Centers In Kuwait Research Articles

Pre-septal and Orbital Cellulitis: A Retrospective Analysis of Manifestations and Outcomes of a Tertiary Center in Kuwait.

Introduction Orbital cellulitis is an infectious condition that presents a gap in the literature in regard to its manifestations in the Middle East. A retrospective investigation was undertaken at one tertiary care facility in Kuwait, aiming to augment regional insights into the etiological factors and subsequent outcomes associated with this condition. Methods A retrospective review collected data from 92 patients in a tertiary care center in Kuwait for patients admitted with pre-septal and orbital cellulitis between January 2013 and June 2023. Primary outcomes assessed the resolution of symptoms, categorized as "completely resolved" and "resolved with complications". Secondary outcome measures included patients' ages, microbiology, laboratory, and radiological findings. Gender, predisposing conditions, surgical status, and orbital involvement were additionally extracted and analyzed descriptively. Results Data of n=92 (56 males and 36 females) were extracted. Ages ranged from 20 days to 18 years, the mean being seven years. Additionally, 52.2% (n=48) were diagnosed with orbital cellulitis, and 42.4% (n=39) were diagnosed with pre-septal cellulitis on admission. Cultures were available for n=60. Specifically, 52.1% (n=48) received CT scans; 6.5% (n=6) MRI scans; and 98.9% (n=91) received antibiotics (microbiology investigated: n=83). Ceftriaxone was used in 82.6% (n=76); 20.6% (n=19) received surgical interventions, and incision and drainage (I&D) were done on 15.2% (n=14). Visual acuity was assessed in 59.7% (n=55) patients. Five (5.43%) reported visual deterioration, and 87 (94.6%) of the outcomes were classified as "completely resolved". Conclusion Upper respiratory tract infections were the most common documented predisposing risk factor in the development of pre-septal and orbital cellulitis. Adverse outcomes in vision were documented in 5.43% of patients. A paucity of regional data highlights the importance of conducting further studies locally.

Enzymatic testing for mucopolysaccharidosis type I in Kuwaiti newborns: a preliminary study toward newborn screening.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by deficient or absent α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) enzyme activity due to pathogenic variants in the IDUA gene. Early treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and/or enzyme replacement therapy is associated with improved outcomes in this progressive multisystem disease. The diagnosis is usually delayed due to late presentation and non-specific symptoms, which result in high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of MPS I is unknown in Kuwait. This pilot study was undertaken to screen MPS I in all Kuwaiti neonates born at Farwaniya Hospital (FH), a major center in Kuwait, over 12 months. This study examined the incidence of MPS I for inclusion in the national newborn screening (NBS) to enable its early detection and adequate treatment. All Kuwaiti neonates born at FH between December 2021 and December 2022 were screened for MPS I. The screening consisted of determining IDUA enzyme activity in dried blood spot-derived samples using tandem mass spectrometry. A follow-up genetic analysis of the IDUA gene has been planned to screen the cases with diminished IDUA enzyme activity as second-tier testing. A total of 618 newborns, including 331 (54%) boys and 287 (46%) girls, were screened. Of them, 20 had deficient IDUA enzyme activity but showed negative genetic testing. However, we have diagnosed one additional female infant with MPS I who belonged to FH, but the parents chose to deliver in a private hospital. The molecular genetic study revealed the presence of a previously reported pathogenic nonsense variant in the IDUA c.1882C>T, which is associated with severe phenotype. That being included, MPS I is estimated to be approximately 0.2% of all screened cases in Kuwait. Our study is the first to evaluate the incidence of MPS I in Kuwait. Given the single center, small number of screened infants, and the short study duration thus far, it is premature to calculate the incidence. It is anticipated that as the study continues, we would be able to estimate the incidence in our population correctly. Screening newborns in all maternity hospitals in Kuwait is necessary to calculate the actual incidence of this severe disorder. Still, our preliminary data support the inclusion of MPS I in national NBS program to allow early initiation of treatment and thus improve disease outcome.

Nusinersen Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Retrospective Multicenter Study of Pediatric and Adult Patients in Kuwait.

Spinal muscular atrophy is a neuromuscular genetic condition associated with progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide therapy approved for the treatment of 5q spinal muscular atrophy in pediatric and adult patients. The objective of this clinical case series is to describe the efficacy and safety of nusinersen in treating spinal muscular atrophy in 20 pediatric and 18 adult patients across six treatment centers in Kuwait. Functional motor assessments (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders, Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded, and Revised Upper Limb Module) were used to assess changes in motor function following nusinersen treatment. The safety assessment involved clinical monitoring of adverse events. The results demonstrate clinically meaningful or considerable improvement in motor performance for nearly all patients, lasting over 4 years in some cases. A total of 70% of patients in the pediatric cohort and 72% of patients in the adult cohort achieved a clinically meaningful improvement in motor function following nusinersen treatment. Additionally, nusinersen was well-tolerated in both cohorts. These findings add to the growing body of evidence relating to the clinical efficacy and safety of nusinersen.

Understanding Instructors’ Views of Consequence Effect of International English Language Testing System (IELTS) Writing Task on Teaching

The surge in international education has propelled a corresponding rise in the demand for English proficiency, particularly evidenced by Kuwait students’ enrolment in foreign institutions. Central to this trend is the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), a universal examination that assesses various language skills, including writing tasks, in Kuwait. This research’s purpose is to delve into the impact of IELTS writing tasks on instructional methods employed in Kuwaiti language centers, aiming to elucidate how educators adjust their teaching strategies in response to the test's requirements. Employing a quantitative research design methodology, the study authors gathered data through structured questionnaires administered to 15 IELTS instructors across language centers in Kuwait. The findings of the study unveil nuanced perspectives among instructors concerning the influence of IELTS on teaching practices. While a majority of respondents acknowledge the test's significance in evaluating academic writing proficiency, opinions diverge regarding its effects on teaching materials and methodologies. Additionally, there exists a disparity in perceptions regarding the extent of IELTS's impact on fostering creativity in teaching writing and the necessity of adapting teaching methods to align with the test's requirements. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between language testing and teaching practices, emphasizing the imperative for tailored approaches to IELTS preparation within Kuwaiti language centers. Furthermore, the research highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of how the IELTS examination shapes instructional strategies within educational institutions. The paper concludes that learning centers tailor their approaches according to the demands of IELTS writing tasks and assessment criteria, while instructors align their methods with institutional policies. The primary objective for instructors is to guide students toward successful test outcomes, prompting continuous refinement of teaching techniques to achieve this goal. Teachers prioritize areas where students can excel and demonstrate proficiency, thereby ensuring effective preparation for the IELTS examination. The study contributes valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between language testing and teaching practices, particularly in the context of IELTS preparation. By shedding light on the diverse perspectives and complexities involved in adapting teaching methods to meet assessment requirements, the research underscores the importance of tailored and flexible approaches to language education. The research underscores the significance of educators' adaptability in responding to the evolving demands of language testing, emphasizing the need for continuous refinement and customization of teaching strategies. Overall, these insights inform efforts to optimize language education and ensure effective IELTS preparation within Kuwaiti language centers.

High Prevalence of Novel Sequence Types in Streptococcus pneumoniae That Caused Invasive Diseases in Kuwait in 2018.

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is used to gain insight into the population genetics of bacteria in the form of sequence type (ST). MLST has been used to study the evolution and spread of virulent clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae in many parts of the world. Such data for S. pneumoniae are lacking for the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, including Kuwait. We determined the STs of all 31 strains of S. pneumoniae from invasive diseases received at a reference laboratory from various health centers in Kuwait during 2018 by MLST. The relationship among the isolates was determined by phylogenetic analysis. We also determined the serotypes by Quellung reaction, and antimicrobial susceptibility by Etest, against 15 antibiotics belonging to 10 classes. There were 28 STs among the 31 isolates, of which 14 were new STs (45.2%) and 5 were rare STs (16.1%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 26 isolates (83.9%) were unrelated singletons, and the Kuwaiti isolates were related to those from neighboring countries whose information was gleaned from unpublished data available at the PubMLST website. Many of our isolates were resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, and azithromycin, and some were multidrug-resistant. Virulent serotype 8-ST53, and serotype 19A with new STs, were detected. Our study detected an unusually large number of novel STs, which may indicate that Kuwait provides a milieu for the evolution of novel STs. Novel STs may arise due to recombination and can result in capsular switching. This can impact the effect of vaccination programs on the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease. This first report from the Arabian Peninsula justifies the continuous monitoring of S. pneumoniae STs for the possible evolution of new virulent clones and capsular switching.

New-Onset Focal Task Specific Oromandibular Dystonia in Association with Quran Recitation: A Case Series.

Focal task-specific dystonia is a form of isolated focal dystonia that occurs during the performance of a specific skilled motor task. The occurrence of oromandibular dystonia (OMD) specifically in association with the recitation of Quranic verses have been rarely reported in the literature, in non-native Arabic-speaking patients. This case series describe a rare type of focal task-specific dystonia that occurs exclusively by reciting Quran in native Arabic-speaking patients, which has never been reported, to the best of our knowledge. In this case series, we identified five patients with new-onset OMD that was exclusively induced by reciting Quran. Cases were evaluated in our Movement Disorders outpatient clinic at Ibn Sina hospital; the main tertiary neurology center in Kuwait, between 2015 and 2023. Five cases (3 males, 2 females) were identified in this study. Mean age of onset of the symptoms was 52.3 ± 4.1 years, while the median duration of the symptoms prior to diagnosis was 3 years. All patients were native Arab-speaking, with no previous history of other types of dystonia. No identifiable risk factors could be obtained including exposure to dopamine blocking agents or antipsychotics, or history of oral or dental surgery. Patients underwent a full clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluation. All patients had OMD dystonia in varying forms and severity, while two patients had additional spasmodic dysphonia/ blepharospasm on progressive recitation. Most patients had minimal improvement with combination of oral medications and speech therapy. Four patients received botulinum toxin injections with better results. The mental and physical stress in attempting to recite the Quranic verses could have contributed to the development of OMD. Moreover, the increased demand on the muscles of the jaw, lips, and tongue during recitation can trigger the dystonic symptoms. OMD exclusively during Quran recitation is a rare phenomenon, and expands the spectrum of task-specific focal dystonia described in the literature. It was found to be distressing to the patients and a challenge to treat. Prompt recognition could minimize unnecessary testing and procedures, and facilitate earlier treatment.

Impact of Pretransplant Dialysis Modality on Posttransplant Outcomes: A Single-Center Experience.

It remains unclear whether posttransplant outcomes differ according to the pretransplant dialysis modality (peritoneal dialysis vs hemodialysis). Our aim was to assess posttransplant outcomes in patients with different predialysis modalities. Two thousand two hundred fifty-eight kidney recipients following up in Hamed Alessa Organ transplant center in Kuwait were included and divided into two groups according to pre-transplant dialysis modality: Group 1: those who received hemodialysis (HD) and group 2: those with peritoneal dialysis (PD). Demographics, pretransplant and posttransplant comorbidities, and patient and graft outcomes were studied. There were 1956 patients on hemodialysis, and 302 patients were on peritoneal dialysis. Most were male patients (1456 vs 802 female patients), with comparable mean age (P = .34). Chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy represented the most common original kidney disease before transplant (27.6% and 21.4%, respectively), with higher prevalence of glomerulonephritis in group 1 and diabetic nephropathy in group 2 (P = .001). The 2 groups were comparable with regard to immunosuppression (induction and maintenance) (P > .05). Posttransplant diabetes and hypertension were significantly higher in the hemodialysis group (P = .004 and P = 003, respectively). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with regard to the graft outcome (P = .86). However, patient survival was significantly higher in the hemodialysis group (81.2% vs 64.4%). Compared with peritoneal dialysis, pretransplant hemodialysis is associated with better posttransplant patient survival despite no difference in the graft outcome. Diabetes-related complications could be attributed to such outcomes.

Clinicopathological Pattern of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Kuwait: A Retrospective Study

Objective: One in every three diagnosed malignancies is skin cancer, making it the most prevalent type of cancer in the world. As skin cancer is not commonly reported in Kuwait, this study was conducted to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), primarily basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), during the last 13 years in a tertiary dermatology center in Kuwait. Materials and Methods: Data were searched for patients with NMSC, primarily BCC and SCC, from 2010 to 2022. A retrospective review was conducted and descriptive data analysis was performed. Results: Of 7,645 cases, a total of 146 patients had NMSC. The patient’s average age was 64.9 years. 123 cases (84.2%) had BCC, whereas 23 (15.8%) had SCC. Most of the tumors were seen on the face (35.6%), scalp (20.8%), and nose (17.8%), followed by the back (6.2%), trunk (5.5%), and ear (5.5%). Well-differentiated Cutaneous SCCs were detected in 82.6% of cases. Ulceration was observed in (21.9%) of tumors. The nodular BCC subtype was observed in 50.4% of patients. Conclusion: BCC is the most common type of NMSC detected in Kuwait, with the scalp and face being the most common sites of involvement. Any suspicious lesions should be biopsied to rule out skin malignancy.

Occupational Asthma Prevalence among Migrant Workers Attending Shuaiba Industrial Medical Center in Kuwait.

Specific work environments, such as exposure to chemicals emitted during industrial processes, are related to occupational asthma. From 1985 to 2012, Kuwait was expected to have the highest asthma prevalence rate among Middle East nations, at 15%. This cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from occupational health physicians' records in the Shuaiba Industrial Medical Center (SIMC) extracted and analyzed using SPSS. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to check the association between risk factors and bronchial asthma (BA). The data sample size was 3478 in 2018 and 3807 in 2019. In 2018, BA had a significant relationship with age categories, work year groups, and determinants of fitness. Migrant workers above 51 years of age had a high risk of developing BA (p-value = 0.012). There was a high risk of developing BA in workers who worked > 21 years (p-value < 0.001) and in workers who worked between 11 and 20 years (p-value = 0.042). Overweight workers had a risk of developing BA (p-value = 0.042). In 2019, BA had an associated relationship with age categories and determinants of fitness. Workers above 51 years of age had about a 39% risk of developing BA (p-value = 0.009). Otherwise, the BMI, working year groups, marital status, and smoking status had no association with BA. In conclusion, BA is prevalent among migrant workers at the SIMC. Long hours, low income, and a lack of PPE are just a few of the issues that migrant workers have been exposed to, raising their risk of poor health.

Effect of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor on Cardiac Remodeling in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction in Kuwait

Abstract Background: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a growing concern in the Middle East and worldwide, despite advances in treatment. The introduction of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) has shown promise in managing HFrEF by inhibiting the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. However, its effects on cardiac remodeling and outcomes in the Middle East are poorly understood. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness and safety of ARNI in improving outcomes for HFrEF patients in Kuwait. Methods: This observational study, conducted at Al Dabbous Cardiac Center in Kuwait, included 114 adult HFrEF patients treated with ARNI for 6 months. Data on patient characteristics, echocardiographic measurements, and clinical parameters were collected before and after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests and nonparametric sign tests. Results: Following ARNI treatment, significant improvements were observed in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), and New York Heart Association Functional Classification. LVEF increased from 29.54% to 32.22% (P &lt; 0.001). LVEDD and RVSP decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.016, respectively), while systolic blood pressure decreased (P = 0.002). The study showed no significant changes in weight or potassium levels. Adverse effects were minimal. Conclusions: This study contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting ARNI’s effectiveness in improving outcomes for HFrEF patients, particularly in a Middle Eastern population. ARNI treatment resulted in significant improvements in cardiac remodeling and clinical parameters, emphasizing its potential as a valuable therapeutic option for HFrEF patients. Additional research is essential to optimize ARNI’s use and enhance patient outcomes.

Perceived Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) and Fear toward COVID-19 among Patients with Diabetes Attending Primary Healthcare Centers in Kuwait.

To assess perceived fear and to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude, and prevention practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 infection among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) attending primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in Kuwait. This will help evaluate gaps and provide appropriate support to limit the spread of COVID-19 infection in high-risk patients. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. All patients aged 18 years or older attending for follow-up or newly diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were eligible to participate in the study. Patients waiting for their regular follow-up appointments at the PHCs were invited verbally to take part in the study. The study excluded patients under the age of 18 and those with significant cognitive or physical impairment that might interfere with independent self-care behavior. The questionnaire included 57 items. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 294 questionnaires were distributed to patients at PHCs in three health districts (Hawally, Capital, and Farwaniya) in Kuwait; 251 patients agreed to participate in the study, yielding a response rate of 85.4%. The study showed that most patients had moderate knowledge (71.1%) of COVID-19. The majority of correctly responded questions were about the mode of COVID-19 transmission, the most common clinical presentations, and at-risk people. On the other hand, 83.7% (n = 210) identified common cold symptoms (stuffy nose, runny nose, and sneezing) as COVID-19 symptoms. More than half of the patients (n = 146, 58.2%) were unable to identify uncommon COVID-19 symptoms, such as diarrhea and skin rash or discoloration. Most patients had a positive attitude (90.9%) and good prevention practices (83.6%). The overall fear score of the participating patients was 21.6 ± 6.5 (61.7%). Regardless of the positive attitude and good preventive practices of the patients, they had moderate knowledge levels about COVID-19. This indicates that there are significant knowledge gaps that still need to be filled. Different strategies can be used for this purpose, such as social media and public information campaigns. Supporting psychological well-being is vital for at-risk patients during a pandemic.

Ethnic Disparities and Outcomes of Edwards Sapien Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Kuwait

Introduction: Clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) have not been reported in the Gulf region. This study aims to identify baseline characteristics of patients undergoing TAVI, based on nationality, and analyze their overall outcomes at a single center in Kuwait. Methods: A retrospective study of 61 patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI between 2018 and 2021 in Sabah Al Ahmad Cardiac Centre in Kuwait. Clinical and baseline demographics data along with preprocedural computed tomography (CT) and echocardiography were reviewed. Postprocedural outcomes, including conduction disturbances and inhospital mortality rates, were analyzed. Patients were analyzed according to Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti citizens' status. Results: The mean age of Kuwaiti patients was 72.2 ± 9.2, whereas the mean age of non-Kuwaiti citizens was 78.8 ± 5.5. No significant differences were observed between Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti in electrocardiogram (ECG) and CT parameters (P &gt; 0.05). A statistically significant difference among Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti patients was observed only laboratory parameters, white blood cell (WBC) count, international normalized ratio (INR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The mean value of WBC count (WBC), INR, and CRP was higher among non-Kuwaiti patients when compared to Kuwaiti patients (P &lt; 0.05). Inhospital mortality was low 1/61 (1.6%). Conclusion: Cumulative inhospital mortality in TAVI was 1.6%. TAVI experience in Kuwait with Edwards SAPIEN valve is comparable to international cohorts. No significant differences in procedural outcomes, including conduction disturbance and mortality, were observed between the two subgroups.

Omalizumab Transitions in Severe Asthma: Factors Influencing Switching Decisions and Timing for Optimal Response

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of switching from omalizumab to another biologic therapy for patients with severe asthma and evaluate factors that influenced the decision to switch and determined the optimal time for a good biologic response. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective study of severe asthma patients was conducted at Al-Rashed Allergy Center, a tertiary center in Kuwait. After meeting the eligibility criteria, patients were divided into two comparative groups: those continuing with omalizumab and those who started with omalizumab but switched to another biologic. Results: One hundred sixteen patients with severe asthma were recruited, and only 33 had access to multiple biological treatments. Approximately 22.4% switched from omalizumab. Male patients with a history of ischemic heart disease, chronic rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyps were more likely to switch if they had higher levels of eosinophils in the sputum. This study showed that every 1% increase in sputum eosinophils doubled the likelihood of a switch. Patients with access to alternative biological options had a much shorter mean duration of omalizumab therapy before switching compared to those with only affordable omalizumab: 4.9 ± 1.5 years versus 8.9 ± 1.3 years (p < 0.001). The optimal time to predict the likelihood of a good response was less than 5.5 years, with an area under the curve of 0.91 and p = 0.003. This cutoff point provided a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 89% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: An early transition from omalizumab, specifically within the first 5 years of treatment, in patients with severe asthma and higher sputum eosinophils may enhance the likelihood of a good response if other biological therapies were available.

The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Unvaccinated Multiple Sclerosis Patients on Disease-Modifying Therapies

Objective: Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) may affect the course and outcome of COVID-19, but withholding them could permit disease activity. This study aimed to understand the course of COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients with MS on disease-modifying therapies. Subjects and Methods: This descriptive study examined the course of COVID-19 among infected patients with MS followed up at a large tertiary center in Kuwait between March 1, 2020, and March 1, 2021. All subjects were outpatients at the time of data collection. Results: We studied 51 patients with MS confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of these patients, 33/51 were female, median age was 35 years (IQR 27–39 years), median Expanded Disability Status Scale score was 1.5 (IQR zero–3), and 47/51 had RRMS. B-cell-depleting agents (ocrelizumab and rituximab) were given to 19 patients, another 19 were on immune cell traffickers (fingolimod and natalizumab), and 13 were on other DMT treatments (alemtuzumab, cladribine, interferon-beta, dimethyl fumarate, and teriflunomide). 43/51 of these patients experienced mild COVID-19, not requiring hospitalization. None of the subjects experienced MS relapses during infection. Two patients on rituximab had a moderate course of the illness, which required hospitalization for oxygen support, but did not need mechanical ventilation; the rest of the subjects remained asymptomatic. Conclusions: These findings suggest that DMT may not adversely affect the course of COVID-19 in MS patients; however, patients on B-cell-depleting agents trended toward a worse outcome.

Evaluation of the CLL-IPI and IPS-E Prognostic Indices in a Young Middle Eastern Population with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Retrospective Analysis at the Kuwait Cancer Control Center

Introduction: The Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia International Prognostic Index (CLL-IPI) is a powerful prognostic tool validated in multiple Western populations. However, its utility in the young Middle Eastern population is unknown. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 152 unselected patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) diagnosed between 2008 and 2022 at the Kuwait Cancer Control Center, which serves as the sole cancer center in Kuwait. The evaluation of the CLL-IPI was based on the assessment of event-free survival (EFS) across the entire cohort. Subsequently, we compared the CLL-IPI with the International Prognostic Score for Early-stage patients (IPS-E) in order to predict the time to first treatment specifically within the subgroup of patients diagnosed with early-stage disease. Results: The median age of the study cohort was 59.9 years (IQR, 53.1–68.8). The 5-year EFS rates for the low, intermediate, and high/very high-risk categories were approximately 82%, 34%, and 23%, respectively, p < 0.001 (C-statistic = 0.67). On multivariate analysis, advanced stage and unmated IGHV status were independent prognostic factors of EFS. In those with early-stage disease, cumulative 5-year treatment incidence rates for the low, intermediate, and high/very high-risk categories based on the CLL-IPI score were approximately 8%, 55%, and 55%, respectively, p = 0.001 (C-statistic = 0.70). However, based on the IPS-E score, the cumulative 5-year treatment incidence rates for the low, intermediate, and high-risk categories were approximately 0%, 10%, and 60%, respectively, p < 0.001 (C-statistic = 0.73). Conclusions: The CLL-IPI and the IPS-E are valid stratification tool in our young Middle Eastern population.

Study of bone marrow aspirations -5 years review from a single center in Kuwait- An audit

We reviewed the bone marrow examination (BME) studies performed in the last five-year period with the objective to find out the findings and ascertain the role of this procedure in the diagnosis at Al Adan hospital, this public teaching hospital of the state of Kuwait in Middle East. Samples were collected after history taking and clinical examination. Blood samples analyzed for CBC parameters along with biochemical and viral markers. Bone marrow aspiration samples were collected and stained with May Grunwald Giemsa stain, trephine biopsy processed and stained with Hematoxylin &amp; Eosin along with Perl’s stain for iron and Reticulin stain. All samples were analyzed and results pooled by the team of hematopathologists. We reviewed 264 cases for BME and found ages ranging from 07 months to 95 years and 170 males and 94 females were included in the study. The array of conditions included 53% of clonal haemopoietic disorders including leukemias, Myelo Proliferative Neoplasm (MPN) , Myelo Dysplastic Syndrome (MDS), &amp; Plasma cell disorders. 3.5% aplastic anemias, while only 5.4 % with nutritional causes and 28.5% of cases having various reactive causes; Metastatic deposits were found in 1.5% and haemophagocytosis in 3.5% of the subjects. Results were in concordance with studies conducted from developed nations. Our study concludes that bone marrow examination is crucial in diagnosis to elucidate the various etiology of afflictions of bone marrow and helps in proper management in this Middle East country.

Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait.

With the rapid transmission of COVID-19 globally, countries have implemented strict governmental measures and social distancing rules that aimed to minimize the spread of the virus. School closures, quarantine orders, and social isolation, coupled with a surge in family stress and lack of peer interactions, are probable causes of mental health complications and psychological symptoms faced by children. This study aims at comparing the HRQoL of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and affected by COVID-19 infection (personal or familial) and those who were not affected by COVID-19. A random sample was selected from children and adolescents diagnosed with T1D at the six major governmental diabetes centers in Kuwait. To measure HRQoL, parent-proxy and self-reports from the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQLTM) 3.0 Diabetes Module were used. A sample of 455 children and adolescents with T1D diabetes (44.6% male participants and 41.98% affected by COVID-19 infection) was studied. The total score of the HRQoL self-reports was significantly higher compared with parent-proxy reports (79.06 ± 15.19 vs. 73.79 ± 15.17, p < 0.01). Children reported significantly higher HRQoL scores in the "treatment I" domain and "worry" domain and lower scores in the "diabetes" symptoms domain, compared with their parents' reports (p < 0.01). In the COVID-19-affected group, a major difference was noticed between the total scores of children and parent-proxy reports (77.04 ± 15.81 vs. 72.80±14.90, p = 0.047). The affected children reported significantly lower scores in "diabetes" symptoms (59.50) (p < 0.01) and higher scores in the "treatment I" domain (81.43) than their parent-proxy reports (72.05) (p < 0.01). This is the first report on the health-related quality of life of children with T1D in Kuwait during the COVID-19 era. Parents' or caregivers' experience of caring for their children was negative, as they worried, and reported poorer HRQoL compared with their children's perceptions. There is a need to empower healthcare professionals to support parents and caregivers of children with chronic diseases such as T1D in promoting self-management, enhancing physical and psychological wellbeing, treatment adherence, and continuous health education during pandemics of any kind.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment: Single Center Experience

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is relatively uncommon in the Middle East, with a younger age at diagnosis and different clinical characteristics compared to the West. There is little research on CLL in this region. This study aims to evaluate widely used prognostic markers and examine treatment outcomes of CLL patients in the Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), the only cancer center in Kuwait. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of unselected 141 CLL patients receiving treatment in the KCCC. Diagnostic and treatment guidelines in our center were in accordance with the International Workshop on CLL criteria. Results: The median age of those patients at diagnosis was 58 years (IQR, 51-65), with 60% of patients under the age of 60. The male to female ratio in this group was 3.3:1. Median absolute lymphocyte count was 51x109/L (IQR, 51-65), and the median hemoglobin and platelet count were 11.8 g/dL (IQR, 10.1-13.8) and 170x109/L (IQR, 129-222). FISH analysis was performed in 118 patients, of which 9% (11) demonstrated del17p. Del13q and trisomy 21 were detected in 31% (36) and 26% (31) patients, respectively. IGHV mutational status was determined in 80 patients, 25% (20) were mutated, and 75% (60) were unmutated. When it comes to treatment, 47% (65) of patients were on FCR regimen, while 11% (15) and 12% (16) were receiving BR and CR, respectively. Approximately 15% (21) of patients in our study were on a BTKi. In 105 patients, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 44.2 months [95% CI: 36-61.5], with a PFS rate of 48% and 32% at 25 and 50 months, respectively. In 121 patients with no history of progression or treatment in our study cohort, 41.5% and 21% progressed or received treatment at 25 and 50 months, respectively, with a median time to first progression or treatment around 37.6 months [95% CI: 29.1-49.5]. Examining 103 patients with prior history of progression or treatment, 34% and 13% progressed again or required a second course of treatment at 25 and 50 months, respectively, with a median time to second progression or treatment around 65.5 months [95% CI: 40.5-NA]. Those receiving chemoimmunotherapy exhibited a higher median PFS of 93 months [95% CI: 83-NA] compared to those receiving a BTKi with a median PFS of 42 months [95% CI: NA-NA]. However, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.34). IGHV mutation status was significantly associated with OS (p=0.044) but not PFS (p=0.28). Those with unmutated IGHV had an inferior outcome compared to their mutated counterparts with OS rates at 50 months, around 15% and 25%, respectively, PFS rates were also lower in the unmutated compared to a mutated group, 21% vs. 31% at 50 months, respectively, and PFS medians around 49 [95% CI: 36.4-NA] and 94.5 [95% CI: 94.5-NA], respectively. Multivariate cox regression analysis on OS was not significant (p=0.160). None of the individual treatment regimens were significant predictors of OS compared to the reference (BR), except FCR. Treatment with FCR was associated with a hazard ratio of 0.11 (p = 0.011). Unmutated IGHV status, presence of del17p, and age greater than 60 were all associated with greater hazard ratios, but none were significant predictors of OS. Conclusion: Our CLL treatment group is younger. Unmutated IGHV was associated with a poor prognosis, consistent with the literature. However, treatment with BTKis was not associated with superior outcomes compared to CIT; however, this study is not powered to detect a difference between the two arms. Those receiving FCR had the best survival outcome compared to those receiving other therapies. Keywords: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Treatment Outcomes, Kuwait, Middle East Funding Agency: Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Grant number: PR1713MM03 Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

The Association Between Patient Safety Culture and Accreditation at Primary Care Centers in Kuwait: A Country-Wide Multi-Method Study.

A culture of patient safety is essential for the continual improvement of service and reducing errors. This study aims to examine how the scores of patient safety culture items impact accreditation compliance percentages in primary care settings in Kuwait. A cross-sectional and a retrospective quantitative approaches were used on 5288 employees at 75 primary healthcare centers across Kuwait. Patient safety culture questionnaires were distributed to clinical and administrative staff with at least one year of experience. We also examined the percentages of compliance with accreditation standards by the studied centers. Participant socio-demographic and setting demographic data were studied using univariate (means, standard deviations, frequencies, percentages) and bivariate (Student's t-tests, ANOVA F-tests, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test, Spearman correlation) analyses to examine how trends in the patient safety culture items and accreditation compliance differ across the primary healthcare center demographic groups. The relationship between patient safety culture composites and percentages of accreditation compliance was investigated. To predict the factors for accreditation compliance, we used multivariate regression analysis. The responses of 5288 employees (response rate= 76.5%) from 75 centers were included. Our analysis revealed that the demographics of the setting affected the accreditation compliance percentage more than the percentages of patient safety culture positive ratings. Furthermore, the composites "Patient Care Tracking/Follow-up", "Communication about Error", "Organizational Learning" and "Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety & Quality" had statistically significant weak-to-moderate positive correlations (r = 0.272-0.373) with percentage scores for compliance with various accreditation standards. Regression analysis indicated that the patient safety culture items accounted for 35% to 38% of the variability in accreditation compliance scores. The safety practices adopted by a primary healthcare center reflect its culture, and this has an impact on its accreditation performance. Our interpretation of the findings is expected to help healthcare leaders to better understand the relationship between safety culture and performance and to develop realistic reform strategies.

Foreign Body Aspiration in the Pediatric Population in Kuwait: Experience of 901 Cases

Objective: The aim of this study is to report chest diseases hospital experience with foreign body aspiration in pediatric age group.&#x0D; Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the data of all pediatric patients &lt;18 years of age who underwent flexible and rigid bronchoscopy for suspected foreign body aspiration. Data was collected from a national tertiary center in Kuwait from 2009 until 2015. A total of 901 patients underwent rigid bronchoscopy for suspected foreign body aspiration. Foreign body aspiration was identified in 403 (44.7%) patients. History of choking, witnessed aspiration, respiratory distress, stridor, positive finding on chest x-ray and auscultation were significantly associated with positive bronchoscopy.&#x0D; Conclusion: Detailed history, physical examination, radiological finding can be utilized to aid in the diagnosis of foreign body aspiration and prevent complications.