Central Business Research Articles

The Influence Of Promotion, Customer Experience And Word Of Mouth On Purchasing Decisions At Boss Café Bayangkara Medan

The restaurant business in Indonesia has always been dominated by foreign market share. Without looking far, busy centers such as malls, for example, are currently filled with restaurants from western countries or China. Starting from fast food restaurants to restaurants that provide full course menus. The population continues to increase, meaning the level of human need for food also continues to increase. Especially in the restaurant sector, it is currently showing very good development and is a business prospect that is progressing rapidly and increasing. The aim of this research is to find out whether promotions partially have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at Boss Cafe Bhayangkara, as well as knowing the influence of Customer Experience on purchasing decisions, and knowing simultaneously on Word of Mouth and the existence of Promotions in Customer Experience, Word of Mouth which has an influence on purchasing decisions at Boss Café Bhayangkara. In this research method, it is quantitative. The population in this research is all Boss Café Bhayangkara customers. The sampling technique is based on criteria (considerations). The sample parameters are: All Boss Café Bhayangkara customers, all Boss Café Bhayangkara customers came back using the Zikmund formula to reduce the sample size, so the sample in this study was 96 people and rounded up to 100 people. The results obtained from this research show that: 1) Promotion, 2) Customer Experience, 3) Wort of Mouth, 4) Purchase decisions. Basically, it shows how far the influence of an independent variable individually is in explaining the dependent variable.

Tobacco Industry CSR activities in Poland between 2020-2023

Abstract Background The tobacco industry has undergone a significant transformation in its approach towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. Once primarily associated with controversy and criticism due to the health risks associated with tobacco consumption, many tobacco companies have begun to embrace CSR initiatives as a means to mitigate these concerns and demonstrate their commitment to broader societal well-being. Methods Methods were based on the Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index. Between 1 January 2020 and 31 March 2023 scoping review of legal basis, Polish media websites, Polish government and local government websites, also social media of tobacco industry companies has been done by four reviewers searching separately. Results Between 2020 and 2023 several tobacco companies supported public schools (organized workshops, offered internships, and demonstrated the production processes). In 2022, the National Revenue Administration signed an agreement with Philip Morris Polska, among other companies, under the Cooperation Program. The objective of the Program is to initiate collaborative measures that promote compliance with tax regulations. At the end of 2021, the National Revenue Administration took patronage over the Business Center Club social campaign entitled ‘Coming together to fight the illicit trade in tobacco products’. Moreover, in March 2023 the General Police Headquarters started cooperation with BAT and JTI in the field of combating illegal production and trade in tobacco products, as well as disclosing and eliminating tobacco products from illegal sources from economic circulation. Conclusions In Poland, which currently has no specific regulation constraining tobacco industry lobbying, implementation of the provisions of WHO FCTC Article 5.3 is needed to limit interactions between the government and the tobacco industry. Government and public schools should not accept any support from the tobacco industry. Key messages • The government should have regulatory measures to manage its interactions with the tobacco industry, emphasizing the importance of refraining from accepting industry assistance. • Implementation of WHO FCTC Article 5.3 of is needed to limit interactions between the government and the tobacco industry.

Evaluating Employability Skills Integration in a Citizenship Education Textbook

The International Labour Organization (ILO) generated a strategic plan for skills and lifelong learning from 2022 to 2030, aiming to improve students’ access to future jobs. One of the target goals of the ILO's plan was to ensure that educational programs meet the changing needs of labour markets. Therefore, there is a rising need to assess whether teaching programmes can prepare learners for the requirements of future jobs. In this study, we investigate how employability skills are integrated in teaching resources. For this purpose, 54 learning activities from a Grade 6 Citizenship Education textbook in Bahrain were analysed using 56 predefined codes elaborated by the Conference Board of Canada in a document that was developed by the Corporate Council on Education, a program of the National Business and Education Centre since 2000. This study employs quantitative analysis, including Pearson correlation coefficients and regression analysis to evaluate the integration of employability skills in the learning activities using three major factors: Fundamental Skills (FS), Personal Management Skills (PMS) and Teamwork Skills (TS). The results show that Fundamental Skills (Mean = 3.87, Standard Deviation = 1.26) are well integrated, whereas Personal Management Skills (Mean= 3.17, Standard Deviation = 1.54) demonstrate moderate integration with notable variations. In contrast, Teamwork Skills display a low level of integration (Mean = 1.02 Standard Deviation = 1.88). The correlation analysis confirms a relationship (r = 0.615, p < 0.01) between FS and PMS but shows insignificant correlations between TS and the other skill sets. These findings highlight a critical gap in teamwork skill integration and suggest a need for increased focus on teamwork in educational materials, while recommending further research to focus on expanding the sample size, incorporating more qualitative analyses, and exploring effective strategies for integrating employability skills into educational resources.

Biochemical researchers building careers across sectors

Building a career across sectors is rewarding and impactful, but barriers harm the ability of researchers to pursue new avenues. New evidence and policy recommendations from the National Centre for Universities and Business shine a light on opportunities to unlock diverse careers in biochemistry.

The Impact of Toll Road Development on Urbanization Typology and Economic Structure (Case Study: Palikanci Toll Road in Ciledug District, Cirebon Regency)

This study examines the impact of toll roads on regional growth, specifically focusing on the Ciledug District, which has been crossed by the Palikanci Toll Road since 2009. The research identifies the typology of urbanization and assesses changes in the area’s economic structure due to the toll road. A mixed method approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection, land change analysis via Google Earth and ArcGis 13.1, and field observations of land use. The findings reveal gentrification in the northern part of Ciledug, marked by the growth of business centers in Jatiseeng and rising land prices. This has led to the expansion of settlements toward the southern area, particularly in Jatiseeng Kidul. The toll road and the industrial estate in North Ciledug have accelerated the transformation of the local economy, with residents diversifying their livelihoods to adapt to urbanization. However, the study also notes a lack of improvement in essential infrastructure services, suggesting that regional development policies have not yet adapted to the gentrification, posing risks of urban sprawl.

Speaking in Private: Privacy Expectations Depend on Communication Modality

Consumers disclose personal information when they interact with connected technologies. The advent of voice technology has enabled consumers to interact with connected technologies not only through typing but also through speaking. The present research investigates whether consumers expect different levels of privacy for information they disclose via different communication modalities. The results of three studies suggest that consumers have more restrictive privacy expectations for information disclosed via speech as compared with text. The studies probe the viability of several mechanisms that may drive this effect and test practically relevant moderators. The results suggest that the effect is driven, at least in part, by increased feelings of ownership over content disclosed via speech as compared with text. Of relevance to multiple stakeholders, the article discusses implications for privacy regulation, privacy-preserving application design, targeted advertising, and the “privacy paradox.” This paper has been This paper was accepted by Catherine Tucker for the Special Issue on the Human-Algorithm Connection. Funding: This work was supported by Marketing Science Institute [4001309], NYU Stern Center for Global Economy and Business. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03954 .

Determinants of Intention to Choose Halal Certified Restaurant in West Java

The establishment of halal-labeled restaurants that offer a diverse range of food and beverages is in line with the growing awareness of halal certification. However, the importance of halal certification was not fully known by the public. This study aimed to investigate the potential influence of knowledge, attitude, and religiosity on consumers' purchase interest in halal restaurants in West Java. In addition, certain eateries emphasize the natural and cultural aspects of the region. The varied traditional cuisine, business centers, and the presence of Muslim communities make West Java an attractive destination for those seeking a religiously oriented and convenient dining experience. This study used primary data collected from 100 respondents through a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. The study utilized purposive sampling, a type of non-probability sampling, and employed multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 29 for data analysis, the study was conducted in 3 stages, namely t-test, f-test, and coefficient of determination test. The findings indicate that attitude and religiosity factors influence consumer purchase intention at the halal restaurant. Conversely, knowledge was not proven to significantly affect public purchase intention at the halal restaurant in this study. This research has significant implications for halal restaurant owners. Halal restaurant owners in West Java can better understand the needs and preferences of Muslim consumers, strengthen their market position, and promote the growth of the halal industry in the region.

Protection of the rights of foreign investors during the state of war in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the protection of the rights of foreign investors during the state of war in Ukraine. The author focuses on the fact that this topic is currently relevant due to the fact that the reconstruction of Ukraine will become necessary. The war caused the outflow of foreign investments from our country. In addition, corruption, pressure from the authorities, and unfair justice are the reasons why foreign investors leave Ukraine. Every investor aspires to work in a state where law and justice reign, so Ukraine, which aspires to membership in the European Union, should create just such a state. Therefore, its primary task is to create a favorable business climate for foreign investors to carry out their activities. Current Ukrainian legislation guarantees compensation and indemnification of losses to a foreign investor, guarantees are also provided in case of termination of investment activity; state guarantees for the protection of foreign investments are defined. In accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On State Support of Investment Projects with Significant Investments in Ukraine», the state provides support to large investment projects. In connection with the introduction of the state of war in Ukraine in 2024, the Law of Ukraine on the insurance of investments against war risks entered into force. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine established a credit agency that provides investment insurance. Although the war made Ukraine unattractive to foreign investors, the authorities are taking all possible measures to improve the country’s investment climate. The author draws attention to the need to study and transpose the experience of successful countries in this regard. For example, Australia offers quite good conditions to foreign investors - consistent economic growth, highly qualified labor force, strategic location, efficient administration and judicial system, and good infrastructure. Mexico is also attractive to foreign investors, the «Invest in Mexico» business center has been created to assist investors. The war is an accelerant for positive changes in the state, and after its end, the reconstruction of Ukraine is an important task, therefore the efforts of all branches of government should be directed at overcoming all obstacles to the effective work of foreign investors in our state.

Implementasi Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) Perspektif Etika Bisnis Islam

Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources. These natural resources will be of value if managed properly. This can lead to the creation of a business or business by utilizing existing natural resources. Tempura is one of the business districts in Magelang Regency, ranging from small-scale business centers to industrial scale. In Islam, a business person is not allowed to do business only to seek maximum profit. But you have to pay attention to ethics in doing business. This research examines the implementation of Islamic business ethics in the Brambang Salam restaurant, which is located in a boarding school environment. The research method used is qualitative research. The data used in this study are primarily in the form of interviews and documentation of informants. The sources used in this study included one manager, 2 employees, 3 students, and 3 administrators of the Islamic boarding school. The results of this study reveal that the Griya Dhahar Brambang Salam restaurant has carried out social responsibility based on Islamic business ethics. This can be seen in various aspects. First, the responsibility between humans and Allah, such as paying part of the electricity and water costs. Second, human-human responsibilities such as giving holiday allowances and recruiting employees. Third, social responsibility between humans and the environment, such as providing community service and making special waste disposal sites.

Analysis of the resource base and competition of business tourism in Moscow

This paper analyzes the resource base in the context of the competitiveness of business tourism in Moscow. It considers the key elements that form the infrastructure of business tourism, such as the hotel sector, transport accessibility, service level and the presence of business centers. Particular attention is paid to a comparative analysis with other large cities, which helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Moscow’s offer. It also considers factors influencing the development of business tourism, including macroeconomic conditions, trends in event organization and digitalization of services. The importance of cooperation between government and the private sector to create an attractive environment for international business clients is emphasized. In conclusion, recommendations are formulated for optimizing the city’s resource base to increase competitiveness and improve the image of Moscow as one of the leading destinations for business tourism.

Changeability, adaptability, and resiliency of Indonesian historic area: a case of Kesawan, Medan

Abstract This paper aims to analyse changes in buildings and plots in a historical area in Medan, Indonesia, in 1875, 1945, and 2023. Change is discussed from the aspect of physical and functional change. The ability of an environment to change and adapt is in line with the concepts of resilience and sustainability. This paper shows that buildings change functionally from hotels and clubhouses to banks. Plots became smaller as previous plots were divided into smaller parts separated by new streets or alleys. This pattern was more pronounced in large, square-shaped plots. Factors that drove these changes were influenced by political factors (lack of government regulation and social movement against Dutch colonialism) and economic factors (Kesawan’s role as a business center).

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY OF SUSTAINABILITY AND HIGHEST BEST USE (SHBU) APPROACH FOR FELDA LAND DEVELOPMENT

Sustainability and Highest Best Use (SHBU) approach is believed to be useful in assisting the Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) to develop its land towards improving settlers’ prosperity and livelihood. This research aims to demonstrate a proposed strategy for implementing the SHBU using a mixed methods approach which integrates interviews and Geographical Information System-based Multiple-criteria Decision Analysis (GIS-based MCDA). The interview component seeks to obtain feedback and development aspirations from respondents in FELDA Gunung Besout 03, while GIS technology generates and displays the findings in spatial forms to empower decision-making. Data were analysed using content analysis and spatial analysis accordingly. The findings from interview shows that generally, the SHBU approach is suitable for land development. Besides, GIS-based MCDA reveals four types of future land development spanning about 796 hectares encompassing cropland, residential areas, and small business centres. The findings become the basis for crafting the implementation strategies aimed at developing FELDA land within the study area.

Kurasi Produk UMKM Kabupaten Probolinggo dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing di Pasar Retail Modern

This MSMEs product curation assistance is motivated by the many potential MSMEs in Probolinggo Regency that have not been optimally developed. The purpose of this curation is to encourage MSMEs in Probolinggo Regency to compete in modern and even export markets. In addition, curating products for MSMEs can ensure that these products meet the quality and feasibility standards required by consumers. This curation assistance is a collaboration between Business Center at the University of Nurul Jadid, Rumah Kurasi, and the Probolinggo District Office of Cooperatives, Micro Enterprises, Trade and Industry. There were 20 business participants who participated in the product curation assistance. The curation process begins with product photos for digitalization needs, interviews, then giving a curation report. The curation results show that 14 MSMEs have modern market qualifications and 6 MSMEs have traditional market qualifications. The output of this curation assistance is a “Business to Business (B2B) - Business Matching” event or bringing together Probolinggo District MSMEs with buyers from shops, retail, restaurants and souvenir centers throughout Malang held at the Malang Creative Center. They will select suitable products to be sold in their stores based on the buyers' wishes and product quality standards.

ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE: DETERMINATION OF FACTORS AND WAYS OF ITS ACTIVATION

The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of investment activity, analyse the current level of investment activity in the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy and identify factors and methods of its increase. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the fundamental principles of national economic management, investment activity and development of agricultural production entities. The research used the following scientific methods: axiomatic (to establish basic definitions that clarify the essence of the study), systematic (to identify components within the agricultural production sector), institutional (to construct the subject-object framework of the institutional environment for investment activity in agricultural production), correlation-regression analysis (to identify key predictors influencing investment activity in the agricultural sector), abstraction (to prioritise the stimulation of investment activity in agricultural production), and reproductive (to substantiate alternative strategies for attracting investment in agricultural enterprises). The results of the study show that diversification of investment sources and modernisation of technological infrastructure of agricultural production are important prerequisites for institutional reforms in the agricultural sector of the country. Increasing investment activity in agricultural enterprises can be achieved by creating a favourable investment climate. This includes government initiatives to create a transparent and stable regulatory framework, simplify bureaucratic processes, and ensure legal and financial stability. Another key aspect is to facilitate access to financial instruments such as low-interest loans, grants and subsidies to support the development of agricultural enterprises. The results of the study are presented in the form of tables, figures, graphs, diagrams and charts. Practical implications. Given the high level of integration of the domestic agricultural sector into the global food market, it is worth exploring the potential of using customs instruments to stimulate investment processes. Such instruments could include a zero VAT rate for investment agricultural goods and measures to prevent double taxation. Value / Оriginality. Investment activity in Ukraine can be intensified under the following conditions: ensuring financing for innovations; developing and implementing a system of measures to increase the investment activity of commercial banks; promoting the development of the stock market and venture capital; developing investment infrastructure; borrowing the best international experience in assessing the efficiency of business centres and business incubators; forming an investment and innovation culture in society, etc.

Interview with Nils Melzer

Nils Melzer was appointed as the Director of International Law, Policy and Humanitarian Diplomacy of the International Committee of the Red Cross in 2022. He previously served with the ICRC from 1999 until 2011, both as a delegate in operational contexts and as a Legal Adviser in Geneva. He has also been the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (2016–22), Senior Security Policy Adviser to the Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2015–16), and Vice-President of the International Institute of Humanitarian Law in Sanremo (2019–22). An affiliate Professor of International Law at the University of Glasgow, he has also held the Swiss Chairs for Human Rights and for International Humanitarian Law at the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, and has been a Senior Fellow and Programme Adviser for Emerging Security Challenges at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy, as well as Research Director at the Centre for Business and Human Rights at the University of Zürich.

Urban system equilibrium model in an asymmetric polycentric city and the influence of rail transit investment

Taking bus and subway into account, an asymmetric polycentric urban system equilibrium model is constructed to explore the impacts of rail transit on the distribution of residents and labor force in a linear polycentric urban system. By comparing the urban system equilibria before and after the introduction of rail transit, the influence of rail transit on urban performance is analyzed. The results show that the introduction of rail transit makes the advantaged center more attractive for the labor force, and further widens the economic level gap between the two business centers. Specifically, larger distance between the two commercial centers and the higher subway travel cost would strengthen the polarization effect caused by rail transit investment. Since the improvement of transportation makes it easier for residents to accept long-distance commuting and they are more willing to choose the jobs in the advanced center.

Research on the Deformation Control Measures during the Construction Period of Super High-Rise Buildings with an Asymmetric Plan

Based on the Guangzhou Business Center project, a typical super high-rise building with an asymmetric plan, taking the construction speed, closure time of mega braces and belt trusses as influencing factors, a parametric analysis on its lateral and vertical deformations, as well as the maximum stress of key structural members was conducted. The analysis results indicated that the construction speed had a relatively small impact on the deformation and the maximum stress of key members. However, synchronous closure of belt truss compared with the delayed closure would result in smaller horizontal and vertical deformation differences, as well as the stress of belt truss. Meanwhile, the closure timing of the mega braces had little influence on the vertical deformation difference and the stress of belt truss. And the earlier the closure, the smaller the horizontal drift ratio, the greater the maximum stress of the mega braces. Further, deformation control measurements were brought forward. On the one hand, FEM simulation was carried out according to the above construction suggestions. On the other hand, real-time monitoring was also used. Finally, by comparing both results, proposed construction deformation control measures and simulation methods were verified.

Improving the 'Golden Patient' Initiative at a British Major Trauma Centre: A Single-Centre Study.

Introduction Delays in theatre start times are expensive and associated with poor outcomes. To reduce these delays, a Golden Patient (GP) protocol was used at one of Britain's major trauma centres, the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow. We sought to clarify how often Golden Patients (GPs) were stepped down from being first on the day's trauma list and to identify significant contributing factors. Methods We collected data over an eight-week period, with 80 GPs collated in total. If stepped down, we recorded their age, gender, injury, location, and day of planned surgery. Univariate analyses were then performed to test for statistical significance. We also followed stepped-down patients, noting how long until they received their operation. Results The incidence of GPs stepped down from being first on the list was 11.25%. This did not vary with age, gender, or type of injury, but was significantly associated with patients being at home the night before their planned operation (p=0.0114) and cases occurring on Fridays (p=0.0139). Of those stepped-down GPs who remained for operative management, all received their operation within one day. Conclusion This study, the first of its kind since the COVID-19 pandemic, shows low rates of GP step down, comparable to previous audits of GP initiatives in similar centres. When delays did occur, GPs received timely operative management once underlying issues were resolved. This study suggests that planned GPs should be admitted the night before their operation. Whilst the GP system serves trauma patients well, we identified areas for improvement in the efficiency of our own service applicable to other busy major trauma centres.

MODERN PROBLEMS OF TRANSFORMATION OF RURAL AREAS AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCE ON THE MANAGEMENT OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE

Rural areas play a key role in ensuring sustainable development, supporting the national economy, and preserving cultural heritage. Their development and support are important tasks of state policy and business centers. The aim of the article is to study the current problems of rural area transformation as a factor influencing the management of agro-industrial enterprises. The term "rural areas" has been clarified as a complex system that combines economic, environmental, and social aspects, creating conditions for sustainable development and improving residents' quality of life. The carried out research gives grounds to understand the transformation of rural areas as a process of changes that occur in rural areas under the influence of economic, social, technological, and environmental factors. This process includes several aspects that affect the structure, functioning, and development of agro-industrial enterprises in rural areas. The modern concepts of transformation of rural areas are analyzed, and their essence, prominent advantages, and disadvantages in the context of ensuring the efficiency of management of agro-industrial enterprise are clarified. The mentality of the rural population is a key player in the transformation of rural areas. Understanding and considering this mentality is crucial in developing more effective and sustainable strategies for rural area development, which in turn can lead to harmonious growth and improved quality of life in these areas. The formation of stereotypes about rural residents has a profound impact on the transformation of rural areas. It is essential to challenge and rethink these stereotypes, as doing so cannot only improve the perception of agribusiness but also contribute to the sustainable development of rural areas, making them more attractive and economically viable.

VOC dan Dinamika Kekuasaan di Sumenep Abad XVIII

The city of Sumenep is a traditional palace city which is located on the outskirts of the city and also close to the beach. The Palace City has the function of being the residence of kings and their families, and has a role as a place for cultural activities, government activities and the economy. Since 1705, after Sumenep came under the auspices of the VOC, elements of foreign culture began to enter into the formation of the city of Sumenep. The general aim of this research is to describe incidents or events in the past, and then use them for the learning process in the present. The research method used in this research is the historical research method which consists of five stages, first topic selection, second heuristics, third source criticism, fourth interpretation, and fifth historiography. Sumenep is located at the tip of Madura Island and occupies a strategic position that supports Sumenep as a stopping area which is often visited by ships and boats from the archipelago or from abroad. In 1705, when Mataram entered into an agreement, Sumenep as a whole became colonial territory and Sumenep was a busy trade center in the 18th century because it had a port as a stopping area for ships connecting with islands in the eastern region and had an important port for trade over long distances. Thus, the release of the Sumenep area from Mataram's control would certainly go through a long process. One of the influencing factors is the existence of an element of interest in maintaining the power that has mastered this issue.