Cellulosic Textile Materials Research Articles

Production of cellulosic textile materials with antimicrobial properties

This article presents data on the development of cellulose textile materials with antimicrobial properties using zinc acetate and alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. Cellulose textile materials are promising carriers of antimicrobial agents. These fabrics have good absorbability, which facilitates their treatment with antimicrobial agents and ensures easy passage and retention of flow and wound compartments. The aim of this work is to obtain cellulose textile materials with antimicrobial properties. Studies on the effect of the proposed compositions on the coefficient of resistance to microbiological destruction of cellulose textile materials have been carried out. The effect of various antimicrobial preparations on the microbiological resistance of textiles has been studied. The properties and structure of the objects of research, as well as the mechanism of interaction of the applied components have been studied. The studies have shown that the modified cellulose textile materials acquire antimicrobial properties and are not destroyed by microorganisms under operating conditions while maintaining optimal physical and mechanical properties, hygienic properties, stable antimicrobial effect, ensuring safety of use, as well as protection from the impact of pathogenic microflora. The advantage of the developed compositions is the availability of the materials used and a simple technological process for the production of biostable cellulose textile materials of different weave and different surface density.

Solvent-based stripping method for dyed cellulosic textiles

The post-consumer textile waste may contain several dyes, and it is difficult to predict the type of dye present in it. The chemistry of dyes and their bonding with textiles are not similar; therefore, colour can be stripped off using a specific method pertaining to a specific dye-fibre combination. However, the common decolourisation method will be highly sought-after to solve such limitations. The present investigation deals with the combined stripping of cellulosic textile materials dyed with Direct, Reactive, Vat and Sulphur dyes, followed by optimisation. Sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrosulphite were used as stripping agents together with a solvent and water mixture during the process of stripping. The optimised recipe obtained was 20 g/l sodium hydroxide and 20 g/l sodium hydrosulphite at 90 °C for 20 min with a 50/50 water/DMSO (Dimethylsulphoxide) ratio. It has been found that solvent-based and conventional stripping perform equally well on direct and reactive dyed fabrics. However, conventional stripping cannot remove vat and sulphur dyes. Contrarily, the same colours showed greater than 90% stripping efficiency in solvent-based procedures.

Sustainable Textile Raw Materials: Review on Bioprocessing of Textile Waste via Electrospinning

The fashion and textile industry in its current fast-rising business model has generated a huge amount of textile waste during and after the production process. The environmental impact of this waste is well documented as it poses serious threats to lives on earth. To confront the menace of this huge pollution problem, a number of research works were carried out to examine the possible re-utilization of these waste materials without further damaging the environment; for instance, reusing, generating valuable products, or regenerating fibrous materials to form a closed loop in the cotton textile waste lifecycle. This review covers different methodologies to transform cellulosic textile materials into various products with added value, such as cellulosic glucose, cellulase, etc., and finally, to regenerate the fibrous materials for re-application in textiles and fashion. This article presents an overall picture to researchers outlining the possible value addition of textile waste materials. Furthermore, the regeneration of cellulosic fibrous materials from textile waste will be brought into the limelight.

Cellulosic Textile Materials Functionalization with Formic Acid and Improvement of their Properties

Formic acid, commonly used in bioprocesses of cellulosic polymeric materials, has been considered for the treatment of cellulose-based textile. Therefore, different concentrations of formic acid (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g L-1) were used to treat cotton (CO) and viscose (CV) fabrics to improve their properties. Weight variation, tensile strength, stiffness, drape coefficient, crease recovery angle, and vertical wicking of the treated substrates were assessed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) analysis confirmed the acid hydrolysis process of the cellulosic substrates treated with formic acid solutions. Formic acid solutions with concentrations equal to 30 g L-1 and 40 g L-1 are the most adequate to treat the CV and CO fabrics, respectively. In addition, the fabrics treated under optimal conditions were dyed with the reactive dye Levafix Blue CA. The dyeing properties were assessed through colour absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient (K/S) values. A clear improvement in the fastness and dyeing performance of the treated substrates was observed. Finally, the antibacterial properties of the treated substrates were evaluated, for the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It was found that only cotton substrates treated with a 40 g L-1 formic acid solution could be classified as weak decontaminants against S. aureus bacteria.

Decolorization potential of reactive dyes by using galvanising industry’s waste (aluminum hydroxide sludge) depending on dye chromophore

The galvanising industry’s wastewater treatment facilities generate waste metal hydroxide. These sludges have the potential to be used to remove textile dyes from effluents. In this study, three reactive dyes, which are frequently used in cellulosic textile materials’ dyeing, Remazol Turquoise Blue G 133% (CI RB21), Remazol Red 3B (CI RR23), and Remazol Red 3BS 133% (CI RR239) were used to investigate the color removal efficiency of aluminum hydroxide sludge (AHS) depending on dye chromophore. Adsorption studies were conducted under varying conditions of pH, initial dye concentrations, and AHS doses. The characteristics of the AHS were examined by SEM (EDX and DX-Mapping), BET, XRD, and FTIR. The maximum dye removal was achieved at pH 3 for CI RB21, and at pH 5 for CI RR239 and CI RR23. Over 90% of dye removal was obtained for CI RR239 and CI RB21, when the adsorbent dosages were 8 g/l and 5 g/l, respectively. For CI RR23, the highest color removal percentage was only 72.7%, when the dosage of adsorbent was 10 g/l. It was also determined that at 500 mg/l initial CI RB21 dye concentration, the removal percentage of CI RB21 reached 95%, while the maximum removal percentages (95% for CI RR239 and 68.3% for CI RR23) were achieved at the 200 mg/l and 100 mg/l initial dye concentrations for CI RR239 and CI RR23, respectively. In the study, it was observed that the number of sulfo groups affecting the ionic charge of dye molecules and molecular weights of the dyes have a significant effect on the dye removal efficiency.

Modification of Cellulose Textile Materials with Zinc-Oxide Nanoparticles and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Properties

Methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) of zinc oxide in an aqueous-alcohol medium are described. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is shown that NPs with a size of 5–49 nm are formed. Optimal conditions for the treatment of cellulose materials with aqueous solutions of zinc-oxide NPs are developed. SEM studies confirm the presence of zinc-oxide NPs on the surface of cellulose materials, which are rather unevenly distributed. Antimicrobial activity is assessed by the degree of inhibition of bacterial growth (Escherichia coli) on materials treated with zinc-oxide NPs compared to the control samples. Cellulose materials modified with zinc oxide NPs are shown to have antibacterial activity against bacteria and molds.

Development of Water Repellency on Jute Fabric by Chemical Means for Diverse Textile Uses

Jute is one of the natural cellulosic textile materials. It has many advantageous properties similar to cotton. Jute fibre has potential to impart different functionality by different chemical finishing for its diversification. In this research, Water repellent jute fabrics have been prepared by treating Nova TTC (fluorocarbon compound) different ratio and to find out the best formulation recipe. Treating fabrics have been impaired with a water repellent characteristic and showing good rating result on jute fabric .This water repellent fabric was suitable of various jute products for diverse textile uses.

Easy-Care Finishing of Cotton Fiber with DMDHEU - Crosslinking Agent for High Crease Recovery Angle and Low Washing Shrinkage Properties

Easy care finishing of textile materials is one of textile chemical finishing processes to make cellulosic textile materials crease free and dimensionally stable in its service life or during wear. Woven and knitted cellulosic textile fabrics are totally submerged in DMDHEU crosslinking agent with the concentration of 35 – 60 g/l and 30 – 50 g/l for woven and knitted fabrics respectively. In this treatment magnesium chloride is used as catalyst. Then, drying at 110 °C and curing at 150 °C for 3 min. This study shows the relationship between different level of concentrations of DMDHEU and catalysts on different textile properties such as CRA, strength and abrasion loss, washing shrinkage and stiffness. IR analysis also used in the research work. In this finding, in general, crease recovery angle - CRA, abrasion loss, stiffness increases as the concentration of DMDHEU and the catalyst increases whereas air permeability and water capillary rise, washing shrinkage decreases in woven cotton fabric. On the other hand, CRA, abrasion loss and air permeability as the concentration of DMDHEU and the catalyst increases whereas the wales and course washing resistance and water capillary rise diminished in knitted fabric.

Silver Nanoparticles: Dependence of the Antimicrobial Activity on the Synthesis Conditions

Specific features of the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction with agents differing in the reducing ability were studied using spectrophotometry, photon correlation spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy methods. The antimicrobial activity of the silver-containing sols synthesized was evaluated in tests with clinical strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), and its dependence on the reduction conditions and, accordingly, on the size of the resultant particles was revealed. The synthesized sols of silver nanoparticles with sizes below 50 nm proved efficient in protecting cellulosic textile materials against attacks by natural complex of microflora and by soil microflora.

CELLULOSE MATERIALS MODIFIED BY SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND THE STUDY OF THEIR ANTIBACTE-RIAL PROPERTIES

The article discusses a method for producing silver nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solutions by reducing sodium borohydride in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol; selected optimal conditions for the synthesis. The resulting silver NPs have a spherical shape, with a diameter of from 30 to 130 nm. NPs are stable, do not precipitate and do not change color for 3–4 weeks. Electron microscopic images confirm the formation of a thin polymer film on the surface of cellulose fiber and show a change in the morphological surface of the treated samples compared to untreated ones. The energy dispersive microanalysis data showed that the raw cotton fabric contains C – 57.02%, O – 42.98%. After processing, nanoscale particles of silver are encapsulated on the surface of the fabric – 0.18–0.28%, which are distributed rather unevenly. Modification of cellulosic textile materials of silver NPs imparts a stable antimicrobial effect , as well as improves their physico-mechanical and hygienic properties. The air permeability indicators for cotton original fabric 180 dm3/m2×sec., For the treated composition based on polyvinyl alcohol, NaBH4, and silver nitrate – 175 dm3/m2×sec. The breaking load of the fabric is: for the initial – 311 N, for treated – within 320–360 N. The indicators of air permeability and strength characteristics of cotton fabric treated with the proposed composition comply with the regulatory requirements for this group of fabrics.

Innovative biologically active wound healing and hemostatic agents based on chitosan and collagen: development stages, medical and technical characteristics

Preservation of a consistently high number of domestic, industrial or military injuries, trophic ulcers, pressure sores, chronic wound defects in the morbidity structure makes the problem of effective and physiological healing of wounds extremely urgent. One of the most promising directions for solving this problem is the creation of wound healing and hemostatic agents of high efficiency (in comparison with traditional dressings from cellulose and non-woven textile materials) based on biologically active high-molecular natural and synthetic polymers with the immobilization of drugs with antibacterial, analgesic and necrolytic effects.Object: development of innovative biologically active wound healing and hemostatic agents based on chitosan and collagen.Materials and methods. As materials for determining medical and technical characteristics, new wound products were investigated: - means “Chitocol” performed by “Chitocol-S”, “Chitocol-CS”, “Chitocol-DA”, “Chitocol-CDA”, “Chitocol-SC”, “Chitocol-SCD”, sterile, “Chitocol-CSC”, “Chitocol-CSCD” with immobilized substances of colloidal silver, dioxidine and chymotrypsin; - means “Chitocol-Hemo” performed “Chitocol-Hemo C”, “Chitocol-Hemo CS”, “Chitocol-Hemo”, “Chitocol-Hemo S” with the immobilized substance colloidal silver. A preliminary preclinical evaluation of the effectiveness of the wound healing and antimicrobial effects of the prototype “Chitocol-CDA”, “Chitocol-CS” and “Chitocol-CSC” (porous plates 2×2×0.4 cm in size) in vivo was performed on white male Wistar rats weighing 180–200 g. The healing efficiency was evaluated on the basis of planimetric, hematological, histological research methods.Results. Quantitative indicators of medical and technical characteristics of the “Chitocol” and “Chitocol-Hemo” for use in the development of regulatory, technological and operational documentation on medical devices. An experimental study of wound dressings “Chitocol-CS”, “Chitocol-CDA” and “Chitocol-CSC” showed that their use leads to a reduction in the area of wounds by more than 90 % by 15 days of treatment, the maximum healing speed when applying the first two samples accounted for the first phase of the wound process (1–5 days), and in the group with purulent-necrotic process on 10–15 days of treatment. In the treatment of clean and infected wounds with the “Chitocol-CS” and “Chitocol-CDA” samples, complete healing and completion of the epithelization process began by 15 days, and in the group using “Chitocol-CSC” the proliferative phase of inflammation was in full swing.Conclusion. Quantitative indicators of medical and technical characteristics of innovative biologically active wound healing and hemostatic agents based on a (bio) polyelectrolyte complex of chitosan and collagen or chitosan with immobilized antimicrobial (dioxidine, colloidal silver), analgesic (anilokain) and proteolytic (chymotrypsin) positive results, as well preliminary preclinical study of wound healing agents with dioxidine and anilokain (“Chitocol-CDA”), colloidal silver (“Chitocol-CS”), colloidal silver and chymotrypsin (“Chitocol-CSC”) provide the basis for continuing work on toxicological, acceptance technical preclinical and clinical trials with the aim of experimental confirmation of the expected effectiveness and safety of the developed products.

Influence of Potassium Permanganate Oxidation on Structure and Properties of Cotton

ABSTRACT Cotton yarn was oxidized using the various concentrations and pH of potassium permanganate solutions, in order to investigate the influence of oxidation parameters on chemical, mechanical and sorption properties of cotton. The oxidation progress was monitored through weight loss, carbonyl and carboxyl group content, tensile strength, moisture sorption, crystallinity change, surface charge and morphology of modified samples. The carboxyl groups were introduced into the oxidized cotton up to 0.3 mmol·g−1, while the weight loss was up to 5%. The oxidized samples, compared with untreated cotton, exhibited lower tensile strength, higher moisture sorption and surface roughness. Surface charge was evaluated through measurement of zeta potential at different pH of electrolyte, and the correlation was established between carboxyl group content and zeta values measured at neutral pH, which proved that zeta potential can be a valuable tool for characterizing changes in the structure of oxidized cellulose textile materials.

ПРИДАНИЕ ОГНЕЗАЩИТНЫХ СВОЙСТВ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНЫМ ТЕКСТИЛЬНЫМ МАТЕРИАЛАМ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ЗОЛЬ - ГЕЛЬ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ

The article presents studies on the use of a new composition based on sodium silicate, urea and sodium hydrogen phosphate to impart fire-retardant properties to cellulosic textile materials. The influence of the concentration of the starting components, temperature, and heat treatment time on the flame retardant properties was studied. The change in the fire retardant properties of cotton fabric is given for three heat treatment modes: at 80, 90 and 100 °C. Compared to the initial fabric, the samples treated with a flame retardant have indicators of flame retardant properties. Untreated fabric with a size of 220×170 mm when tested for flammability at an ignition time of 15 s completely burns out in 60 s. In samples treated with a flame retardant, at an ignition time of 15 s, the smoldering time is practically reduced to zero. With an increase in the concentration of the flame retardant, and the temperature of the heat treatment, the loss of material strength, breaking load, and the appearance of the fabric change slightly. Using electron scanning microscopy and energy dispersive microanalysis, it was shown that pure cotton fabric contains 68.77% carbon and 31.22% oxygen; after modification, particles of sodium – 0.02%, phosphorus – 0.04% and potassium – 0.05% are formed on the surface of the treated fabric. distributed fairly unevenly. It has been shown that in cellulosic materials modified with compositions based on sodium silicate and urea, sodium hydrogen phosphate, flame retardant properties increase. The proposed composition provides the achievement of higher fire resistance. Processing can be carried out on standard equipment of finishing enterprises without the stage of high-temperature fixation of the drug.

Nano-finishing of cellulose textile materials with copper and copper oxide nanoparticles

Nano-finishing of textile materials with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles has been in the focus of science and textile industry almost two decades. The emergence of bacteria resistance to silver nanoparticles due to over-use, cheaper precursor salts and excellent antimicrobial activity recently brought copper and copper oxide nanoparticles to scientific attention particularly for the utilization in the field of medical textiles. This paper is aimed to give an overview of the latest achievements in the finishing of cellulose fabrics with copper-based nanoparticles. Special emphasis has been given to difficulties met throughout the characterization of such textile nanocomposites caused by the copper instability. In addition the effect of various chemical modifications of cellulose fibers prior to impregnation with copper-based nanoparticles on their binding efficiency was considered. Much attention has been also paid to antimicrobial activity of such textile nanocomposites and the possibility to develop efficient antimicrobial cellulose wound dressings.

CELLULOSIC TEXTILE MATERIALS WITH ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES MODIFIED WITH COPPER NA-NOPARTICLES

The paper presents data on the development of cellulosic textile materials with increased antimicrobial properties using copper nanoparticles. Synthesis of copper nanoparticles was carried out by simple chemical reduction of an aqueous solution of copper using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. The influence of the concentration of copper, a reducing agent, and a stabilizer on the synthesis of copper nanoparticles was studied.A composition based on polyvinyl alcohol and copper nanoparticles was developed to impart enhanced antimicrobial properties to cellulosic textile materials. The results of the studies showed that a significant growth of bacteria was observed in the control sample (untreated fabric), the amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus) decreased with increasing concentrations of copper nanoparticles, antibacterial properties increased. Modified by the proposed method cellulosic textile materials showed high resistance to the action of microorganisms and can be used for the production of sanitary and hygienic textile products.

Evaluation of the intensifying effect of quaternary ammonium salts in the course of dyeing of cellulose materials with active dyes

The effect of quaternary ammonium salts on batch dyeing of cellulose materials with active dyes was examined. The use of benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride and benzyldimethyldodecylammonium bromide as intensifi ers in dyeing of cellulose textile materials with active dyes of vinyl sulfone and monochlorotriazine types allows high intensity and durability of the color to be attained owing to increased degree of covalent fi xation of the dyes and their decreased desorption in the course of washing of the dyed material.

Combination of Ozonation and Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching for Linen Fabrics: Optimization of the Process Using Experimental Design Technique

It is well known that ozone can be used as a bleaching agent for cellulosic textile materials. In the context of this study, investigations were undertaken to optimize bleaching of linen fabrics using Box-Behnken Experimental Design. The bleaching process involved two distinct steps where linen fabrics were ozonated under different treatment times then the latter in a subsequent step were subjected to hydrogen peroxide bleaching under a variety of conditions. As a result of study, three optimum recipes were achieved and pretreatment with ozone for 15 min before peroxide bleaching supplies time and chemical savings.

Development of cellulose textile materials containing chitosan and crab hepatopancreas proteolytic complex and study of their properties

The properties of unmodified crab hepatopancreas proteolytic complex and the complex immobilized on chitosan-containing cellulose substrates were investigated. The kinetics of immobilization and storage of dried preparations was investigated. Three stages ofinactivation of the immobilized sample were established: in immobilization, during drying and storage. It was shown that immobilization of the complex on a textile substrate protects enzymes from thermal inactivation in model buffer solutions at different pH.

HPLC determination of the pore distribution and chromatographic properties of cellulosic textile materials

AbstractHPLC columns packed with cellulosic textile materials as stationary phase were examined with respect to their chromatographic parameters. The interaction of the stationary phase with water‐soluble substances (mainly textile chemicals) was also studied. The size‐exclusion effects of the porous material were measured for molecules with MW 20−2 × 106, thus giving further information concerning structural changes during the pretreatment of textile materials. Electrostatic and sorptive interactions were detected simultaneously, but found to exert a minor influence. Using a recently developed mathematical model, the pore volume distribution of swollen celluose could be determined from the size‐exclusion data without the introduction of empirical factors. The applied HPLC method of characterizing cellulosic materials offers an alternative to the previously utilized static and chromatographic methods, especially for studies on pretreated textile materials.

Source control: Modification of a flame retardant chemical. A history of the manufacture and use of a specialty chemical with special emphasis on environmental concerns is discussed. Within a time frame of months changes in the structure, manufacture and applications of a phosphonium salt used to render cellulosic textile materials less flammable were made. These changes were necessitated to deal

Plant/Operations ProgressVolume 2, Issue 4 p. 241-243 Article Source control: Modification of a flame retardant chemical. A history of the manufacture and use of a specialty chemical with special emphasis on environmental concerns is discussed. Within a time frame of months changes in the structure, manufacture and applications of a phosphonium salt used to render cellulosic textile materials less flammable were made. These changes were necessitated to deal with possible exposures James J. Duffy, James J. Duffy Occidental Chemical Corp., Grand Island, N.Y. James J. Duffy is presently a Senior Scientist at the Occidental Chemical Corp., Research Center in Grand Island, NY. He received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Canisius College, and a PhD. degree in Organic Chemistry from the University of Kentucky. He has held technical and managerial positions in research and development. His major research interests include organophosphorus chemistry, polymer modification and properties and the study of flammability of polymeric materials.Search for more papers by this author James J. Duffy, James J. Duffy Occidental Chemical Corp., Grand Island, N.Y. James J. Duffy is presently a Senior Scientist at the Occidental Chemical Corp., Research Center in Grand Island, NY. He received his B.S. degree in Chemistry from Canisius College, and a PhD. degree in Organic Chemistry from the University of Kentucky. He has held technical and managerial positions in research and development. His major research interests include organophosphorus chemistry, polymer modification and properties and the study of flammability of polymeric materials.Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1983 https://doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720020411Citations: 3 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume2, Issue4October 1983Pages 241-243 RelatedInformation