Center Of Iraq Research Articles

Exploring penetrating neck trauma zones I–III at a tertiary center: Analysis of a cohort of 50 cases

Background: Penetrating neck injuries (PNI) pose significant clinical challenges due to the involvement of vital structures. Timely management is crucial for favorable outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, etiological factors, intervention, and outcomes of PNI in patients treated at a tertiary center in Iraq. Methods: A retrospective and prospective study spanning three years was conducted at Al-Immamian Al-Kadhimain Hospital. Data were collected from hospital records, and patient demographics, injury details, treatment approaches, and outcomes were analyzed. Results: The study included 50 patients, predominantly male (86%), with a mean age of 42.5 years, in whom gunshot wounds were the leading cause of injury (44%), followed by shrapnel. The mortality rate was 8%. While survivors had a mean hospital stay of 8 days, the stay of deceased patients was significantly shorter at 2 days. Soft tissue injuries were universal, with arterial injuries being more common in deceased patients. The common carotid artery was the most commonly injured vessel among the deceased, and ligation was the predominant surgical intervention in this group. Postoperative complications, including wound infections and neurological deficits, were notable among survivors. The associated injuries to critical anatomical regions such as the head, face, and abdomen highlighted the severity and complexity of the trauma experienced. Conclusion: In summary, penetrating neck injuries demand prompt and comprehensive management to mitigate potential complications. By integrating evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, clinicians can improve outcomes and reduce morbidity and mortality associated with these injuries. The findings of this study highlight the importance of individualized care and the need for further research to enhance the understanding and treatment of penetrating neck injuries.

The Consequences of Delayed Presentation and Management of Penile Fracture

Background of study Penile fractures have traditionally been considered to require immediate surgical intervention. However, recent studies have described acceptable outcomes with delayed repair. In this prospective study, we investigated the consequences of delayed presentation and treatment of penile fractures. Aim of Study: To assess the outcome of delayed presentation of cases with penile fracture on the long-term outcome of surgical intervention. Patient and method: A prospective observational study was conducted between January and December 2022 and included 21 patients with penile fractures from multiple centers in Iraq who underwent surgery immediately after admission. To evaluate the outcome of the time to presentation, the patients were divided into two groups: Group A included 13 patients with early presentation within 24 hours (1 to 9 hours, mean = 3.93 hours) and Group B included 8 patients with delayed presentation after 24 hours (33 hours to 5 days, mean = 60.75 hours). All patients underwent routine follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery; during this visit, long-term complications were reassessed using questionnaires and local examinations. Results: Group A included 13 patients (61.9%) and group B included 8 patients (38.1%). In group A, patients presented to the emergency department within 24 hours after penile trauma. In group B, patients presented to the emergency department or clinic within 24 hours after penile trauma. The incidence of long-term complications was 7.6% (1 of 13 patients) in group A and 62.5% (5 of 8 patients) in group B (OR 26.4, 95% CI 4.41–157.86, p = 0.0001). Erectile dysfunction and penile mass did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.67 and 0.06, respectively). However, pain during insertion and erection were higher in group B (50% and 7.6% in group B and group A, respectively) (OR 25, 95% CI 2.69-231.59, p = 0.1). Penile curvature was observed only in the second group (37.5%). However, the curvature was mild and did not affect sexual function. Conclusion: Immediate surgical repair has the best prognosis and should remain the recommended treatment modality of penile fracture.

COVID-19 Recovery and Cardiovascular Health: The Interplay Between Fetuin-A and Blood Pressure.

COVID-19 has been shown to impair cardiovascular function, and further studies have proven that this effect can be long-term on several cardiovascular biomarkers. Fetuin-A, a multifunctional protein involved in calcification and inflammation, has emerged as an important biomarker in this process. This study investigates the relationship between recovery from COVID-19, cardiovascular health, and concentrations of fetuin-A in patients with high blood pressure. Seventy-nine men and 36 women were admitted to the Nasiriyah Heart Center in Iraq between March and August 2023, with ages ranging from 5 to 93 years. Clinical data were collected on admission along with blood samples, and serum levels of fetuin-A were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were analyzed using Python libraries Pandas and SciPy to perform independent sample t-tests to determine mean levels of fetuin-A in various patient subgroups. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study showed that patients who had survived COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of fetuin-A compared to healthy controls, with a mean concentration of 103.64 mg/L versus 19.199 mg/L (p < 0.001). Additionally, it was found that patients with high blood pressure had increased levels of fetuin-A compared to those without high blood pressure, with a mean concentration of 109.01 mg/L versus 95.88 mg/L (p = 0.025). These results suggest that COVID-19 may alter the usual relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular biomarkers. This study emphasizes the complex interaction between recovery from COVID-19 and cardiovascular health, primarily through the levels of fetuin-A. The increase in fetuin-A among hypertensive patients suggests that COVID-19 may enhance cardiovascular risk, highlighting the need for stricter monitoring and tailored treatment strategies. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, which will help develop effective clinical guidelines for managing cardiovascular health in COVID-19 survivors.

Neutrophil/Lymphocyte and Platelet/lymphocyte Ratios as Predictors of Patient Response to Bevacizumab in Iraqi Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Background: Global clinical trials have shown that bevacizumab, along with chemotherapy, is beneficial for people with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Nevertheless, there isn't a useful biomarker to predict its effectiveness. Objectives: The study's goal was to analyze and evaluate the practical pretreatment biomarker in people with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) to predict bevacizumab efficacy. Methods: This study, which is retrospective, includes 157 patients diagnosed with mCRC who received bevacizumab in association with chemotherapy from three centers in Iraq. The study looked at how clinical data and biomarkers relate to disease control (DC), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS). It also looked at how well they could predict these outcomes. The cutoff values of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were examined with ROC analysis. Results: For all patients, the median follow-up duration was 12 months. The PLR, NLR and median alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were considerably lower in disease-control (DC) patients than in non-DC patients. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) baseline level significantly correlated with shorter OS, while the ALP baseline level did not significantly correlate with shorter PFS. Among the clinical data, only multiple organ metastases showed a strong correlation with a shorter PFS and OS. Conclusions: A low pretreatment N/L ratio and P/L ratio might be good predictors of bevacizumab efficacy for metastatic colorectal cancer patients, and it could be clinically useful for choosing responders.

Perceived severity and Barriers to Health Promotion of Male addicts in Early Recovery from Drug Use Disorder

Background: Drug addiction remains a significant public health issue globally, with substantial personal and societal impacts. Effective treatment and health promotion behaviors are crucial for recovery. Specific Background: In Iraq, the context of addiction treatment and the factors influencing health promotion behaviors among male addicts are underexplored. Knowledge Gap: There is limited understanding of the perceived severity and barriers to health promotion behaviors among male addicts in drug addiction centers in Iraq. Aims: Aims to assess the perceived severity and barriers to health promotion behavior among male addicts with a drug use disorder. Methods: A descriptive study design was utilized, with a convenience sample of 100 male individuals aged 15 to 45 from the Al-Ataa Hospital for Addiction and Psychological Rehabilitation. Data were collected via a questionnaire comprising socio-demographic characteristics and scales measuring beliefs regarding addiction. Cronbach's alpha for the perceived barriers and severity scales were 0.789 and 0.881, respectively. Results: The average participant age was 28 years, with 49% single, 71% living in lower-class neighborhoods, and 72% voluntary admissions. A significant relationship was found between educational level and health beliefs (p=0.00). The study revealed a high-level assessment of perceived severity and a moderate-level assessment of perceived barriers. Novelty: This study highlights the significant impact of educational level on health beliefs among male addicts, a relatively unexplored area in the region. Implications: The findings suggest that increasing awareness among patients and their families, establishing specialized hospitals, developing targeted policies, and leveraging media can enhance addiction treatment. This research underscores the need for comprehensive approaches involving various stakeholders to address drug addiction effectively. Highlights: High Perceived Severity: Addicts show high severity awareness. Education Impact: Significant link between education and health beliefs. Policy Recommendations: Establish specialized hospitals, targeted policies, media involvement. Keywords: drug addiction, health promotion, perceived barriers, perceived severity, Iraq

Upsurge of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever During Eid-Al-Adha Period 2023 in Iraq

Background: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne zoonotic disease. It has a case fatality rate of up to 40%. Animal sacrifices during the Eid-Al-Adha period are a common religious tradition in the country. Since 2021, Iraq has been plagued by a continuous epidemic. Objectives: To investigate the upsurge of CCHF cases during the Eid-Al-Adha period in 2023 and determine the times of high incidence and related risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data derived from the Communicable Disease Control Center in Iraq during the period from June 19 to July 30, 2023, and included all laboratory-confirmed cases during the study period. The studied variables were categorized according to before, during and after the Eid period. The chi-square test and regression analysis were used to analyze the variables. Results: CCHF cases increased during the Eid period (118, compared to 63 before and 23 after). Slaughtering activities during the Eid period increased by more than 45%. Being a butcher and participating in slaughtering activities significantly contributed to the increase in cases during the Eid period. The only significant predictor identified was the presence of slaughtering activities before and after Eid, compared to the Eid period itself. Conclusions: CCHF cases increased during the Eid-Al-Adha period, which may be due to animal sacrifice activities during this Islamic festival.

Using the Weibull Distribution to Analyze the Reliability of Water Turbidity Removal and the Amount of Chlorine Remaining in the Water After Treatment

All water treatment centers in Iraq operate according to the standards specified in the legal regulations. Therefore, periodic evaluations must be conducted to study and analyze the quality of the outputs of these centers. The research used the two-parameter Weibull distribution to evaluate the reliability of turbidity removal and residual chlorine in the water at the Rashidiya water center in Baghdad, Iraq. The distribution parameters were estimated using the Maximum Likelihood method with the Matlab 2022 program, and the chi-square test for Goodness of Fit was used at a significant level of 0.05. The study found that the mean (and median = 9 NTU) of turbidity values were 9.47 NTU, which is within the permissible limit, and the mean (and median = 0.03 mg/L) of chlorine values were 0.0295 mg/L, much less than the permissible limit. The study also found that the average efficiency of turbidity removal was 72.179%, which is relatively acceptable, but needs improvement. The analysis showed that the value of reliability for the removal of turbidity was 0.99 ,and for the remaining amount of chlorine was 0.99, indicating that the Rashidiya water center was reliable during the study period. The study recommended several recommendations, the most important of which is the evaluation of all water treatment standards in the Rashidiya water center in particular and in all water treatment centers in Baghdad in general. Maintain continuous turbidity and chlorine levels monitoring to ensure compliance with permissible limits. Make efforts to improve the turbidity removal efficiency. Fostering collaboration between water treatment centers, researchers and regulatory agencies. Develop public awareness campaigns to educate the public on the importance of clean and safe water.

Referral Patterns to an Ophthalmic Outpatient Clinic in a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Iraq

Purpose: We aim to conduct a comprehensive review of outpatients at a tertiary ophthalmology clinic to evaluate various aspects including the spectrum of eye disorders, referral patterns, reasons for referral, and patient self-assessment, with a particular focus on self-referrals. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital from April to May, 2023. Methods: Referral letters were grouped into the primary health center (PHC), secondary hospital, internal referral and private clinic. Referral letter quality was assessed based on clinical information and particular request. Results: A total of 1367 individuals aged 40.8 ± 22.17 years were eligible for study. There were 19.2% referrals form PHC, 18.4% from secondary hospitals, 10.7% from private clinics, 3.3% were internal referrals, 37.2% were self-referred and 11.3% had medical or surgical follow-up. Blurred vision was the predominant complaint of 677 (51.6%) patients. Out of 659 referral letters, 25% scored two essential information items, 5.2% scored three, and only 0.8% scored four items. The majority (97.2%) of letters provided specific requests. Among all, 26.3% of PHC, 38.2% of hospitals, 34.9% of private clinics, 21.7% self-referred and 51.1% of internally referred patients considered their situations difficult. Conclusion: Majority of cases seen in ophthalmology tertiary centers consist of common conditions that could be effectively managed by PHCs and general hospitals. Improved referral standards for specialized medical institutions may reduce tertiary hospital over population.

Tp53 Genetic Mutations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients in Iraq

Abstract BACKGROUND: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant clonal proliferative condition of mature CD5+ B cells, with a 4.2/100,000 annual incidence rate and the median age at diagnosis is 72 years. CLL impacts mainly the elderly in Western nations. About 4%–10% of patients have 17p deleted at diagnosis, which includes tumor-suppressor protein (TP53) gene deletions and/or mutations. However, TP53 can also be acquired during the course of the disease, with a predictable incidence of 42%–45% in refractory CLL. Even when this mutation develops in a small percentage of neoplastic cells, the attending of subclonal TP53 changes has been linked to a bad prognosis. TP53 mutations are correlated with significantly lower lifespan and indicate impaired tolerance to chemoimmunotherapy, making them among the most powerful prognostic markers-guiding treatment decisions in CLL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed at different centers in Iraq, including Euphrates Center for Cancerous Tumors, Najaf, and the Hematology center-medical City, Baghdad, Imam al Hussien Medical City, Karbala, from October 2023 to June 2024, with patients diagnosed by blood film and immunophenotyping CLL, included 63 patients. RESULTS: DNA Sequencing of TP53 genes investigated by Sanger technique to detect TP53 variations. All potential genotype variations of the TP53 gene were detected across several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority, 93% of our patients, carry variant-type mutations of TP53. The genotype of SNP rs1597359353 was found P &lt; 0.05, which is significant according to the White blood count (WBCs) count, although all patients on treatment or follow-up had TP53 mutations.

Effect of Adding Different Levels of Nano-Zinc Oxide in Tris Diluent on some Traits of Chilled Semen of Bulls from the Artificial Insemination Center in Iraq

Effect of Adding Different Levels of Nano-Zinc Oxide in Tris Diluent on some Traits of Chilled Semen of Bulls from the Artificial Insemination Center in Iraq

The Role of the Iraqi National Data Center in Advancing Digital Transformation and Data Sovereignty

This study examines the key role of the National Data Center in Iraq’s digital transformation, focusing on the Iraqi National Data Center (INDC) as a key infrastructure for centralized data management and the digital role You trust to play. Iraq’s current digital infrastructure is severely limited, including outdated technologies, cybersecurity weaknesses, regulatory gaps and economic constraints. These obstacles prevent INDC from meeting the increasing demands for data storage, resources and security required for effective government functioning and self-reliance in the digital age f Deliver systems centralized for By implementing this approach, INDC will be able to enhance its data governance and security processes, align with international data authority standards, and forge partnerships that support long-term growth. The findings of this study suggest that targeted reforms in infrastructure, cybersecurity, and regulatory frameworks can significantly increase the efficiency of the INDC government, protect national intelligence from external threats, and help Iraq broader digital transformation objectives And of getting continued investment , emphasizes the importance of skilled labor development and system exchange.

Quantitative Evaluation to the Sediment Load at a Part of Euphrate River in Center of Iraq

Quantitative Evaluation to the Sediment Load at a Part of Euphrate River in Center of Iraq

The impact of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes at a fertility center in Iraq: A prospective cohort study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major public health problem that requires preventative vaccines. However, there is vaccine hesitancy among women of reproductive age in Iraq. This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 vaccination effects on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and related fertility parameters. The study population comprised 54 infertile patients undergoing the ICSI procedure at a fertility clinic: vaccinated (n = 17) and non-vaccinated (n = 37). SARS-CoV-2-IgG/mL was assayed in follicular fluid from patients. Fertility parameters were assessed using oocyte and embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes between study groups, with respect to the time interval from vaccination to ova pick up. There were no significant differences between non-vaccinated and vaccinated groups in respect of oocytes quality with regard to the mean number of picked up oocytes (p = 0.564), abnormal oocyte (p = 0.827), oocytes metaphase I and II (p = 0.306; p = 0.165), germinal vesicles (p = 0.076), grade I, II, and III fertilized oocytes (p > 0.05), and for maturation rate (p = 0.13). There were also no significant differences (p > 0.05) in embryo quality parameters with the mean number of grade I, II, and III fertilized oocytes and the fertilization rate, the number of transferred embryo (0.086). There were no significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups with respect to follicular fluid SARS-CoV-2-IgG (p = 0.854), and pregnancy outcomes (p = 0.550). The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine has no effect on ICSI, fertility parameters, and pregnancy outcome.

Using cryotherapy, EMLA (eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine) cream, or lidocaine spray to reduce pain during arteriovenous fistula puncture: A randomized controlled trial.

In hemodialysis patients, pain associated with needle insertion into an arteriovenous fistula is a physical and psychological problem. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pre-puncture application of an ice pack, EMLA cream, or lidocaine spray to reduce pain associated with access puncture. This was a multicenter study done in nine hemodialysis centers in Iraq. The study utilized a randomized, parallel-group design, in which patients being dialyzed using an arteriovenous access were allocated into one of four groups. Access puncture was preceded by nothing (control group), by use of ice pack cooling at the puncture site, by application of EMLA cream, or by application of lidocaine spray. Pain after access puncture was assessed during a single treatment for each patient. Pain was quantified using a Visual Analogue Scale. A total of 1548 patients agreed to participate, and 1041 patients were included in the data analysis. Use of an ice pack, EMLA cream, or lidocaine spray each was associated with a lower pain score on access puncture compared with no pretreatment. The mean Visual Analogue Scores in the four groups were: 69.7 ± 15.7 in the controls, 39.8 ± 13.2 in the ice pack group, 45 ± 18.4 in the EMLA group, and 52.9 ± 15.2 in lidocaine group. Ranking of the pain severity scores suggested that ice pack use was associated with the least pain, followed by use of EMLA cream and use of lidocaine spray (severity score ranking, from lowest to highest, being 1.62, 2.18, and 2.63, respectively). Application of an ice pack prior to vascular access puncture is a fast and inexpensive technique to limit pain associated with this procedure.

A descriptive study on the depression, anxiety, and stress levels of mothers with autistic children

Aims: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition that profoundly impacts a child’s life and has significant effects on the mothers, particularly the primary caregivers. Methods: This descriptive study aims to examine the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among mothers of children registered at an autism center in Iraq. The research was conducted between September 2022 and May 2023 at the Dhi Qar Autism Center Autism Center in Iraq, with the participation of 218 mothers. Data for the study were collected using a Personal Information Form and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of participants were 40 years old and above, had two children, possessed literacy skills, and struggled to meet their financial needs. Mothers were found to experience high levels of depression, very high levels of anxiety, and moderate levels of stress. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was identified between depression and anxiety (r=0.647, p&lt;0.001), while a weak positive correlation was observed between depression and stress (r=0.219, p=0.001). Conclusion: Based on these results, it is recommended that healthcare professionals provide mothers with therapeutic, preventive, and mental health-enhancing support. The study underscores the importance of addressing the mental health challenges faced by mothers of children with autism

Presentations and Incidence of Ocular Injuries Caused by Motorcycle Accidents in Iraq

Background Motorcycle accidents can be particularly hazardous, as riders are exposed to various risk factors, such as high speeds, lack of protective enclosures, and limited safety features. Aim of the study To describe the ocular injuries associated with motorcycled accidents presented to a tertiary center in Iraq. Patients and methods A multicenter cross-sectional (survey) study that involved 335 cases of motorcycle accidents that presented with unilateral or bilateral ocular trauma. The study was carried out at Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Hospital, Al-Nauman Teaching Hospital, Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, and forensic centers located in Baghdad (Iraq capital) and Al-Qadisiyah from 1st of June 2019 to 1st of June 2023. Information regarding ocular injuries was recorded and classified according to the International Ocular Trauma Classification. Results The study involved 335 ophthalmological accidents; the mean age of the patients was 27.84± 9.6 years, most of them were males (96.7%), and there were only 11 females as passengers, 39 (11.6%) had injuries in both eyes. Lesions involving the periorbita, lids, and conjunctiva comprised most of the findings. There were 60.9% of patients with lid lacerations with or without sub-conjunctival bleeding, 22.1% with corneoscleral injury, and 17.9% with commotio retinae. It was the leading cause of decreased visual acuity, with 9% having lens capsule damage with or without iris prolapse and 8.1% having a ruptured capsule, 55.82% of patients had a mild injury, 27.16% had a moderate injury, and 17.01% had a severe injury. Conclusion Eye injury associated with motorcycle accidents mainly affect males in their youth age and has serious outcomes, sometimes ending with blindness.

Enhancing Women's Quality of Life: Exploring the Impact of Mastectomy with and without Breast Reconstruction among Breast Cancer Survivors in Iraq.

Mastectomy, a common intervention for breast cancer, has substantial implications for a woman's quality of life (QoL). However, the literature on QoL outcomes following mastectomy-with or without breast reconstruction (BR) is scant. This study aims to assess and compare the QoL among Iraqi women post-mastectomy, examining the impacts of undergoing BR. We conducted a comprehensive cross-sectional study across multiple centers in Iraq from April to September 2021. Our cohort consisted of 404 women who had a mastectomy for breast cancer treatment, 154 of whom also chose to have BR. Utilizing the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer's (EORTC) tools specifically, select domains from EORTC QLQ-BR23, QLQ-C30, and QLQ-BRECON23-we evaluated various facets of their QoL. The mean QoL score was 54 out of 100, with patients who did not undergo BR reporting slightly higher scores (55) compared to those who did (52). Notably, social and sexual functioning scores were statistically superior in the non-BR group. Satisfaction with surgery, sexual function, and breast aesthetics were the lowest rated aspects among BR patients, indicating a considerable gap between expectations and outcomes. Marital status and the type of mastectomy notably influenced body image and sexual function. A significant portion of patients (100 out of 250) opted out of BR due to recurrence concerns, while 26.2% (106 out of 154) pursued BR to restore their pre-mastectomy physique. Contrary to the anticipated benefits of BR, our findings suggest that women who underwent the procedure reported a lower QoL compared to those who did not. The outcomes highlight the discrepancy between expected and actual benefits of BR, suggesting a pressing need for comprehensive rehabilitation programs. These programs should aim to enhance the QoL for post-mastectomy patients and provide in-depth counseling to align expectations with the potential realities of BR.

Building a measure of legal knowledge for selecting talented people and its relationship with some basketball shooting skills

&#x0D; The research aims to build a measure of legal knowledge for selecting talented people and to identify the relationship of legal knowledge to some of the basketball shooting skills of the players of the Sports Talent Centers in Iraq affiliated to the Ministry of Youth and Sports. As well as getting to know the level of legal (theoretical) knowledge in international law (2020) they have، and the researchers assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the acquisition of legal knowledge for the selection of talented people and some basic skills in basketball. The researchers used the descriptive approach in both survey and correlational methods for their suitability.The research community is represented by the players of the Sports Talent Centers in Iraq .affiliated to the Ministry of Youth and Sports، which number (7) centers (Baghdad، Diyala، Hilla، Diwaniyah، Najaf، Karbala، Salah al-Din (Tuz Khurmatu)) and by (140) emerging players in all centers As for the research sample (the building sample)، it consisted of (130) players after excluding the reconnaissance sample، which numbered (10) players، and thus the sample became (100%) of the total research community. The researchers used the following statistical methods: the arithmetic mean، standard deviation، percentage، ease factor، difficulty factor، and coefficient of distinction By looking at the research results، the researchers reached the following conclusions:.The legal knowledge test showed the players' true legal experiences.1- 2- There is a correlation with positive statistical significance between legal knowledge and some basketball shooting skills ..In light of the conclusions، the researchers reached a set of the following recommendations : 1- Approving the legal knowledge test for basketball players and disseminating its results ..2-Increasing legal knowledge awareness in centers for sports talent in Iraq . 3- Conducting annual cognitive tests for the athletes of the Sports Talent Centers by coaches and addressing their weaknesses as they are the cornerstone for the growth and prosperity of sport in the country، because knowledge is the weapon of progress .&#x0D; &#x0D;

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Kidney Donors at First Check: A Single-Center Experience.

Kidney transplant is the best treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease. In many regions of the world, including the Middle East, most kidney transplants are from living donors. In contrast to recipients, data for living donors remain scarce. Here, we describe living donor baseline characteristics at first hospital check at a single center in Baghdad, Iraq. We collected and analyzed demographic, laboratory, imaging, and histocompatibility data from donor records at the Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Center, Medical City-Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, from July 2022 to September 2022. We included 124 kidney donors (56.4% male) who donated their kidneys 1 to 3 years previous to our study, with a mean age of 34.84 ± 10.04 years and mean body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 27.11 ± 2.12. Most donors donated their kidneys to a firstdegree relative (69.2%); blood group O was the most prevalent (47.5%). More than half of the donors were unemployed. Histocompatibility testing showed that 40% of the donors had >3 human leukocyte antigen mismatches with their recipients, and 30% of the recipients were high-risk sensitized patients with a calculated panel reactive antibody >50%. Regarding the virus status, 68.5% of the donors tested positive for cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G, 8% of the transplants were high-risk cytomegalovirus status, and 43.5% tested positive for Epstein-Barr virus immunoglobulin G. Renal imaging showed that 75.8% of donors had a single artery and 24.1% had a double artery (26.6% double left, 40% double right, and 33.3% both). For living transplant procedures at a single center in Iraq, most were from related donors. Most donors are unemployed, which mandates future health and social support. High immunological and viral risks must not be ignored in a single center with living related donors.

Investigating suicidal behavior among patients attending psychosocial units in primary healthcare centers in Iraq

Investigating suicidal behavior among patients attending psychosocial units in primary healthcare centers in Iraq