Cell Structure Research Articles

DeepMap: Deep learning-based single-cell data integration using iterative cell matching and structure preservation constraints

DeepMap: Deep learning-based single-cell data integration using iterative cell matching and structure preservation constraints

Melatonin maintains the quality and cell wall structure of plum fruits under low temperature storage

To enhance the quality of plum fruits under low temperature storage, the impact of melatonin (MT) treatment (100 μmol L−1) on the quality and cell wall structure of plum fruits under low temperature storage (at 4 °C for 28 days) was examined. The results showed that the contents of total soluble solids, total sugar, titratable acid, and vitamin C in plum fruits treated with MT were higher than control under low temperature storage, and MT helped to prevent pulp browning and maintained the overall quality of the fruits. In addition, MT inhibited the conversion of ion-binding pectin and covalently-bound pectin of plum fruits into water-soluble pectin under low temperature storage. It also decreased the activities of pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, β-galactosidase, and endo-β-1, 4-glucanase, while increasing the activities of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase. Correlation analysis showed that the fruit hardness and pulp hardness were positively correlated with the covalently-bound pectin content, hemicellulose content, and cellulose content, and negatively correlated with the water-soluble pectin content, ion-binding pectin content, pectin methylesterase activity, β-galactosidase activity, and endo-β-1, 4-glucanase activity. Moreover, the cell structure of plum fruits treated with MT remained more intact and tightly arranged under low temperature storage, with slower degradation of the middle lamella and higher cell wall thickness. This was beneficial for maintaining the integrity of the cell wall structure and inhibiting the increase of intercellular spaces. In conclusion, MT can maintain the quality and cell wall structure of plum fruits, inhibit cell wall degradation, and slow down the decrease in fruit hardness under low temperature storage.

High-performance bio-based foam from agricultural waste luffa seed oil polyols

The present study aimed to develop eco-friendly polyurethane viscoelastic foam (PVF) with enhanced tear strength while preserving softness, comfort, and safety by utilizing bio-based polyols derived from luffa seed oil (LSO). Two types of bio-based polyols (PLSO-D and PLSO-M) were synthesized through the epoxidation process using diethylene glycol (DEG) and methanol (MeOH), respectively, for the production of LSO-based polyurethane viscoelastic foams (LSO-PVFs). The analyses revealed that these polyols exhibited high dispersion, appropriate hydroxyl values, and contained by-products such as oligomeric esters of fatty acids that facilitated physical and chemical crosslinking. LSO-PVFs demonstrated a uniform and fine cell structure with abundant open-cells, thick cell walls (55.5–76.6µm), and high apparent density (48.7–50.7kg/m3). Moreover, they exhibited enhanced tensile and tear strength (increasing up to 200% compared to petroleum-based PVFs), lower water absorption, excellent mildew resistance at 10% PLSO substitution. Additionally, these factors endowed LSO-PVFs with low indentation hardness and good bottom support performance, characterized by a compressive deflection coefficient of 2.30–3.54. This approach presents a sustainable alternative for foam production that offers comfort, durability while promoting the value-added utilization of agricultural waste.

Know the signs of autism: One of the fastest growing neurodevelopmental disorder

Autism is a lifetime neurodevelopmental condition. It is identified by difference in behavior, social interaction, communication, special interests and sensory processing. These differences can present people on the autism spectrum with challenges in how they interact with their surroundings. Autism is a complicated condition which affects speech, language, neurodevelopmental, sensory perception and social interaction. Some people on the autism spectrum may behave in non-typical ways, often in response to the different ways in which they experience their surroundings. Such behaviors are generally a way to communicate their feeling or to change to a situation, or may result from their heightened sensitivity to a sound or something they have seen or felt. The researchers suggest that genes and environment play major roles in the causing of ASD. A more recent study examined the cell structure, size and shape of the brains of personals with ASD, they demonstrated that different brain regions showed these differences more profoundly than others.

Development of an electrochemically approximated simulation model and a hardware substitution cell approach for thermal management battery system tests

AbstractBattery tests require a high degree of safety-related preparation and constant monitoring of the operating parameters to guarantee the smooth running of tests without incidents or exceptional events such as a thermal runaway. As the handling before, during, and especially after the tests is relatively complex and sometimes just as costly, it is important to reduce these risks and costs as well as to find an alternative to conventional battery tests. Such an approach is being developed by the T-cell project of the Institute of Thermodynamics and Sustainable Propulsion Systems at Graz University of Technology, founded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). A thermal substitution cell, which resembles a battery cell on the outside, is to reflect the surface temperature distribution of a chemical cell without there being any cell chemistry inside the substitution cell. Rather, the interior should not be part of the observation and the thermal requirements should be provided by an internal heating option. Such a measurement approach requires, among other things, a control and regulation unit, without which it would not be possible to transfer the thermal behavior of a battery cell to the substitution cell. Together with the electronic structure of the substitution cell and a circuit environment including a battery simulation model established at a later date, this control/regulation module forms an overall package that considerably facilitates investigations at cell, module, and pack level by substitution of a certain amount of cells using system symmetry advantages. A suitable simulation model was constructed and parameterized for this purpose from an electrochemical and a thermal network. As a first step, the data, which were partly determined empirically but also derived from real cell measurements in the literature, were adapted to the requirements of the simulation environment, so that the real cell used could be simulated thermally in principle. The simulation observations represent the state of the art of the model and are continuously improved by measurements carried out at the institute, thus building up the overall system in more detail.

Toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on biochemical composition, enzyme activity and gill surface ultrastructure of three species of small fishes from India.

The effects of chlorpyrifos, a frequently detected organophosphate in aquatic ecosystems, on biochemical (protein and glycogen) contents and oxidative enzyme activities (catalase and lipid peroxidation) in liver, muscle and gill tissues of three freshwater fish Trichogaster fasciata, Mystus vittatus and Heteropneustes fossilis were evaluated after 21-day exposure to 1 and 10% of 96h LC50 of this pesticide, which were 1.63 and 16.3µg L-1; 5.87 and 58.7µg L-1 and 2.12 and 21.2µg L-1, respectively. On comparing with control, significant reductions in protein concentration were found in liver, muscle and gill of the three fishes treated with both higher as well as lower concentrations of the pesticide except in gill of M. vittatus and liver of H. fossilis treated with the lower concentrations. Glycogen content reductions were significant in the liver and muscle of the fishes, as well as gill tissue of T. fasciata treated with the two pesticide concentrations. Significant elevations of catalase activity were found in liver of the three fishes treated with the higher concentrations, in muscle tissues of both T. fasciata and M. vittatus treated with both the concentrations and in gills of the three fishes except H. fossilis treated with the lower concentration of the pesticide. Significant elevations of lipid peroxidation level were also found in liver of all the three fish species treated with the higher concentrations, in the muscle tissue of M. vittatus as well as in the gill of T. fasciata and H. fossilis treated with both the concentrations of the pesticide. Chlorpyrifos exposed gill ultrastructure of T. fasciata, M. vittatus and H. fossilis revealed concentration-dependent effects of the pesticide on gill surface ultrastructure which include distortion of primary and secondary lamellae, deterioration of pavement cell and microridge structures, extrusion of red blood cells (RBCs), secretion of mucous layer on filament, sloughing of primary lamellae and clumping of secondary lamellae. The present study parameters could serve as useful biomarkers for evaluating the risk of pesticide toxicity to fish. These findings also point out the possible health risks to the consumers of these fish captured from contaminated water bodies.

Genetic Engineering in Bacteria, Fungi, and Oomycetes, Taking Advantage of CRISPR

Genetic engineering has revolutionized our ability to modify microorganisms for various applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. This review examines recent advances in genetic engineering techniques for bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes, with a focus on CRISPR-Cas systems. In bacteria, CRISPR-Cas9 has enabled precise genome editing, enhancing applications in antibiotic production and metabolic engineering. For fungi, despite challenges associated with their complex cell structures, CRISPR/Cas9 has advanced the production of enzymes and secondary metabolites. In oomycetes, significant plant pathogens, modified Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and CRISPR/Cas12a have contributed to developing disease-resistant crops. This review provides a comparative analysis of genetic engineering efficiencies across these microorganisms and addresses ethical and regulatory considerations. Future research directions include refining genetic tools to improve efficiency and expand applicability in non-model organisms. This comprehensive overview highlights the transformative potential of genetic engineering in microbiology and its implications for addressing global challenges in agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology.

Rapid Dynamic Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Amoxicillin-Mediated Morphological Changes in a Pathogen for Diagnosis of Clinical Urine Samples.

The swift and stable detection of pathogens in urine samples holds significant implications for the immediate clinical diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). In this study, we propose a detection strategy utilizing a hybrid substrate composed of graphene oxide (GO) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for the detection of pathogens subjected to amoxicillin-mediated (amo-mediated) treatment. This strategy employs dynamic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (D-SERS) for stable and rapid detection, capturing signal variations induced by amo-mediated changes in pathogen morphology. During the 5 min D-SERS detection time window, stable SERS signals were detected for three types of pathogens and four types of pathogens were successfully distinguished using principal component analysis (PCA). In comparison to conventional nanosubstrates, the GO/Ag NP hybrid substrate exhibits outstanding stability and enhancement effects. This approach enables the dual detection of the pathogen cell structure and metabolites, facilitating specific identification of pathogens in the urinary tract, with a detection limit for Escherichia coli reaching 1 × 104 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL, meeting the clinical microbiology laboratory diagnostic standards for UTIs (105 CFU/mL). Testing of 188 clinically collected urine samples using this strategy yielded a sensitivity (SENS) of 86.4% and a specificity (SPC) of 89.7%. This introduces a novel method for diagnosing UTIs, offering broad applications in the field of clinical pathogen detection.

Fabrication of Hydroxyl Modified Hollow Glass Microsphere Composite Isocyanate‐Based Polyimide Foam and Optimization Strategy Based on Different Bonding Mechanisms

ABSTRACTIn this study, the hydroxyl modified hollow glass microsphere (HM‐HGM) is added to different foaming slurries of isocyanate‐based polyimide foam (IBPIF) at varying ratios, and different bonding effects are formed to optimize the dispersion behavior. Then, the novel HGM composited IBPIF (IBPIF/HGM) is prepared. Hydroxyl groups on HM‐HGM establish hydrogen bonding effect with pyromellitic acid dimethyl ester and dimethyl formamide in the white slurry and react with isocyanate groups in the black slurry. The cell structure of IBPIF is altered to improve its sound absorption performance and mechanical behaviors. Compared with IBPIF/HGM‐0, the average cell size of IBPIF/HGM‐1 and BPIF/HGM‐5 decreases significantly. The sound absorption performance and mechanical behaviors of them are improved to some extent. Compared with samples in which the HM‐HGM is added alone to a single slurry, when the dosage ratio of HM‐HGM in black and white slurries is 1:1, IBPIF/HGM‐3 has more uniform cell structure. The change of IBPIF cell structure by the introduction of HM‐HGM and the unique structure of HM‐HGM can enhance the sound absorption performance and mechanical behaviors of IBPIF. The design idea of different bonding mechanisms significantly provides technical assistance to enhance the acoustic performance of polymeric foam materials.

Cell-Inspired Microreactor with Compartmentalized Active Sites for Development of Cascade Catalysis System in Biosensing.

Enzymatic cascade reactions with high activity and specificity in living cells always benefit from multicompartmentalized organelles that provide separately confined spaces for enzymes, avoiding their mutual interference to ensure the high-efficiency operation of necessary vital movements. Inspired by this, we designed a 3D spherical microreactor (Au@H-APF@Pt) with biomimetic cascade catalysis for glucose detection. First, ultrasmall gold nanoparticles were immobilized in situ on the internal cavities of hollow 3-aminophenol formaldehyde resin (H-APF) nanospheres, along with glucose oxidase activity. Then, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) with peroxide-like activity were reduced surrounding the outer layer of the H-APF nanospheres. Similar to the cell structure, different metal sites in this bifunctional microreactor operated independently, bringing higher catalytic activity and selectivity and thus being synergistically capable of a cascade reaction to catalyze the substrate for glucose detection. This cell-mimicking microreactor (Au@H-APF@Pt) was successfully applied in glucose colorimetric detection, showing a 1.9-fold activity enhancement compared to direct mixing (Au/Pt). The observed low catalytic activity was attributed to the extended time for transferring hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from Au NPs to the solution and then to PtNPs. Integrating a smartphone APP, a real-time, visual, and Au@H-APF@Pt-based hydrogel sensor for glucose detection was also proposed. Satisfactory results highlight that this cell-mimicking microreactor offers a very successful strategy to improve the efficiency of cascade catalysis systems in biosensing.

Correlative light and soft X-ray tomography of in situ mesoscale heterochromatin structure in intact cells.

Heterochromatin organization is critical to many genome-related programs including transcriptional silencing and DNA repair. While super-resolution imaging, electron microscopy, and multiomics methods have provided indirect insights into the heterochromatin organization, a direct measurement of mesoscale heterochromatin ultrastructure is still missing. We use a combination of correlative light microscopy and cryo-soft X-ray tomography (CLXT) to analyze heterochromatin organization in the intact hydrated state of human mammary fibroblast cells. Our analysis reveals that the heterochromatin ultra-structure has a typical mean domain size of approximately 80nm and a mean separation of approximately 120nm between domains. Functional perturbations yield further insights into the molecular density and alterations in the mesoscale organization of the heterochromatin regions. Furthermore, our polymer simulations provide a mechanistic basis for the experimentally observed size and separation distributions of the mesoscale chromatin domains. Collectively, our results provide direct, label-free observation of heterochromatin organization in the intact hydrated state of cells.

Abstract 4120919: Cell physiology and multi-omics analysis revealed disordered embryogenesis as early as mesoderm specification in models of Holt-Oram Syndrome

Introduction: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The dysregulation of several cardiac transcription factors (TFs) leads to CHD. The coordination of several cardiac TFs is required and essential for cardiogenesis. However, the mechanisms to acquire its cardiac cell identity remain unclear. Hypothesis: Mutant Tbx5 dysregulates embryogenesis during mesoderm specification, prior to its expression in the tissues in Holt-Oram syndrome. Methods: Using cellular physiology and multiomics analysis in both human ES cells and a zebrafish model of TBX5 germline mutation. we evaluated embryonic structure and function, prior to the onset of gastrulation in the context of both heterozygous and homozygous TBX5 mutation. Results: Zebrafish time course transcriptome profiles over gastrulation revealed that loss of Tbx5 impacted transcriptional profiles at the blastula stage. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 16243 zebrafish blastula stage cells showed loss of Tbx5 impacted transcription noise at the blastula stage prior to the expression of zygotic Tbx5 with associated effects on chromatin accessibility using omni-assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC) and evidence of aberrant Wnt signaling even at the blastula stage. Embryo-wide cell structure and function were abnormal in both Tbx5 mutant zebrafish heterozygotes or homozygotes. To validate Undifferentiated human ES cell H3K4me3 Cleavage Under Targets&Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) also showed abnormal Wnt signaling in TBX5 homozygous mutation and TBX5 CUT&RUN showed aberrant mesoderm pathway. Calcium imaging analysis demonstrated the lowest excitation frequency in TBX5 homozygous mutation prior to mesoderm specification. TBX5 homozygous human ES derived mesoderm cells exhibited low expression levels of mesoderm marker genes compared to TBX5 wild type mesoderm. Conclusion: Integrating single cell physiology and multi-omics technologies, we idneifified fundamental dysregulation of embryogenesis in mutant cardiac-restricted gene disorder prior to mesoderm specification or the zygotic expression of the mutant gene. These findings suggest that Tbx5 started to determine cell fate prior to mesoderm specification by altering chromatin accessibilities and histone modification. Tbx5 affected mesoderm differentiation by influencing Wnt signaling and cell physiology.

Optimized Graph Sample and Aggregate‐Attention Network‐Based High Gain Meta Surface Antenna Design for IoT Application

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a High Gain Metasurface (HGM) antenna design optimized for IoT applications. The antenna operates at a 5.8 GHz frequency and utilizes a quarter‐wavelength unit cell structure. The design employs a Graph Sample and Aggregate‐Attention Network (GSAAN) to enhance the transmission characteristics of the metasurface. To optimize the performance of GSAAN, the Giza Pyramids Construction Algorithm (GPCN) is applied to adjust the weight parameters, leading to significant improvements in radiation efficiency, bandwidth, gain, directivity, and return loss. The proposed HGM antenna is simulated in MATLAB 2023b, where it demonstrates substantial performance gains over existing methods. Specifically, the proposed design achieves 28.34% higher gain compared to the MSA‐RHCOA method, 24.47% improvement over HGM‐AD‐MATCS, 26.34% better gain than BR‐HGA‐PGM, and a 32.12% gain increase relative to MSA‐Hyb‐ADSA‐HMSOA. These enhancements make the proposed antenna design a competitive solution for high‐gain applications in wireless communication, satellite communication, and radar systems. The integration of GSAAN with GPCN optimization in the HGM antenna design enables the creation of highly directive radiation patterns, making it well‐suited for IoT applications that require high performance and reliability. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving superior antenna performance, positioning it as a strong alternative to existing metasurface antenna designs.

Prediction of Anemia Using Machine Learning Algorithms: Scoping Review

Introduction: One of the major public health problems is anemia, especially affecting newborn and infant children, adolescent girls, young women, pregnant women, and postpartum women. The cause of anemia is the reduced supply of red blood cells in the human body or the damage or weakening of the structure of red blood cells. One of the preferences of utilizing machine learning is the prediction of results. Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare effective algorithms, related to the origin or source of the data set, data set size, metric evaluation and accuracy and produce predictors in predicting anemia using machine learning. Method: This research uses a scoping review method on 4 databases, namely Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore from 2019 - 2024 with keywords anemia, algorithms, machine learning, and prediction. The results of screening articles on the Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore databases obtained 384 articles which were then selected through several stages and obtained 9 articles. Result: The review found that the highest algorithm performance in anemia prediction, namely Penalized Regression (LASSO regression) accuracy above 64%, XGboost accuracy 100% and execution time 0.2404 seconds, Catboost accuracy 97.6%, Random Forest accuracy 95.49% and 72%, J48 algorithm accuracy of 97.7%, Logistic Regression accuracy 66% and AUC 69%, and SVM linear AUC 79.9%. Conclusion: Machine learning can assist in the development of anemia prediction models by exploring large amounts of data and producing precise and fast predictors. The predictors obtained are determined by the selection of algorithms in the study.

Inactivation of Pichia membranaefaciens in Soybean Paste by Dual-Frequency and Moderate Thermosonication

Dual-frequency and moderate thermosonication (TS, 300 + 300 W, 20 + 40 kHz, 25~60 °C) was employed to inactivate Pichia membranifaciens in soybean paste. The aim was to evaluate the effect of TS on the inactivation of P. membranaefaciens and on the quality of soybean paste. The Weibull model fitted the survival data of P. membranaefaciens in thermosonicated soybean paste well and a decrease of 5 log of P. membranaefaciens in soybean paste was obtained at TS50°C, TS55°C, TS60°C, and T65°C for 15.41, 7.49, 2.27, and 18.61 min. Scanning electron microscope observation revealed TS50°C damaged the cell structure, leading to the leakage of intracellular contents. The physicochemical properties of soybean paste treated by TS were more retained than in paste treated by heat. The GC-MS analysis indicated that the flavor components had increased after TS treatment, especially at TS50°C. In conclusion, TS can inactive P. membranaefaciens in soybean paste without causing significant changes in its physicochemical and flavor qualities.

Dipeptides from lactiplantibacillus plantarum limit Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis.

Lactobacilli have drawn a great deal of attention due to the heterogeneity of their cells, as well as their remarkable ability to adapt to a range of harsh conditions. One such adaptation response by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was forming a V-shaped cell structure in low acidic pH conditions. This study aims to identify low pH induced-biofilm formation in L. plantarum and Limosilactobacillus reuteri and their antagonistic interactions with an opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Dual species bacterial interactions revealed a Lactobacilli biofilm-mediated suppression of PAO1 biofilms and pyocyanin pigment. Furthermore, filtrates from Lactobacilli grown at low acidic pH (pH 3.5) effectively arrest the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa PAO1 including biofilm, swarming motility, and pyocyanin formation. Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of several Lactobacilli secreted metabolites and dipeptides that exhibited strong LasR receptor antagonistic interactions in molecular docking analysis. Prolyl-tyrosine showed the best lasR antagonistic and PAO1 biofilm inhibitory activities of the identified dipeptides. Overall, the results will contribute to the development of anti-infective drugs against P. aeruginosa using Lactobacilli secreted dipeptides. Furthermore, the investigation identifies several dipeptides that can be extracted from V-shaped Lactobacilli for antimicrobial protein therapy against P. aeruginosa and other pathogens.

Biothermodynamics of Hemoglobin and Red Blood Cells: Analysis of Structure and Evolution of Hemoglobin and Red Blood Cells, Based on Molecular and Empirical Formulas, Biosynthesis Reactions, and Thermodynamic Properties of Formation and Biosynthesis.

Hemoglobin and red blood cells (erythrocytes) have been studied extensively from the perspective of life and biomedical sciences. However, no analysis of hemoglobin and red blood cells from the perspective of chemical thermodynamics has been reported in the literature. Such an analysis would provide an insight into their structure and turnover from the aspect of biothermodynamics and bioenergetics. In this paper, a biothermodynamic analysis was made of hemoglobin and red blood cells. Molecular formulas, empirical formulas, biosynthesis reactions, and thermodynamic properties of formation and biosynthesis were determined for the alpha chain, beta chain, heme B, hemoglobin and red blood cells. Empirical formulas and thermodynamic properties of hemoglobin were compared to those of other biological macromolecules, which include proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, the energetic requirements of biosynthesis of hemoglobin and red blood cells were analyzed. Based on this, a discussion was made of the specific structure of red blood cells (i.e. no nuclei nor organelles) and its role as an evolutionary adaptation for more energetically efficient biosynthesis needed for the turnover of red blood cells.

Staining and resin embedding of whole Daphnia magna samples for micro-CT imaging enabling 3D visualization of cells, tissues, and organs.

Micro-CT imaging is a powerful tool for generating high-resolution, isotropic, three-dimensional datasets of whole, centimeter-scale model organisms. At histological resolutions, micro-CT can be used for whole-animal qualitative and quantitative characterization of tissue and organismal structure in health and disease. The small size, global freshwater distribution, wide range of cell size and structures of micron scale, and common use of Daphnia magna in toxicological and environmental studies make it an ideal model for demonstrating the potential power of micro-CT-enabled whole-organism phenotyping. This protocol details the steps involved in D. magna samples preparation for micro-CT, including euthanasia, fixation, staining, and resin embedding. Micro-CT reconstructions of samples imaged using synchrotron micro-CT reveal histological (microanatomic) features of organ systems, tissues, and cells in the context of the entire organism at sub-micron resolution and in 3D. The enabled "3D histology" and 3D renderings can be used for morphometric analyses across cells, tissues, and organ systems.

Electron microscopy method in assessing the quality of cell cryopreservation

During its existence, electron microscopy has become one of the reference methods for assessing the structural and functional state of cells, tissues and organs, and an extensive evidence base has been formed that allows its use in the creation and formation of a biobank. The selection of sources for the literature review was carried out using keywords based on publications over the past 20 years. The publications presented in the review were selected by searching the eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed and Scopus databases. Based on foreign and domestic experience in the work of biobanks, we can distinguish four areas that determine the effectiveness of the use of electron microscopy studies as a component of its work. Firstly, it is control of microbiological contamination of a biological sample. The effectiveness of electron microscopy in detecting contamination of a biological sample with bacteria, fungi and viruses is comparable to the effectiveness of classical microbiological techniques. Secondly, it is a diagnostic tool that allows you to identify or confirm the presence in a sample of a pathogenetic process that is of interest for biobanking: tumor growth, atherosclerotic vessel damage, etc. Thirdly, it is quality control for cryopreservation of samples. A wide range of morphological characteristics of the ultramicroscopic structure of cells and microanatomical formations makes it possible to characterize the quality of cryopreservation and quantify the degree of damage, which contributes to the unification and standardization of biobanking. Transmission electron microscopy is the most informative in this matter. Fourthly, this is the basis for digitalization of the results obtained and the formation of an interdisciplinary biobank repository, which allows the use of “big date” technologies for fundamental research. The compliance of the biobank profile with the economic, scientific and industrial characteristics of the infrastructure of the industry or region is of great importance. Electron microscopy data are successfully combined with the results of molecular studies, which allows the formation of interdisciplinary metadata databases suitable for interregional and interdisciplinary scientific integrations. The latter makes it possible to use electron microscopy data to solve a wide range of applied and interdisciplinary problems. The above allows us to consider scanning and transmission microscopy methods as one of the key methods in the development of biobanking in the region.

Hybrid poly(lactide-co-glycolide) membranes incorporated with doxycycline-loaded copper-based metal-organic nanosheets as antibacterial platforms.

The rise of antimicrobial resistance necessitates innovative strategies to combat persistent infections. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention as antibiotic carriers due to their high drug loading capacity and structural adaptability. In particular, 2D MOF nanosheets are emerging as a notable alternative to their traditional 3D relatives due to their remarkable advantages in enhanced surface area, flexibility and exposed active region properties. Herein, we synthesized 2D Copper 1,4-benzendicarboxylate (CuBDC) nanosheets and utilized them as a carrier and controlled release system for Doxycycline (Doxy@CuBDC), for the first time. The Doxy@CuBDC nanosheets were subsequently incorporated into poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) electrospun membranes (Doxy@CuBDC/PLGA). The resultant bioactive fibrous membranes exhibited double-barrier controlled release properties, extending the Doxy release up to ∼9 days at pH 7.4 and 5.5. Significant inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were observed. The morphological analyses revealed the deformed bacterial cell structures on Doxy@CuBDC/PLGA membranes that indicates potent bactericidal activity. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the non-toxic nature of the fabricated membranes, underscoring their potential use for biomedical applications. Overall, the hybrid antibacterial PLGA membranes present a promising strategy for combating microbial infections while maintaining biocompatibility and offer a versatile approach for biomedical material design and surface coatings (e.g., wound dressings, implants).&#xD.