Cent Of Compound Research Articles

The derivational family of the noun SAULĖ

The word saulė (‘the sun’) and the denotation indicated by it has a lot of meanings in the Lithuanian culture: the mythologists, philosophers, art critics, and literature critics have written about this phenomenon. The article analyses the derivational family of the noun saulė. Having analysed the derivatives with the root word saul (or one of the root words) found in various sources and the relations between them, the following conclusions have been drawn.The derivational family, the centre of which is the noun saulė, consists of 287 derivatives: mostly nouns (78 per cent of all derivatives), adjectives (15 per cent), verbs (4 per cent) and adverbs (3 per cent). First degree derivatives are dominant, i.e. such derivatives whose underlying word (or one of them) is the noun saulė: cf. first degree derivatives make 74 per cent of all derivatives, and 26 per cent of all derivatives of further derivation stages.The nouns are formed by using all derivational types; however, the compound nouns prevail: they make 69 per cent of all noun derivatives. 61 per cent of compounds are with the second verbal component. The components of 34 per cent of compounds are linked with the vowel -ė-. Some compounds have direct meanings (they denote purpose and place), and many more compounds have figurative meanings (metaphorical and metonymic). The noun saulė almost always (99 per cent) is the first component of the first degree compounds.There are a few neologisms – the derivatives or the derivatives that have acquired a new meaning – in the derivational family of the noun saulė. New realia are named as neologisms or they are variants and synonyms of derivatives incorporated in dictionaries.The research revealed that, in the Lithuanian language, the same entities (mostly plants, phenomena) are named in terms of variation: 40 rows of derivational variants (DV) and 33 rows of derivational synonyms (DS) have been formed and discussed. The plant saulėgrąža (‘a sunflower’) and the time when the sun sets down saulėlydis (‘the sunset’) have a particularly high number of conjugate names: in these rows of DV and DS, there are 33 and 29 derivatives, respectively. Although in many cases DV and DS are the words of a close (or even identical) semantical meaning, their usage and frequency differ: usually only one member of the DV and the DS row is common to the contemporary Lithuanian language, it is often used, while other derivatives often belong to the passive lexis and are known to a small part of the Lithuanian language users, or are recorded in written sources. In rare cases, conjugate derivatives are related in terms of antonyms.

Trends in rural poverty in india during 1973–74 to 2011–12

In this paper made an attempt to examine the trends in rural poverty in India using secondary data for the time period from 1973–74 to 2011–12. The study considers all states and union territories of India as population and seven states from high per capita income states and seven states from low per capita income states are selected as sample. For assessing poverty levels of sample states, the variables like number of rural population below poverty, percentage of rural population below poverty line and rural poverty line in rupees are taken in to consideration. Growth rates, CV analysis, f-test and t-test are applied along with descriptive statistics for the analysis. Our result shows that the trend in rural absolute poverty has been declining over a time period, but not same kind in high per capita income and low per capita income states and there is significant mean deference noticed. The incidence of rural poverty in high per capita income states and low per capita income states of India was decreasing and varied considerably during the study period. Rural poverty growth rates have fallen quickly for all high per capita income states more than 10 per cent of compound annual growth, while in all low per capita income states less than 10 per cent of compound annual growth. There is significant mean difference witnessed between high per capita income and low per capita income states in declining poverty.

Methadone disposition following oral versus parenteral dose administration in rats during chronic treatment

A single radiolabeled dose of dl-methadone was administered by the oral, subcutaneous and intravenous routes to rats that had been chronically treated with dl-methadone. Radiolabeled compound (methadone and metabolites) was found in all organs at all time points studied after 30 minutes to 24 hours. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis showed that approximately 30–40 per cent of this compound is unchanged methadone at the 1-hour time point in the liver of rats receiving an oral or intravenous dose and in the brain of rats receiving an oral dose. Ninety-four per cent of compounds in brain is unchanged methadone at 1 hour after intravenous dose administration. Twenty-four hours following dose administration, levels of methadone within any organ are found to be similar irrespective of route of administration. The liver was found to contain the largest amounts of methadone in all animals studied with whole blood, lungs, and kidneys also containing large total amounts of methadone and metabolites. The liver and adrenals contained the highest concentrations of radiolabeled compounds.

Metabolism of Pyridine Coenzymes in Microorganisms

NADP was enzymatically synthesized from NAD and p-nitrophenyl phosphate or nucleoside monophosphate with the enzyme preparation of Proteus mirabilis (IFO 3849). In this phosphotransferring reaction, ATP did not serve as phosphoryl donor.In addition to NADP, an unidentified substance (Compound I) showing fluorescence with methyl ethyl ketone and having no coenzyme activity to glutamic dehydrogenase was synthesized. The yield of NADP was usually below 30 per cent of Compound I.NADP was isolated from the reaction mixture and its coenzyme activity to some dehydrogenases was demonstrated.A new derivative of NAD (Compound I) synthesized from NAD and p-nitrophenyl phosphate by the enzyme preparation of Proteus mirabilis (IFO 3849), was isolated from the reaction mixture.After degradation of this compound with snake venom nucleotide pyrophosphatase, Compound III was obtained. 5′-NMN was phosphorylated to Compound IV by the same enzyme preparation of P. mirabilis. By the determination of chemical constituents and ...

Free Amino Acids in the Leaves of Salvinia natans and Azolla filiculoides Grown in Light and Dark

AbstractFree amino acids were determined quantitatively by thin‐layer chromatography and identified by various chromatographic methods in the leaves of two floating water ferns. Special interest was paid to the amount of γ‐amino butyric acid.Water soluble nitrogen compounds increase in the leaves of both plants during the growth of three to four weeks in darkness. Compounds especially accumulating are ammonia and the amides asparagine and glutamine. The amount of most proper amino acids is reduced in the dark, except γ‐amino butyric acid, which, in addition to amides, is the main amino compound increasing in darkness.0.1 M HCl extracts the greatest amount of nitrogen compounds of low molecular weight from the dried leaves of the experimental plants. If we denote the amount of the dissolved amino compounds as 100 per cent, we can say that water extracts 96 per cent of the amino compounds, and that an 80 per cent ethanol solution extracts 79 per cent of these compounds.