Cement Factor Research Articles

Genetic variation in <i>GSTP1</i> and <i>TBXA2R</i> genes: influence of Badoush cement factory pollutant

Industrial advancements, while driving economic growth, have simultaneously intensified environmental pollution levels, posing significant health risks to populations residing near industrial hubs. The release of a complex mixture of pollutants, including heavy metals, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds, has been linked to a range of adverse health outcomes, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular complications, and cancer. The Badoush Cement Factor in Mosul city, Nineveh, Iraq, a major industrial facility, exemplifies this challenge, emitting substantial quantities of air pollutants capable of long-range transport. This study, therefore, investigated the potential gene-environment interactions focusing on TBXA2R and GSTP1 genes and contributing to respiratory health disparities among 64 employees of the Badoush Cement Factory compared to 10 control subjects. Specifically, the study employed the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain (ARMS-PCR) reaction technique to analyze the role of the TBXA2R gene, known for its involvement in bronchoconstriction and susceptibility to asthma, and the GSTP1 gene, encoding a crucial antioxidant enzyme protecting lung tissue from oxidative stress. By examining these genetic markers within the context of occupational exposure at the Badoush Cement Factory, this research aimed to elucidate the intricate interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors in determining respiratory health outcomes. The results indicated that there was no direct correlation between exposure to pollutants and genetic variation in the TBXA2R gene. However, prolonged exposure to pollutants may increase the risk of developing respiratory diseases. No significant association was found between pollutants emitted from the cement plant and genetic variation in the GSTP1 gene.

Characterization of 3D printed composite for final dental restorations.

This study evaluated the mechanical, optical, microstructural, surface, and adhesive behavior of a 3D printing resin comparing it with a machinable resin composite. Specimens of different sizes and shapes were either printed (Vitality, Smart Dent) or machinable (Grandio Blocs, Voco GmbH) resin composites with similar composition were prepared. Surface and mechanical characterization were performed with Knoop hardness, flexural strength (three-point-bending), and elastic modulus tests. The wear of the tested materials was evaluated against steatite antagonists. The optical properties stability (color change, ΔE00, and translucency, TP00) were observed after staining in red wine. In addition, the bond strength of the resin composites to two resin cement protocols were investigated with microshear bond strength tests at baseline and after thermocycling. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was used for microstructural and chemical characterization. Statistical analyses were performed with t- and ANOVA tests. Hardness values (132.76 (16.32) KH- Machinable and 35.87 (2.78) KH - Printed), flexural strength (172.17 (26.99) MPa - Machinable and 88.69 (8.39) MPa - Printed), color and translucency change (1.86 (0.31)/0.06 - Machinable and 3.73 (0.36)/9,16- Printed), and wear depth (24.97mm (3.60)- Machinable and 7.16mm (2.84) - Printed) were statistically different. Average Regarding bond strength, mean values (MPa) for non-aged and aged groups were respectively 21.76 (6.64) / 31.9 (12.66) for Bifix cement (Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) and 26.75 (5.14) / 24.36 (6.85) for Variolink cement (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) in Printed and 17.79 (3.89) / 9.01 (3.36) ) for Bifix cement and 22.09 (6.55) / 11.01 (3.77) for Variolink cement in Machinable materials. The material and aging factors did affect bond strength but the cement factor did not (p = 0.202). No statistical differences were observed for mean roughness (Ra) between materials. The better dispersion and larger size of the inorganic particles in the Machinable resin were contrasted with the clustered smaller particles of printed resin, under SEM. The mechanical properties and color stability of the machinable resin were superior to those of the printed resin, probably due to the greater amount and dispersion of inorganic particles in the Mach resin, but bond strength after aging was stronger and more stable in the printed resin. 3D-printed resin composites with similar compositions to machinable resin composites do not necessarily exhibit the same properties, which can impact clinical performance. Understanding these differences can assist manufacturers in improving their materials and help clinicians distinguish between materials appropriate for provisional and final restorations.

Experimental study on fiber-reinforced cement tailings sand-based grouting material preparation and factors influencing the grouting effect

To address the problem of permeation of tailings pond initial dams rockfill dams, fiber-reinforced cement tailings sand-based grouting (FRCTG) material, which can be used for rockfill dam reinforcement, was prepared by selecting ordinary portland cement (OPC), iron tailings sand (ITS), basalt fiber (BF), fly ash (FA) and water as the raw materials. Orthogonal tests were used to investigate the effects of the water-binder ratio (w/b) and material mass fraction on the rheological and mechanical properties of FRCTG and determine the optimum mixing ratio. Comparative analyses were performed of the grouting effect of FRCTG and pure OPC grouting materials based on concrete self-compacting tests and COMSOL simulations. Combined X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) microstructural characterization were used to reveal the factors influencing FRCTG mechanical properties. The results showed that when the water-binder ratio (w/b) was 0.5, ITS substitution percentage for OPC was 10 %, BF dosage was 0.2 %, BF length was 6 mm, and FA substitution percentage for OPC was 8 %, FRCTG had better rheological properties and flexural strength than pure OPC grouting materials. In addition, FRCTG self-compacting concrete also had stronger compressive strength and splitting strength. FRCTG showed a better filling capacity and diffusion effect, which preliminarily verified the feasibility of rockfill dam grouting. ITS inhibited the hydration reaction of the cementitious material and prolonged the setting time of the slurry. The interlocking structure formed by FA and hydration products indirectly enhanced the flexural strength of the grouting material. BF not only provided FRCTG reinforcement but also acted as the hydration product skeleton. FRCTG demonstrated better economic and environmental performance than traditional cement material while effectively utilizing ITS and FA solid waste.

The Role of Green Human Capital in Promoting Environmental Sustainability an Exploratory Study in the Kufa Cement Factor

The research aims to determine the impact of green human capital on environmental sustainability, as the problem included the main question (Does green human capital affect environmental sustainability in the Kufa Cement Factory?). The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data, and it included two axes. The first axis dealt with the data. The personality of the workers, while the second axis dealt with the paragraphs of the research variables (human capital and environmental sustainability), The size of the community was (1789) individuals, and (308) individuals participated in the questionnaire, and the descriptive analytical approach was used, and many statistical methods were used, including (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Cronbach’s reliability coefficient). Alpha, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple linear regression), and the research reached a set of results, the most prominent of which is the existence of a correlation as well as the impact of green human capital on environmental sustainability and its dimensions. Among the most prominent recommendations is the need for the Kufa Cement Factory to adopt awareness programs for working leaders. They explain the importance of the human resource in preserving the environment, and indicate the extent of its impact on improving the environment.

Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Kain Bekas Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Lis Gipsum

Research has been done on gypsum plaster. The purpose of this study was to see the mechanical properties of the addition of the percentage of used fabric fibers. Variations in the composition of gypsum flour and used cloth fiber were respectively: 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% with a water cement factor (FAS) of 0.5. Making samples of gypsum plaster using a hot press machine using a temperature of 90 °C within 30 minutes. The mechanical properties tested include fracture strength and flexural strength. The test equipment used for MOR and MOE is UTM. The test results show that the gypsum plaster with used fabric fibers has a fracture strength value of 953.1 kgf/cm2 to 2,981.4 kgf/cm2 and a flexural strength value of 63,519.67 kgf/cm2 up to 408,454.61 kgf/cm2. all samples of gypsum plaster have complied with SNI 01-4449-2006 concerning fiberboard quality standards.

Clinical evaluation of zirconia crowns cemented with two different resin cements: A retrospective study.

Self-adhesive resin cement has been used extensively with zirconia crowns. Several in vitro studies showed that adhesive resin cementation may increase zirconia crowns' retention and their fatigue resistance. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance, survival and success rates and complications encountered with zirconia crowns cemented with two different self-adhesive resin cements. A total of 112 patients who received 176 monolithic zirconia crowns were evaluated. Crowns were cemented with RelyX Unicem 2 (n = 74) and Panavia SA (n = 102) self-adhesive resin cements. Clinical assessments of the crowns and supporting periodontal structures were performed following the modified California Dental Association (CDA) criteria. Intraoral photographs and periapical and bitewing radiographs were obtained for further assessment by two evaluators. Descriptive statistics, McNemar, t-test, log rank (Mantel-Cox) tests and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed (a = .05). The 5-year survival and success rates were 100% and 96.4%, respectively. The complications encountered were recurrent caries (2.2%) and the need for endodontic treatment (0.5%). No technical complications, such as fracture or loss of retention, were observed. The type of cement and patient-related factors did not influence the survival and success rates of the crowns. Survival rate of zirconia crowns cemented with two different self-adhesive resin cements was 100% after 5 years.

Pengenalan dan Pemanfaatan Limbah Kaca Menjadi Produk Bernilai

Glass waste is harmful if it is disposed of and mixed with other waste. A special disposal site is needed to avoid injuring the hands and feet of the garbage collectors, especially at the Final Disposal Site (TPA). Glass waste highly consists of silica (SiO2), which is needed in cement. Glass waste is crushed by a mechanical method using a crusher, creating glass powder with an average size of 54 µm. Cement is mixed with glass powder in a ratio of 4:1. Water cement factor (FAS) is used at 0.3. The partners in this community service activity are primary school-age children in Ateuk Lam Ura Village, Simpang Tiga District, and Aceh Besar District. The success of the resulting product is indicated by its compressive strength, the hardening of cement and glass powder, and the product's visual appearance without any visible pores. The product has good strength and looks neat with a solid surface. The compressive strength of the product obtained is 3.21. Partners are interested and can apply glass waste to flower pots properly.

Onyx Stone Waste As a Replacement of Coarse Aggregate In Concrete Mixture

To overcome the waste problem, the onyx and marble industries in Tulungagung are abundant and have the potential to be used as aggregates in concrete mixes designed as concrete. The compressive strength study was carried out on 30 concrete cylindrical specimens measuring 15x30 cm, tested at 28 days. The concrete mixture was planned to reach a strength of 20 MPa with a value of Water Cement Factor (W/C ratio); of 0.4. The results showed that the compressive strength of onyx reached the target, the strength ratio was almost the same as that of ordinary crushed coarse aggregate, and the difference was about 17% from the value of the compressive strength of standard concrete. From these results, the use of onyx stone as a substitute for crushed stone can be used as concrete with more aesthetic value.

A unified effective medium modeling framework for quantitative characterization of hydrate reservoirs

Quantitative characterization of hydrate reservoirs is essential for evaluating hydrate resources and monitoring environmental hazards. Rock-physics models provide the theoretical basis for linking the hydrate saturation and distribution to the elastic properties. However, many of the existing models ignore the coupled effect of hydrate saturation and complex morphologies on the elastic behaviors and thereby fail to accurately describe hydrate reservoirs. To address these problems, the authors have proposed a unified effective medium modeling framework honoring multiple hydrate morphologies. In this framework, the manners in which the different types of hydrates interact with the sediment grains are characterized by different effective medium models. In addition to the hydrate saturation, the modeling results also reveal the effects of the cement factor, friction coefficient, incidence angle, lithology, and hydrate morphology on the elastic properties of the hydrate reservoirs. Then, five experimental data sets for synthetic methane and tetrahydrofuran hydrates formed under different conditions are used to validate the feasibility of the unified rock-physics modeling scheme. The good agreement between the theoretical predictions and laboratory data indicates that this method can effectively determine the hydrate occurrence mechanisms from the acoustic responses in different hydrate formation environments. On the basis of the constructed elastic rock-physics templates, multiple hydrate morphologies are determined with cluster analysis and then used for constraining the modeling scheme. Finally, the proposed modeling method is tested using sonic logs from Ignik Sikumi, North Slope of Alaska, and Hole U1518B, the northern Hikurangi margin, offshore New Zealand. The hydrate saturations estimated from the velocities are consistent with the interpretations based on resistivity and nuclear magnetic resonance logs, as well as chloride measurements, confirming the applicability and feasibility of our unified theoretical modeling framework.

Adhesion to a Zirconia-reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramic: Effects of Ceramic Surface Treatments and Resin Cements

This study had the objective to test the effect of ceramic surface treatments on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of different resin cements to a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS). ZLS blocks were sectioned, embedded in acrylic resin, and then allocated into nine groups considering two study factors: "ceramic surface treatment" (HF - hydrofluoric acid; EP - self-etching primer; TBS - tribochemical silica coating) and "resin cements" (nMDP - without MDP monomer; MDP - with MDP monomer; SA - self-adhesive). Starch tubes (n=36) were placed on the treated ceramic surface and the cement was applied. Starch tubes were removed after 24 hours of storage, and the specimens were thermocycled (5,000×; 5°C-55°C). Next, the μSBS test was performed using the wire-loop technique, and topographic and failure analyses were performed. The factors "ceramic surface treatment" and "resin cement" statistically influenced the μSBS results. Considering the surface treatment factor, the TBS produced statistically lower values when the MDP resin cement was applied, being only similar to the MDP plus EP group. For the resin cement factor, no difference was found for nMDP and SA groups, apart from the surface treatments. Failure analysis showed that the groups treated with EP had a greater number of pre-test failures. The surface treatments induced noteworthy topographic alterations when compared to control (no treatment). The ZLS ceramic surface treatment with tribochemical silica coating associated with the MDP-containing resin cement resulted in lower bond strength values.

Pemanfaatan Agregat Sungai Mata Allo Enrekang Sebagai Campuran Beton

Mata Allo River is located in Enrekang, South Sulawesi. a river that has a fairly abundant source of aggregate material that has been used by the local community as a concrete-making material in the construction of small-scale construction. This study aims to determine the development of concrete strength based on concrete compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity in normal quality concrete mixtures based on variations in the Water Cement Factor (FAS), namely Variations 0,49, 0,52 and 0,55 where the variation with the highest compressive strength is used to further testing. The Mix Design method used is the American Concrete Institute (ACI) method with a design concrete quality of 25 MPa. From the results of the study, the highest strength value was found in the FAS variation of 0,49 with an average compressive strength of 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days, respectively, with a compressive strength of 16,977 MPa, 23,301 MPa, 25,276 MPa, and 26,691 MPa. The results of the research carried out, the characteristics produced from the Mata Allo river meet the SNI specification standard to be used as a concrete mixture.

UJI KUAT TEKAN BATA BETON UNTUK PASANGAN DINDING DENGAN CAMPURAN LIMBAH STYROFOAM (EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE)

Based on statistics on the amount of waste in DKI Jakarta, until plastic is in the third rank after organic waste and paper. In this study, the dimensions, bulk weight, flexural strength and compressive strength of concrete bricks for wall pairs will be tested. The main materials for making concrete bricks are cement, fine aggregate and water. Styrofoam waste will be used as a substitute for fine aggregate with variations in the percentages used, namely 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. Using the test object in the form of a beam with a length of 390 mm, a width of 90 mm and a thickness of 100 mm. Water cement factor 0.4. Testing the test object at the age of 28 days. Dimensional test results on all variations have met the requirements. The average compressive strength of concrete bricks with variations of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% styrofoam mixture at the age of 28 days, respectively, is 74,87 kg/cm2, 42,28 kg/cm2, 44,28 kg/ cm2 and 35,45 kg/cm2. The average flexural strength of concrete bricks with variations of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% styrofoam mixtures at the age of 28 days, respectively, is 1,204 N/mm2, 0,473 N/mm2, 0,705 N/mm2 and 0,962 N/mm2.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ABU DAUN BAMBU SEBAGAI PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN SEMEN TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG BAHAN AJAR MATA KULIAH TEKNOLOGI BETON

The purpose of this study was to determine the compressive strength of concrete using bamboo leaf ash as a partial replacement of cement with a target compressive strength of 25 MPa at the age of 28 days with the use of water cement factor (FAS) 0,5 and variation percentage levels of bamboo leaf ash that be used are 0%, 5%, 7%, 9%, and 11% of the total weight of cement. The The amboo leaf ash used comes from Andong bamboo species. In this study use the experimental method with cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm as many as 3 samples in each percentage level of bamboo leaf ash. Concrete mix design refers to SNI 03-2834-2000. The results obtained indicate that bamboo leaf ash can increase the compressive strength of concrete when compared to the control concrete in this study even though the increase is not too large. The compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days at 0%, 5%, 7%, 9%, and 11% percentages levels of bamboo leaf ash were 16,448 MPa ; 18,768 MPa ; 18,297 MPa ; 14,958 MPa ; dan 12,827 MPa.

Effect of Nano Calcium Carbonate on Some Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete

Concrete is the most commonly used construction material, and its use is expected to rise as the world’s population grows, the economy develops, and aging infrastructure needs to be repaired or replaced. Unfortunately, one of its main constituents, cement, is responsible for approximately 5–10% of global carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, the industry as a whole and the specific material are in desperate need of re-evaluation. In this research, the effects of Nano calcium carbonate (NC) on some properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC) was studied. Nano calcium carbonate (NC) was added at rates(0.75, 1, and 1.5)%. As a partial replacement of cement weight. Reactive powder concrete (RPC) was developed from cement, nano CaCO3, recycled fly ash, silica fume, fine sand, steel fibers, superplasticizer, and water. Compressive strength tests, tensile strength tests, flexural strength were conducted at 7 and 28 days. Water absorption was specified at the age of 28 days. The results showed the addition of NC to the RPC improved the mechanical properties compared with the mixture without NC. also, the incorporating of nano-CaCO3 in RPC will contribute in produced RPC more environmentally friendly by reducing its cement factor, While achieving good engineering properties.

Effect of GGBFS on Compressive Strength, Porosity, and Absorption in Mortars

This research aims to determine the influence of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) as an ingredient partially added cement in the making of mortar against compressive strength, porosity, and absorption of mortar. This method of research uses experimental methods. The Mortar mixture used is 1 PC: 2 PS and 0.5 cement factor. GGBFS variations are used at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the weight of cement. This research used cubes with a size 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm with a sample amount of 36 pieces with a test age of 7 days. The research results gained compressive strength mortar than mortar control, but at a percentage of 30%, GGBFS bagasse ash in a portion of cement has decreased in strength. Compressive strength at the age of 7 days obtained 10.93 MPa; 11.73 MPa; 17.33 MPa; 10.8 MPa; 16.27 MPa, and 16.8 MPa. The compressive strength the maximum average found in the variation of 20% and a variation of 20% GGBFS is a variation that meets the Type M Mortar plan’s compressive strength of 17.2 MPa.

Making bioreceptive concrete: Formulation and testing of bioreceptive concrete mixtures

Increased urbanisation will put an increasing strain on our green spaces, which is expected to have a significant effect on our physical and mental health, as well as the health of our ecosystems. As such it is important to integrate more green spaces in our urban fabric. One way of doing this is by making use of so-called bioreceptive concrete on our façades and other structures, which allows for biological growth to take place on the concrete substrate itself, without requiring any additional systems or maintenance. However, the challenge is to create an affordable concrete mixture that is sufficiently bioreceptive for biological growth to take place. As such, in our research we test four possible measures to make concrete more bioreceptive: changing the aggregate to CEC (crushed expanded clay), adding bone ash to the mixture, increasing the wcf (water cement factor) and using a surface retarder on the concrete. Of these measures, changing the aggregate to CEC (p = 0.024), the addition of bone ash (p = 0.022) and the use of a surface retarder (p < 0.001) were found to significantly increase bioreceptivity. Increasing the wcf factor, however, was not found to significantly increase bioreceptivity (p = 0.429). It was also found that whereas it was previously though a pH below 10 is necessary for biological growth to take place, this does not appear to be the case. Although further research under natural conditions is necessary, the creation of an inexpensive bioreceptive concrete looks to be feasible.

The Effect Of Adding Latex And Hair Fiber On Concrete

Along with the development of the construction world, the need for concrete is increasing and the scale of development shows that there will also be more and more concrete needs in the future, thus affecting the development of concrete technology which will demand new innovations regarding the concrete itself. In the construction of high-rise buildings required concrete with high compressive strength. However, to get good quality concrete, high costs are also required. So in this study, an economical additional material will be used which will be added to the concrete in the form of latex and hair fiber.&#x0D; Testing of materials and test objects is carried out in accordance with the applicable Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The latex used is liquid latex. First, the hair fiber is washed in order to clean the dirt and debris attached and then dried in the sun for 2 days, then cut to a size of ± 30 mm. By adding latex with variations of 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% it is expected to achieve a concrete quality of 20 MPa and by adding 2% hair fiber and latex with variations of 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% is expected to achieve a concrete quality of 20 MPa. The research object used a cylinder with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm with the addition of 48 pieces of latex which were tested at the age of 28 days, cylinder with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm with the addition of latex and hair fiber as many as 18 pieces were tested at the age of 7 days, and a beam without reinforcement with a length of 60 cm, width 15 cm and height of 15 cm with the addition of latex and hair fiber as much as 3 pieces The Water Cement Factor (FAS) in this study was locked at 0.5. This study was intended to obtain the value of compressive strength, split tensile strength, concrete absorption, slump value in cylinders and flexural strength values ​​in unreinforced beams. From the test results, it was found that the slump value decreased due to the addition of the latex additive and increased due to the addition of the latex and hair fiber additives and then increased along with the increase in the additional variation. The absorption of concrete also decreased with the addition of the latex additive and increased with the addition of the latex additive and hair fiber. The most optimum compressive strength results were obtained in concrete with the addition of 0.75% latex variation, an increase of 13.226% from normal concrete while the most optimum compressive strength results were obtained in concrete with the addition of 0.75% latex variation and 2% hair fiber reduced by 0.94% from normal concrete.

Compressive Behavior of Concrete Incorporating Clay Brick Fines Added by Paste Replacement Method

Urbanization in China has been producing a huge quantity of construction and demolition waste, of which clay brick waste accounts for a substantial proportion. For reducing waste disposal, the clay brick waste has been reutilized in concrete production by employing the aggregate replacement or cement replacement methods. However, with these methods, the clay brick waste tends to have an adverse effect on the mechanical performance of the concrete produced, especially at high replacement rate. Herein, a novel method, the paste replacement method (PRM), was applied, in which clay brick fines (CBF) were made by crushing and grinding clay brick waste and reused to partially replace the cementitious paste (water + cementitious materials). The compressive behavior of the concrete produced was tested. The results showed that the CBF added based on PRM increased compressive strength and elastic modulus, caused little change to Poisson’s ratio, and decreased the lateral dilation of the concrete. More importantly, it reduced the cement content by up to 29.4% and the cement factor (cement content to strength ratio) by up to 62.3%.

Internal and External Effects of Sodium Sulfate on the Strength of Soil Cement

In coastal industrial zones with saturated loose soil, sulfate attack is an additional problem. The problem becomes more acute when using soil cement, because an undesirable sulfate content can enter the body of the element with the material used to create it. This research includes two parts. In the first part, the effects of internal and external sulfate attack are compared in simulation of four groups of elements: control, prefabricated, cast-in-place and soil–cement. In the second part, the effects of the sulfate-resistant cement content (100–400 kg/m3) and sulfate concentration (0–5%) on behavior of cement-stabilized sand specimens were examined. In both parts, the unconfined compressive strength of the cylindrical specimens was measured over the course of 362 days. The results of part one showed that internal attack had a significant effect on decreasing the strength of the soil–cement specimens (up to 70%) compared to prefabricated (about 40%) and cast-in-place (about 20%) specimens. The results of the second part showed a logarithmic trend in the variation of strength versus the cement factor and sulfate concentration over time.

A parametric study on behavior of plastic concrete material in earth dams

In the current research, the mechanical behavior of plastic concrete in cut-off walls of embankment dams has been investigated. To do so, several triaxial compression tests have been carried out on the specimens with various mix designs under different confining pressures. It has been observed that the compressive strength of such a material increases dramatically with the confining pressures applied on the samples. Moreover, the material behavior is substantially dependent on the confining pressure values; so that, as the confining pressure increases, the material behavior intends to be more ductile. Furthermore, a parametric study has been done to investigate the influence of mix design on these materials. The results showed that the strength and elasticity modulus of plastic concrete increase with the increase of cement factor and decrease of bentonite content. However, the rate of increase is apparently dependent on the mix design changes.