Incidence Of Central Nervous System Tumors Research Articles

Incidence, survival, and mortality of cancer in children and young adolescents in Belgium and the Netherlands in 2004-2015: A comparative population-based study.

International comparisons of cancer surveillance measures may provide insight into inequalities in registration practices, etiological factors, and treatment strategies. This study aimed to compare incidence, survival, and mortality of cancer in children and young adolescents between Belgium and the Netherlands. All children (0-14 years) and young adolescents (15-17 years) diagnosed with cancer between 2004 and 2015 were selected from the population-based cancer registries of Belgium (N = 4739) and the Netherlands (N = 7322). Differences in incidence and mortality were expressed as standardized rate ratios (SRR; BE/NL). Five-year observed survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. During 2004-2015, the overall cancer incidence among children and young adolescents was similar in both countries. Incidence of neuroblastoma was significantly higher in Belgian children (2010-2015: SRR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.6). Five-year survival of all malignant cancers was comparable in 2010-2015, exceeding 80% in both age groups. Remarkable differences in survival existed in children for malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors in 2004-2009 (BE = 62%, NL = 45%), for acute myeloid leukemia (BE = 68%, NL = 78%) and rhabdomyosarcomas (BE = 60%, NL = 79%) in 2010-2015, and for neuroblastoma in both periods (2004-2009: BE = 76%, NL = 64%; 2010-2015: BE = 82%, NL = 64%). Overall cancer mortality in children decreased by approximately 3 percent-points annually in both countries, but was slightly lower in Belgium in 2004-2009 (SRR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.7-1.0). Despite differences for specific cancer types, overall cancer incidence, survival, and mortality were comparable between Dutch and Belgian children and young adolescents in 2010-2015. Variability in screening, diagnosis, and registration practices probably explains the observed differences in incidence and survival of neuroblastoma and malignant CNS tumors.

Risk of central nervous system tumour incidence in a cohort of workers chronically exposed to ionising radiation.

The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumour incidence in a cohort of 22,377 Mayak Production Association workers chronically exposed to ionising radiation. There were 96 primary CNS tumours, including 42 cases of glioma and 44 cases of meningioma, registered during the whole follow-up period (1948-2018). The study demonstrated that the risk of primary CNS tumour incidence was associated with sex, attained age, calendar period, tall body height, age at the beginning of exposure, and facility type. There was no association found between risk of CNS tumour incidence and body mass index, smoking (males) and alcohol consumption status. The study did not find an effect of the total external gamma radiation dose absorbed in the brain on risk of CNS tumour incidence irrespective of whether an adjustment for the total external neutron dose absorbed in the brain was included or not. Excess relative risk per 1Gy of external gamma brain dose was 0.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.30; 0.70) for all CNS tumours, -0.18 (95% CI -; 0.44) for gliomas, and 0.38 (95% CI -0.32; 2.08) for meningiomas without adjustment for total neutron brain dose. There was no effect modification by sex, attained age, age at hire or facility.

Analysis and prediction of central nervous system tumor burden in China during 1990-2030.

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors, due to their unique locations, pose a serious threat to human health and present challenges to modern medicine. These tumors exhibit notable epidemiological characteristics across various ethnicities, regions, and age groups. This study investigated the trend of disease burden of CNS tumors in China from 1990-2019 and predicted the incidence and death rate from 2020-2030. Employing data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, we utilized key indicators to scrutinize the disease burden associated with CNS tumors in China. The analysis employed the Joinpoint model to track the trend in disease burden, calculating both the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC). Additionally, the Matlab software facilitated the creation of a gray model to forecast the incidence and death rate of CNS tumors in China spanning from 2020 to 2030." In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate, prevalence rate, death rate, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with CNS tumors in China were among the high level in the world. The standardized prevalence rate and DALYs of CNS tumors in China residents showed a stable fluctuation trend with age; however, age-standardized death and incidence rate demonstrated a generally upward trend with age. In China, the age-standardized prevalence and incidence rate of males were lower than those for female residents, while the age-standardized death rate and DALYs among males surpassed those of females. From 1990-2019, the age-standardized prevalence and incidence rate of CNS tumors in China exhibited an increasing trend. The age-standardized death rate and DALYs showed a contrasting trend. According to the gray model's prediction, incidence rate of CNS tumors would continue rising while the death rate is expected to decline in China from 2020-2023. The burden of CNS tumors in China has shown an upward trajectory, posing significant challenges to their treatment. It is necessary to pay attention to tertiary prevention, start from the perspective of high-risk groups and high-risk factors to reduce the burden of disease, and achieve "early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment".

Childhood and Adolescent Central Nervous System Tumours in Spain: Incidence and Survival over 20 Years: A Historical Baseline for Current Assessment.

Central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are highly frequent solid tumours in children and adolescents. While some studies have shown a rise in their incidence in Europe, others have not. Survival remains limited. We addressed two questions about these tumours in Spain: (1) Is incidence increasing? and (2) Has survival improved? This population-based study included 1635 children and 328 adolescents from 11 population-based cancer registries with International Classification of Childhood Cancer Group III tumours, incident in 1983-2007. Age-specific and age-standardised (world population) incidence rates (ASRws) were calculated. Incidence time trends were characterised using annual percent change (APC) obtained with Joinpoint. Cases from 1991 to 2005 (1171) were included in Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, and the results were evaluated with log-rank and log-rank for trend tests. Children's survival was age-standardised using: (1) the age distribution of cases and the corresponding trends assessed with Joinpoint; and (2) European weights for comparison with Europe. ASRw 1983-2007: children: 32.7 cases/106; adolescents: 23.5 cases/106. The overall incidence of all tumours increased across 1983-2007 in children and adolescents. Considering change points, the APCs were: (1) children: 1983-1993, 4.3%^ (1.1; 7.7); 1993-2007, -0.2% (-1.9; 1.6); (2) adolescents: 1983-2004: 2.9%^ (0.9; 4.9); 2004-2007: -7.7% (-40; 41.9). For malignant tumours, the trends were not significant. 5-year survival was 65% (1991-2005), with no significant trends (except for non-malignant tumours). CNS tumour incidence in Spain was found to be similar to that in Europe. Rises in incidence may be mostly attributable to changes in the registration of non-malignant tumours. The overall malignant CNS tumour trend was compatible with reports for Southern Europe. Survival was lower than in Europe, without improvement over time. We provide a baseline for assessing current paediatric oncology achievements and incidence in respect of childhood and adolescent CNS tumours.

Global, Regional, and National Incidence and Mortality Trends in Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors over the Past 2 Decades

Pediatric tumors of the brain and central nervous system (CNS) are a worldwide issue with variances in epidemiology. How exactly incidence and mortality rates have changed over time has not been summarized. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to quantitively define the global, regional, and national epidemiological trends of these tumors. A retrospective review of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Database was performed incorporating data from 1999 to 2019. Global, regional, and national outcomes for pediatric CNS tumors were collected for incidence and mortality at a worldwide level, as well as across 7 continental regions, and then 204 countries and territories. Globally, the latest incidence of pediatric CNS tumors was 47,600 (uncertainty interval, 36,500-55,200) at a rate of 1.8 (1.4-2.2) per 100,000, with 23,500 (18,000-27,500) deaths due to these tumors at a rate of 0.9 (0.7-1.1) per 100,000 population. Both rates per 100,000 have decreased over the past 2 decades. With respect to regions, East Asia and Pacific had the highest incidence and mortality cases overall, but in terms of rate per 100,000, North America and Latin America and Caribbean had the highest values, respectively. There were 3/7 (43%) and 6/7 (86%) regions with decreasing incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 over the past 2 decades. China, India, and Pakistan were the 3 countries with both the highest incidence and mortality cases overall; however, San Marino, Denmark, and Norway had the highest incidence rates per 100,000, and Albania, Armenia, and Haiti had the highest mortality rates per 100,000. In the past 2 decades, 79/204 (39%) and 120/204 (59%) countries observed decreasing incidence and mortality rates per 100,000, respectively. Pediatric CNS tumors remains a worldwide issue, with there being multiple regions and countries worldwide that continue to experience uptrending incidence and mortality rates per 100,000. For both incidence and mortality, there is a clear discordance between regions and countries that report the highest number of cases versus the highest rate of cases per 100,000. Future research efforts are needed to identify positive intervention measures that respect the epidemiology of these tumors at global, regional, and national levels.

The epidemiologic associations of food availability with national incidence and mortality rates of pediatric central nervous system tumors.

The epidemiology of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in pediatric patients worldwide continues to be defined. To date, there has been no evaluation of how national food availability may associate with the incidence and mortality of these tumors. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to define if such associations exist. The most updated incidence and mortality rates of CNS tumors in pediatric patients were abstracted by country from the Global Burden of Disease database. Data regarding food availability parameters were identified and abstracted from the Food Systems Dashboard database. Associations were tested using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. There were sufficient data in a total of 175 countries worldwide describing the required outcomes. Median incidence and mortality rates across these countries were 1.63 per 100,000 and 0.80 per 100,000, respectively. Higher incidence rates of pediatric CNS tumors were statistically associated with lower availability of fruit and vegetables (P = 0.02), higher average protein supply (P < 0.01), lower share of dietary energy from cereal and roots (P < 0.01), lower supply of meat (P < 0.01), lower supply of nuts and seeds (P < 0.01), lower supply of vegetable oils (P < 0.01), and higher supply of vegetables (P < 0.01). Higher mortality rates due to pediatric CNS tumors were statistically associated with lower availability of fruit and vegetables (P = 0.048), lower supply of fish (P = 0.046), and lower supply of nuts and seeds (P = 0.04). When categorizing countries based on income status, there was a decrease in significant associations found more pronounced in low-middle income countries. There are many novel associations between national food availability and the incidence and mortality rates of pediatric CNS tumors across the world, which may be more pronounced and divergent in low-middle income countries. A greater understanding is needed to identify what specific components of the significant parameters influence these trends and how public health efforts may best address these associations to improve overall outcomes.

Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors Histologically Diagnosed in a Single Center of China 2003–2019

The classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors has changed greatly. The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) and other institutions have analyzed the incidence rate and characteristics of primary CNS tumors. However, there are limited studies analyzing the incidence rate and characteristics of CNS tumors in China. To better understand CNS tumors in China, we summarized all primary CNS tumors diagnosed pathologically in a single center from 2003 to 2019. All patients with primary CNS tumors who underwent neurosurgery at our hospital from January 2003 to December 2019 were included in this study. The data were collected from the hospital information system, including diagnosis time, age, gender, anatomic sites, and pathologic results. A total of 17,226 cases of primary CNS tumors were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Among all cases, the major tumor types included meningiomas, tumors of neuroepithelial tissue, and pituitary adenomas. Most tumors of neuroepithelial tissue were glioblastoma and astrocytoma. Most tumors of neuroepithelial tissue were located in the frontal lobe. However, grade 4 tumors of neuroepithelial tissue were more common in the temporal lobe. The median age of all patients was 46 years. The incidence of CNS tumors was higher in women than in men. Based on this data set, we analyzed various parameters of CNS tumors and found that grade 4 tumors of neuroepithelial tissue were more common in the temporal lobe, which were rarely reported in previous articles.

Long-term air pollution exposure and malignant intracranial tumours of the central nervous system: a pooled analysis of six European cohorts.

Risk factors for malignant tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are largely unknown. We pooled six European cohorts (N = 302,493) and assessed the association between residential exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particles (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3) and eight elemental components of PM2.5 (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, and zinc) and malignant intracranial CNS tumours defined according to the International Classification of Diseases ICD-9/ICD-10 codes 192.1/C70.0, 191.0-191.9/C71.0-C71.9, 192.0/C72.2-C72.5. We applied Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and area-level. During 5,497,514 person-years of follow-up (average 18.2 years), we observed 623 malignant CNS tumours. The results of the fully adjusted linear analyses showed a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.07 (0.95, 1.21) per 10 μg/m³ NO2, 1.17 (0.96, 1.41) per 5 μg/m³ PM2.5, 1.10 (0.97, 1.25) per 0.5 10-5m-1 BC, and 0.99 (0.84, 1.17) per 10 μg/m³ O3. We observed indications of an association between exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and BC and tumours of the CNS. The PM elements were not consistently associated with CNS tumour incidence.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM AND DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS DIAGNOSED AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER

Central Nervous System (CNS) tumours are rare and account for 1-2% of all malignancies.[1,2] It can present as a primary tumour or a metastatic neoplasm. Primary tumours show a bimodal peak. Objective: To provide an overview of the descriptive epidemiology and histological spectrum of CNS tumours in a tertiary care centre. Methods: This is a retrospective study, which includes all histologically diagnosed cases of CNS tumours from 2017-2020, retrieved from archives of department of Pathology in Saveetha medical college. The frequency and distribution of CNS tumours based on age, gender, histology and grades according to WHO Classication of CNS Tumours 2016 were analysed. Results: In our study, the incidence of CNS tumours was more common in the age group of 41-50 years and had a female preponderance. The most common tumour observed was meningioma followed by astrocytoma. WHO Grade I tumour was found to be most common among the primary CNS tumours. Histological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosis of CNS tumours. This study shows the incidence and distribution of CNS tumours. It helps identifying the burden of the disease in the community and can be further used for comparative studies in the future.

A retrospective epidemiological study of the World Health Organization (WHO)-classified primary brain and other Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors from a tertiary health care center in Northeast India

BackgroundBrain and other central nervous systems (CNS) tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that are prevalent in all age groups and gender. The study aimed to investigate the pattern of distribution of World Health Organization (WHO) classified primary brain and other CNS tumors among different age groups and gender at a tertiary care center in Northeast India. This is the first study of CNS tumors from this region of the country. The data obtained can be useful for correct diagnosis, timely treatment, and management of CNS tumors in this area. It can also provide relevant information concerning research and funding for this disease. Data collection was done retrospectively from January 1996 to March 2022. Distribution frequency as per age, gender, histopathology type, and tumor location was estimated. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software.ResultsA total of 1441 primary brain and other CNS tumors were examined in the study. There were 232 pediatric cases (16.1%) and 1209 adult cases (83.9%). The ratio of males to females was 1.4. The majority of the cases in the overall cohort were meningiomas (n = 346; 24%). Among the pediatric cohort, the maximum occurrence of gliomas, glioneuronal, and neuronal tumors (n = 68; 29.3%) was seen while meningiomas (n = 336; 27.8%) showed the highest prevalence in the adult cohort. There were 248 other distinct cases of CNS (17.2%) of which 62 (26.7%) were identified within the pediatric cohort and the remaining 186 (15.4%) were detected among the adult population. Most of the tumor sites was supratentorial areas (n = 759; 52.7%) with the next being spinal cord (n = 258; 18%).ConclusionThis is the first study from Northeast India that highlights the prevalence of WHO-classified CNS tumors. With newer and advanced health care and diagnostic facilities, there is an increased incidence of CNS tumors in developing countries. Our study may help in understanding the epidemiological aspects and highlight the need for research, funding, and maintenance of a hospital-based tumor registry for this particular ailment.

Temporal trends in the incidence of malignant and nonmalignant primary brain and central nervous system tumors by the method of diagnosis in England, 1993-2017.

Several studies report increases in the incidences of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The reasons for this are unclear. Data on all 188 340 individuals diagnosed with a primary CNS tumor in England (1993-2017) were obtained from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service. Data on all computerized tomography (CT) head and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans in England (2013-2017) were obtained from the National Health Service Digital. Age-sex-standardized annual incidence rates per 100 000 population (ASR) were calculated by calendar year, tumor behavior, tumor location, and method of diagnosis. Temporal trends were quantified using average annual percent change (AAPC). The ASR for all CNS tumors increased from 13.0 in 1993 to 18.6 in 2017 (AAPC: +1.5%, 95% CI: 1.3, 1.7). The ASR for malignant tumors (52% overall) remained stable (AAPC: +0.5%, 95% CI: -0.2, 1.3), while benign tumors (37% overall) increased (AAPC: +2.6%, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.0). Among the 66% of benign tumors that were microscopically confirmed, the ASR increased modestly (AAPC: +1.3%, 95% CI: 0.5, 2.1). However, among the 25% of benign tumors that were radiographically confirmed, the ASR increased substantially (AAPC: 10.2%, 95% CI: 7.9, 12.5), principally driven by large increases in those who are aged 65+ years. The rate of CT head scans in Accident & Emergency (A&E) increased during 2013-2017, with especially large increases in 65-84 and 85+-year-olds (AAPCs: +18.4% and +22.5%). Increases in CNS tumor incidence in England are largely attributable to the greater detection of benign tumors. This could be the result of the increasing use of neuroimaging, particularly CT head scans in A&E in people who are aged 65+ years.

Epidemiological characteristics of central nervous system tumors in children: a 5-year review of 3180 cases from Beijing Tiantan Hospital

BackgroundTo describe the epidemiological characteristics of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children, based on the neurosurgery department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital.MethodsFrom January 2015 to December 2019, 3180 children were histopathologically diagnosed with CNS tumors based on the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors. Patients were 0 to 15 years old. We analyzed age-related gender preferences, tumor locations, and the histological grades of the tumors. In addition, the epidemiological characteristics of the five most common intracranial tumors were compared to the previous studies.ResultsIn this study, intracranial and spinal tumors account for 96.4% (3066) and 3.6% (114) of all tumors, with a preponderance of supratentorial tumors (57.9%). Among all pediatric patients, low-grade tumors comprise 67.1% (2 135). The integral gender ratio of males to females is 1.47: 1 and the average age of patients is 7.59 years old. The five most common intracranial tumors are craniopharyngioma (15.4%), medulloblastoma (14.3%), pilocytic astrocytoma (11.8%), diffuse astrocytoma (9.8%), and anaplastic ependymoma (4.8%).ConclusionsDue to the lack of national data on childhood brain tumors, we used a large nationally representative population sample based on the largest pediatric neurosurgery center in China. We analyzed the data of the past 5 years, reflecting the incidence of CNS tumors in Chinese children to a certain extent, and laying a data foundation for subsequent clinical studies.

Global variation in young adult central nervous system tumor incidence by region, age, and sex from 1988 to 2012

BackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) tumors result in tremendous morbidity and mortality. Incidence of CNS tumors in young adults is less studied. It is unknown how young adult CNS tumor incidence has changed globally in recent decades. MethodsWe used Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) data (1988–2012) to estimate incidence rates (IR), average annual percent change in incidence (AAPC; 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]), and male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRR; 95% CI) by six histologies and age at diagnosis (20–29years, 30–39years). Tumors were classified as astrocytic, medulloblastoma, ependymal, oligodendroglial, meninges, and other embryonal. Geographic regions were defined using the United Nations Statistics Division geoscheme. ResultsThere were 78,240 CNS tumor cases included. 20–29-year-old (yo) rates were lower than 30–39 yo in most regions for astrocytic, oligodendroglial and ependymal tumors. Globally, astrocytic tumor incidence decreased (20–29 yo AAPC: − 0.70; 95% CI: − 1.32, − 0.08) while incidence increased for oligodendroglial (20–29 yo AAPC: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.57–4.51; 30–39 yo AAPC: 2.67; 95% CI: 0.79–4.58), ependymal (20–29 yo AAPC: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.31–2.03; 30–39 yo AAPC: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.14–3.46), medulloblastoma (30–39 yo AAPC: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.04–1.24) and tumors of the meninges (20–29 yo AAPC: 1.55; 95% CI: 0.04–3.07). There was a 20–40% male incidence excess in all histologies except for meninge tumors (30–39 yo IRR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.84). ConclusionsIncidence of oligodendroglial and ependymal tumors increased globally in 20–39 yo suggesting better diagnoses or changes in risk factors. Males had a higher incidence of CNS tumors for most tumors studied and in most regions.

Epidemiological study of brain cancer in Iran: A systematic review

Introduction: In recent decades, the incidence and mortality rate of brain tumours, especially in adults, has increased. In order to better plan to reduce the burden of this cancer, knowledge of the epidemiological aspects of this disease is essential. Therefore, due to the lack of a comprehensive study on brain cancer in Iran, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiological aspects of this cancer in Iran. Methods: In June 2020, keywords of 'brain tumour', 'nervous system tumours', 'nervous system neoplasm', 'nervous system cancer', 'central nervous system (CNS)' and 'Iran' were searched on Medline/PubMed and Web of Science databases Scopus, Embase, SID, IranMedex, and Google Scholar. The search results were entered Endnotes Version 8; finally, 35 full papers were reviewed and included in the study. Results: The incidence of brain cancer and CNS tumour is lower in children in central Iran. The incidence of CNS cancer was relatively high among children in Golestan province. Furthermore, the standardised incidence of primary CNS tumours in Iran is 5.69 per 100,000, which is lower than in other countries. Nervous system malignancies were more common in men than in women (age-standardized rate 3 versus 2.2 per 100,000 in men and women, respectively). Tehran had the highest incidence of CNS tumours. Meningiomas were the only most common tumour in women. Gliomas were the most common primary brain tumour, and most of the lesions in this subgroup were in low-grade astrocytoma and ependymomas. Brain cancer mortality was higher in men than in women. Age is a potential risk factor, and the incidence of CNS tumours increases with increasing age after 30 years. Conclusion: Nervous system cancers are on the rise in Iran due to lifestyle changes and increased risk factors. Planning to reduce risk factors and early detection of the disease can be helpful in reducing cases and reducing mortality.

Survival rates of children and young adolescents with CNS tumors improved in the Netherlands since 1990: A population-based study.

IntroductionSurvival of children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors varies largely between countries. For the Netherlands, detailed population-based estimation of incidence, survival, and mortality of pediatric CNS tumors are lacking but are needed to evaluate progress.MethodsAll CNS tumors diagnosed in patients <18 years during 1990-2017 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Other than pilocytic astrocytomas, nonmalignant tumors were included since 2000. Incidence and mortality trends were evaluated by average annual percentage change (AAPC). Changes over time in the five-year observed survival (5-year OS) were evaluated by Poisson regression models adjusted for follow-up time.ResultsBetween 1990 and 2017, 2057 children were diagnosed with a malignant CNS tumor and 885 with a pilocytic astrocytoma. During 2000-2017, 695 children were diagnosed with other nonmalignant CNS tumors. Incidence rates of malignant tumors remained stable, while pilocytic astrocytomas and other nonmalignant tumors increased by 2.0% and 2.4% per year, respectively. The 5-year OS rates improved for all groups; however, improvement for malignant tumors was not constant over time. The contribution of malignant tumors located at the optic nerve tumors was 1% in 2000-2009. However, shifting from pilocytic astrocytomas, increased to 6% in 2010-2017, impacting survival outcomes for malignant tumors.ConclusionSurvival rates of CNS tumors improved over time but were not accompanied by a decreasing mortality rate. The observed temporary survival deterioration for malignant tumors appears to be related to changes in diagnostics and registration practices. Whether differences in treatment regimens contribute to this temporary decline in survival needs to be verified.

Incidence and survival of childhood central nervous system tumors in Denmark, 1997-2019.

BackgroundIncidence rates in Denmark of central nervous system (CNS) tumors remain among the highest in the world. Survival rates, however, have improved in the past decades in high‐income countries.MethodsWe analyzed incidence and survival of childhood CNS tumors in Denmark diagnosed from 1997 to 2019 based on data from the Danish Childhood Cancer Registry and information on histological types, tumor localization, and treatment from medical records.ResultsFrom 1997 to 2019, 949 children<15 years were diagnosed with a CNS tumor. Age‐standardized incidence was 42.1 (95% CI, 39.4–44.6) per million person‐years and stable during this period. Age‐specific incidence for children aged 0–4 years was 47.7 per million. More than one‐third (n = 374, 39.4%) were treated with surgery alone. Overall survival rates 5 and 10 years after diagnosis were 77.6% (95% CI, 74.7–80.2) and 74.7% (95% CI, 71.7–77.5). Five‐year overall survival improved from 73.0% (95% CI, 68.9–76.7) in 1997–2008 to 83.2% (95% CI, 79.2–86.4) in 2009–2019 (p‐value < 0.0001) in children aged 0–4 years (p = 0.0006).ConclusionIncidence rates are stable but remain among the highest in the world. Despite improved survival rates in recent years in younger children, some subtypes still have a poor prognosis.

Incidence and prevalence of primary malignant brain tumours in Canada from 1992 to 2017: an epidemiologic study.

Background:Primary malignant brain tumours account for more than one-third of all brain tumours and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of primary malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumours and trends in these rates in Canada from 1992 to 2017.Methods:We conducted an epidemiologic study using publicly available data from the Canadian Cancer Registry from 1992 to 2017 (1994 to 2015 for prevalence) for all of Canada except Quebec (1992 to 2011). We calculated the incidence and prevalence per 100 000 person-years and the age-standardized incidence and prevalence per 100 000 person-years of primary malignant CNS tumours and stratified them by sex and age (pediatric [≥ 19 yr], adult [20–64 yr] and older adult [> 64 yr]). Our analyses assessed average disease duration, survival differences between males and females, and trends over time.Results:During the study period, the average age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of all primary malignant CNS tumours were 7.9 and 7.6 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The incidence and prevalence increased by 37.5% and 40.5%, respectively, over the study period. Males accounted for more than half (26 085 [56.4%]) of all diagnoses and experienced decreased survival compared to females 1 year after diagnosis (p = 0.048). Children accounted for 4605 new diagnoses (10.0%), adults for 23 950 (51.7%), and older adults for 17 735 (38.3%). Age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates were highest among older adults.Interpretation:Overall, the incidence of primary malignant CNS tumours increased from 1992 to 2017, and males and older adults were disproportionately affected. Increased health care resources and awareness are needed to improve identification of these tumours and deliver evidence-based care that balances safety, efficacy and preservation of quality of life for affected patients.

Trends of Central Nervous System Tumours and their Histological Subtypes in a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern India

Introduction: Study of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumours is quite interesting for the varied spectrum we come across and the significant morbidity they cause. They constitute 2% of all adult malignancies but there is 20% of childhood malignancies. Even though there is bimodal age peaks in the incidence, paediatric age group CNS tumours are quite different biologically and histologically from adult brain tumours. Some of the brain tumours have a dismal prognosis while some have good outcome depending on the extent of removal. Aim: To study the trend of the incidence of various CNS tumours and their histological subtypes at ESIC Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, India over a period of seven years. Materials and Methods: The present study is a retrospective descriptive analysis of CNS specimens received at the Department of Pathology, ESIC Superspeciality Hospital, Sanathnagar over a period of seven years which were confirmed on Histopathological Examination (HPE) as CNS tumours. This article is a study of CNS tumours, their trends in incidence in accordance with their age, sex, clinical presentation, and site of occurrence. The specimens were formalin fixed, underwent routine automatic tissue processing, paraffin embedded and Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) staining was done. Immunohistochemistry, special stains were done when necessary. Reporting was done according to the prevailing World Health Organisation (WHO) classification system of tumours of the CNS (2007/2016). The results were analysed using percentages and mean scores. Results: In this study, gliomas, meningiomas and schwannomas were the most common groups with higher incidence in males in the age group of 40-50 years. The frontal lobe was most commonly involved. Conclusion: In this study, an emphasis was laid on the variety of CNS tumours that are generally encountered, their age and gender distribution. Histopathological confirmation seems to be the gold standard and is an essential preliminary step for management.

Histomorphological Spectrum of Pediatric Supratentorial CNS Tumors: A 3-year Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Center.

ABSTRACTObjective:Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common neoplasms in children and they differ from their adult counterparts in terms of incidence, topography, clinical features, histology, and outcome. This article analyzes the incidence of supratentorial tumors, various histopathological entities, and their characteristics in pediatric patients <18 years of age.Materials and Methods:This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neurosurgery, MMC/RGGGH Chennai from January 2017 to December 2019. Data of supratentorial tumors in children less than 18 years of age procured and their histomorphological profile were analyzed.Results:In our institution, of a total of 1134 CNS and spinal neoplasms, 117 pediatric intracranial and 7 spinal neoplasms were reported and the incidence of supratentorial pediatric tumors was 44.44% (52 cases). Among which intraaxial tumors account for 38.46% with 20 cases, extraaxial tumors 51.92% with 27 cases, and intraventricular tumors 9.61% with five reported cases. Most common tumors reported were astrocytomas, craniopharyngioma, followed by ependymoma among othersConclusion:Though posterior fossa neoplasms are more common in children, supratentorial tumors show a rising trend worldwide in the pediatric population. Our study gives an overview of the incidence and histopathological profile of supratentorial CNS tumors.

Might changes in diagnostic practice explain increasing incidence of brain and central nervous system tumors? A population-based study in Wales (United Kingdom) and the United States.

Increasing incidence of central nervous system (CNS) tumors has been noted in some populations. However, the influence of changing surgical and imaging practices has not been consistently accounted for. We evaluated average annual percentage change (AAPC) in age- and gender-stratified incidence of CNS tumors by tumor subtypes and histological confirmation in Wales, United Kingdom (1997-2015) and the United States (2004-2015) using joinpoint regression. In Wales, the incidence of histologically confirmed CNS tumors increased more than all CNS tumors (AAPC 3.62% vs 1.63%), indicating an increasing proportion undergoing surgery. Grade II and III glioma incidence declined significantly (AAPC -3.09% and -1.85%, respectively) but remained stable for those with histological confirmation. Grade IV glioma incidence increased overall (AAPC 3.99%), more markedly for those with histological confirmation (AAPC 5.36%), suggesting reduced glioma subtype misclassification due to increased surgery. In the United States, the incidence of CNS tumors increased overall but was stable for histologically confirmed tumors (AAPC 1.86% vs 0.09%) indicating an increase in patients diagnosed without surgery. An increase in grade IV gliomas (AAPC 0.28%) and a decline in grade II gliomas (AAPC -3.41%) were accompanied by similar changes in those with histological confirmation, indicating the overall trends in glioma subtypes were unlikely to be caused by changing diagnostic and clinical management. Changes in clinical practice have influenced the incidence of CNS tumors in the United Kingdom and the United States. These should be considered when evaluating trends and in epidemiological studies of putative risk factors for CNS tumors.