Cent Recommended Dose Of Fertilizer Research Articles

Characteristics of Organic Manures and Its Effect on Physical Properties of Soil in Pearl Millet

Organic manures are rich source of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as micronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, which are essential for plants. It also contains organic matter that improves soil structure, water-holding capacity, and aeration. The study focused on evaluating two types of organic manures, i.e. Farmyard manure (FYM) and vermicompost. Results showed that vermicompost had higher nutrient content them FYM. A field experiment was conducted during kharif season 2018 at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture Jobner (Rajasthan). The design of experiment was factorial randomized block design with three replications. The experiment comprised five treatments of organic manures (Control, vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1, FYM @ 5 t ha-1 and FYM @ 10 t ha-1) and four treatments of fertility levels (Control, 50 per cent RDF (recommended dose of fertilizer), 75 per cent RDF and 100 per cent RDF). The variety used for experiment was RHB-173 of pearl millet. Results showed that the application of FYM @ 10 t ha -1 significantly decreased the bulk density and increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity over control. The maximum water retention of soil (12.86 per cent and 3.28 per cent) at 33kPa and 1500 kPa were recorded under the treatment vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 being at par with FYM @ 10 t ha -1. Thus, addition of FYM @ 10 t ha -1 improves the physical soil properties.

Evaluation of growth and seed yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The field experiment was conducted during rabi 2020 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Mandya to study the impact of intercropping and nutrient dose on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) growth and seed yield. The results revealed the significant differences for growth and yield parameters of chickpea due to intercropping systems and fertilizer doses. A sole grown chickpea showed significantly higher plant height at harvest (35.73cm), number of pods per plant (42.02), hundred seed weight (23.20 g) and seed yield of chickpea (1733 kg/ha) compared to intercropping of chickpea with sorghum, safflower or linseed. Whereas, among fertilizer doses, application of 150 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) produced noticeably taller plants at harvest (35.51 cm), number of pods (38.38), hundred seed weight (22.53 g) and seed yield of chickpea (1343 kg/ha) compared to other fertilizer doses. Therefore, sole cropping of chickpea with 150 per cent RDF could be recommended for certified seed production programme.

Influence of Zeolite Application on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) in Rainfed Condition

A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Gandhi Krishi vigyana Kendra, Bengaluru during kharif-2017 and 2018 to study the influence of zeolite application on growth and yield of finger millet crop. The pooled analysis showed significantly higher plant height recorded in the treatment which received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +125 per cent RDF (Recommended dose of fertilizer) which was at par with the treatment which received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +100 per cent RDF in 30, 60, 90 and at Harvest stage. The number of tillers per hill (3.44), total dry matter production (41.67 g hill-1), number of fingers per ear head (5.95), straw yield (36.07 q ha-1) and grain yield (48.00 q ha-1) was recorded in the treatment received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +125 per cent RDF which was at par with the treatment which received zeolite 50 kg ha-1 +100 per cent RDF in pooled analysis.

Response of varieties under high and low input management in semi-dry rice ecosystem

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2020-21 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to study the response of varieties with high and low nutrient levels under semi-dry rice system. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with varieties in main plot viz., Anna 4, PMK 3, TKM 12, CO 51, CO 53 and three graded nutrient levels in sub-plot viz., 75 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (60:20:30 kg NPK/ha), 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (75:25:37.5 kg NPK/ha) and 125 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (90:30:45 kg NPK/ha). The results revealed that, among the different varieties evaluated under semi-dry ecosystem, CO 53 showed higher grain yield on par with Anna 4. Among the nutrient levels, 125 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) recorded higher grain yield at par with 100 per cent RDF. From this study it can be concluded that, short duration variety CO 53 and Anna 4 is best suitable under semi-dry system with 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (75:25:37.5 kg NPK/ha) in Tamil Nadu.

Effect of site specific nutrient management on production and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) under mid hill condition of Chhatisgarh

A field experiment was conducted in two consecutive Kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013 at Ambikapur to work out the effect of nutrient management on growth and development behavior of maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids. Plant height, leafarea, dry matter accumulation, and crop growth rate (CGR) were significantly higher with site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) over the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) under conservation agriculture. On the maize hybrids, 'PMH 3' recorded significantly highest plant height, dry-matter accumulation and crop growth rate at various stages which was at par with 'PMH 1' but significantly superior to other hybrids. Significantly lowest leaf- area, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate was recorded with 'HQPM 1'. SSNM recorded highest yield attributes, viz ., cob length (cm), cob girth (cm), grain rows/cob, grains/row, shelling per cent and 1000 grain weight (g) significantly higher over 50 per cent RDF but at par with 100 per cent RDF. SSNM recorded significantly highest cob yield and grain yield (kg/ha) over 100 and 50 per cent RDF. With regards to maize hybrids 'PMH 3' recorded yield attributes, viz ., cob length (cm), cob girth (cm), grain rows/cob, grains/row, shelling per cent and 1000 grain weight (g) which was at par with 'PMH 1' but significantly superior to other hybrids. Significantly lowest yield was recorded by 'HQPM 1'.

Influence of Grafting, Spacing and Fertigation Levels on Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Leaf Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Contents

A study was undertaken to assess the influence of grafting, spacing and fertigation levels on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents. Eggplant was grafted on a wild species, Solanum torvum, and the grafts were evaluated under a strip plot design with four levels of spacing (S1: 1 m x 1 m, S2: 2 m x 1 m, S3: 1.5 m x 1.5 m and S4: 0.6 m x 0.6 m) and three levels of fertigation, F1: 75 % RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer), F2: 100 % RDF and F3: 125 % RDF, replicated four times. After six months, the plants were pruned to obtain the ratoon crop which lasted four months. Non grafted seedlings were kept for comparison. Analysis of leaf N, P and K was done at the end of both main and ratoon crops as well as in seedlings. The analysis of variance was conducted and the performance of eggplant grafts and seedlings were compared using t-test. The results indicated that the grafts recorded the highest leaf N, P and K than the seedlings. Eggplant grafts planted at the wider spacing (1.5 m x 1.5 m) and applied with the recommended dose of fertilizer (100 per cent RDF) were more efficient in nutrients (N, P and K) uptake for further utilization in different functions leading to development and production.

Effect of Drip Fertigation on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Cotton

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, during rabi 2010 - 2011 to study the effect of drip fertigation on growth, yield attributes and yield of cotton. In this study, growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area index (LAI), sympodial branches, dry mater production, root length, root dry weight were found to be enhanced by drip irrigation at 100 per cent Pan Evaporation (PE) along with 100 per cent drip fertigation (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer(RDF) as Water Soluble Fertilizer (WSF)). This combination of drip irrigation 100 per cent PE with drip fertigation 100 per cent RDF as WSF also increased yield attributes such as number of bolls plant -1 , boll weight and seed cotton yield.

Growth performance of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Grafts Subjected to Different Spacing and Fertigation Levels

Growth performance of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) grafts was evaluated under different spacing and fertigation levels. The field trial was designed in a strip plot design with four levels of spacing (S1: 1 m x 1m, S2: 2 m x 1 m, S3: 1.5 m x 1.5 m and S4: 0.6 m x 0.6 m) and three levels of fertigation, F1: 75 % RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer), F2: 100 % RDF and F3: 125 % RDF, replicated four times. Eggplant seedlings (not grafted) were planted also for comparison with grafts. The plant height, number of branches per plant and plant spread in East-West (EW) and North-South (NS) directions were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance using M Stat-C software package while the growth performance of eggplant grafts and seedlings were compared using t-test. The results indicated that grafting had high effect on plant growth parameters and increases in eggplant grafts over seedlings were 72.76, 48.13, 49.13 and 56.09 per cent for plant height, number of branches per plant, plant spread in EW and NS direction respectively. Moreover, spacing and fertigation levels significantly affected eggplant growth and excellent growth performance for eggplant grafts was noticed under 1.5 m x 1.5 m + 100 per cent RDF which is recommended at the end of this study. Eggplant growers should be encouraged use eggplant grafts in combination with adequate plant spacing and nutrition since these contribute to the improved plant growth and development leading to greater productivity.

Quality Parameters of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) as Affected by Grafting, Spacing and Fertigation Levels

A study was conducted to find out the effect of grafting, plant spacing and fertigation levels on eggplant fruit quality parameters. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) F1 hybrid COBH 2 was grafted on Solanum torvum. The obtained grafts were evaluated in a strip plot design with four spacing levels (S1: 1 m x 1m, S2: 2 m x 1 m, S3: 1.5 m x 1.5 m and S4: 0.6 m x 0.6 m) and three fertigation levels, F1: 75 % RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer), F2: 100 % RDF and F3: 125 % RDF, and four replications. After six months, the plants were pruned to obtain the ratoon crop which lasted four months. Seedlings (not grafted) were planted in first season for comparison with main crop of grafts. The data for dry matter, protein, ascorbic acid, total phenols and solasodine contents in eggplant's fruits were recorded and the analysis of variance was performed while t-test was conducted to compare grafts and seedlings. The results indicated that apart from solasodine content, with an average of 0.029 %, other quality parameters were significantly affected by spacing and fertigation levels; while grafting did not have any significant effect. Application of 100 per cent RDF and 125 per cent RDF were on par, with the highest dry matter (9.24 and 9.21 per cent), protein (15.61 mg g-1 and 15.25 mg g-1) and ascorbic acid (16.60 and16.62 mg g-100), respectively. The 100 per cent RDF recorded the highest value of total phenols (1.82 mg g-1).

Effect of Spacing and Fertigation on Incidence of Shoot and Fruit Borer (Leucinodes Orbonalis Guenee) in Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L) Grafts

Shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) is an important pest responsible for deterioration of quality and quantity of eggplant fruits. Ecofriendly practices such as adoption of proper plant spacing and fertigation level can be used in the management of this pest. For this, investigations were carried out in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) grafted onto Solanum torvum Swartz to evaluate the effect of spacing and fertigation levels on shoot and fruit borer infestation. A strip plot design was adopted with four levels of spacing (1 m x 1 m, 2 m x 1 m, 1.5 m x 1.5 m and 0.6 m x 0.6 m) and three levels of fertigation: 75, 100 and 125 % RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) replicated four times. After six months, the plants were pruned to obtain the ratoon crop which was maintained for four months. The lowest shoot borer (8.61 and 7.86 per cent) and fruit borer (9.66 and 8.20 per cent) infestations were recorded under widest plant spacing as compared to the closest; while the lowest fertigation level (75 per cent RDF) recorded the lowest shoot borer (7.74 and 7.01 per cent) and fruit borer (8.91 and 8.21 per cent) incidence in main and ratoon crops, respectively. It can be concluded that the shoot and fruit borer infestation reduces with increased spacing and with decreased nutrition level. Keywords

Residual Effect of Composts on Soil Fertility Under Amaranthus-Turmeric Cropping System

In amaranthus-turmeric cropping system, turmeric (var. BSR 2) was raised after amaranthus to assess the residual effect of composts on soil fertility. The experiment was conducted without disturbing the original treatment structure. Significantly higher residual effect was observed in those plots which had received compost of banana pseudostem or sugarcane trash prepared with different starter materials viz., Cow dung and sewage sludge, accelerator ie., Microbial inoculum viz., Pseudomonas and Bacillus sp and Trichoderma viride, accelerator cum enricher materials like Urea and Poultry manure than the raw materials. In general, the performance of Poultry manure enriched microbial inoculum or Trichoderma viride compost of banana pseudostem or sugarcane trash @ 750 kg ha-1 with 75 per cent of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) was quite impressive than that of no manure i.e., 100 per cent RDF alone and the absolute control in enhancing available nutrient (N, P and K) status, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity at post harvest stage of residual crop of turmeric. The residual effect of composts prepared with banana pseudostem was considerable than that with sugarcane trash. The highest available N, P, K, organic carbon and cation exchange capacity of 236 kg ha-1, 16.72 kg ha-1, 482 kg ha-1, 0.64 per cent and 20.73 cmol (P+) kg-1 respectively was recorded with the application of poultry manure enriched microbial inoculant compost of banana pseudostem @ 750 kg ha-1 with 75 per cent of the recommended dose of fertilizer.

Effect of intra-row spacings, fertilizer levels and planting materials on yield and economics of pre-seasonal sugarcane under drip irrigation

A field experiment was carried out at, Rahuri during the seasons 1999–2000 (plant cane) and 2000– 2001(ratoon cane). The study reveled that the yield of cane with 90 cm intra-row spacing was significantly superior over 30 and 60 cm intra-row spacing The application of 125 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) recorded significantly higher cane yield than 75 and 100 per cent RDF. The low operational cost and high yield resulted into increased gross and net returns of sugarcane at 90 cm intra-row spacing and proportionately the B: C ratio over 30 and 60 cm spacings. The increase in gross returns by application of 125 % RDF to sugarcane over 75 and 100 % RDF were 23.21 and 8.79 per cent higher and the net returns were 48 and 16.25 % higher when data were pooled over the seasons, respectively. The application of 125 % RDF recorded maximum B:C ratio of 2.50 on pooled basis. The over all operational cost of sugarcane planted by tissue cultured plantlets was 214 per cent higher than the polybag settling in first planting season, but in ratoon, no marked difference observed in operational cost. The gross monetary returns realized by plantation of polybag settlings were higher to the tune of 21.87, 14.40 and 18.18 per cent and the net monetary returns were 370.39, 20.43 and 195.41 over plantation of tissue cultured plantlets in plant and ratoon seasons and on pooled data basis, respectively. The plantation of polybag settling recorded maximum value of B: C ratio as compared to tissue cultured plantlet cane.