Cellular Hemoglobin Concentration Research Articles

Overview on Hereditary Spherocytosis Diagnosis.

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a congenital haemolytic disorder, resulting from plasma membrane protein deficiency of red blood cells (RBCs). Typical pathological signs are anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly; in newborns, jaundice is the main symptom. This study focused on the state of art about the HS diagnosis, from traditional to innovative methods, including diagnostic algorithms that can be applied for pediatric and adult patients, for different laboratory diagnostic levels. The first erythrocyte parameters used for HS diagnosis were the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW); nowadays new parameters are used in blood cell counter. Advia analyzers (Siemens Medical Solutions) supply the hyper-dense cell percentage (% Hyper), which reflects the red blood cells hyperchromia. Sysmex instruments (i.e. XT-4000i, XE-5000, XN-Series) provide the MicroR, that is the percentage of erythrocytes smaller than 60 fL, Hypo-He, which is the percentage of erythrocytes with a content of hemoglobin less than 17 pg and % Hyper-He, which represents the percentage of RBC with cellular hemoglobin content higher than 49 pg. CELL-DYN Sapphire (Abbott Diagnostics) introduced the HPR parameter (% HPR), which represents the erythrocytes with hemoglobin > 410 g/L. Beckman Coulter instruments supply the mean sphered corpuscular volume (MSCV), which is the average volume of all erythrocytes, including mature erythrocytes and reticulocytes. Other reference tests for screening and diagnosis of HS are the acidified glycerol lysis test (AGLT), the eosin-5-maleimide (EMA) binding test and genetic testing by next-generation sequencing. The diagnostic workup of hereditary spherocytosis could be improved thanks to all the available tests, including new molecular tools. However, it requires synergy between clinicians and laboratory staff, evaluating clinical manifestations, all available data related to the disease and the prognosis to fill the diagnostic gaps in the near future.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BOVINE FASCIOLIASIS: PREVALENCE AND HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN KATSINA ABATTOIR NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA

Bovine fascioliasis, caused by liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, significantly affects cattle health and production globally. This study evaluated the prevalence and haemato-biochemical changes associated with bovine fascioliasis in 134 cattle at Katsina Central Abattoir. Using the sedimentation technique, faecal samples revealed a 3.73% infection rate, with females showing a higher prevalence (4.55%) than males (2.17%), though not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The age group 2-3 years had the highest prevalence (25.00%), with significant differences among age groups (P < 0.05). Among breeds, Wadara had the highest prevalence (20.00%) compared to White Fulani (4.93%), with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Medium-conditioned cattle showed the highest prevalence (6.67%) versus good-conditioned ones (1.37%) with significant difference (P < 0.05). Infected cattle exhibited significant reductions (P < 0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), and total erythrocyte count (RBC), as well as decreases in white blood cell count (WBC), mean cellular volume (MCV), and mean cellular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Biochemical analysis indicated elevated alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TB) levels (P < 0.05), with reduced albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), and conjugated bilirubin (CB) levels (P < 0.05). These results highlight the significant impact of bovine fascioliasis on cattle health in Katsina State, emphasizing the need for effective control strategies.

Osmotic gradient ektacytometry - a novel diagnostic approach for neuroacanthocytosis syndromes.

The unique red blood cell (RBC) properties that characterize the rare neuroacanthocytosis syndromes (NAS) have prompted the exploration of osmotic gradient ektacytometry (Osmoscan) as a diagnostic tool for these disorders. In this exploratory study, we assessed if Osmoscans can discriminate NAS from other neurodegenerative diseases. A comprehensive assessment was conducted using Osmoscan on a diverse group of patients, including healthy controls (n = 9), neuroacanthocytosis syndrome patients (n = 6, 2 VPS13A and 4 XK disease), Parkinson's disease patients (n = 6), Huntington's disease patients (n = 5), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients (n = 4). Concurrently, we collected and analyzed RBC indices and patients' characteristics. Statistically significant changes were observed in NAS patients compared to healthy controls and other conditions, specifically in osmolality at minimal elongation index (Omin), maximal elongation index (EImax), the osmolality at half maximal elongation index in the hyperosmotic part of the curve (Ohyper), and the width of the curve close to the osmolality at maximal elongation index (Omax-width). This study represents an initial exploration of RBC properties from NAS patients using osmotic gradient ektacytometry. While specific parameters exhibited differences, only Ohyper and Omax-width yielded 100% specificity for other neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, unique correlations between Osmoscan parameters and RBC indices in NAS versus controls were identified, such as osmolality at maximal elongation index (Omax) vs. mean cellular hemoglobin content (MCH) and minimal elongation index (EImin) vs. red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Given the limited sample size, further studies are essential to establish diagnostic guidelines based on these findings.

Low Initial Cell Density Promotes the Differentiation and Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Erythrocytes.

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived red blood cells (RBCs) possess great potential for compensating shortages in transfusion medicine. For better RBC generation from hPSCs, we compared the cell seeding density in the embryoid body formation-based hPSC induction protocol. In the selection of low- and high-density inoculation conditions, we found that low-density culture performed better in the final RBC product with more cell output and increased average cellular hemoglobin content. An elaborate study using flow cytometry demonstrated that low inoculation density promoted endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, followed by improved hematopoietic progenitor formation and erythrocyte generation. The improved transformation from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidation and reduced apoptosis might be responsible for this effect. Hints from RNA sequencing suggested that molecules involved in microenvironment interaction and metabolic regulation might respond for the different developmental potential. The possible mediators between outer message and intracellular response could be the nutrition sensors FOXO, PRKAA1 (AMPK), and MTOR genes. It is possible that low inoculation density triggered metabolic regulation signals, promoted mitochondrial oxidation, and resulted in enhanced cell amplification and hematopoietic differentiation. The low cell culture density will improve RBC generation from hPSCs.

A novel formula of herbal extracts regulates growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota and resistance against Aeromonas veronii in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

In this study, a novel herbal extracts formula (HE) comprising Scutellaria baicalensis, Taraxacum mongolicum, Biancaea sappan and Pulsatilla chinensis extract with a weight ratio of 3.0: 1.8: 3.0: 1.7, was selected based on bacteriostatic test in vitro. Subsequently, a 30-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary HE (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00%, respectively) inclusion on the performance of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The results unveiled that dietary HE 0.10% and HE 0.50% inclusion notably increased the specific growth rate (SGR) and antioxidant enzyme (SOD and GPX) activities in the intestine and liver of fish (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significantly greater height of villi and width of villi were observed in the HE 0.50% and HE 0.10% groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Conversely, histological examination indicated that dietary HE1.00% inclusion led to discernible injury to the intestines, with certain villi displaying breakage and shedding. Hematological parameters including white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) were significantly increased, while the erythrocyte indices including average cellular hemoglobin (MCH), and average cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) remarkably decreased in fish fed HE inclusion compared to the basal diet. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis demonstrated that Cetobacterium, Aeromonas and Plesiomonas were the three dominant species in the intestines regardless of diet. Additionally, the LEfSe analysis revealed that Aeromonas was the most affected taxon, which significantly decreased in the HE 0.10%, HE 0.50% and HE 1.00% groups (p < 0.05), while the Cetobacterium content remarkably increased in HE 0.10% and HE 0.50% groups (p < 0.05). Finally, the highest survival rate of fish infected with Aeromonas veronii HZ012 was observed in the group supplemented with 0.50% HE. Collectively, our study revealed that the supplementation of HE at a proportion of 0.10–0.50% could lead to a promotion of growth performance, maintenance of liver and intestinal health, as well as a protective effect against A. veronii infection in largemouth bass.

A-144 Three-wavelength Polarization Imaging Method for the Analysis of Individual Human Blood Cells With Dye-Enhanced Dispersion of Dilution Buffer

Abstract Background Performing basic hematology analysis in a near-patient setting enables more rapid clinical decision making in the process of diagnosis. Traditional blood analyzers in central labs use a complex combination of sensing principles and chemical modification of the sample to derive the necessary parameters for a complete blood count (CBC). To reduce cost and maintenance, varying approaches have been employed to determine a CBC with a single-step measurement technique. One common option is the use of optical microscopy to deliver highly reliable results, examples are fluorescence microscopy, digital holographic microscopy, or spatial light interference microscopy. However, most of these technologies lack a proper determination of cellular-level RBC parameters. Therefore, a non-interferometric, quantitative-phase measurement technique was developed to derive relevant CBC parameters from a single measurement, comparable to a standard lab analyzer. Methods The optical setup employed by this method enables the parallel acquisition of brightfield and differential interference contrast (DIC) images by polarization-sensitive cameras. By using three cameras with individual optical filters, quantitative phase and absorption information can be calculated, which enables the determination of mean cellular volume (MCV), mean cellular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) for red blood cells (RBCs). The whole-blood sample is diluted in a buffer containing a non-cell-penetrating dye to enhance optical refraction contrast and therefore precision in the dependent calculated quantities. The sample is then introduced to a glass flow cell, and the cells are allowed to sediment to the bottom for imaging. Machine learning is applied to the derived images to classify unstained native white blood cells (WBCs) to yield a 5-part differential, which distinguishes between neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil and basophil. The algorithm is trained by imaging FACS-validated, purified WBC subgroups. All blood samples are measured on an ADVIA® 2120 Hematology System for control. Results A one-step, optical CBC hematology system based on quantitative phase and absorption image analysis was developed. The correlations for MCV and MCHC compared to a standard lab CBC analyzer were 0.77 and 0.84. The accuracy for the 5-part differential WBC classification was approximately 0.8. To enable a visual inspection of the classification results, a pseudo-colored image of each cell was generated and uploaded in a review tool. Conclusion With a more-refined, less-expensive optical setup, a high-quality CBC analyzer suitable for use at the point of care can be derived with the presented method. A possible simplification could be the use of low-cost but high-resolution Fourier ptychography microscopy (FPM) technology. Imaging of blood samples on a single-cell level offers the potential for the analysis of even more morphological parameters, for example, disease-related changes in the cell membrane. Also, the adhesion behavior of the WBCs in the glass flow cell could indicate cell activation status and therefore give information about infection processes. *Trademark disclaimer: “ADVIA, and all associated marks are trademarks of Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Inc. or its affiliates. All other trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners.”

Empowering frail older adults: multicomponent elastic-band exercises and BCAA supplementation unleash physical health and preserve haematological biomarkers.

The effectiveness of Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) supplementation on enhancing exercise performance in both young and older adults remains a topic of debate. Recent research suggests that BCAAs combined with regular exercise might have an impact on human erythropoiesis, blood dynamics, and iron homeostasis. Given the increasing longevity of the global population, it is crucial to investigate the potential benefits of BCAA supplementation and regular exercise as non-pharmacological interventions for improving the overall health of frail older adults. To assess the influence of a 40-week multicomponent exercise intervention (MEP) combined BCCA supplementation on the haematological indicators of frail older adults (83-93 years old) residing in nursing homes. A prospective, naturalistic, controlled clinical trial employing an intervention-washout-intervention was conducted for this purpose. The study included four experimental groups: MEP plus BCAA supplementation (MEP + BCAA, n = 8), MEP only (n = 7), BCAA supplementation only (n = 7), and control group non exercising (CG, n = 13). Fried's physical frailty (PF) protocol was employed to stratify the participants. Additionally, the assessment included the evaluation of nutritional status, comorbidities, and anthropometric measurements. Among the several haematological markers examined, only mean cellular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCH) [F = 4.09; p < 0.03] and Mean Cell haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) [F = 10, 323; p < 0,0001] showed significant effects of time group. Our findings demonstrate that a long-term intervention with BCAA plus MEP did not lead to significant alterations in the haematological profile. An 8-week withdrawal from interventions did not affect the frailty status in the MEP and MEP + BCAA groups, whereas the control group exhibited an increase in PF status. The findings, demonstrating the potential pro-immune effect and maintenance of MCH and MCHC levels, highlight the relevance of incorporating exercise and nutritional strategies to promote healthy aging. This study contributes to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 3 (good health and well-being) and 10 (reduced Inequalities) for all.

Relationship Between the Coma Scores and Hemogram Parameters Measured by New-generation Devices.

To investigate the relationship between the coma scores-Glasgow coma scale (GCS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Assessment (APACHE-II)-in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and the percentage of macrocytosis (%MAC), immature granulocyte (IG), cellular haemoglobin concentration (cHGB), nucleated red blood cell (NRBC), nucleated red cell/ white cell ratio (NR/W), hyperchromic ratio (%HPR), and platelet distribution width (PDW) values. A descriptive comparative study. Place and Duration of the Study:Medicine Faculty, University ofHarran,Turkiye, from December 2020 to May 2022. The hemogram parameters of the patient groups with a GCS of 3-8 (n=51) and a GCS of 9-15 (n=43) and a control group of 55 healthy volunteers were measured using the new-generation hemogram autoanalyzer AlinityHQ (Abbott, USA). These parameters were compared with the coma scores (GCS, SOFA, and APACHE-II) of the patients. There was a statistically significant difference in IG, %MAC and PDW values (p-values were 0.025, 0.011, and 0.004, respectively) and an inverse correlation with GCS scores (correlation coefficients were -0.247, -0.264, and -0.297, respectively) was observed. There was also a significant correlation between the SOFA scores and %HPR and cHGB (correlation coefficients were 0.234, -0.358, p-values were 0.025, 0.001, respectively), and the APACHE-II scores and NRBC and NR/W values (correlation coefficients were -0.270, -0.247, p values were 0.009, 0.017, respectively). While other haematological parameters other than PDW were not associated with coma scores, parameters measured using new-generation haematological devices (%MAC, IG, cHGB, NRBC, NR/W, and %HPR) were found to be associated with estimated coma scores. These parameters can therefore be used as simple, rapid prognostic biomarkers and assist researchers in the development of new scoring models. ICU, Hyper, Coma, Sofa, Apache.

Could homocysteine represent a negative acute phase reactant in canine infections-a pilot study?

Homocysteine (Hcy) was investigated as the biomarker of cardiac, renal, and gastrointestinal disorders in dogs. Data about low Hcy concentrations in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome raised a hypothesis that Hcy in dogs is a negative acute-phase reactant. This survey compared Hcy concentrations, serum amyloid A (SAA), and the routine laboratory parameters between healthy (HD, N=6) and dogs with inflammation of different extent: mild ( dirofilariosis (DIR), N=31), moderate (babesiosis (BAB), N=12), and severe (pyometra (PYO), N=8). The BAB and PYO groups had lower Hcy er than HD. Also, the levels in the PYO group were below those in the DIRO group. SAA had the inverse pattern. Across the groups, Hcy and SAA levels correlated negatively (ρ = -0.502, P&lt;0.001). Hcy and SAA correlated with the erythrocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin and mean cellular hemoglobin concentrations, and neutrophil count, with correlations being positive for Hcy and negative for SAA. Among all dogs, hemoglobin was the only independent predictor of Hcy concentration. Hcy levels in canine infections, decreased as acute-phase reaction (APR) intensified. Also, they were related with the hematology changes accompanying the APR. Further studies will establish the clinical potential of these alterations.

Biological Variation and Reference Change Value of Routine Hematology Measurands in a Population of Managed Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).

Hematological analyses are particularly useful in assessing a dolphin's health status. However, the creation of appropriate reference intervals for this species is difficult due to the low number of reference individuals. The implementation of individual reference intervals (iRIs) allows researchers to overcome this limitation and, moreover, also consider the within-individual variability. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the biological variations in some hematological measurands, including erythrocytes (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), mean cellular volume and hemoglobin content (MCV and MCHC, respectively), RBC distribution width (RDW), leukocytes (WBC), and platelets (PLT); and (2) to calculate the index of individuality (IoI) and reference change value (RCV), which enable the production of iRIs, in healthy managed bottlenose dolphins. Seven dolphins were included, and the results of six hematological exams were analyzed for each animal. Analytical imprecision (CVa), within-dolphin variation (CVi), and between-dolphins variations (CVg) were calculated, and the IoI and RCV were derived for each measurand. All the hematological measurands had intermediate IoI except WBC, for which Iol was low. The calculated RCV ranged from 10.33% (MCV) to 186.51% (WBC). The results reveal that the majority of hematological measurands have an intermediate level of individuality in dolphins, and thus the application of iRIs is appropriate. The calculated RCV can also be applied to other managed dolphins and could be useful in interpreting serial CBC exams.

Blood Variation Implicates Respiratory Limits on Elevational Ranges of Andean Birds.

AbstractThe extent to which species ranges reflect intrinsic physiological tolerances is a major question in evolutionary ecology. To date, consensus has been hindered by the limited tractability of experimental approaches across most of the tree of life. Here, we apply a macrophysiological approach to understand how hematological traits related to oxygen transport shape elevational ranges in a tropical biodiversity hot spot. Along Andean elevational gradients, we measured traits that affect blood oxygen-carrying capacity-total and cellular hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, the volume percentage of red blood cells-for 2,355 individuals of 136 bird species. We used these data to evaluate the influence of hematological traits on elevational ranges. First, we asked whether the sensitivity of hematological traits to changes in elevation is predictive of elevational range breadth. Second, we asked whether variance in hematological traits changed as a function of distance to the nearest elevational range limit. We found that birds showing greater hematological sensitivity had broader elevational ranges, consistent with the idea that a greater acclimatization capacity facilitates elevational range expansion. We further found reduced variation in hematological traits in birds sampled near their elevational range limits and at high absolute elevations, patterns consistent with intensified natural selection, reduced effective population size, or compensatory changes in other cardiorespiratory traits. Our findings suggest that constraints on hematological sensitivity and local genetic adaptation to oxygen availability promote the evolution of the narrow elevational ranges that underpin tropical montane biodiversity.

Results of Randomized Comparative Efficacy Study of Iron Deficiency Anemia Management in Children with Iron III Hydroxide Polymaltose Complex and Iron Sulfate

Background. The guidelines on selection between iron preparations, iron sulfate (IS) and iron III hydroxide polymaltose complex (HPC), for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) management in pediatrics are contradictory. Objective. The aim of the study is to compare efficacy and safety of iron (III) HPC and IS for IDA treatment in children. Materials and methods. Randomization of children (aged from 1 month to 18 years) with IDA into 2 therapeutic groups was implemented in 2019-2020. on pediatric districts of children’s city outpatient's clinic: IS dosage of 3 mg/kg/day and iron (III) HPC dosage of 5 mg/kg/day. Hemogram monitoring was performed every 14 days. The efficacy was compared according to the rate of Hb level increase, erythrocytes indices, and serum ferritin (SF) level at the recorded moment of Hb normalization. For the safety — the rate of adverse effects. Results. 65 children with IDA were included in the study and randomized into 2 groups, the median age was 2.3 years (1st; 3rd quartile = 1.1; 4.3). Hb level increase was comparable in both groups (0.34 (0.23; 0.48) g/L/day and 0.24 (0.21; 0.30) g/L/day, р = 0.891). IS is more effective than iron (III) HPC in terms of average red blood cell volume by the time of Hb normalization (83.5 (80.0; 86.7) fl against 80.7 (79.0; 82.0) fl, р = 0.006), and mean cellular hemoglobin content (28.9 (SD = 2.0) pg against 27.4 (SD = 1.8) pg, р = 0.004). The timing of SF levels normalization did not differ. Adverse effects to iron III HPC treatment occurred 5.5 times more frequently than to IS (p = 0.0001). Conclusion. The efficacy of IS and iron III HPC at standard doses is comparable. The advantage in tolerability and recovery of erythrocytic indices justifies the feasibility of using IS preparations in the first line of treatment for children with IDA.

Effect of Feeding Albino Rats with Acha-Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Blends on the Blood Glucose Level and Hematological Parameters

Aims: To investigate the health and the physiological status of farm animals.&#x0D; Study Design: We formulated seven (7) samples from ACHA and orange-fleshed sweet potato mixture with two (2) samples serving as control.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Federal University Wukari between February 2022 and May 2022.&#x0D; Methodology: The orange fleshed sweet potato flour was mixed with ACHA flour separately at different proportions (100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25 and 0:100) while one hundred percent (100%) acha flour and orange-fleshed sweet potato was used as the control. Bone meal (10%), blood meal (10%) and salt (5%) were added to each sample. The albino rats were kept in a cage in five (5) segments, and the blends were fed to the rats for 21 days and 100g of the formulated feed were weighed into plates in each segment. The daily weight of the albino rats was measured. Evaluated bioassay parameters including feed and water intake, and body weight. Hematological properties including hemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell, mean cellular volume, mean cellular hemoglobin, and mean cellular hemoglobin concentration of the albino rats were also measured.&#x0D; Results: The result of feed intake/weight gain revealed that the rats fed with 0% OFSP showed the highest values for 21 days. The kidney, liver and heart weight of the albino rats decreased from1.23 to 1.05, 5.65 to 2.65 and 1.28 to 0.23g, respectively, while the carcass increased from 104.55 to 111.55g upon OFSP substitution.&#x0D; Conclusion: The result of this study revealed that locally available food commodities such as ACHA and orange fleshed sweet potato can be utilized to produce a protein-rich complementary food capable of combating malnutrition among children. A protein and carbohydrate-rich weaning food comparable to commercial weaning food (cerelac) can be strategically formulated from the blends of ACHA and orange-fleshed sweet potato (75:25).

Iron Status Is Inversely Correlated with Circulating Red Cells in Patients with Sickle Cell Anemia

▪Introduction: Sickle cell anemia (SCA, HbSS) arises from the presence of sickle hemoglobin (HbS, a consequence of a single base mutation in HBB gene). Upon deoxygenation, deoxy-HbS polymerizes with detrimental effects on shape, function, and lifespan of the erythrocytes. Because the delay time of sickling is inversely proportional to the mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), decreasing the concentration of HbS is an attractive therapeutic approach. We recently demonstrated that dietary iron restriction decreases MCHC with a concomitant improvement in hematologic parameters and a decreased propensity to sickle in the Townes murine model of sickle cell anemia. Data describing the relationship between iron status, MCHC, and hematologic parameters in SCA patients are limited to isolated case series that do not account for alpha thalassemia, a known modifier of SCA severity. Based on our observations in mice, we hypothesize that decreased iron availability is associated with improved hematologic parameters in SCA patients in the absence of alpha thalassemia. We investigated the relationship between MCHC and red cell count, as well as transferrin saturation and red cell count, in healthy volunteers and sickle cell patients without alpha thalassemia.Methods: A database consisting of 795 patients with sickle cell disease (all genotypes) attending the National Institutes of Health between 2001 and 2015 was queried (see table). Data were filtered for sickle genotype, whether on hydroxyurea therapy, transfusion status (HbA), alpha thalassemia genotype, and relevant hematologic and/or iron panels obtained on the same visit. Data from healthy volunteers were obtained from the National Institutes of Health Biomedical Translational Research Information System (BTRIS) database filtering for those without detectable HbS that had hematologic and iron panel data obtained on the same visit. Correlations were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient, r. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Analyses were performed on patients with HbSS without detectable HbA that were not taking hydroxyurea and did not have alpha thalassemia. Thirty-nine of these patients had MCHC and red cell counts obtained on the same visit. Data indicate that MCHC is inversely correlated with red cell count in these patients (r=-0.423; p = 0.007). Importantly, no significant relationship between MCHC and red cell count was observed in healthy volunteers (n=40; r=-0.125; p =0.438). Transferrin saturation is directly correlated with circulating red cells in healthy volunteers (n=65; r=0.359; p=0.0033). However, in patients with sickle cell disease transferrin saturation has an inverse relationship with red cell count (n=53; r=-0.3131; p=0.0225).Conclusions: Transferrin saturation and MCHC have are inversely correlated with circulating red cell counts in patients with sickle cell disease. These results support the concept that decreased iron availability improves hematologic parameters in sickle cell disease. Future studies will focus on pharmacologic means to achieve this end. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Clinical utility of Abbott Alinity hq extended red blood cell parameters in differentiating β-thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anemia.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of the Abbott Alinity hq advanced multi angle polarized scatter separation (MAPSSTM )-based optical RBC technology, for the differentiation between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and β-thalassemia carrier status. Four hundred and sixty-four samples were analyzed. 228 were healthy controls, 30 were β-thalassemia carriers, and 40 were IDA. Receiver operating characteristics analysis evaluated the performance of red cell parameters and mathematical formulas. RBC concentration was the most efficient discriminant (area under the curve; AUC of 0.963, Youden Index of 0.88) followed by red blood cell distribution width in size distribution (AUC of 0.960 and YI of 0.86), and red blood cell distribution width coefficient of variation (AUC of 0.924, and YI of 0.74). The absolute reticulocyte concentration showed good diagnostic efficiency, with AUC of 0.808. Hemoglobin distribution width, the %CV of directly measured cellular hemoglobin concentration, and CHCr, the average hemoglobin concentration of reticulocytes have emerged as novel discriminating parameters, with AUC of 0.749 and 0.785, respectively. The England and Fraser index was the best discriminating mathematical formula based on Youden Index of 0.91. The Ricerca, red blood cell distribution width index, Green and King, and Mentzner Index formulas also showed strong discriminative power. The Shine and Lal index, together with the recent mathematical formula M/H, (ratio of percent microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells) demonstrated moderate performance with AUC of 0.796 and 0.740, respectively. Extended red cell analysis delivered by the advanced optical technology on the Alinity hq hematology analyzer has efficient diagnostic utility in the initial discrimination of the two most common microcytic anemias: IDA and β-thalassemia trait.

Age- and sex-associated differences in hematology and biochemistry parameters of Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).

The Dunkin Hartley is the most common guinea pig strain used in biomedical research, particularly for studies of asthma, allergy, infectious disease, reproduction, and osteoarthritis. Minimally invasive blood tests, such as complete blood counts and serum biochemistry profiles, are often collected for diagnostics and laboratory analyses. However, reference intervals for these assays have not yet been well-documented in this strain. The purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals for hematologic and biochemical parameters of Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs and determine age- and sex-related differences. Hematologic and biochemical parameters were retrospectively obtained from 145 male and 68 female guinea pigs between 2 and 15 months of age. All blood parameters were analyzed by a veterinary clinical pathology laboratory. Reference intervals were established according to the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines. Age- and sex-related differences were determined using unpaired t-tests or nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests. Hematocrit, red blood cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, white blood cell count, heterophils, monocytes, eosinophils, glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and bicarbonate increased with age. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, cellular hemoglobin concentration mean, platelets, lymphocytes, phosphorus, albumin/globulin ratio, alkaline phosphatase, anion gap, and calculated osmolality decreased with age. Males had higher hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, heterophils, Foa-Kurloff cells, alanine aminotransferase, and bicarbonate and lower mean corpuscular volume, red blood cell distribution width, platelets, mean platelet volume, eosinophils, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, potassium, anion gap, calculated osmolality, and iron compared to females. Establishing age and sex differences in hematologic and biochemical parameters of Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs provides valuable insight into their physiology to better evaluate diagnostics and experimental results.

Optical Investigation of Individual Red Blood Cells for Determining Cell Count and Cellular Hemoglobin Concentration in a Microfluidic Channel

We demonstrate a blood analysis routine by observing red blood cells through light and digital holographic microscopy in a microfluidic channel. With this setup a determination of red blood cell (RBC) concentration, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration mean (CHCM) is feasible. Cell count variations in between measurements differed by 2.47% with a deviation of μL to the reference value obtained from the Siemens ADVIA 2120i. Measured MCV values varied by 2.25% and CHCM values by 3.78% compared to the reference ADVIA measurement. Our results suggest that the combination of optical analysis with microfluidics handling provides a promising new approach to red blood cell counts.

Heterogeneity of fetal hemoglobin production in adult red blood cells.

Small amounts of fetal hemoglobin can be expressed in a subset of adult red blood cells called F-cells. This review examines the potential mechanisms and clinical implications of the heterogeneity of fetal hemoglobin expression. Although the heterocellular nature of fetal hemoglobin expression in adult red blood cells has been noted for over 70 years, the molecular basis of this phenomenon has been unclear. Recent discoveries of novel regulators of fetal hemoglobin as well as technological advances have shed new light on these cells. Fetal hemoglobin reactivation in adult red blood cells through genetic or pharmacological approaches can involve both increasing the number of F-cells and cellular fetal hemoglobin content. New technologies enable the study and eventually the improvement of these parameters in patients with sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia.

Impact of Heat Stress on Growth Performance and some Blood and Physiological Parameters of Suckling Friesian Calves in Egypt

Forty newly born male and female Friesian calves including 20 calves during the winter season and 20 calves summer season 2020, were used to study the effect of heat stress on live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed and economic efficiency during suckling period. Ambient temperature, relative humidity and temperature humidity index were markedly higher during summer in compression with winter season. Digestibility coefficients of all nutrients (DM, OM, CP, CF, EE and NFE) and feeding values (TDN and DCP) reduced significantly (P<0.05) for summer ration compared to winter ration. Ruminal pH value and ammonia nitrogen concentration were higher significantly (P<0.05), however total VFA concentration was lower significantly (P<0.05) for summer than winter season. Concentrations of serum total protein, globulin and glucose were higher significantly (P<0.05), however, albumin to globulin ratio, concentrations of urea and creatinine and activity of AST and ALT activity were lower significantly (P<0.05) for winter season compared to summer season. Hemoglobin (HGB) concentration and counts of white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) were declined significantly (P<0.05), however, haematocrit percentage (HCT), mean cellular volume (MCV), mean cellular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), were raised significantly (P<0.05) for summer season than those of winter season. Intake of TDN, CP and DCP were higher significantly (P<0.05) for winter season than those of summer season. Weaning weight, total weight gain and average daily gain were higher significantly (P<0.05) for winter season in comparison with summer season. The amounts of DM, TDN, CP and DCP per kg weight gain were lower significantly (P<0.05) for summer season compared to winter season. Feed cost per kg weight gain was higher significantly (P<0.05), however, output of ADG, net revenue and economic efficiency were higher significantly (P<0.05) for winter season than those of summer season. All physiological parameters such as rectum temperature (RT), skin temperature (ST), respiration rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR) were higher significantly (P < 0.05) during the summer compared to the winter season.

Phenotypic correlations between biologic markers and growth traits in Arbor acres broiler chicken strain

The study was conducted to determine the correlations between biologic markers,haematological indices and growth traits in Arbor Acres broiler strain. A total of 120 Arbor acres strain were used for the experiment which lasted for 56 days. The birds were raised in separate deep litter pens. Data collected include biologic markers: hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cellular hemoglobin (MCH), mean cellular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and biochemical parameters include: blood glucose (GLU) and total serum protein(PRT). Growth traits include: body weight (BW), body length (BL), shank length (SL), keel length (KL), wing length (WL), breast width (BWD) and drumstick length (DSL). The result obtained showed that MCHC in week 4 it associated significantly with breast length(rp=0.989) and keel length (rp= -0.986), whereas in week 6, serum protein, MCH, PCV, WBC and RBC proved significant markers based on their significant association (P&lt;0.05;P&lt;0.01) with SL (rp=0.975), KL (rp=0.981), DSL (rp= -0.982; -0.989) and BL (rp= -0.991). In week 8, Hb, WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC proved to be useful markers for selecting keel length, breast length, body length, body length and thigh width in Arbor Acre. Highest correlation was observed between WBC and BL (rp= -0.991) and between MCH and breast length (rp= 0.991) in the 6 week. Due to the limited associations observed in week 4, it may be more reliable to apply the biologic markers in selection programs, starting at the 6 week for Arbor Acres broiler strains. This study advocates that highly polymorphic DNA-based markers which are more reliable should be attempted for improving body weight of broilers.