Celosia Trigyna Research Articles

Assessment of Traditional Way of Value Addition Practices on Processing of Milk and Milk Products in Selected Districts of South Omo Zone

The study was carried out to evaluate, identify, and characterize various traditional milk preservative plants and investigate their indigenous techniques of handling, processing and preserving in the South-Ari and Maale districts. Data were collected from 196 households by purposive sampling, interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS. More than 12 indigenous preservative plants that were commonly used by the respondents were identified and collected. In the South-Ari district all (100%) respondents used plant species of Lippia adoensis Hochst, Cordia Monoica Roxb., Leucas Deflexa Hook.f and Satureja Paradoxa, while in the Maale district 63.5% of the respondents used only fresh Balanites Aegyptiaca leaves to clean the milk utensils while 36.5% used fresh leaves of Solanum Incanu, Hoslundia Opposita, Balanites Aegyptiaca, Lantana Camara, and Celosia Trigyna. as washing milking and storage vessels. About 96% of the plants frequently used to smoke milk equipment in the South-Ari district were Clerodendrum Myricoides, Eucalyptus Globulus and Olea Africana while almost all (99%) households in the Maale district smoked milk utensils with Balanites aegyptiaca, Solanum Incanum, Lantana Camara, and Ocimum Forskolei Benth. The application methods were through rubbing, burning, and both burning and immersion in the milk vessels. The main cause of the loss of milk after harvest in the South Ari (93.7%) and Maale (40%) districts was milk spoilage. The majority of the 92% in South-Ari and 66.7% in Maale respondents minimize milk spoilage by consuming early or selling to the market. It could be concluded that the herbal plants identified in this study required further examination and their impact on the health of consumers should be studied in detail.

A Comparative Study of Dichloromethane and Ethyl Acetate Root Extracts of <i>Celosia trigyna</i>: Phytochemical and Wound Healing Effect Analyses

Background: <i>Celosia</i> species have been validated to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant potential. This study was thus designed to comparatively determine the effect of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate root extracts of <i>Celosia trigyna</i> on Wistar rat wounds created by 8 mm biopsy punches.Methods: Phytochemical screening was performed on dichloromethane and ethyl acetate root extracts of <i>C. trigyna</i>. For animal studies, 25 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (group A-E; n=5). Group A served as the negative control, group B as a positive control, group C received dichloromethane extract (once/day), group D ethyl acetate extract (once/day), and group E was the vehicle control. All extracts and medication were administered topically. Wound area, wound contraction, period of epithelialization, macroscopic analysis, and histological examination were studied.Results: Phytochemical screening showed that saponins and terpenoids were particularly high in dichloromethane extracts while ethyl acetate extracts were highly rich in terpenoids. The results of wound areas, wound contraction, periods of epithelialization, and macroscopic and histological analyses showed that dichloromethane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and penicillin-treated groups showed better remediation respectively in order of efficacy compared to the negative and vehicle control groups. The histological examination revealed an evidence of tissue regeneration and collagen deposition in the extract-treated groups compared to the positive, negative, and vehicle control groups.Conclusion: In conclusion, both extracts of <i>C. trigyna</i> have a better healing potential compared to penicillin treatment with dichloromethane extract having a better wound healing potential than the ethyl acetate extract.

Evaluation of Extractive Values, Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Constituents of Red Soko (Celosia Trigyna) and Green Soko (Celosia argentea)

Medicinal plants are indispensable sources of bioactive compounds and have proved to be stalwart ingredients for a wide range of applications. The potency of five different solvents in extracting bioactive constituents; qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemicals of red soko and green soko were studied. The plant were cut into smaller pieces, air-dried, ground into powdery sample, sieved with 40 mm mesh size and properly labelled. Each sample was extracted using five different solvents (acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) at ratio 1: 10 for 72 h. Each solvent extract was screened for nine phytochemicals (flavonoid, carotenoid, phenol, oxalate, tannin, saponin, alkaloid, phytate and ascorbic acid). It was observed that the plant extract contained seven phytochemicals in both red and green soko. The highest extractive values and qualitative screening of phytochemicals in red soko and green soko were obtained in water and methanol extracts. Quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that there was higher content of saponin, phytate and ascorbic acid in the two vegetables. Red soko contained lower ascorbic acid, saponin, total phenol, total carotenoid, alkaloid and flavonoid than green soko while green soko had lower phytate and tannin than red soko. There was no significant difference (P˂0.05) in flavonoids, total carotenoid and alkaloid contents in red soko and in green soko there was no significant difference (P˂0.05) in total carotenoid and alkaloid contents.

Biosynthesis, Characterization and Biological Applications of Silver Nanoparticles using Celosia trigyna and Solanum nigrum Extracts: Neglected Vegetables in Nigeria

Plant-mediated synthesis is gaining acceptance in many fields i.e. biology and pharmaceutical fields. This aim of this study is synthesizing Ag nanoparticles using air-dried leaves of two (2) neglected vegetables i.e. Celosia trigyna and Solanum nigrum. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The anti-inflammatory properties of these AgNPs were evaluated using Cell Stabilization Membrane (CSM) and lipoxidase assays, their antioxidant activity were established on DPPH and ABTS+ assays. The positive control employed are indomethacin and ascorbic acid for these activities. Nanoparticles synthesized were labelled for Celosia trigyna (CT-AgNPs) and Solanum nigrum (SN-AgNPs) were noticed through visual color change. The UV–Vis spectra of the synthesized nanoparticles displayed absorption bands at around 360-440 nm, which is a characteristic band for Ag and FTIR displayed possible functional groups responsible for Ag nanoparticles synthesized by these plants. The SEM image of the AgNPs formed displayed were spherical in morphology. CT-AgNPs exhibited the most significant inhibitory activity against HRBC (IC50: 32.2 µg/ml) while SN-AgNPs displayed the most significant inhibitory activity against lipoxygenases (IC50: 32.8 µg/ml) when compared to the positive control used indomethacin (IC50: 28.1 µg/ml). SN-AgNPs exhibited the most significant antioxidant effect against ABTS (IC50: 11.4 µg/ml) while CT-AgNPs displayed the most significant antioxidant activity against DPPH (IC50: 4.6 µg/ml) when compared to the positive control used ascorbic acid (IC50: 4.7 µg/ml). This work showed that the synthesized AgNPs from non-cultivated vegetable can find relevance and application in health, drugs, food and environmental science.

Dust Pollution Reduced Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthetic Pigments of Selected Medicinal Plants Growing at Lokpa Ukwu Quarry Site in Abia State, Nigeria

Aims: We investigated the influence of dust pollution on stomatal conductance and photosynthetic pigments in some medicinal plants growing at Lokpa Ukwu quarry site, Abia State, Nigeria.
 Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from Lokpa Ukwu, Abia State while laboratory analyses were carried out in the Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, University of Nigeria, Nsukka between February and April, 2019.
 Methodology: A total of nine (9) plants were sampled for the study. Leaf epidermises were prepared by clearing method and stomata were observed and studied quantitatively. Stomatal conductance was estimated from the anatomical variables following standard procedures. Total chlorophyll and β-carotene contents were also analysed and compared with control groups.
 Results: We observed some physiological changes in the plants from dust-polluted site such as stretched epidermal cells, deformed stomata and plasmolysed guard cells. It reduced the potential conductance indices (PCI) of the plants by 87.4% in Aspilia africana and 67% in Chromolaena odorata. The least reduction in PCI was observed in Celosia trigyna (7.2%). Operating conductance (gop) and maximum conductance (gmax) were reduced by 69.2% and 72.3% in C. odorata and A. africana respectively. Celosia trigyna was least affected with percentage reductions of 18.3% and 1.4% for gop and gmax respectively. Reduction in PCI and gmax followed the order: C. trigyna ˂ C. papaya ˂ P. discoideus ˂ D. oliveri ˂ T. rhomboidea ˂ T. orientalis ˂ V. doniana ˂ C. odorata ˂ A. africana. Total chlorophyll and β-carotene contents were reduced the most in V. doniana (45.73%) and C. odorata (40.31%) respectively and least reduced in T. orientalis by 19.54% and 13.24% respectively.
 Conclusion: Our findings validate previous reports of negative effects of dust pollution from quarry industries on both humans and plants alike.

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of <i>Celosia trigyna</i> (Linn) Extracts African Extinction Vegetable

Celosia trigyna recognized as a known ancient vegetable unfortunately unpopular in this modern age. In this study, antioxidant activities of Celosia trigyna leaves were evaluated in crude extract (methanol) and different fractions; chloroform, hexane, methanol and ethylacetate. Antioxidant evaluation were established using total antioxidant activity (phosphomolybdeum) and antiradical scavenging activity (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) methods. C. trigyna leaves showed the highest values of Total phenolics content (TP) (0.162mg, Rutin equivalent per g methanol fraction) while the lowest value of TP (0.092mg ± 0.001 GAEg-1) was recorded in the chloroform fraction. Ethylacetate fraction of C. trigyna leave extract was highest (0.192 ± 0.003mg GAEg-1) in Total Antioxidant Activity. Interestingly the C. trigyna methanol fraction exhibited the highest percentage inhibition for both DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activities of 89.22% and 88.24% respectively at concentration 0.6mg/ml. All the fractions including the C. trigyna crude methanol extract showed strong scavenging activity on DPPH as the concentration increases while the scavenging activity of the C. trigyna leaves methanol extract and fractions were high at 0.6mg/ml concentration. C. trigyna is presented as an alternative natural antioxidant to synthetic antioxidants used in foods and pharmaceutical industries.

Elemental distribution in the edible leaves of Celosia trigyna from the western and northern regions of Nigeria

Celosia trigyna, which belongs to the plant family Amaranthaceae, is a plant used in traditional medicine to treat several conditions such as sores, chest pains, diarrhoea and menstrual cramps in many countries in Africa. It is also consumed by the local people in Nigeria as soups, sauces and stews. In this study, the distribution and bioaccumulation of the elements in C. trigyna species and growth soil from the western and northern regions of Nigeria was investigated to determine the effects of geographical location on the uptake of elements by the plant. Elemental concentrations in the leaves from the western region were found to be in decreasing order of Ca > Mg > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Ni. Concentrations of elements in the leaves from the northern region were found to be in decreasing order of Ca > Mg > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > As > Pb > Ni > Co > Cd. Proximate analysis of leaves from both regions compared well with the recommended dietary allowance making the leaves safe for human consumption. Principal component analysis was used to group elements having the same sources irrespective of their geographical locations. Cd, Co and Cr were not detected in the leaves from the western region. Concentrations of As and Pb were above maximum permissible limits in both regions, while Ayegunle and Bida (in the northern region) had the highest concentrations of Cd. The high level of these toxic metals may be attributed to anthropogenic activities. It is therefore important that the Nigerian agricultural extension system emphasizes the dangers of heavy metal contamination in leafy vegetables to farmers. Activities of the manufacturing industries in the study area should be adequately monitored under standard environmental protection laws.

Antioxidant and proximate properties of underutilized vegetables in western Nigeria

The discovery and utilisation of the wide range of medicinal plant resources is vital towards improved global health care delivery system. There is paucity of information of the antioxidant profile and nutritional properties of diverse indigenous vegetables in Nigeria. This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and proximate composition of six indigenous underutilized vegetables of southwest Nigeria: Solanum americanum, Jatropha gossypifolia, Bidens pilosa, Launea taraxacifolia, Celosia trigyna and Cucurbita maxima. The vegetables were harvested, dried and their water extracts investigated for total antioxidants, phenolics, flavonoids, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), scavenging activities and proximate compositions using standard procedures. Data were analysed using ANOVA at α 0.05. Assessment of total phenolic content, total flavonoids, ferric acid antioxidant power, free radical scavenging activity and proximate compositions of the vegetables showed significant variations in their antioxidant potentials. Total phenolic content of the vegetables ranged from 173.33 to 993.33 mg 100 g(-1). Bidens pilosa had the highest while Cucurbita maxima had the least, and all of these vegetables were relatively high in phenolic content. Flavonoid content ranged from 40 to 1262 mg 100 g(-1) in the vegetables, the trend was Bidens pilosa > Jatropha gosssypifolia > Solanum americanum > Launea taraxacifolia > Cucurbita maxima > Celosia trigyna. Ferric reducing power was between 57.33 (J. gossypifoli) and 946.67 mg 100 g(-1) (L. taraxacifolia). DPPH scavenging activity was between 43.33 and 52.69%. Total antioxidant activity was highest for B. pilosa (325.23 mg 100 g(-1) while the least was for C. trigyna (88.74 mg 100 g(-1). Moisture contents of dried vegetables ranged from 9.8-12.93%, ash from 9.71-10.71 g 100 g(-1) and protein contents were high at 19.70-32.60 g 100 g(-1). Fat contents were low at 0.98-3.56% while crude fibre ranged from 8.46 (J. gossipyfolia) to 13.56 (L. taraxacifolia). The vegetables are good sources of antioxidants, protein and crude fibre and their consumption may enhance overall body health.

Antioxidant Activities and Food Value of Five Underutilized Green Leafy Vegetables in South Western Nigeria

Objectives: To determine the food value and antioxidant activities of five underutilized leafy vegetables namely: Bidens pilosa L.-Beggar’s ticks/ Cobbler’s pegs; Celosia trigyna L.- Woolflower; Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth) S. Moore - Fireweed/Redflower ragleaf; Launaea taracifolia (L.) Cars- Wild lettuce and Solanum nigrum L. - Black Nightshade/Sun berry. Materials and methods: Fresh shoots of the five vegetables were collected from the wild, cleaned and milled. Food values which include proximate, minerals, and vitamin C contents were analyzed following the routine chemical analytical methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect and phenolic compounds concentrations of the plants extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: The antioxidant activities and nutrient contents of the five vegetables showed variable trends and considerable high values. Across the vegetables, antioxidant activities ranged from 67.2% (L. taracifolia) to 91.8% (B. pilosa) at a concentration of 1mg/ml of the extracted material. The total phenol contents were between 5953.5±1.5 and 10193.5±0.5 mg/100g. The flavonoid contents varied from 3438±1.00 to 4974±1.00 mg/100g. Anthocyanin content in mg/100g ranged from 0.385±0.005 to 5.065±0.015 while Proanthocyanidin content varied from 0.125±0.05 to 2.050±0.15 in the extract powder. Crude protein values ranged from 3.5 to 9.16 g/100g, Carbohydrate contents varied from 1.09 to 9.43 g/100g while ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) compositions ranged from 27.2 to 87.3 mg/100g. Ca content ranged from 31.23 to 54.90 mg/100g, while Fe content varied from 21.25 to 139.75 mg/100g. Conclusion: The vegetables contained appreciable quantities of protein, iron, calcium and vitamin C. The antioxidant activities and phenolic antioxidant contents of the vegetables were also high. The health claims associated with some of these food values and bioactive compounds are noteworthy, thereby underlining the potential role of these underutilized vegetables as functional foods.

Cytotoxicity evaluation of selected Nigerian plants used in traditional cancer treatment

Herbal medicines have received much attention as a source of new anticancer drugs. However, scientific studies have been conducted to a limited extent with few medicinal plants. This study investigates the cytotoxic activity of some Nigerian medicinal plants used locally in the treatment of cancer. The ethanolic extracts of five plants were evaluated using the MTT assay on the HT29 and MCF-7 cell lines. Sapium ellipticum leaves showed a greater cytotoxic activity than Combretum paniculatum, Celosia trigyna, Drymaria cordataand Cyathula prostata and it was comparable to the activity of the reference compound Cisplatin in the MCF-7 cell line. In the HT29 cell line, all the plants showed less than 50% activity at 500 µg/ml. The results showed that Sapium exhibited a greater cytotoxic activity than all the plants tested and this provides scientific evidence to support the traditional use of the plant. Key words: Sapium, traditional medicine, cytotoxicity, cancer, cisplatin.

Cytotoxic activity of selected Nigerian plants

Cancer is one of the most prominent human diseases which has stimulated scientific and commercial interest in the discovery of new anticancer agents from natural sources. The current study investigates the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of sixteen Nigerian plants used locally for the treatment of cancer using the MTT assay on the HeLa cell line. Sapium ellipticum leaves showed activity comparable to the reference compound Cisplatin and greater cytotoxic activity than Combretum paniculatum, Celosia trigyna, Drymaria cordata, Cyathula achyranthoides and Cyathula prostata. Justica extensa, Pupalia lappacea, Hedranthera barteri leaves, Alternanthera sessilis, Ethulia conyzoides leaves, Combretum zenkeri root, Sapium ellipticum stembark and Lannea nigritana stembark showed very low activity while Combretum molle, Adenanthera parvoniana and Lannea acida showed no activity. The results justify the use of Sapium, Combretum, Celosia, Drymaria and Cyathula in traditional treatment of cancer.

Cadmium, copper and nickel levels in vegetables from industrial and residential areas of Lagos City, Nigeria

The levels of cadmium, copper and nickel in five different edible vegetables, Talinum triangulare, Celosia trigyna, Corchorus olitorus, Venomia amygydalina and Telfaria accidentalis, and the soils in which they were grown, from three industrial and three residential areas of Lagos City, Nigeria, were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results obtained for these three heavy metals from the industrial areas were higher than those of the residential areas as a result of pollution. Industrial area results for vegetables ranged between 1.13 and 1.67 μg/g for cadmium; 25.08 and 56.84 μg/g for copper and 1.33 and 2.06 μg/g for nickel. There were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the levels of copper and nickel in all the vegetables studied from industrial and residential areas, while there was no statistically significant difference for cadmium. The results also show that Corchorus olitorus (bush okra) has the ability to accumulate more copper and nickel than the other vegetable studied but has the least ability to accumulate cadmium.

Cadmium, copper and nickel levels in vegetables from industrial and residential areas of Lagos City, Nigeria

The levels of cadmium, copper and nickel in five different edible vegetables viz Talinum triangulare, Celosia trigyna, Corchorus olitorus, Venomia amygydalina and Telfaria accidentalis, and the soils on which they were grown from three industrial and three residential areas of Lagos City, in Nigeria, were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry . The results obtained for these heavy metals from the industrial areas were higher than those of the residential areas as a result of pollution. Industrial area results for vegetables ranged between 1.13 – 1.67_g/g for cadmium; 56.84 – 25.08_g/g for copper and 2.06 - 1.33_g/g for nickel. There was statistically significant differences (P

048 Collection and Evaluation of Four Varieties of Celosia trigna

Celosia trigyna has become an underutilized species of Celosia in Nigeria, it is known to be medicinal and very nutritive. It is therefore intended that with their collection and evaluation, they could be domesticated. So far four varieties have been identified and described. All of them have a high tendency of shattering of the seeds from the inflorescence. The plant structure for all of them is prostrate, the varieties described are: NHcta01, NHcta03, NHcta4, and NHcta7. It was dicovered that compared with C. argentea, they branch profusely and the leaves are smaller and ovate rather than lancolate.