waterway transport will contribute to the overall growth of the country's economy and is possible subject to liberalization of transportation.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the economic and environmental feasibility of transporting goods by inland waterway transport in the context of the global trend of the need to preserve the environment and rational use of resources.Research results. The port infrastructure of Ukrainian rivers also does not meet modern requirements and is actually in decline. Most of the ports are located in the central areas of cities, causing the destruction of city roads by trucks that are sent for loading / unloading at these ports. In the context of the global trend of the need to preserve the environment for most countries of the world, inland waterway transport is the cheapest and most environmentally friendly mode of transport, suitable for transporting significant volumes of products, mainly raw materials. In Ukraine, the volume of cargo transported by river transport has significantly decreased over the past decade. Of the available volumes of freight transport by river transport, building materials, grain and metallurgy products prevail in the nomenclature. A certain impetus to the development of inland waterway transport was the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On Inland Waterway Transport", which outlined the prospects for increasing the cargo turnover of river transport. Considering the volume of emissions from river transport, it is the most environmentally friendly compared to road transport. At the same time, the existing rolling stock of water transport is capable of replacing several thousand trucks. It has been established that the Dnieper basin plays the main role in the transportation of domestic cargo and passengers. More than 90% of all river transport in the country is carried out along the Dnieper and its largest tributaries Pripyat and Desna. However, the low operational characteristics of the fleet are one of the factors holding back the development of freight traffic on inland waterways. The four selected shipping companies provide cargo transportation on the Dnieper and Danube rivers, and are also capable of ensuring the potential development and competitive advantages of Ukrainian water transport.Conclusion. The studies carried out made it possible to substantiate the economic and environmental feasibility of transporting goods by inland water transport in Ukraine. Based on the determination of the share of transportations by inland water transport in the EU countries and Ukraine, the potential opportunities for the development of this area were established, taking into account other similar indicators, as well as the growth of export flows of grain and metallurgical products from the central part of Ukraine. Therefore, the development of domestic inland waterways is economically necessary, expedient and will have a positive effect for the entire country and the economy as a whole, given the low level of pollution and environmental pressure on air, land, water resources, biodiversity, which, in turn, affect climate change. , ecosystems in general and public health. Taking into account the total length of the navigable routes of Ukraine and the tendency to reduce the existing fleet, due to moral and physical aging, it is important to assist in attracting investments in the river fleet, will provide potential technical and technological opportunities for the development of all inland water transport and its key players.

Peculiarities of tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica) field production in Ukraine with the use of different elements of technology

Tomatillo is a fairly common plant in South America but is rare for the conditions of the European continent. Therefore, in Ukraine there are no recommendations for its cultivation in specialized vegetable farms. Such recommendations should take into account the biological characteristics of the plant and the application of new elements of technology for plant productivity. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the main elements of the technology of growing tomatillo for open ground conditions. The aim of the research was to find and optimize such elements in the open ground. To achieve this goal, the tasks solved were selection of high-yielding varieties, identification of the most effective factors for pre-sowing seed treatment and the term of planting seedlings is substantiated. This research was conducted during 2016 to 2018 on the research fields of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Central part of Ukraine) on gray-podzolic soils. The experimental varieties of tomatillo were divided into two groups (short and tall) according to plant height. Three varieties viz., Ananasovyi, Jemovyi and Kondyter were in the first group with a height of 80.1 to 81.4 cm and the second group included two varieties viz., Marmeladnyi and Korolyok. The varieties of foreign selection including Ananasovyi and Korolyok and, a domestic variety Likhtaryk were characterized by higher yields (30.6 to 32.0 t/ha). By studying the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with heating the seeds at 40°C for 4 hrs or seed treatment with a magnetic field of 50 E for 12 hrs or Baikal EM-1 solution at a dose of 1.0 l/tonne provides an increase in total yield of tomatillo to 33.0 t/ha. When studying the impact of seedlings planting in the open ground, it was found that planting of seedlings was done in the third week of April or first week of May with a seedling age of 60 days under temporary film shelters. The varieties Likhtaryk and Ananasovyi were characterized by early budding in 47-48 days, flowering in 56-57 days, fruit tying in 69-70 days and fruiting in 101days. These varieties form a higher fruit yield of 33.4 t/ha. The biochemical composition determined a higher content of dry matter, protein and ash in the fruits of the variety Korolyok, with an index of 10.7, 1.6 and 1.0 %, respectively. These studies did not research the impact of tillage, pest control to obtain quality and environmentally friendly products and methods of harvesting, therefore, there is a need to further improve the technology of growing tomatillo in the open ground of Ukraine.

Study of nitrate accumulation in herbs of Thymus pulegioides L. for flora of Ukraine

Thymus pulegioides L. syn. ( Thymus ovatus Mill.) of family, Lamiaceae is a fairly common species in Ukraine. Given the literature data, the studied species needs a more thorough study of nitrate accumulation due to the ecological situation in Ukraine, as well as the search for herbal medicinal products with sufficient raw material base and a minimum amount of carcinogenic and harmful substances. The aim of the research : To determine the quantitative content of nitrates in the infusion of grass (1:10) Thymus pulegioides L. flora of Ukraine, using the ionometric method of analysis. Materials and methods . Infusion of Thymus pulegioides L. (1:10) harvested in different regions of Ukraine was studied with the help of the ionometric method of analysis. Results . The accumulation of nitrates was quantified for Thymus pulegioides L. depending on the growing region, using the ionometric method of analysis. The data obtained during the study of the nitrates accumulation in the grass of the species varied from 62.55 ± 7.31 to 232.44 ± 24.11 which do not exceed the generally accepted sanitary norms. Summarizing the study, it was found that the minimum accumulation of nitrates in HRM was found in Poltava and Dnipropetrovsk regions (environment). Conclusions . Given the data obtained, it can be concluded that the study of species of the genus Thymus L. by ionometric method of analysis for nitrate content to control the quality of plant raw materials and drugs based on it was relevant. The central part of Ukraine is a promising and ecologically safe region for the growth of the studied species.

West Nile Fever in the central part of Ukraine

West Nile Fever in the central part of Ukraine

Роль національного природного парку "Кармелюкове Поділля" у збереженні лісової екосистеми

Наведено характеристику лісової екосистеми НПП "Кармелюкове Поділля", яка є переважаючою на природно-заповідній території та має виключне наукове значення як зразок праландшафтів центральної частини України. Цінність природних екосистем Парку полягає в їх незначній порушеності, частково еталонності. У лісах Парку близько 60 % їх площі займають ліси природного походження. Основною лісовою формацією є дубово-грабові насадження. З аналізу матеріалів лісовпорядкування насаджень видно те, що площа лісів природного походження постійно зменшується. Це свідчить про зниження потенційної здатності до самовідновлення цих природних комплексів. Тому для забезпечення збереження і відновлення лісів Парку необхідно розробити і впровадити систему заходів, що враховує природоохоронний режим природо-заповідної території. З огляду на те, розглянуто природоохоронний режим території Парку як наслідок її диференційованого зонування, що відображає просторову диференціацію функцій, які ця територія має виконувати. Виявлено особливості ведення лісового господарства в умовах природно-заповідного фонду та режим використання природних ресурсів у межах функціональних зон. Узагальнено висновки щодо збереження цінних природних комплексів і біорізноманіття, забезпечення максимально природного перебігу процесів та запровадження екологічно збалансованого природокористування.

The current state and efficiency use of in situ and ex situ conservation units for seed harvesting in the central part of Ukraine

Abstract Significant increase of biological stability, timber volume, and economic value of forests is impossible without refinement and improvement of the organization, and implementation of forest seed production on a genetic and breeding basis. It is possible to solve this task by creating and efficiently functioning in situ and ex situ facilities. In Ukraine, the basic principles of plus selection are envisaged, which include the selection and testing progeny of plus trees. The total number of progeny tests in Ukraine is 106 plots, in which 1,079 genotypes of plus trees are presented. Taking into account the total number of plus trees in Ukraine (4,560), only 23.7% was subjected to progeny tests. The largest number of progeny tests are represented by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – 76 plots and a significantly smaller number of plots for English oak (Quercus robur L.) – 21. The corresponding representation of genotypes is for pine – 520, for oak – 365. The area of tree breeding units in Ukraine is very small (0.4–0.6%) of the total forest area in the region. Despite the available areas, the use of in situ and ex situ objects for harvesting seed in Ukraine is low, around 30%. In the central region of Ukraine, the share of in situ and ex situ objects from the total forest area is 0.1–0.5%. On these sites, from 0 to 54% is harvested, which is insufficient. According to the results of the conducted research, it was established that the areas of permanent forest-seed base (in situ and ex situ units) are insignificant and their use is insufficient. Testing of more than 70% of the selected plus trees is required. An important trend is to study the genotype-environment interaction in connection with trends of global climate change.