Cellular Telephone Networks Research Articles

EVALUATION OF VOIP TRAFFICS OVER TIKRIT UNIVERSITY NETWORKS

In recent years, VoIP is a rapidly evolving technology that could possibly revolutionize the telecommunication industry. When implemented on wireless data networks, VoIP could prove to be instrumental in the convergence of existing fixed and cellular telephony networks with the fast growing wired and wireless data networks. Whereas, the growth of the VoIP applications with additional mobile devices in the institution of higher education and increasing number of users led to slow VoIP services. In addition, the throughput and latency (or delay, jitter, and jabber) are two of the most important issues that need to be resolved before the commercial deployment of wireless VoIP. The trace composes of two parts: firstly, collecting of data, secondly, performing the traffics analysis. Therefore, we have analyzed the performance offered by SCTP, TCP and UDP over VoIP at Tikrit University, Iraq. In this paper, we can see that the kind of performance given by SCTP is best then UDP, but the latency is decreased it performance significantly compared to UDP and the SCTP throughput is looks in a better manner. The measurements were verified by simulating the VoIP traffics using Network Simulator 2

PENGEMBANGAN SMART VILLAGE MENUJU EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DESA MANDIRI DI DESA WAY HUWI KECAMATAN JATI AGUNG KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN

Way Huwi Village is located in Kec. Jati Agung, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. This village has an area of ??500.32 hectares with a population of 4063 people consisting of 1051 families. Potential Natural Resources are agriculture and also the trade sector. Based on its geographical location, Way Huwi Village is in a strategic area where the entire area already has a PLN electricity network and is covered by a cellular telephone network and is close to the ITERA campus area, so that the community is familiar with the use of information and communication technology. If referring to Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, it becomes a very big opportunity for every village in Indonesia, especially Way Huwi Village to be able to develop every potential it has independently as needed in order to realize community welfare. There are several obstacles that Way Huwi Village is still facing to get to Smart Village, one of which is, the current community's economic activities are mostly carried out offline. On the other hand, Way Huwi Village has several sources of economic potential, namely BUMDES which should by looking at the readiness of existing technology, MSMEs partnering with BUMDES can utilize Information Technology to create MSME Mapping Information Systems and conduct marketing (e-marketing).

Solar node and gateway wireless system functions in record breaking polar vortex outbreak of February 2021

AbstractAdvances in environmental and agricultural management are increasingly enabled by unattended data acquisition using internet‐of‐things (IOT) approaches. These approaches combine advanced sensors and wireless data transmission to automatically convey field data to the internet. Users, either human or machine, then can access and act upon the data from nearly anywhere in the world. Particularly in the case of machines automatically acting on the data, robustness, reliability and accuracy of data are crucial to preventing unintended outcomes of machine operations and continued supply of key services. Low‐cost, low‐power, and solar‐powered systems are important to enable market entry of advanced decision support systems based on IOT data acquisition approaches. The polar vortex outbreak of February 2021 in the central United States provided an extreme test of such a node and gateway system for automatic data acquisition and telemetry to the internet over the cellular telephone network. The system, codesigned by USDA‐ARS and Acclima, performed admirably despite air temperatures reaching a minimum of −24 °C, temperatures < 0 °C for 8 d and < −7 °C for 6 d, two snowstorms, and overcast conditions. The six nodes, gateway, and 36 sensors continued to function reliably with a data transmission failure rate of <2 in 10,000 even though the Li‐ion batteries could not be recharged for 7 d due to temperatures <5 °C. The system reports geographic position of each node and gateway, model numbers and firmware versions of all equipment, including sensors, date, and time of sensor readings, and individual sensor elevations relative to a reference surface, affording data self‐identification for unfettered use by remote systems.

Remote Assessment of Parkinson's Disease Symptom Severity Using the Simulated Cellular Mobile Telephone Network.

Telemonitoring of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) has attracted considerable research interest because of its potential to make a lasting, positive impact on the life of patients and their carers. Purpose-built devices have been developed that record various signals which can be associated with average PD symptom severity, as quantified on standard clinical metrics such as the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Speech signals are particularly promising in this regard, because they can be easily recorded without the use of expensive, dedicated hardware. Previous studies have demonstrated replication of UPDRS to within less than 2 points of a clinical raters’ assessment of symptom severity, using high-quality speech signals collected using dedicated telemonitoring hardware. Here, we investigate the potential of using the standard voice-over-GSM (2G) or UMTS (3G) cellular mobile telephone networks for PD telemonitoring, networks that, together, have greater than 5 billion subscribers worldwide. We test the robustness of this approach using a simulated noisy mobile communication network over which speech signals are transmitted, and approximately 6000 recordings from 42 PD subjects. We show that UPDRS can be estimated to within less than 3.5 points difference from the clinical raters’ assessment, which is clinically useful given that the inter-rater variability for UPDRS can be as high as 4–5 UPDRS points. This provides compelling evidence that the existing voice telephone network has potential towards facilitating inexpensive, mass-scale PD symptom telemonitoring applications.

Indoor Omnidirectional Antenna Network Planning using Capacity and Coverage Planning in Gandaria 8 Office Tower Building in PT Artisan Wahyu

Planning to improve the signal condition of cellular telephone networks in a company is very important. PT. Artisan Wahyu is a company engaged in property and real estate. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality and strength of the signal beam at the Gandaria 8 Office Tower using the G-net Track Lite application, to determine the number of indoor omnidirectional antennas based on capacity planning method, and for determining the number of omnidirectional indoor antennas based on coverage planning method. The research method used is quantitative method with a descriptive type of research. By using the analysis method of Capacity Planning and Coverage Planning. Therefore, it is necessary to plan an omnidirectional indoor antenna analysis so that activities in communication can be enjoyed properly. From the results of the research conducted, there were four plans for omnidirectional indoor antenna networks for the 2nd floor based on capacity and coverage of 6 antennas. Whereas for the 22nd floor based on capacity as much as 3 and for coverage as many as five antennas so that the Coverage Planning method is recommended to be applied to the Gandaria Building 8 Office Tower. (FF, FA, RM)

Penerapan Alat Bukti Dalam Sistem Pembuktian Tindak Pidana Penipuan

Many people take advantage of the situation by misusing the means of cellular technology communication, one of which is a crime that is a fraud that often occurs today is fraud by using sophisticated technology tools such as cellular phones by utilizing Short Message Service services. The problem that will be discussed is how is the application of evidence in the system of proof of fraud and whether the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in the application of evidence in the system of evidence of criminal acts of fraud.This legal research method uses a type of normative descriptive legal research, approach to the problem and this study uses a normative juridical approach and an empirical juridical approach. The type of data is primary data and secondary data. Data sources are secondary data, tertiary primary data. Data collection with literature studies, field studies. Data processing is carried out including data selection and data classification. Data analysis used is qualitative analysis.From the results of this study the authors found that the application of evidence in the system of proof of criminal acts of fraud is that the truth must be tested by means of evidence thus, the means and strength of evidence basically inherent in each evidence found. Supporting factors in the application of this evidence must be cooperation between legal institutions and providers of cellular telephone networks and the active role of victims in resolving fraudulent crimes. The inhibiting factors in the application of this evidence are the lack of facilities and infrastructure at the Lampung Police's special cyber unit, the next obstacle if the perpetrators did not leave their last GPS cellphone, so the Lampung cyber police could not find out where the perpetrators of the fraud were. The conclusion is that an act can be said to be criminal fraud if the elements are fulfilled according to the Law. In carrying out the verification of fraud through SMS, besides supporting factors in the form of a cyber police team, the task is specifically to deal with cyber crime.

Implementation of Knowba Filtering Method for Intereference Rejection in NBDSSS

Spread spectrum communication is a communication method that deliberately makes the bandwidth of the transmitted waveform larger than would be required to transmit the data over the channel.One of the most encouraging multiplexing techniques for present and forthcoming telecommunications services, such as private communications, ad-hoc wireless communications, third-generation cellular telephony and sensor networks, is the CDMA(code division multiple access) implemented with direct-sequence (DS) signaling. DS-CDMA's benefits include superior operation in multi-path settings, flexibility in channel allocation, enhanced capacity in fading settings, and the capability to share bandwidth with narrowband communication technologies without deteriorating the efficiency of either system. In our work,we are proposing a new know-ba strategy to dismissing interference where originally monitoring signal environment with high precision is called from the library and subsequently based on data that is appropriate for dismissing interference. Various interference scenarios are simulated using computer simulations to show the efficiency of the method.

Lake imaging and monitoring aerial drone

Abstract We describe the development of a BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line-Of-Sight) model aircraft (UAV). The broad design requirements included (i) fuselage capable of accommodating an imaging package or other instrumentation, (ii) suitability for over-lake BVLOS authorization in Switzerland, (iii) capability of land or water take-offs/landing, (iv) at least 90-min flight autonomy, (v) modularity of the imaging package and (vi) real-time IR/RGB imagery. Requirement (i) was to ensure an aircraft amenable to future developments. Requirements (ii)–(iv) were driven by the goal of improving estimates of lake surface energy fluxes, since such fluxes have a major impact on long-term lake temperatures and hence ecological status. Requirement (v), in conjunction with (i), allows the UAV to be adapted to other imaging applications. The real-time imagery requirement (vi) permits modifications of on-going missions to map areas of specific interest as they are detected. The prototype UAV produced to satisfy these characteristics was built on the twin-motor My Twin Dream (MTD) aircraft, which has a 1.8-m wing span airframe and a spacious fuselage. The legal authorization necessitated, where feasible, hardware redundancy as well as installation of a parachute system. Continuous communication between the ground station and UAV is provided by the LTE cellular telephone network. The UAV communication is handled by an on-board Linux computer, which is also responsible for control of the imagery package. The avionics involved modifications of the open-source APM autopilot software and the associated ground control station. A key modification was to support a custom-built emergency recovery system, which is triggered by loss of a heart-beat signal from the autopilot. The MTD airframe was modified to accommodate the system electronics and imaging hardware. Results from test flights over Lake Geneva demonstrate the ability of the aircraft to produce imagery data.

On Direct vs. Indirect Peer Influence in Large Social Networks

With the availability of large-scale network data, peer influence in social networks can be more rigorously examined and understood than before. Peer influence can arise from immediate neighbors in the network (formally defined as cohesion or direct ties with one-hop neighbors) and from indirect peers who share common neighbors (formally defined as structural equivalence or indirect ties with two-hop neighbors). While the literature examined the role of each peer influence (direct or indirect) separately, the study of both peer network effects acting simultaneously was ignored, largely because of methodological constraints. This paper attempts to fill this gap by evaluating the simultaneous effect of both direct and indirect peer influences in technology adoption in the context of caller ringback tone (CRBT) in a cellular telephone network, using data from 200 million calls by 1.4 million users. Given that such a large-scale network makes traditional social network analysis intractable, we extract many densely connected and self-contained subpopulations from the network. We find a regularity in these subpopulations in that they consist either of about 200 nodes or about 500 nodes. Using these subpopulations and panel data, we analyze direct and indirect peer influences using a novel autoprobit model with multiple network terms (direct and indirect peer influence, with homophily as a control variable). Our identification strategy relies on a newly designed spatial autoregressive model, allowing us to identify the direct and indirect peer influences on each of the extracted subpopulations. We use meta-analysis to summarize the estimated parameters from all subpopulations. The results show CRBT adoption to be simultaneously determined by both direct and indirect peer influence (while controlling for homophily and centrality). Robustness checks show model fit to improve when both peer influences are included. The size and direction of the two peer influences, however, differ by group size. Interestingly, indirect peer influence (structural equivalence) plays a negative role in diffusion when group size is about 200, but a positive role when group size is about 500. The role of direct peer influence (cohesion), on the other hand, is always positive, irrespective of group size. Our findings imply that businesses must design different target strategies for large versus small groups: for large groups, businesses should focus on consumers with both multiple one-hop and two-hop neighbors; for small groups, businesses should only focus on consumers with multiple one-hop neighbors. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0753 .

The Best Conference You Never Attended [White Hot

The IEEE International Communications Energy Conference (INTELEC). INTELEC has a long history that predates PELS. INTELEC was the brainchild of several Bell Labs engineers who realized the need for such a conference. The first INTELEC was held in 1978 under the auspices of the IEEE Communications Society. INTELEC continued as an annual conference at host cities all over the world. In 1991, INTELEC was transferred to PELS. T he issues a nd themes of INTELEC have evolved over the years. In the 1970s, the papers were often about the newfangled switch mode rectifiers. In the 1980s, the papers were often about the evolving distributed power architectures used in telecom equipment. In the 1990s, a key topic was powering the network as the transmission medium evolved from twisted-pair copper wires to coaxial cable and optical fiber. In the 2000s, much of the discussion focused on powering the far-flung equipment of cellular telephone networks. In today's network, with all traffic, whether voice, video, or data, being digital, the differences between data center, telephone switching office, mobile base station, and telephone central office are blurring and dissolving. The power needs of such a network are rapidly evolving. How we manage and design the power systems and converters for these new networks is the key focus of INTELEC today.

INFORMATION SECURITY IN IP TELEPHONY

The development of the information society is inextricably linked with the process of globalization, so the resulting security problems must be closely linked with the global changes. There is a growing role of information security of the individual. Increasing importance of security of the state and society. The purpose of this article is to consider the possible threat of an IP-telephony to the information security community. The article draws upon the scientific and journalistic publications, analysis of materials for the Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation, the analysis of potential threats to information due to the development and distribution of IP-telephony, given way to prevent phishing attacks. The conclusion of the article is the assumption that protection involves not only the development of measures for the security of IP-telephony, and outputs to external communication channels, such as mobile cellular communications and public telephone networks. As part of the state of information security strategy must be to switch to the production of new software and technology, the formation of a new and innovative work culture, employment and social culture of each individual.

Robust indoor localization and tracking using GSM fingerprints

The article presents an easy to implement approach for indoor localization and navigation that combines Bayesian filtering with support vector machine classifiers to associate high-dimensionality cellular telephone network received signal strength fingerprints to distinct spatial regions. The technique employs a “space sampling” and a “time sampling” scheme in the training procedure, and the Bayesian filter allows introducing a priori information on room layout and target trajectories, resulting in robust room-level indoor localization.

Multicoloring of cannonball graphs

The frequency allocation problem that appeared in the design of cellular telephone networks can be regarded as a multicoloring problem on a weighted hexagonal graph, which opened some still interesting mathematical problems. We generalize the multicoloring problem into higher dimension and present the first approximation algorithms for multicoloring of the so called cannonball graphs.

Security of e‐systems

In recent years, the dependence of people on electronic syslarge amounts of data collected by honeypots. Via tems (e-systems) has increased tremendously. Examples of e-systems widely used in everyday life include stand-alone computers, wired and wireless networks, cellular telephony networks, corporateWeb sites, electronic service, e-commerce and e-payment systems, and e-government systems. Because of the aforementioned spread of e-systems, many corporations and businesses rely heavily on the effective, proper, and secure operation of them. In most cases, such systems are used for storing, transmitting, and exchanging sensitive and confidential information, unauthorized access of which entails loss of money and credibility as well as the release of confidential information to competitors or enemies. This security is a crucial factor for these systems; however, its implementation must be cost-efficient so as to enable their widespread use. The aim of this special issue of the Journal of Security and Communication Networks is to highlight recent research in the broad area of e-systems security. We hope that this issue will be a useful reference for current and future trends in the very active area of wireless sensor networking. We received 10 papers from all over the world. Each paper was reviewed by at least two qualified reviewers. We have accepted six papers; thus, the acceptance rate for this issue is 60%. The articles in this special issue are organized as follows. The first article is entitled “A Hybrid NFC– Bluetooth Secure Protocol for Credit Transfer Among Mobile Phones” and is authored by David M. Monteiro, Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues, Jaime Lloret, and Sandra Sendra. The article proposes a mobile peer-to-peer communication system that can be used for money transfers. The proposed system is based on near field communication and Bluetooth technology and thus utilizes a hybrid communication protocol that combines the security characteristics of near field communication and the relatively high Bluetooth data transfer rates. The proposed system was deployed and evaluated in real environments with good results. The second article is in the area of Web service security is entitled “Characterization of Attacks Collected from the Deployment of Web Service Honeypot” and is authored by Abdallah Ghourabi, Tarek Abbes, and Adel Bouhoula. It proposes a honeypot implementation for Web services. The proposed system addresses the problem of the very

1-local 33/24-competitive Algorithm for Multicoloring Hexagonal Graphs

Graph Theory In the frequency allocation problem, we are given a cellular telephone network whose geographical coverage area is divided into cells, where phone calls are serviced by assigned frequencies, so that none of the pairs of calls emanating from the same or neighboring cells is assigned the same frequency. The problem is to use the frequencies efficiently, i.e. minimize the span of frequencies used. The frequency allocation problem can be regarded as a multicoloring problem on a weighted hexagonal graph, where each vertex knows its position in the graph. We present a 1-local 33/24-competitive distributed algorithm for multicoloring a hexagonal graph, thereby improving the previous 1-local 7/5-competitive algorithm.

Briefing: Citizens and cell phones in Africa

This briefing explores some political implications of the current boom in information and communications technology (ICT) in sub-Saharan Africa. As a striking manifestation of globalization, perhaps half of Africa's one billion people are now signed up as subscribers to cellular telephone networks.1 Africans are enthusiastically adopting mobile phone technology, here called ‘cell’ phones. By foregoing landlines in favour of advanced telecom systems, their choices of technology are leapfrogging over other parts of the world. Evidence is mounting that this modern communications revolution is beginning to have promising economic consequences.2 In Uganda, for example, small farmers are able to check crop prices and order agricultural inputs by making phone calls or sending text messages over cellular networks. In certain pilot projects they are able to obtain customized extension advice and even gain access to microfinance loans.3 Inevitably, social and cultural changes follow, not all of them positive. It seems likely, for instance, that an opportunity gap might emerge between those who possess cell phones and those who do not.4 Household expenditures on communications might also crowd out other, more urgent social needs.5 Moreover, as smart phones with Internet capability catch on in places like South Africa and Kenya, users are exposed to a diverse array of cosmopolitan fashions and ideas, whose cumulative effect is to challenge traditional social values, sometimes provoking a backlash. In Ethiopia, for example, cell-phone communications have stimulated monitoring and controlling behaviours on the part of husbands and wives, straining marital relations.6

Telecardiología: pasado, presente y futuro

Technological advances over the past decades have allowed improved diagnosis and monitoring of patients with acute coronary syndromes as well as patients with advanced heart failure. High-quality digital recordings transmitted wirelessly by cellular telephone networks have augmented the prehospital use of transportable electrocardiogram machines as well as implantable devices for arrhythmia monitoring and therapy. The impact of prehospital electrocardiogram recording and interpretation in patients suspected of acute myocardial infarction should not be underestimated. It enables a more widespread access to rapid reperfusion therapy, thereby reducing treatment delay, morbidity and mortality. Further, continuous electrocardiogram monitoring has improved arrhythmia diagnosis and dynamic ST-segment changes have been shown to provide important prognostic information in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Likewise, remote recording or monitoring of arrhythmias and vital signs seem to improve outcome and reduce the necessity of re-admissions or outpatient contacts in patients with heart failure or arrhythmias. In the future telemonitoring and diagnosis is expected to further impact the way we practice cardiology and provide better care for the patient with cardiovascular disease.Full English text available from:www.revespcardiol.org/en.

Telecardiology: Past, Present and Future

Technological advances over the past decades have allowed improved diagnosis and monitoring of patients with acute coronary syndromes as well as patients with advanced heart failure. High-quality digital recordings transmitted wirelessly by cellular telephone networks have augmented the prehospital use of transportable electrocardiogram machines as well as implantable devices for arrhythmia monitoring and therapy. The impact of prehospital electrocardiogram recording and interpretation in patients suspected of acute myocardial infarction should not be underestimated. It enables a more widespread access to rapid reperfusion therapy, thereby reducing treatment delay, morbidity and mortality. Further, continuous electrocardiogram monitoring has improved arrhythmia diagnosis and dynamic ST-segment changes have been shown to provide important prognostic information in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Likewise, remote recording or monitoring of arrhythmias and vital signs seem to improve outcome and reduce the necessity of re-admissions or outpatient contacts in patients with heart failure or arrhythmias. In the future telemonitoring and diagnosis is expected to further impact the way we practice cardiology and provide better care for the patient with cardiovascular disease.

A 1-local 4/3-competitive algorithm for multicoloring a subclass of hexagonal graphs

We consider a frequency allocation problem, in which we are given a cellular telephone network whose geographical coverage area is divided into cells in which phone calls are serviced by frequencies assigned to them, so that none of the pairs of calls emanating from the same or neighboring cells is assigned the same frequency. The problem is to use the frequencies efficiently, i.e., to minimize the span of frequencies used. The frequency allocation problem can be regarded as a multicoloring problem on a weighted hexagonal graph. In this paper, we present a 1-local 4/3-competitive distributed algorithm for multicoloring a hexagonal graph without certain forbidden configuration (introduced in Šparl and Žerovnik (2010) [7]).

1-Local 7/5-Competitive Algorithm for Multicoloring Hexagonal Graphs

In the frequency allocation problem, we are given a cellular telephone network whose geographical coverage area is divided into cells, where phone calls are serviced by frequencies assigned to them, so that none of the pairs of calls emanating from the same or neighboring cells is assigned the same frequency. The problem is to use the frequencies efficiently, i.e. minimize the span of frequencies used. The frequency allocation problem can be regarded as a multicoloring problem on a weighted hexagonal graph, where every vertex knows its position in the graph. We present a 1-local 7/5-competitive distributed algorithm for multicoloring a hexagonal graph, thereby improving the previous 1-local 17/12-competitive algorithm.