Cent Recovery Research Articles

Exploration of Native Trichoderma spp. from different Eco-Systems of the Canara Circle, Karnataka, India

Canara Circle of Karnataka, which fall under agro-climatic zones 9 and 10 has a very unique type of eco-system comprising mainly forest followed by horticulture and agricultural eco-systems. Soil borne diseases was seriously impacting quality and quantity of crop production yielding low profitability. No doubt, pesticides were effective, but have soil and environment impairments. Application of effective native Trichoderma sp. is the best in all angles. As this region being the organic district with diverse ecosystems, it is a treasure for exploring efficient Trichoderma spp. In this context, a roving survey was carried out during 2019 in seven (7) different taluks of Canara circle (Haliyal, Mundgod, Siddapur, Sirsi, Yellapura, Ankola and Kumta). Two rhizosphere soil samples of 250 g each were collected from agriculture, horticulture and forest eco-systems of each taluk totalling forty two (42). Among the rhizosphere soils tested by serial dilution technique on Trichoderma selective medium (TSM), highest number of Trichoderma isolates was from forest ecosystem (11) with maximum recovery (78.57%). Horticulture ecosystem followed next (9 isolates) with 64.28 per cent recovery and the agriculture ecosystem recorded the lowest Trichoderma isolates (7) with 50 per cent recovery.

Eco‐friendly synchronous fluorescence spectrofluorimetric method for simultaneous determination of montelukast sodium and fexofenadine hydrochloride in their antiallergic rhinitis fixed‐dose combination tablets

AbstractAn innovative, simple, accurate, sensitive, and eco‐friendly synchronous fluorescence spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of montelukast sodium (MON) and fexofenadine hydrochloride (FEX). The method relies on measuring the relative synchronous fluorescence intensity of both drugs using Δλ of 60 nm in methanol at 405 nm for MON and 288 nm for FEX. The experimental parameters influencing the developed method were investigated and optimized. The method was linear over the ranges 0.1–2.0 and 2.0–20.0 μg/ml for MON and FEX, respectively. The limits of detection were 0.018 and 0.441 μg/ml, and the limits of quantitation were 0.055 and 1.336 μg/ml for MON and FEX, respectively. The developed method was applied successfully for the determination of the two drugs in their newly released fixed‐dose combination prescribed for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The mean per cent recoveries were found to be 100.680 ± 0.890 and 100.110 ± 0.940 for MON and FEX, respectively. Furthermore, the method was found to be eco‐friendly green as was evaluated according to the Green Analytical Procedure Index tool guidelines and analytical eco‐scale.

Validation of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the quantitative determination of trehalulose

A novel, simple and reliable high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for the quantification of trehalulose in stingless bee honey. The chromatographic separation was performed using silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates and 1-butanol‒2-propanol‒aqueous boric acid solution (5 mg/mL) (30:50:10, V/V) as the mobile phase. The retardation factor (RF) for trehalulose was found to be 0.045. The method showed linearity over the concentration range of 100–800 ng per band with a coefficient of correlation (R) of 0.9996. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for trehalulose were found to be 20.04 ng per band and 60.72 ng per band, respectively and the mean per cent recovery of trehalulose was 101.8%. The method has been validated for its specificity, linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, repeatability and robustness following the International Council for Harmonisation Q2 (R1), and it has been successfully applied in the determination of trehalulose in stingless bee honey.

Effect of thermal stress on Haemoglobin concentration of Indian major carp Catla catla (Hamilton)

To differentiate thermal-stress (het-stress and cold-stress) from thermal-adaptation with in the fishes Catla catla were readapted to an abrupt rise of temperature from 22 ⁰c to 32⁰c at the rate of 1⁰c ̷ hour (heat-stress) and to a slow rise of temperature at the rate of 1⁰c ̷ 60 hours (heat-adaptation). In haemoglobin content the heat-adapted fish exhibited a gradual elevation and the cold-adapted fishes exhibited a gradual decrease. However the %recovery is higher during heat-adaptation than that of cold-adaptation. On the other hand the stressed fish heat as well as cold exhibited initially fluctuations in haemoglobin content. The per cent recovery in stressed fishes is relatively much lower when compared to the thermal- adaptation. Studies of this nature are highly useful in evaluating methods for the safe rearing and conservation of economically important Ichthyofauna of the aquatic habitat.

Detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae in BLB Paddy Seed Samples from Endemic Regions of Telangana State, India

Bacterial Leaf Blight disease (BLB) in rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo), is one of the most economically important diseases causing epidemics globally, resulting in severe crop losses of 50% in addition to affecting the seed quality in Asia. In the present study, ten BLB affected paddy seed samples were collected during Kharif, 2021-22 from the farmer's fields of major BLB endemic districts viz., Nizamabad and Khammam of Telangana state. The collected BLB seed samples were subjected to different standard seed health tests (ISTA, 1996) for detection and isolation of Xoo. Among the different methods evaluated, the detection of Xoo from BLB affected seed samples was high in the Agar plate method followed by the test tube water agar method. However, the component plating method revealed that, of the different seed components, the per cent recovery of Xoo was high from the embryo followed by lemma, palea and endosperm indicating the systemic type of infection of Xoo. Further, the results of the paper towel method stated that of the ten BLB affected paddy seed samples collected, the seed samples of Govuru village (Nizamabad district) and Rejarla village (Khammam district) have recorded below Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards i.e 77.00% and 79.25% of per cent seed germination compared to the seed samples of other locations.

To study the effect of foliar spray of urea and NAA on the recovery percentage and yield of dry zinger (Zingiber officinale roscoe)

Study was conducted department of Horticulture at Kulbhaskar Ashram P.G. College, Allahabad during 2016-17. To study the effect of foliar spray of Urea and NAA on the recovery percentage and yield of dry ginger recovery was calculated variety Baruwa Sagar (21.95, 21.73 and 21.87 per cent recovery of dry ginger) was superior to Rio-de-Janeiro (21.42, 20.78 and 21.17 %) in first year second year and in pooled analysis. in case of urea concentration, the U1 was superior to U0 in both the year and in pooled mean. In respect of NAA on the concentration was increased from lower to higher i.e., No, N1 and N2 the recovery of dry ginger per cent was also found to increase in ascending orders. The value were 21.15, 21.64 and 22.27, 20.78, 21.38 and 21.90 and 20.96, 21.47 and 22.09 per cent in the first second year and in pooled mean, respectively. The yield of dry ginger in the important character to Judge the effect of urea and NAA on the varieties under observation. Production of dry ginger was more in variety Baruwa Sagar to the extent of 62.92, 61.73 and 62.32 q/ha in comparison to variety Rio-de-Jeneiro which gave 61.08, 59.50 and 60.29 q/ha in first and second year and in pooled mean. It also found that the production of dry ginger was maximum when NAA 400 PPM was applied (64.27 and 26.81) was quality good to NAA 200 PPM (63.63 and 62.20) and minimum in No (58.09 and 56.81) in the first and second year. The interaction of urea with NAA showed that the production of dry ginger was maximum in U1 N2 followed by U1, N1 and minimum in Uo No showing values as 65.24 and 63.74, 64.34 and 62.54 and 54.39 and 53.28 q/ha, respectively in first and second year.

Development and Validation of Bioanalytical Method for Determination of Nebivolol and Valsartan in Human Plasma by Using RP-HPLC

Abstract Aim Nebivolol and valsartan are used in the treatment of hypertension. So, this study was conducted for the purpose of determining bioavailability/bioequivalence of nebivolol and valsartan in human plasma. Materials and Methods The chromatographic separation was performed on Symmetry C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using 0.01 N potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 3.0):acetonitrile (60:40) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a detector wavelength of 280 nm. The retention times of nebivolol and valsartan in plasma were found to be 3.1 and 4.3 min, respectively. Results The method was validated statistically and by recovery studies. The linearity concentration was acceptable in the range of 0.5–10 ng/mL for nebivolol and 400–8000 ng/mL for valsartan. The lower limits of quantification were 0.5 ng/mL for nebivolol and 400 ng/mL for valsartan, which reached the levels of both drugs possibly found in human plasma. Per cent recoveries were obtained as 97.78% and 98.11% for nebivolol and valsartan, respectively. Conclusion The proposed method is simple, rapid, accurate, precise and gives us knowledge about the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical laboratories.

In vitro invasiveness and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica subspecies isolated from wild and captive reptiles.

Reptiles are carriers of Salmonella and can intermittently shed bacteria in their faeces. Contact with snakes and lizards is a source of human salmonellosis. Here, two populations of reptiles, wild and captive were surveyed for Salmonella. One hundred thirty wild-caught reptiles were sampled for Salmonella including 2 turtle, 9 snake and 31 lizard species. Fifty-two of 130 (40%) animals were Salmonella positive: one of 5 (20%) turtles, 7 of 14 (50%) snakes and 44 of 111 (39.6%) lizards. One hundred twenty-two reptiles were sampled from a zoo collection including 1 turtle, 6 tortoise, 9 lizard, 14 snake and 1 crocodile species. Forty-two of 122 (34.4%) captive reptiles sampled were Salmonella positive. Salmonella was most commonly isolated from lizards and snakes. Fifteen serotypes were identified from zoo and 19 from wild-caught reptiles and most were members of subspecies enterica (I), salamae (II), arizonae (IIIa) or diarizonae (IIIb). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted on all Salmonella isolates; only two exhibited resistance, a Salmonella subsp. (II) ser. 21:z10 :z6 (Wandsbek) isolate cultured from a wild-caught reptile and a Salmonella Typhimurium DT120 isolated from a captive snake. The invasive capacity of reptile-associated Salmonella strains into cultured human intestinal epithelial (Caco2) and mouse macrophages cell lines (J774A.1) was also investigated. All isolates were invasive into both cell lines. Significant (P 0.001) variability in invasiveness into polarized Caco2 cells was observed. Salmonella Eastbourne exhibited the highest invasiveness into Caco2 cells and Salmonella Chester the lowest, with mean per cent recoveries of 19.99 0.32 and 1.23 0.30, respectively. Invasion into J774A.1 macrophages was also variable but was not significant. Salmonella subsp. II ser. 17:g,t:- (Bleadon) exhibited the highest invasiveness into J774A.1 with a mean per cent recovery of 10.19 0.19. Thus, reptile-associated Salmonellae are likely to have different capacities to cause disease in humans.

The WaZP galaxy cluster sample of the dark energy survey year 1

ABSTRACT We present a new (2+1)D galaxy cluster finder based on photometric redshifts called Wavelet Z Photometric (WaZP) applied to DES first year (Y1A1) data. The results are compared to clusters detected by the South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey and the redMaPPer cluster finder, the latter based on the same photometric data. WaZP searches for clusters in wavelet-based density maps of galaxies selected in photometric redshift space without any assumption on the cluster galaxy populations. The comparison to other cluster samples was performed with a matching algorithm based on angular proximity and redshift difference of the clusters. It led to the development of a new approach to match two optical cluster samples, following an iterative approach to minimize incorrect associations. The WaZP cluster finder applied to DES Y1A1 galaxy survey (1511.13 deg2 up to mi = 23 mag) led to the detection of 60 547 galaxy clusters with redshifts 0.05 < z < 0.9 and richness Ngals ≥ 5. Considering the overlapping regions and redshift ranges between the DES Y1A1 and SPT cluster surveys, all sz based SPT clusters are recovered by the WaZP sample. The comparison between WaZP and redMaPPer cluster samples showed an excellent overall agreement for clusters with richness Ngals (λ for redMaPPer) greater than 25 (20), with 95 per cent recovery on both directions. Based on the cluster cross-match, we explore the relative fragmentation of the two cluster samples and investigate the possible signatures of unmatched clusters.

Kitwe black mountain - Is Zambia realising the true value from it?

Nkana slag dump (The Black Mountain) in Kitwe, Zambia, has existed since 1931 when the copper smelter was commissioned. This 20 million tonnes of smelter slag contains about 0.34 per cent - 4.5 per cent cobalt and average 1.2 per cent copper. When Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Limited was privatised, the slag dump was purchased by Anglo Vaal Mining (90% shareholding) who built a smelter in Chambishi in 2000 to recover the cobalt and copper in the slag. The smelter operations closed in 2006 and the slag dump was later sold to Nkana Alloy and Smelting Company Limited. Various small scale illegal miners (locally called Jerabos) started illegally reclaiming the slag and selling to Chinese buyers operating small scale mineral processing plants. In the recent past, the government surrendered its 10 per cent shareholding of the slag dump to Chapamo Minerals Processing Company owned by the small scale local community (Jerabos). The substandard technologies being used by these small scale plants yield very low recoveries of about 50-60 per cent for both cobalt and copper, thus discarding huge quantities of valuable cobalt and copper which could be recovered if appropriate technologies were applied. This potential revenue to the nation in taxes is being lost. These small scale plants have not invested in appropriate advanced technology which can yield above 90 per cent recoveries because of their quest to make quick and easy money. The serious safety shortcomings at the slag dump have resulted in unnecessary loss of lives. The recent incident on 21 June, 2018 claimed 11 lives. There is need to study the physical structure of the slag dump to provide clear understanding of the safety precautions to be taken while reclaiming the material. There is, therefore, an opportunity to increase recoveries of the cobalt and copper by applying appropriate advanced technologies to process the slag. This will result in improved revenue, thus realizing the true value.

Micelle-enhanced spectrofluorimetric determination of diphenhydramine: application to human plasma and its simultaneous determination with naproxen in pharmaceutical tablets.

Two simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric methods were developed and validated for determination of diphenhydramine. The use of sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant at pH 7 enhances the fluorescence intensity of diphenhydramine at 286 nm (method I) enabling its nanodetermination in biological samples with mean per cent recovery ± SD of 100.33 ± 1.519. Method I was validated according to ICH-Q2R1 guidelines and was successfully applied for determination of diphenhydramine in pharmaceutical dosage form and spiked human plasma in the concentration ranges 0.1-4.0 μg/mL and 0.2-1.0 μg/mL, respectively. Method I acted as a basis for the development of a first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry (method II) for simultaneous analysis of diphenhydramine and naproxen using a zero-crossing approach. Method II determines both drugs with linearity ranges of 0.05-3.0 μg/mL and 0.1-0.9 μg/mL for diphenhydramine and naproxen, respectively. The developed method was applied for the simultaneous determination of both drugs in their laboratory-prepared mixtures containing all expected excipients. Method II determines both drugs with a mean percent recovery ± SD of 100.56 ± 0.891 and 100.20 ± 1.125 for diphenhydramine and naproxen, respectively. The method was statistically compared with a reported method using Student's t- and F- tests, and no significant differences were observed.

Sodium hypochlorite: An economical technology for management of citrus gummosis

Among the different biotic stresses, gummosis/foot rot caused by Phytophthora nicotianae is the most severe and economically important disease in major citrus-growing areas of Punjab. It is increasingly becoming the major limiting factor in the successful cultivation of citrus in Hoshiarpur, Faridkot, Fazilka, Bathinda and Muktsar districts. This disease commonly occurs seriously during July-October following periods of high rainfall with warm temperatures and reduces the profitable life expectancy of trees. The research trials were conducted to manage citrus gummosis using sodium hypochlorite during 2015 to 2017 and this technology was also demonstrated at farmers’ orchards, Fazilka and Faridkot districts during 2017. Sodium hypochlorite @ 50 ml/10 litres of water/plant was found very effective in providing per cent recovery from trunk lesion and in reducing propagule density of the pathogen.

Influence of soil moisture regimes, amendments and ageing on nickel availability in soils

In a range of nickel (Ni) spiked soils the effects of soil moisture regimes, amendments and ageing on Ni availability were estimated. The soil was spiked with Ni @ 0, 10 and 25 mg kg-1 soil through its nitrate solution. Lime (5%), farmyard manure (20 t FYM ha-1) and zinc (25 mg Zn kg-1) were added. The treated soil samples were incubated at 35 °C for 1, 45 and 90 days at field capacity and submerged soil moisture regimes. Available Ni was extracted with 0.005 M DTPA extractant and determined by ICP-AES. The results revealed that there was a temporal decrease in the available Ni with ageing and was in the order of 1 day > 45 days > 90 days. The magnitude of decrease in Ni availability was higher with the addition of amendments in the order of lime > FYM > Zn > unamended soil. The decrease in available Ni was further pronounced under submerged moisture regime than under field capacity. The mean per cent recovery of DTPA-Ni in the 10 mg Ni kg-1 spiked treatment decreased from 57.6 after 1 day of incubation to 29.3 and 26.8 after 45 and 90 days of incubation, respectively; whereas in the 25 mg Ni kg-1 spiked soil, per cent recovery of Ni decreased from 60.0 after 1 day of incubation to 29.0 and 25.1 after 45 and 90 days of incubation, respectively. An overall reduction in the mean per cent recovery of DTPA-Ni was observed under submergence as compared to field capacity moisture regime in lime, FYM, Zn amended soils and unamended soil. The results enable us to understand the effect of ageing coupled with different amendments under various moisture regimes on Ni availability and provide useful information to work out the capacity of the soil to serve as a sink for Ni.

Determination of cefixime in pure form, in pharmaceutical products and biological samples through fluorescence quenching of eosin Y.

A simple, economic and validated spectrofluorimetric method was developed to assay cefixime (CFX). The technique relies on the quenching effect of CFX on the fluorescence intensity of eosin Y in the presence of acetate buffer pH 3.4 to produce an ion-pair complex that is measured at 549 nm using an excitation wavelength of 300 nm. Reaction-influencing factors were carefully investigated and optimized. The fluorescence quenching value was linear to the CFX concentration in the range 0.2-40 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.992. The calculated limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.00242 and 0.0080 μg ml-1 , respectively. The selectivity of the method was confirmed by studying the effects of excipients and no interference was distinguished. The developed method was used to determine CFX in marketable products and in biological samples. To validate the method, directives of the International Conference on Harmonization were applied and per cent recoveries obtained ranged from 95.30 to 102.50% for pharmaceutical products and from 97.00 to 103.00% for biological fluids.

Covid-19, The local and the global: Lessons from Kerala

This article offers a cross-sectional exploration of the COVID-19 containment strategy in Kerala and highlights its initial effectiveness in the Kasaragod district, the first to record a second stage transmission in the state with a cluster of cases from 23 March 2020 onwards. Despite its underwhelming healthcare infrastructure, Kasaragod district managed to contain the transmission and record a 100 per cent recovery rate, indicating a promising model of infection control. However, the district subsequently succumbed to community-level transmission when another wave of positive cases of COVID-19 was detected among repatriated overseas citizens on 7 May 2020. The article explores the confluence of elements that allowed the initial successful recovery from a second stage transmission and then examines the factors that later led to community-level transmission. Given the close connections of Kerala to other parts of the world through migration, the article illustrates how precariously the local is now part of the global.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF EDOXABAN TOSYLATE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMS

A rapid, simple and precise reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the estimation of edoxabantosylate in tablets. The quantification was carried out using a Phenomenex C-18 column (250×4.6 mm i.d., 5µm particle size) in isocratic mode with mobile phase comprising of ammonium acetate buffer andacetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 (V/V) at a flow rate 1 mL/min. The eluent was monitored at 240 nm. The retention time of the drug was 3.486 min. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 5-25 µg/mL and per cent recovery ranged from 98.25-101.6.The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines and the results obtained were satisfactory.The method can be applied for routine quality control analysis of edoxabantosylate in tablet dosage forms.

Effect of date of harvesting on yield and quality of different rice varieties

Greater attention should be paid for increasing the yield per unit area by growing modern varieties of rice through improved cultivation practices. An experiment was conducted for investigating the effect of variety and date of harvesting on yield performance of modern rice varieties during Kharif, 2012 at Agricultural Research Station, Bapatla. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Main treatments comprised of four rice varieties namely, BPT 5204, BPT 2270, BPT 2231, NLR 34449, NLR 28523 and MTU 1010 and sub treatments comprised of three time of harvesting viz., 25, 30 and 35 days after flowering. Plant growth, yield attributes, yield and quality of rice varieties were significantly influenced by different dates of harvesting. BPT 2270 was found significantly superior to all other varieties in respect of effective tillers, grains panicle-1, grain yield, straw yield and hulling per cent, milling per cent and head rice recovery. Among three harvesting times, the highest grain yield (6250 kg ha-1) and straw yield (7314 kg ha-1) were obtained when the crop was harvested at 30 days after flowering. The interaction effect of variety and date of harvesting was significant in respect of grain and straw yield. The highest grain yield (7771 kg ha-1) was observed in BPT 2270 when harvested at 30 days after flowering. Therefore, optimum date of harvesting for higher grain yield may be 30 days after flowering for avoiding immature stage as well as shattering loss.

Principal component analysis for yield and quality traits of coloured rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The present investigation was undertaken with 33 coloured and white rice genotypes to estimate genetic divergence of the genotypes for yield and quality traits. The study involved seven red pericarp, eight black pericarp and 17 white rice genotypes, in addition to the check, BPT 5204. Principal component analysis was utilized to evaluate the variation and to estimate the relative contribution of various traits for total variability. Results revealed five principal components with eigen value > 1. These components contributed for a total variability of 78.2632 per cent. Component 1 (PC 1) had contributed maximum of 34.9423 per cent while PC 2 had contributed to 18.7909 per cent, PC 3 had contributed 11.2637 per cent, PC 4 had contributed 6.9756 and PC 5 had contributed to 6.2906 towards the total variability. The characters, namely, milling per cent, iron content, plant height and head rice recovery were observed to explain maximum variance in PC 1. The results of 2D scatter diagram revealed Kakirekalu and BPT 5204 genotypes to be most diverse. Hybridization of these diverse genotypes is therefore predicted to result in desirable coloured transgressive segregants.

Sensitive determination of urinary muconic acid using magnetic dispersive-solid-phase extraction by magnetic amino-functionalised UiO-66

ABSTRACT In this study, a magnetic-dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) was developed for the extraction and desorption of muconic acid from real urine sample. For this purpose, Fe3O4-SiO2-NH2@ UiO-66 was used as a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) in the DSPE for extraction of the analyte of interest followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The synthesised magnetic-MOF was characterised by XRD, VSM, FT-IR, and FE-SEM techniques. The experimental parameters influencing the magnetic-DSPE procedure, such as solution pH, initial sample volume, extraction and desorption time, type and volume of elution solution, and sorbent amount were examined. Under the optimal conditions, the UiO-magnetic DSPE-HPLC procedure provided a good limit of detection (0.001 µg mL−1), the limit of quantification (0.003 µg mL−1), wide linear dynamic range (0.003–25 µg mL−1) and high correlation coefficient (r2: 0.997). Also, the Fe3O4- SiO2- NH2@ UiO-66 exhibited an acceptable accuracy (2.0–4.0%), reproducibility (3.7–6.1%), and per cent recovery (96–98%) for the extraction and desorption of the desired analyte. It can be concluded that the proposed method was efficient for the extraction and analysis of muconic acid from real urine samples. Therefore, the Fe3O4- SiO2- NH2@ UiO-66 – DSPE-HPLC method can be used as a simple, fast, sensitive, reusable, and user-friendly extraction technique to determine trace levels of urinary muconic acid.

Modelling and permanent deformation analysis of low-density polyethylene (PE)-modified bitumens and asphalts

The present investigation aimed at evaluating the permanent deformation responses of bitumens modified with low-density polyethylene - either with or without polyphosphoric acid (bitumen+PE and bitumen+PE+PPA) - and by considering bitumen tests (MSCR – multiple stress creep and recovery), rheological models and asphalt tests (FN – flow number). The formulations were graded as PG 76-xx and the standardised MSCR tests were conducted at 64, 70 and 76°C. The bitumen+PE+PPA showed a higher resistance to permanent deformation than the bitumen+PE according to MSCR and FN tests in a general context, even though none of the formulations may be assumed as overly stress sensitive (Superpave® parameter lower than 75% in all cases), neither they depicted high levels of elasticity due to their small per cent recoveries (all lower than 25%). It was also hypothesised that the contributions of PE and PPA on the increases in the stiffness of the bitumen+PE+PPA were made individually.