Cent Of Weight Research Articles

First report on the invasion of vermicelli by Lasioderma serricorne

Lasioderma serricorne F. causes significant losses to grain that is kept in storage. They can also spoil a lot more food than they actually consume. An empirical experiment was carried out to ascertain the level of insect infestation in the vermicelli at Anand, Gujarat, India. Also, per cent weight loss of vermicelli due to infestation of L. serricorne and apparent parasitism of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) on grub of L. serricorne were calculated. The percentage of weight lost due to its infestation ranged from 18.00 to 68.00 per cent. Notably, the grub of L. serricorne was parasitized by A. calandrae and the apparent parasitism ranged from 48.00 to 85.00 percent. It was the first report of Lasioderma serricorne an infestation in vermicelli from India.

Efficacy of Intercropping, Botanicals and Insecticides Against Okra Shoot and Fruit Borer (Earias vittella F.) on Okra in Uttar Pradesh, India

This study assesses the effectiveness of intercrops, insecticides and botanicals against the okra shoot and fruit borer Earias vittella. The okra + marigold (1:1) and okra + coriander (1:1) intercropping had the least shoot damage (4.35 percent, respectively), according to the data (4.70 per cent). Okra + maize (1:1) saw the most shoot damage (5.51%) when compared to monoculture (6.68 per cent). Spinosad 45 SC 75 g a.i./ha (2.49%) had the lowest rate of shoot damage among the insecticides, followed by Abamectin 1.8 EC 25 g a.i./ha (3.12%) and botanical NSKE 5 per cent, which found that the per cent shoot damage (3.25) compared to sole crop (okra) was higher (6.68 per cent). The data showed that the least fruit damage (9.25 percent, respectively) occurred in the intercropping of okra + marigold (1:1) and okra + coriander (1:1) (11.59 per cent) weight basis. The fruit damage in okra + maize (1:1) was highest (15.37%) compared to monoculture (18.08 per cent). Among the insecticides, Spinosad 45 SC 75 g a.i./ha (1.73%) had the lowest rate of shoot damage, followed by Abamectin 1.8 EC 25 g a.i./ha (2.02%) and botanical NSKE 5%, which discovered that the percentage of shoot damage (2.76) compared to lone crop (okra) was higher (18.08 per cent ). The highest yield was observed when intercropping coriander and okra (1:1), whereas the lowest yield was recorded when intercropping maize and okra (23.28 q/ha) (1:1).

Comparative analysis of using housefly maggot, silkworm pupae and earthworm meal-based diets in rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

A study was conducted in rohu fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) to assess the potential of silkworm pupae, housefly maggot, and earthworm meals as a replacement for soybean meal. In this context, four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were prepared, viz., control – SM (30% soybean meal inclusion level), SPM (30% silkworm pupae meal inclusion), HMM (30% housefly maggot meal inclusion level) and EWM (30% earthworm meal inclusion level). The rohu fingerlings (initial average body weight:5.07 ± 0.01 g) were fed twice daily with the respective experimental diets to reach satiation levels. Specific growth rate (SGR), final body weight (FBW), per cent weight gain (WG), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly affected among the experimental groups. SPM and HMM groups had significantly higher FBW, SGR, WG and PER values than the control - SM and EM groups. However, there was no significant difference between the control and EWM groups, and between SPM and HMM groups. FCR values showed a significant reverse trend in respect to WG. Incorporation of SPM and HMM in rohu diets gave greater growth performance and feed utilisation efficiency than SM and EWM-based diets.

Evaluation of certain botanicals for eco-friendly management of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.) infesting stored sesame

The experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of different botanicals for the eco-friendly management of red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) infesting stored sesame. The effectiveness of the botanicals was assessed based on the parameters viz., per cent seed damage, per cent weight loss, number of adults emerged and germination percentage at 6 months after storage. From this study, it was observed that the treatment sweet flag rhizome powder @ 10 g/kg sesame seeds recorded the lowest number of adult emerging (2.3 adults), the lowest percentage of seed damage (11.7%), percentage of seed weight loss (2.9%) and highest percentage germination (74.7%) after six months of storage. Therefore, it can be concluded that sweet flag rhizome powder @ 10 g/kg was the most effective eco-friendly method to manage red flour beetle beetle on stored sesame.

Tirzepatide after intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with overweight or obesity: the SURMOUNT-3 phase 3 trial

The effects of tirzepatide, a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on weight reduction after successful intensive lifestyle intervention are unknown. This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized (1:1) adults with body mass index ≥30 or ≥27 kg/m2 and at least one obesity-related complication (excluding diabetes), who achieved ≥5.0% weight reduction after a 12-week intensive lifestyle intervention, to tirzepatide maximum tolerated dose (10 or 15 mg) or placebo once weekly for 72 weeks (n = 579). The treatment regimen estimand assessed effects regardless of treatment adherence in the intention-to-treat population. The coprimary endpoint of additional mean per cent weight change from randomization to week 72 was met with changes of −18.4% (standard error (s.e.) 0.7) with tirzepatide and 2.5% (s.e. 1.0) with placebo (estimated treatment difference −20.8 percentage points (95% confidence interval (CI) −23.2%, −18.5%; P < 0.001). The coprimary endpoint of the percentage of participants achieving additional weight reduction ≥5% was met with 87.5% (s.e. 2.2) with tirzepatide and 16.5% (s.e. 3.0) with placebo achieving this threshold (odds ratio 34.6%; 95% CI 19.2%, 62.6%; P < 0.001). The most common adverse events with tirzepatide were gastrointestinal, with most being mild to moderate in severity. Tirzepatide provided substantial additional reduction in body weight in participants who had achieved ≥5.0% weight reduction with intensive lifestyle intervention. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04657016.

EMBIO trial study protocol: left gastric artery embolisation for weight loss in patients living with obesity with a BMI 35–50 kg/m2

IntroductionLeft gastric artery embolisation (LGAE) is a well-established treatment for major upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding when control is not established via upper GI endoscopy and recently has shown promising results...

(396) Effects of Long-term Testosterone Therapy in Men with Functional Hypogonadism and Obesity on Weight, Waist Circumference, and Erectile Function – Results from a Registry Study

Abstract Introduction Obesity is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). Long-term testosterone therapy (TTh) has been shown to improve anthropometric parameters as well as erectile function. Objective to investigate effects of long-term TTh up to 13 years in men with functional hypogonadism and obesity compared to an untreated control group. Methods In an ongoing registry study in men with hypogonadism (total testosterone ≤350 ng/mL and at least moderate symptoms on the Aging Males’ Symptoms scale, AMS) in a single urology office, 491 men had functional hypogonadism and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). 292 men received testosterone undecanoate (TU) injections 1000 mg/12 weeks following an initial 6-week interval (T-group), 199 opted against TTh and served as controls (CTRL). Weight, waist circumference, and IIEF-EF (5+1 questions, maximum score: 30) were assessed at each visit. Absolute measures with standard deviations (SDs) as well as changes over time, adjusted for age, weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure, lipids, and quality of life to account for baseline differences between groups, are reported for a duration of 13 years. Results Mean (median) follow-up: T-group 10.1±3.1 (11), CTRL 9.4±3.3 (10) years, total observation time: T-group 2944, CTRL 1861 patient-years. Baseline age was 59.5±6.0 (T-group) and 63.0±5.0 years (CTRL) (p&amp;lt;0.0001). In the T-group, 35.3%, 44.9% and 19.9% had obesity class I (BMI 30.0-34.4), II (BMI 35.0-39.9) and III (BMI ≥40 kg/m2), respectively. In CTRL, 71.9%, 22.1%, and 6%, had obesity class I, II, and III, respectively. At baseline, PDE5-Inhibitors were used by 25.0% (T-group) and 25.6% (CTRL) (p=0.875). T-group: weight (kg) decreased by 23.9±0.4 (least squares means ± standard errors) from 114.5±11.8 to 87.5±6.7 (means ± standard deviations) after 13 years. CTRL: weight increased by 8.4±0.6 from 105.6±10.5 to 107.9±6.2 (p&amp;lt;0.0001 for all). T-group: waist circumference (cm) decreased by 13.8±0.3 (least squares means ± SEs) from 115.0±13.2 to 97.5±4.6 (means ± SDs) after 13 years CTRL: waist circumference increased by 9.3±0.4 from 118.6±11.4 to 121.2±6.1 (p&amp;lt;0.0001 for all). T-group: BMI (kg/m2) decreased by 7.7±0.1 (least squares means ± SEs) from 36.8±3.6 to 28.3±2.1 after 13 years CTRL: BMI increased by 2.7±0.2 from 33.9±3.3 to 34.9±2.2 (p&amp;lt;0.0001 for all). Per cent weight loss from baseline was 22.8±4.9% in the T-group, per cent weight gain was 8.4±3.7% in CTRL (p&amp;lt;0.0001 for both). In the T-group, 118 patients (40.4%) achieved weight loss of ≥20% after a mean observation time of 92 months (minimum: 27, maximum: 189). No patient in CTRL achieved weight loss of ≥20%. 290 men (99.3%) in the T-group vs. 8 men (4.0%) in CTRL achieved weight loss of ≥5%. T-group: IIEF-EF increased by 11.4±0.3 (least squares means ± SEs) from 17.2±5.9 (means ± SD) at baseline to 29.4±1.0 after 13 years. CTRL: IIEF-EF decreased by 15.1±0.4 from 19.0±3.9 at baseline to 7.0±1.0 after 13 years (p&amp;lt;0.0001 for all). Conclusions Long-term TTh in men with functional hypogonadism and obesity improved weight, waist circumference and erectile function. In the untreated control group, anthropometric measures and erectile function deteriorated. Disclosure Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany Clarification Industry funding only - investigator initiated and executed study Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Bayer AG

Body condition metrics explain fish movement in experimental streams

AbstractBody condition refers to an array of physiological or nutritious states in animals, but body condition is typically measured using a single metric in animal behavior studies. In this paper, we conducted a three‐day laboratory study to evaluate whether metrics of body condition affected movement of wild‐caught creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) at 16 and 22°C. Movement was counted between two circular tanks connected by a straight corridor, which was equipped with a pair of passive integrated transponder antennas. Fish movement was most frequent during periods of darkness in a simulated photoperiod, and more mobile individuals consistently moved more frequently across the 3 days. In general, individuals in better body condition were more mobile than those in poorer condition, and different metrics of body condition affected movement to different degrees. Specifically, per cent weight loss and dry matter content (ratio of wet versus dehydrated weight) were better predictors of movement than weight‐at‐length, which is most typically used as a surrogate of body condition in animals. In addition, body condition and length interacted to affect fish movement, where body condition affected movement of smaller individuals more significantly than that of larger individuals. Body condition effects on activity were similar at 16 and 22°C. This study demonstrates that body condition metrics may not always affect certain behavior in a similar way. Body condition metrics need to be carefully selected when used in the context of animal behavior, and more than a single metric should be tested when feasible.

Design and Qualification of an Additively Manufactured Manifold for Aircraft Landing Gears Applications

The continuous pursuit of reducing weight and optimizing manufacturing processes is increasingly demanded in transportation vehicles, particularly in the aerospace field. In this context, additive manufacturing (AM) represents a well-known technique suitable for re-engineering traditional systems, minimizing the product’s weight/volume and print time. The present research activity allowed for the exploration of the feasibility to replicate a conventional hydraulic manifold already certified for defence application with a lightweight and more compact issue through typical stringent aeronautical qualification steps. Computational modelling with lab test efforts made it possible to assess the compliance of the device with airworthiness certification requirements, giving a special focus to the fulfilment of structural requirements. In particular, the fatigue life characterization is still a crucial point to be well investigated in aeronautical components dfAM (designed for additive manufacturing) to demonstrate the maturity of the technology in the certification scenario. The new AM-driven design offers a more than 40 per cent weight reduction.

ASSESSMENT OF QUANTITATIVE LOSSES IN DIFFERENT WHEAT VARIETIES DUE TO RICE WEEVIL (SITOPHILUS ORYZAE L.)

A rapidly rising population and a shift in food preferences away from traditional cereals and towards wheat and wheat products are driving up wheat consumption. Storage pests, particularly Sitophilus oryzae, is one of the important insect pest, damages stored wheat grains, degrading the quality and quantity of the commodities by diminishing nutrition content and rendering them unfit for human use. To overcome such problems a study was undertaken to assess the quantitative losses caused by rice weevil in different wheat varieties during different storage periods so that to choose most resistant variety. This study was undertaken during 2018-2019 under laboratory conditions, different wheat varieties viz, VL 907, RSP 561, WH 1080, HD 3086, WH1105 were assessed for quantitative losses caused by rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae. The assessed parameters were adult emergence, per cent seed damage, per cent weight loss and per cent avoidable losses. Our investigation revealed that among the wheat varieties WH 1080 was found least susceptible with minimum number of progeny emergence (21.9), least seed damage (5.77%) and weight loss (1.50%) up to six months of storage period while as RSP 561 was highly susceptible with maximum number of progeny emergence (94.6), highest seed damage (69.3 %) and weight loss (23.6 %).

Nutritive value of tender shoots of different bamboo species in relation to harvesting height in mid-hills of north-western Himalayas

Recognizing the importance of bamboos in human life and the knowledge gap concerning the nutritional value of tender bamboo shoots harvested at different heights; the current study was carried out by taking seven bamboo species (Dendrocalamus asper, D. hamiltonii, D. giganteus, Melocanna baccifera, Bambusa balcooa, Phyllostachys bambusoides and P. pubescens) at four harvesting heights (15±2, 20±2, 25±2 and 30±2 cm) in the mid-hills of north-western Himalayas. The findings revealed that the physical, nutritional, and anti-nutritional attributes of fresh tender shoots of bamboo species varied markedly with harvesting height. The maximum moisture content (92.66%), potassium (K) (526.62 mg 100 g−1) and calcium (Ca) (17.88 mg 100 g−1) were recorded in D. hamiltonii, while low in ascorbic acid (2.35 mg 100 g−1) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) (44.78 mg 100 g−1) content. Similarly, the highest fat (0.46%) and ash (1.24%) recorded in M. baccifera while protein (3.16%), edible per cent (49.95%) and shoot weight (669.35 g) in P. pubescens, D. asper and D. giganteus, respectively. P. bambusoides had the maximum carbohydrate (4.74%) but lowest in antioxidant activity (41.99%). Similarly, D. asper had the maximum phosphorus (P) content (39.91 mg 100 g−1) while low in total phenols (1.23 mg 100 g−1). Overall, the level of nutritional traits viz., protein, ash, antioxidant, ascorbic acid, P, and Ca decreases with increasing harvesting height, whereas carbohydrates, K, HCN, and total phenol content increases. For edible use, the bamboo species should be chosen based on the need for a specific nutritional trait, preferably at 15±2 cm in height.

Management of Pulse Beetle in Green Gram Seed Using Modified Atmosphere

The experiment was conducted at Seed Research and Technology Center, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India during June, 2019 under laboratory conditions using modified atmosphere with elevated levels of CO2 in two varieties of green gram namely LGG-460 and LGG-407. The study indicated that biological parameters of the test insect and the seed quality parameters were highly influenced by different levels of CO2 and storage intervals and varied between the two accessions of green gram. Emergence of adults decreased with increased concentrations of CO2. Among the two accessions, LGG-460 had least adult emergence with comparatively less insect damage than LGG-407. Higher concentrations of CO2 (45%) significantly reduced the per cent insect infestation and weight loss of both the accessions. The efficacy of different concentrations of CO2 on seed infestation and population build up revealed that exposing the bruchid infested green gram seed to 45% and higher concentrations of CO2 not only checked seed infestation but also checked the progeny production of the pest even after prolonged periods of storage up to 2 MAS. The green gram seeds stored in CO2 rich atmosphere also maintained seed quality with high germination percentage and seedling vigor up to 2 MAS. Two months storage period was effective for control of insect infestation and weight loss. Among the 2 accessions, seedling vigour I and II were found to be high in LGG 460 even at 6 months storage interval.

Longitudinal visual field archetypal analysis of optic neuritis treated in a clinical setting

Background/aimsWe previously used archetypal analysis (AA) to create a model that quantified patterns (archetypes (ATs)) of visual field (VF) loss that can predict recovery and reveal residual VF deficits from...

Association of in-competition injury risk and the degree of rapid weight cutting prior to competition in division I collegiate wrestlers

ObjectivesWeight cutting is thought to offer a competitive advantage in wrestling. Dehydration has deleterious effects on physical and cognitive function, which may increase the risk of injury. The purpose of...

Efficacy of the Plant Extracts as Grain Protectants against Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae on Stored Wheat Grains

The present investigation were conducted at department of Entomology SHUATS, Prayagraj during 2021-2022 using completely randomized design with three replications and treatments neem leaf powder, turmeric rhizome powder, clove powder, pepper powder, mustard oil, soybean oil and groundnut oil. Among the selected oils and botanicals treated to wheat grains, mustard oil and soybean oil were found to be highly effective in increasing adult mortality (100 %) and reducing the per cent weight loss (0.00%) in stored wheat grains. Turmeric rhizome powder was found to be least effective among all the treatments. The maximum germination percentage, vigour index 1 and vigour index 2 was observed in grains treated with mustard oil (90%, 2250.00, 123.00) respectively on wheat grains. Turmeric rhizome powder was found to be least effective among all the treatments.

Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae): Studies on screening techniques of wheat genotypes/varieties for resistance

Lesser grain borer, R. dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) is a notorious&nbsp;insect pest&nbsp;of&nbsp;wheat and it can cause both quantitative and qualitative losses and also decrease the&nbsp;sustenance&nbsp;of stored wheat. The host preference of&nbsp;R. dominica&nbsp;were studied in twenty five wheat genotypes/varieties with both free and force choice test. Free choice screening provided prefatory information which was antixenosis usually measured. In force choice’s per cent weight loss, F1 adult emergence and susceptibility index demonstrated the rapid increases in the R. dominica population in wheat variety GW 190 compared than wheat genotypes/varieties VD18-12, VD18-13, VD18-14 and LOK1. Based on per cent weight loss, the genotype/varieties were graded by arbitary categorization as resistant (9), moderately resistant (6), less susceptible (5), moderately susceptible (3), and susceptible (2). Correlation done between the weight loss and all other growth parameters revealed that the weight loss has positive and significant correlation with mean developmental period and highly significant and positive correlation with F1 adult emergence and susceptibility index. The wheat genotypes/varieties resistant to&nbsp;R. dominica VD18-12, VD18-13, VD18-14 and LOK1 have the potential to reducing the loss of wheat during storage condition and it can also used as donor lines for future breeding purpose.

Lightweightinhg Having Industry

The use of composite in rollbars has helped achieve a 30 per cent weight saving for two Yorkshire companies.

Mutagenic efficiency of gamma rays on in-vitro regeneration in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

In the study Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. &amp; Coss.] was treated with different doses (0, 2.5, 10, 20 and 100 Gy) of gamma rays (radioactive cobalt, 60Co) and the effects were investigated on callus initiation, seed germination, seedling growth, total chlorophyll, protein and proline contents of seedling leaves, which were grown from hypocotyl explant of non-irradiated and irradiated seeds. Experiment was conducted at School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University during 2017–18. The results showed that irradiated seeds had increased seed germination per cent, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, total chlorophyll, protein and proline content in low dose exposure (2.5Gy). Callus cultures were established from hypocotyl explants of 15 days old seedlings obtained from irradiated and non-irradiated seeds of B. juncea on MS1 [MS+BAP (2 mg/ml) + 2,4 D (1 mg/ml)] and MS2 [MS+BAP (2 mg/ml) + 2,4 D (0.5 mg/ml)] medium. Cultured hypocotyls formed callus at their cut ends within a week and simultaneously differentiation started into nodular structures from their base. MS1 callus induction medium gave good callus induction percentage (58%) as compared to MS2. It was observed that the callus was green, compact and showed 83% induction frequency in 100Gy gamma dose in MS1, whereas in different dose treatment (2.5–20Gy), callus was white and friable. It turned light brown in 100Gy treatment in MS2 medium. Thus, results of the present study showed pre-sowing seed irradiation is an effective method of improving seed germination at the early developmental stage of the plant.

Differential response of native fluorescent pseudomonads isolates in plant growth promotion and biocontrol activity in Eleusine coracana (L.) gaertn

In the present study, different fluorescent pseudomonads isolates from agricultural soil were characterized and identified as plant growth promoting bacteria. On the basis of specific biochemical tests, 42 were confirmed as fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Simultaneously, when all isolates were evaluated for their biocontrol traits, 21 isolates were good HCN producers, 23 isolates were siderophore producers and 28 isolates were also identified as phosphate solubilizers. Further, all the 42 isolates were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against the four major pathogens using dual culture assay viz., Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia grisea and Helminthosporium nodulosum, of which 10 isolates viz., UUHF Psf-4, 11, 12, 15, 17, 20, 28, 35, 40 and 41 showed maximum per cent inhibition against all the four tested pathogens. Among all the isolates, UUHF Psf-4 exhibited maximum per cent inhibition with 83.75% towards S. rolfsii, 85.00% inhibition towards R. solani, 80.00% inhibition towards P. grisea and 78.57% inhibition towards H. nodulosum, respectively. Results of plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities in finger millet, under laboratory and glass house conditions, revealed that all the 10 putative candidates were found effective in significantly increasing most of the planting value parameters (first count, germination per cent, root length, shoot length, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, vigour index I and II) under both laboratory and glass house conditions. UUHF Psf-4 was found to be best followed by UUHF Psf-15 and UUHF Psf-41 in most of the characters studied, all being superior to control.

Effects of dietary manganese supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function and intestinal microbiota in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Water manganese (Mn) is apparently insufficient to meet aquatic animals’ metabolic requirement, and their food is considered as the major Mn source. Currently, researches reporting the effects of dietary Mn inclusion on physiological and metabolic function in Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) are very scarce. Therefore, 8-week feeding trail was conducted to determine dietary Mn requirement for L. vannamei and further evaluate the effects of dietary Mn supplementation on tissue Mn concentration, antioxidant enzyme activity, nonspecific immune enzymes activity and intestinal microbiota composition. Our results demonstrated that the optimum dietary Mn requirement for L. vannamei was determined to be 44.83 mg/kg based on the per cent weight gain; supplementing 39.57 mg/kg, 54.57 mg/kg and 72.67 mg/kg Mn significantly increased (p < .05) the activity of serum lysozyme (LZM), nitric oxide synthase and alkaline phosphatase, the activity of antioxidative capacity and glutathione in serum and hepatopancreas of L. vannamei. Supplementing 111.97 mg/kg Mn significantly increased (p < .05) hepatopancreas Mn concentration and serum LZM activity. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that supplementing 39.57 mg/kg and 111.97 mg/kg Mn significantly influenced (p < .05) intestinal microbiota composition and function. These findings might help provide a scientific basis for the commercial application of Mn in L. vannamei.